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APPENDIX
TO
j0«rnals of ^tmU and gisscmblg,
OF THE
EIGHTEENTH SESSION OF THE LEGISLATURE
OF THE
ST^TE OF C^LIFORlSri^
"V"03L.XJ]^v^E III.
^<^Mj<A.-^-
SACEAMENTO:
D. W, GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER
1870.
CONTENTS.
Transactions of State Agricultural Society for 1868 and 1869.
'. Memorial of W. P. Tilden, on the care of the Insane of California.
Appendix (1869) to Insane Asylum Report.
Report of Committee of Public Building.s in relation to Insane Asylum.
. Report of San Francisco Delegation relative to Senate Bill No. 546. Assombly Bill No. 474
and Senate Bill No. 82.
' . Majority and Minority Reports of As.sembly Committee relative to Hospitals.
'. Message of Governor Ilaight, transmitting Report of Yosemite Commi.«sioners.
. Report of Committee on Culture of the Grape.
' . Petition of Ladies' Protection and Relief Society.
. Petition asking subsidy for Australian steamers.
Petition relative to Navigation of San Joao^uin River.
. Petition asking appropriation for Protestant Episcopal Church Home Association.
. Petition of San Francisco fiying-In Hospital for aid.
. Majority Report of Senate Committee on Corporations, on Senate !5ill No. 2:^0.
. Annual Reports of Central Pacific Piailroad Company.
. Majority and Minority Reports of J^dnt Comraitt«;e relative to permaneul location of State
Normal Scliool.
'. Petition of Prison Commission for a donation.
;. Petition relative to non-re.-^ident Indigent Sick of Los Angeles County.
I. Petition of Marys ville Benevolent Society for an ap[)vopriation.
I. Testimony taken l)ofore Senate relative to (lolden City Homestead Association.
;!. Minority Report of Commitf.-.. on lA-dcral Relations relative to Assembly Concurrent Reso-
tion No. 20.
' i. Message of Governor Haight, returning, witboiu approval. Assembl}- liill No. 1.t2.
5. Petition for Repeal of Mortgage Ta.\ law.
' i. Petition of Roman Catholic Female Orphan Asylum, of Santa Barbara, for an appropriation.
; ). Proceedings of the .Joint Convention to .select a permanent site for the State Normal SehooL
. 0. Memorial of Supervisors of Fresno County.
'. Petition of Trustees of Swamp l-and District No. 77. asking their [.roceedings legalized.
i. .Memorial of Trustees of San .Juan.
J. Petition of Protestant Orphan .\syluin, of Sacramento, for aiil.
I). Message of Governor Haight, returning, without approval, .\ssembly Bill No. 154.
I. Petition for the Repeal of the Mortgage Tax law.
:2. Minority Report of Committee on Ways and Means, on Assembly Bills Nos. 24, 9fi and 268.
•3. Report of Judiciary Committee on Assembly Bill No. 113.
4. Report of Santa Clara Delegation on Senate Bill No. o.i.'j.
;!5. Petition of citizens of Stanislaus County relative to claim of T. E. Hughes.
IV CONTKNTS. , ^ ^
06. Resolution relative to Revision Commission.
37. Message of Governor Iliiight, returning, williout approval, Seuiitc Bill No. ;il().
38. Message of Governor II;iiglit, returning, without approval, Senate Hill No. 7.
39. Petition of Good Templars for aid.
40. Petition of Protestant Orphan Asylum, of San IViinci.s,;'). for an appropriation.
41. Petition of Catherine Gros.s for relief.
42. Petition from Strhool of the Ilwly Cross for aid.
43. Roport of State Capitol Commissiuners.
44. Report of the Revision Commission.
45. Roport of the Committee on Contingent H\pon8cs rolative to accountji against the Senate.
46. Report of Commissioners relative to Sacramesnto Valley Canal.
47. Report of Commissioners relative to Harlmr of Santa (Jru/,.
48. Resolutions from Trustees of Santa Cruz.
49. Resolutions from Supervisors of Fresno County.
50. Report of Commissioner on rnimigration.
51. Message of Governor Ilaight, returning, without approval, Assembly Bill No. 111.
52. Report of Couimitteo on Commereo and Navigation.
63. Minority and Majority Reports of Committee on Commeree and Navigation relative t(
Assembly No. (iS.
54. Resolution coneeruing revision of the laws.
55. Report of Committee of Cotiferenee on Senate Bill No. 280.
56. Report of Committee on Public Accounts and Expenditures.
57. Report of Committee on Petition for Woman Suffrage.
58. Report of the Labor and Employment Exidiange.
59. Memorial of Joseph Neumann.
60. Report of Committej on Claims relative to Assembly Bill No. 89.
61. Resolutions relative to erection of City Hall in San Francisco.
02. Minority report of San Francisco Delegation n.lative to Senate Bill No. 85.
63. Report of Committee on Ways and Means relative to Assembly Bill No. 211.
64. Joint resolution relative to sale of mineral lands.
65. Report of Committee 011 Corporations.
66. Petition of the Iliberuia Greens. 9
67. Petition of citizen." of Santa Clara County.
68. Report of Committee on Ways and Means, fi.xing rate of taxation.
69. Statement of James S. Houseman, Harbormaster.
70. Report relative to the division of Los Angeles County.
71. Memorial of Regents of the University.
72. Report of the Magdalen Asylum.
73. Petition from free schools of Presentation Convent for aid.
74. Petition of citizens of Sacramento relative to erection of hospital.
75. Petition in reference to establishing a law librarj* in San Francisco.
76. Report of Committee on State University'.
77. Report of Senate Committee on Mines and Mining Iuterest«.
78. Report relative to changes in the pilot system.
TRANSACTIONS
OA-LIFORlSriA
hit l^gnntlteal ^otutj
DURING THE
YEi^KS 1868 ^jS^D 1869.
SACEAMENTO:
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRIN T_e[r .
1870.
CONTEXTS.
Page.
Address delivered by Gen. John Bidwell before the State Agricultural Society in 1868 81
Address delivered by Rev. William McKaig before the Xorthern District Fair in 1869 307
Agricultural address delivered by Hon. George Barstow before the Upper Sacramento Agri-
cultural Society in 1869 323
Alfalfa 25
Amendment to the Constitution 55
Annual report of the Board of Directors for 1868 53
Annual report of the Board of Directors for 1869 349
Annual address delivered by Judge J. B. Crockett before the State Agricultural Society in 1868 73
Annual address delivered by Hon. Edward Thompson before the State Agricultural Society
in 1869 166
Annual address delivered by Dr. Holden before the San Joaquin Stock and Agricultural
Implement Society in 1869 336
Annual address delivered by 0. F. Alley, President, before the Contra Costa Agricultural
Society in 1869 344
Artificial forests 33
Beet sugar 14
Beet root sugar 272
Berries 23
Board of Agriculture for 1868 52
Board of Agriculture for 1869 158
Board of Agriculture for 1870 348
California grasses 25
Castor oQ bean 19
Chile clover ^^
Chinese grass 19
Compilation of laws relating to the State Agricultural Society 39
Constitution of the State Agricultural Society 45
Consumption and destruction of forests 28
Cranberry culture 23
Culture of the grape 268
Destruction of forests, climatic eflfects of. 31
Diseased cattle 27
Diversified agriculture H
Financial report of the State Agricultural Society for 1868 57
Financial report of the State Agricultural Society for 1869 176
Fish breeding 27
Flax 18
Fruits 22
Grape culture 20
Green fruits, exportation of. 22
Hard timber 29
Hemp 13
IV CONTENTS.
Imniigrati'iii 6
Immigrants, kind of. 9
Iniuigural address delivered bj* W. H. Parks, President, before the Xorthern District Fair
in 1869 303
Lemons 22
Limes 22
Meteorological report of T. M. Logan, M. D 226
Mining counties, the 16
Natural reproduction of forests 32
New Board of Agriculture for 1869, first meeting of. 68
New Board of Agriculture for 1870, fir.st meeting of. 352
Noteworthy exhibitions at the State Fair of 1868 Ill
Noteworthy exhibitions at the State Fair of 1869 211
Olives 22
Opening address delivered by Chas. T. Reed, President, before the State Agricultural Society
in 1868 69
Opening address delivered by Hon. W. H. Parks, President, before the Northern District
Agricultural Society in 1868 126
Opening address delivered by Chas. T. Reed, President, before the State Agricultural Society
in 1869 159
Opening address delivered by Gen. John Bidwell, before the Upper Sacramento Agricultural
Society in 1869 318
Oranges 22
Permanent Immigrant Association 8
Premiums awarded in 1868 91
Premiums awarded in 1869 191
Proceedings of the Upper Sacramento Agricultural Society for 1869 315
Proceedings of the State Agricultural Society for 1870 349
Raisins 15
Ramie or Chinese grass 19
Remedies for destruction of forests 32
Report of committee on silk culture for 1868 * 123
Report of committee on gold medals 207
Report of committee on steam plow 208
Report of committee on silk 208
Report of Assessor of San Francisco 378
Rice culture 16
Scarcity of lumber and wood, efiects of 30
Silk culture 17
Silk manufacture 18
Silk culture — an address delivered by Rev. I. S. Deihl before the State Agricultural Society
in 1869 217
Silk culture in California, by I. N. Hoag, of Yolo 239
Sixteenth annual meeting 53
State Fair of 1870 7
Statistical tables for 1867 132
Statistical tables for 1868 353
Tea culture 15
Timbered portions of California 28
Timber north and south 29
Timber for fuel 30
Tree and forest culture 27
Trials of speed in 1868 82
Trials of speed in 1869 185
Vegetables and vegetable gardens 24
World's Fair in the United States 34
R E ]? O R T
\nh l0ari ml gijgrifttltttr*
1868 j^lsTD 1869.
D. W. GELWIOKS, STATE PRINTEE
H E P O H T.
To His Excellency,
H. H. Haight,
Governor of California:
Sir : In obedience to law, we submit for your consideration the fol-
lowing report and suggestions :
We are bappy to record the fact that during the last two ye^rs all the
agricultural industries of our commonwealth have been highly prosper-
ous. Providence has smiled on the efforts of the husbandman, and the
generous earth has bountifully repaid him for his labor.
Being nourished and fed by agriculture, as the great fountain head of
all other industries, manufactures and commerce, in all their modifica-
tions, have enjoyed a season of prosperity unprecedented in the history
of our State.
For these blessings upon our commonwealth — entering, as they have
done, into ever}^ household, and increasing the enjoyment and happiness
of every family and individual in the land — unreserved gratitude is due
to Him at whose hand we have received them.
THE SOCIETY.
In connection with the other evidences of prosperity which every-
Avherc surround us, it gives us great pleasure to state the fact that since
the organization of the State Agricultural Society, by Act of the Legis-
lature in eighteen hundred and fifty-four, it has never been in a better
condition, financially and otherwise, than at the present time.
Pursuant to the objects for which the society was organized, the Board
have held two annual fairs since their last biennial report. These fairs,
considering the comparatively small population of the Pacific coast, from
which the}^ necessarily had to draw their chief patronage and support,
were well attended by all classes of the community, and we have reason
to believe, have proved a general benefit to all the various industries of
the State.
The following abstract from the TreaFiurer's books shows the receipts
from all sources and the disbursements for all purposes, during the past
two years :
RECEIPTS.
Eeceipts for 1868 S27,107 15
Eeccipts for 1869 28,497 85
Total receipts for two years
DISBURSEMENTS.
Disbursements for 1868 $27,107 15
Disbursements for 1869 28,326 07
Total disbursements for two years
Balance on hand
S55,605 00
§55,433 22
§171 78
During the first nine years of the society's existence, though of great
benefit to tbe State, in directing the development of her resources, like
most other public beneficiary institutions of those earl}' da3^s, it proved
a financial failure, and a large debt accumulated against it, amounting, in
eighteen hundred and sixty-three, to over twenty-six tbousand dollars.
For the past six years, however, under a difl^erent system of manage-
ment, it has been more successful in this respect, and to-day it does not
owe a dollar, and has, as will be seen by the above exhibit, a small sum
on hand with which to begin the work of another year.
While encumbered with indebtedness, and the creditors anxious for
their pay, the Board will frankly acknowledge that they have deemed it
prudent, and, indeed, have considered it a duty, to manage the affairs of
the society with an eye to the speedy payment of the debt, believing
that in this manner they could the sooner open for it a field of more ex-
tended and permanent usefulness.
The pecuniary embarassment under which the Board have labored,
and the desire to free themselves of this embarassment, has rendered it
necessary for them to plan and conduct the annual fair in the past
in such a manner as to secure the greatest possible income with the
least expense. The necessity for this course, we brieve, has not been
generally understood, and hence there may have been heretofore an
apparent reason for complaint that some of the industries of the State
•were made more prominent at the fairs of the societj' than others. The
debt having been paid, and leaving the society in possession of means
too small without assistance to be of much service to the industrial
classes, it is suggested that an appropriation of at least five thousand
dollars a year for the next two j'cars is necessar}- to enable the Board
to carry out those improvements in management thcj- desire to make.
This sum is small compared to what could most profitably be used by
Board in offering premiums for strictly agricultural protlucts. The pres-
ent unhealthy condition of our agi'iculture, as we shall hereafter show,
calls for the introduction and cultivation of a greater variety of pro-
ducts. These changes and improvements can only be brought about by
offering inducements to individual enterprise and experiment. Money
appropriated to societies like the one we represent is on)}- loaned to the
people, and if judiciouslj^ distributed, will soon be returned to the treas-
ury with interest. The Board are necessarily to some extent the servants
of those who the most liberally sustain them and furnish them means ;
but they are now, as they ever have been, ready and anxious to put the
society in a position the most effectually to serve the best interests of
at^riculture in all its branches, and to lend a helping hand to all other
industries in the State.
And now that the society is in condition, with the assistance above
asked, to be rendered comparatively free from the necessity of catering
to the public taste, whether good or bad, for the purpose of accom-
plishing a ])ecuniary end, it is hoped that that assistance will be cheer-
fully granted.
The Board would also extend to the representatives of every industry
in the State a hearty invitation to come forward and give them an
earnest and efficient support, and on their part they will promise equal
consideration to all. Let every one bring forward for exhibition at our
annual fairs samples of the products of whatever industry he may be
engaged in, and he may rest assured that he will receive, at the hands
of the officers of the society, a hearty welcome, and his exhibition that
degree of attention and consideration its merits may deserve. It has
been too much the custom of our people to come to our fairs empty-
handed, preferring the leisure and freedom of a visitor to the care and
trouble ol an exhibitor. To this thoughtless and unwarrantable custom
among the industrial classes must be attributed, more than to any bad
management on the part of officers, the lack of that general interest so
necessary to render these exhibitions of that value to the State which a
different course might and ought to make them.
To this custom, more than to any other cause, must also be attributed
the reason why the agricultural fairs throughout the country, as well as
in this State, have for years back been leaning too much to exhibitions
of stock, and trials of speed on the race course, rather than to the more
useful and more really interesting general exhibition of the productions
of all the industries. With the people, more than with the managers of
these institutions, rest the responsibilities of the past, and with them
also will rest the changes for the better in the future. If such changes
are desirable, the present period in the history of our State is most aus-
picious for their inauguration.
There probably has never been a time since the organization of our
State Societ}', when so many circumstances combined to render its op-
portunities for benefiting the commonwealth so numerous and conspic-
uous as at present. The watchword of California to-day is the rapid
and healthy development of those vast and varied resources which her
own citizens have long known she possessed, but the existence of which
the outside world are but just beginning to realize. The fact that Cali-
fornia was introduced to the world through the discovery of her gold
mines, and the striking contrast between her climate and seasons and
those of the countries from which her first settlers came, for a long time
blinded even her own people as to the value of her agricultural and
other industrial resources, aside from mining. To correct these first
impressions and convince our own citizens of the value and importance
of those resources, has furnished a constant field for the labors of the
society in the past. As much, and perhaps more has been accomplished
by correspondence, by the collection, publication and distribution of
facts and statistics, by urging the introduction and prosecution of new
and varied industries, b}' calling attention to the superior profits to be
realized by the production of one article or set of articles over another,
than by the holding of annual fairs.
The publication and distribution of the volumes containing the trans-
6
actions of tho society, embracing, as they have done, a vast amount of
information upon nearly every industry prosecuted within the State,
has been attended with very beneficial effects, both at home and abroad,
where they have found their way by exchange and otherwise. These
reports are sought and read with interest by almost all classes of the
community, cUid are almost daily being called for by the intelligent
people of oilier States and countries, who arc anxious to learn of the
advantages and resources of our State. Some of the later issues are
complete! ' austed, and it may become advisable to reprint addi-
tional vo. d. But the isolated position our State has heretofore occu-
pied has Ixen a serious obstacle to the full realization of the fruits of
the labors of the society, except among our own people. Now, however,
by the completion of the continental railroad, and tlie consequent com-
petition between it and the steamship lines from the Atlantic States and
our own, wo are brought nearer to the great centres of the population
of the world, and a much wider field is opened up for the labors of the
society, in inducing and assisting to supply to our State a desirable and
valuable
IMMIGRATION.
We have repeatedly called the attention of the Legislature to the
importance of adopting some measures by which to induce a larger
immigration from the Atlantic States and Europe. In our last report
we referred to the subject, and will repeat here a portion of what we
then said :
For the last ten years it has been evident to all who have given the
subject a careful thought, that nothing would contribute so much to the
advancement of our prosperity as a commonwealth, as the influx of a
large immigration of industrious citizens. Every class of the commu-
nity experiences the want of labor. Every department of industry
needs the stimulus only to be found in a plenty of labor adapted to its
wants.
Our resources are so much greater than our ability to develop, that
the demand for immigration may be said to be universal.
There is no principle in political economy more thoroughly established
or more generally acknowledged than that a State cannot come up to its
natural standard of prosperity without sufficient labbr to develop and
husband its resources.
When we see a farmer, a miner or manufacturer, attempting to do
three or four times as much work as he can command means and labor
to accomplish, and accomplish well, we do not expect to see him succeed,
and he never does succeed, but generally makes a disastrous failure.
The present condition of our State, possessed as we are of a great variety
and abundant resources, without a corresponding amount of labor and
means, is just calculated to induce our enterprising and energetic citi-
zens to this very course.
Our most enterprising men frequently fail in their undertakings, simply
from the fact tliat they cannot command suflicieut labor, at reasonable
rates, to carry through to a successful conclusion their enterprises.
We need not cite proofs of the necessit}'' of immigration to our State
The pro]>osition is universally acknowledged. The only questions now
open for discussion are: Uow shall we secure the most valuable immigra-
tion in the shortest space of time and in the most economical manner?
Many plans are proposed, many schemes are advocated — some purely
and disinterestedly for the public good ; others with evident designs for
private and individual speculation more than for the benetit of the State.
All parties, whatever may be their favorite plan, and whatever motives
may prompt them to the advocacy of this plan, know full well that legis-
lative sanction and aid for the furtherance of their object is much to be
desired. As a general rule, the Legislature will find those plans which
are designed most for the benetit of individuals and least for the benefit
of the State will be advocated Avith the greatest aj)parent disinterested-
ness, but at the same time will be clung to with the greatest tenacity
and urged with the greatest importunity by individuals who, either for
themselves or for their friends, expect special and peculiar benefits.
While, therefore, we would thus counsel caution, we would at the same
time most earnestly urge action on the part of the Legislature in this
?i"iatter.
There is undoubtedly a great lack of information as to the real posi-
tion, advantages and resources of California, even among the people of
the Atlantic States, and particularl}' so among those of F^uropean coun-
tries from which our immigration would be most desirable.
Then, the first point to bo accomplished should be to reach those
countries and those people with correct .information in regard to every
department of industry in California. We w^ant to show them, in an
authoritative and reliable manner, through some channel upon which
they could and would depend and rely for correct information, the extent
of our agricultural, mineral and manufacturing resources; the extent to
which they are already developed; the facilities for continuing to develop
them, and the liberal remuneration, both to capital and labor, Avhich
can be secured by those who will come and assist in their development.
We want to show them more in detail the quality of our soils, the
nature and advantages of our climate, the kinds and quantities of the
necessaries and luxuries of life that can be produced here, and when and
at what prices those necessaries and luxuries can be sold, and what are
the means and exj^enses of their transportation to such market.
We want, in fact, to show them, as we can, that California is the best
place in the world for the industrious rich man to increase his riches,
and the industrious poor man to become rich — the best place in the
world for all classes of industrious people to live easy and happy. J^ow,
how shall this information be conveyed to these people ?
THE STATE FAIR OF EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY.
While we would not in the least place any impediment in the way of
any judicious and well intended effort by individuals or associations to
induce and assist an immigration of desirable people to this State, we
would call the attention of the Legislature to one of the best opportuni-
ties for accomplishing more in this tlirection, with the least expenditure
of money, and without any danger of imposition either on the State or
on the immigrants, than ever has been, or probably ever will again be
presented. The completion of the railroad across the continent the past
summer, has induced many of the business men of the Atlantic States,
including representatives of nearly every branch of industry, to visit
our coast for the purpose of personal observation, and to acquire reliable
information as to our advantages and resources. As a general thing,
they returned well jileased with what they saw here, and have become
so many additional witnesses as to the superior advantages here offered
to labor and capital. Many of our own people have visited their old
8
homes and friends at the East, and have no doubt assisted to increase the
desire there among all classes, at least to visit us, if not to become per-
manent residents among us. What is wanted now is some move on our
part to keep up and increase this desire, and to assist in its realization.
We propose, as a medium for the accomplishment of this oljject, the State
Agricultural Society; and the particular occasion, its fair of eighteen
hundred and seventy. We all know that it is useless for us to tell the
people of the Eastern States, or any other countr}-, of the wonderful
products of our soil. They treat our plain and truthful statements as
extravagant exaggerations. Nothing will bring them to a full realization
of the facts but actual observation. Such we propose to give them the
opportunity of making.
If the Legislature will treble or quadruple its annual appropriation to
this society for the year eighteen hundred and seventy, we believe that
a greater immigration of the most desirable classes of people can be
secured within the year, than can by the expenditure of double the
amount of money in any other way. With such assistance, and on such
an occasion, the Board could make such an exhibition of the products of
California as has never been made by any State in the world.
They would first take steps ta interest and stimulate all classes of our
own people to make the proper effort, and to carefully and judiciousl}-
direct those efforts to a successful result. They wouhl next secure the
most ample and favorable arrangements with railroads and steamship
companies, for the convej-ance of people and goods from all parts of the
country to California. Thej'^ would then send reliable and competent
agents to all advisable points in the East, to publish the necessary infor-
mation to induce people to come and see what California can do, and
how much better they can do here than any where else in the world;
this information to be of such a character as would tend to bring fam-
ilies to make this their permanent residence thereafter, as much as pos-
sible. In the interest of such, proper favorable discriminations in many
respects might be made. Particularly, special cheap fare for families
and transportation of goods could be arranged, no doubt, with the Pacific
Eailroad Compan3^ In carrjnng out this plan, man}' details would be
suggested, not necessary to mention in this report. We would recom-
mend this subject for the favorable consideration of the Legislature, and
would also suggest that early action on the subject \fould greatly con-
duce to a realization of its greatest advantages.
PERMANENT IMMIGRATION ASSOCIATION.
The above plan to induce and assist immigration would, of course, be
but temporary. It would, however, be verj- useful in o]>ening up the
subject and introducing it to the world, and ])reparing the wa}' for the
effectual operation of a pormanent organization. The advantages of
such an organization to the State, if properly conducted, cannot be
doubted by any person who knows and api)reciates the condition of
California.
In the formation of such an organization, great care should be taken to
avoid weak points, and to secure for it the confidence of all the ))eople
of the Slate. Especially should such an organization have the perfect
confidence of those who are most interested in its success, for to them
it will have to look for a larger share of its support. It should also have
the sanction and assistance of the State, to give it confidence and char-
acter abroad. It should be neither local, political or sectional in any
9
sense. All portions of the State should have an cqnal voice in its man-
agement, in order to secure an equal chance in its benctits. All the
industries should have a share of its consideration, in proportion to their
present and prospective importance. Hence agriculture, being the great
industry of the State, and being the one likely to attract by far the
greatest number of immigrants, should have a proportional share of
representatives on the Board of Managers. It would not be improper
that the principal officers of the prominent agricultural associations
should have a place and voice in such organization. This idea would
tend to divest it of any seeming personal or private character, and to
give it the confidence of all classes. The agents and appointees of such
an organization, who are likely to come in contact with the people,
especially with immigrants, should be selected for their integrity and
competency. They should know California, and be able to present her
advantages of every character, to the world, in a clear and forcible
manner.
KIND OF IMMIGRANTS.
The class of immigration we most need in California is such as will
come to make permanent homes for th.emselves and families. We want,
above all others, persons skilled in a great variety of agricultural pur-
suits. We want persons skilled in the culture and manufacture of silk,
in all its departments. We want vine growers and wine makers. We
want beet raisers and sugar manufacturers. We want tea culturists
and fruit preservers. In short, we want people skilled in the produc-
tion of all the necessaries and luxuries of life, for we have a State
possessed of all the requisite conditions for their succe.ssfiil cultivation.
We want such as will bring with them sufficient means, energy and
capacity to enter upon business for themselves. Such as will buy land
and become citizens and practical and prosperous farmers, or build
shops and factories, and follow some mechanical or manufacturing occu-
pation. In order to induce this class of persons to leave their homes
and business in the Atlantic States and come here to reside-, we must
promise them opportunities for making better homes and better busi-
ness here. Are we prepared in good faith to make such promises?
And, having made them, are we prepared in like good faith to fulfil
them ? So far as natural advantages, such as climate, soil and location
are concerned, we are prepared to answer both these questions in the
affirmative. We may also say there are millions of acres of arable land,
much of it as good as any now cultivated in the State, lying idle and
unoccupied, and that by the completion of railroads already projected,
and many of them now being built, much of this land will in a short
time be brought within easy distances of good markets for products
that may be raised upon it. There are, however,. some cloud.s which
throw a shade over the picture we might present to the immigrant.
One of these, and perhaps the most difficult one to remove, is found in the
fact that a large portion of this unoccupied and idle land has already
passed from the hands of Government into the hands of capitalists and
corporations, who purchased it in anticipation of selling at a large
advance to immigrants, whom it was expected the completion of the
Pacific Railroad would bi-ing into our State. This fact becoming known
abroad, has operated and is still operating to prevent such immigriition,
80 that while the landholders have failed in their anticipated sales and
10
profits, the State has been seriously injured and is still being injured.
It is undoubtedly within the province of the lje<fiMlaturo to do much
towards correcting this evil by enforcing an ocpialization of taxation,
and by asking such action on the part of the Crcneral Government as
will put a stop to this concentration of so much of om- juiblic lands in
the hands of speculators.
Another drawback to an immigration of the producing classes is found
in the ruling high rates of interest on money 'a onr State. By the
increased facilities of trade, our farmers and mep!- s are brought into
direct competition with the farmers and mechuincs of the Atlantic
States, and as many of them are compelled to do bu-siness on borrowed
capital, the high rate of interest demanded by ca})italist8 here operates
as a direct discrimination in favor of the Eastern producer. This evil is
brought home to the immigrant \vith greater force when he attempts to
purchase land here. If he finds himself uiial)le to pa}' down the whole
of the purchase mone}' for the quantity of land required, the high rate
of interest demanded for the balance of the purchase money discourages
the investment, and thus is worked another serious injury to the pros-
perity of our State. Capital, when properly invested and used to assist
labor, is a good and necessary thing in an}' country, and especially in a
new State, with boundless undeveloped resources like ours, but when
allowed greedily and blindly to oppress labor and cramp the develop-
ment of those resources, it becomes an evil of the most dangerous char-
acter, and like any other evil, should receive the attention of the Gov-
ernment.
The high rates of fare and freight demanded by some of our railroad
companies, where competition does not tend to correct the evil, may be
cited as another drawback on the development of the country. They
also have their influence to retard immigration. Intelligent people
inquire how much it costs to move the products of a country to market,
as well as how much and what that country can produce, and what those
products will sell for in the market. All new States have had these
same evils, in a greater or less degree, to contend with. A few straight
forward and judicious laws enacted touching these subjects, would doubt-
less be attended with good results, both as to the development of the
country and in inducing immigration. In forming such laws, however,
care should be taken not to drive capital from the State or to discourage
its coming here for investment. The object of such legislation should be
rather to induce it to come in greater quantities, and to show it oppor-
tunities for investment, where the profits being more certain and secure,
will not necessarily be required to be at so high a rate per cent. If cap-
italists can see greater inducements for the investment of capital in agri-
cultural and manufacturing enterprises, than in land for speculative pur-
l)0scs, or in holding it for high rates of interest, they will not hesitate as
to what course to take. If they can see a growing business for addi-
tional railroad enterprises, they will not hesitate to buihl competing
roads, thus reducing the fares and freights on all by increasing the
business, and without lessening the certain ])rofits of all.
We would here mention a practice among our capitalists, which has
already done a great injury to the State, and which, if continued, cannot
but work a direct injury to capital itself We refer to the disciMmination
made by our money loaning institutions, in favor of city and against
country borrowers. The cities cannot prosper without the country is
developed. If any class of men should be favored by capital, that class
should be the producers of the country, for they, more than any other
11
class, ^ivo value to the country and the cities, and create the opportu-
nities "for the profitable investment of capital everj-where. Laws to
facilitate and reduce the expense of securing money loaned in the coun.
try would prove beneficial.
DIVERSIFIED AGRICULTURE.
Probabl}' no equal portion of the earth's surface is so well calculated,
from its great variety of soils and climate, to sustain a diversified, and
hence, profitable agriculture, as California. All the products of the tem-
perate and many of those of the tropical climates, flourish here with
equal luxuriance. Nature seems to have marked out this country as the
special paradise of the agriculturalists, and yet the great curse of our
agriculture and the State is the sameness of production — the over pro-
duction of a few agricultural products. It is a stigma upon the intelli-
o-ence and enterprise of our farmers, that vevy many of the common
necessaries of life, and those, too, for the production of which our State
is most peculiarly adapted, and which would yield the greatest profit to
the producer, are constantly imported. The very money received by
our farmers for their grain, sold at a low figure in consequence of over
production, is, much of it, exported from the States to pay for these same
necessaries consumed by themselves. It is a shameful and deplorable
fact, that many of the naturally best grain-producing portions of our
State have been cropped every year for from ten to fifteen years in suc-
cession, with grain, and in many cases with one single unvaried crop —
wheat. The result has proved just what the farmers have time and
again been told it would bring about, a complete exhaustion of the soil.
In many localities, where once the land yielded from forty to sixty
bushels of wheat per acre, it now yields scarcely enough to pay for the
labor of sowing and harvesting. What is still worse, many of these
improvident grain farmers are disposing of their exhausted lands and
moving to other sections to find a virgin soil, which they, in turn, will
in like manner exhaust. This practice of constant cropping with a
single product, and thus exhausting much of the best soil in the State,
can^not be too severely discountenanced. It is more suicidal and vicious,
if possible, in its effects upon the prosperity and good name of the State,
than that half civilized vandalism which would recklessly and uselessly
destroy the growing timber on our public lands, and thus lay waste
the greatest redeeming feature of our climate. The exhaustion of the
soil is not the only evil resulting from this pernicious and unnatui'al
practice of farming— we cannot dignify it by the name of husbandry/.
Like all great violations of the laws of nature, it recoils, in its effects,
upon those guilty of the violation, but not upon those alone, for its evil
effects are felt by our whole population. In planting, harvesting and
marketing a single crop of grain, not over one-half of the year is neces-
sarily consumed by our farmers. Thus, throughout our great agricul-
tural districts, there is a season of active labor for all and a season of
idleness for all. As a result of this mismanagement of the agricultural
industry of the State, there is lost to these districts, and to the State at
large, each year, the profits of nearly half the agricultural labor of the
State, As another result, all that large class of persons who depend for
a livelihood on daily labor upon our farms are, during all this idle season,
thrown out of employment, and are consequently deprived of the means
of subsistence, and to compensate them for this idle season, they are
compelled to demand of their employers proportionately high wages
12
while they do labor. The employers, from the exigency of their position
in the busy season, are, in turn, compelled to comply with this demand.
Thus it turns out, that for the year's opei-ations the farmers themselves
realize but about half what they should realize, and the labor they
emplo}', though receiving double price for the time actually engaged, is
but pooi'ly paid. Hence, too, we find all these same laborers, during the
balance of the 3'ear, running up and down through the State, M'ith no
money in their pockets, looking for employment. Such is their condi-
tion at this present time, as every farmer and every hotel-keeper in the
country can testify.
Again, frankness compels us to take another and still worse view of
thisuglj' subject. Idleness is the mother of crime ; hence we see so
many persons of dissipated habits in our land; hence we hear of so
many robberies on our public highways and in the streets of our cities j
hence so many burglaries and petty thefts during the fall and winter
months — the idle season in the agricultural districts. This picture is not
overdrawn. As unpleasant as it is to be compelled to publish it, as
damaging to the fair fame of our State as are its ugl}- features, still it
does not even present the wretchedness of the reality.
It becomes us, then, as the representatives of the industrial classes, as
the friends of the laborers and employers of our State, to inquire into
and suggest the remedies for the evils as they exist. These remedies do
not lie in any eight-hour laws, or any other laws restricting the hours
for a day's labor. Nor are the remedies to be found in laws excluding
labor of any kind from the State, or in placing burdens of any kind upon
that labor. Neither will it remedy the evil b}' attempting to legislate
for the protection of white or black, or any other colored labor.
In this report we wish to be understood that we represent no political
party, being of all parties, and that we favor no political ideas whatever,
except those suggested by true political economy and the best interests
of the State. Weighed in this balance, the laws above referred to, and
all legislation of that character, will only make the matter worse, as
they can have no other efFect than to create ill will and ill feeling
between the different classes of laborers, and suspicion and distrust
between laborers and employers. Such laws do not recognize, and con-
sequently do not aim, at the real cause of the trouble.
This cause, as we have shown, affects the employer as much as the
emploj^ed, and the remedy must be one that will reach and mutually
benefit both. We have a plenty of work in our State for all the labor
there is here, and a hundred times as much more. We have resources
here sufficient for the profitable occupation of all the master farmers
and mechanics there are here, with all the capital they can employ, and
would have, if there were a hundred times as many, commanding a
thousand times as much capital.
To admit any other propositien would be, indirectly, to assert that wo
want no more population — that we want no more immigration ; in short,
that our resources are already being developed as fast as they can bo
rendered remunerative. These ])Ositions are too absurd to require a
moment's consideration ; and yet all laws of the character above referred
to are founded upon these positions as their basis, and, if spread upon our
statute books, will have a tendency to place us before the world in this
extremely absurd and false position. What we want, above all things, to
give us universal prosperity and constant and remunerative em])loyment
tor all classes, is a diversified agriculture; an agriculture so varied in its
products and so constant in its operations that it will require about an
13
equal amount of labor every month in the year; an agriculture that will
produce not only all that a dense j)Oj)ulation would require ior home
consumption, but one that would furnish fur export products a thousand
times more valuable than would be all the wheat our State could pro-
duce, if every acre of land within its borders, adapted to its cultivation,
were to 3'ield a hundred bushels a year. That nature designed California
for an agriculture as diversified in its character as are the soils and
climates of her thousands of valleys and innumerable mountain and hill
sides, and as valuable as the world has ever known, cannot be doubted
What we need now, more than anything else, to secure to our State to
the fullest extent the benefits of such an agriculture, is that degree of
governmental encouragement as will induce judicious and careful inves-
tigation and experiment with new and valuable products. In a Govern-
ment like ours, where every citizen is a sovereign and has an equal inter-
est in the prosperity of the country, every new industry introduced
tending to increase that prosperity inures to the benefit of all. Hence,
it is but right and just that the expense of proper experiments to test
the practicability of the successful introduction and profitable prosecu-
tion of new industries should be borne, to a certain extent, by all. This
just and equitable principle has been recognized by every enlightened
and prosperous Government known in the history of the world, and in
proportion as this principle has been acted on by the different Govern-
ments, just in that proportion have those Governments increased in power
and prosperity. To the intelligent encouragement given by the first
Napoleon to certain agricultural industries, silk and beet sugar, France
is indebted to-day for the advanced position she occupies among the
powerful nations of the earth. England, by the protection and encour-
agement of her manufactures and commerce, has grown to be the fii^st
manufacturing and commercial country in the world. Our own General
Government acted upon this principle in the establishment of an Agri-
cultural Department, under the direction of which the introduction and
cultivation of new pi'oducts are being experimented upon at the public
expense. The donation by the National Government of public lands to
the several States, for the establishment and maintaiuance of agricultu-
ral colleges, is another act recognizing the same principle. It is for the
introduction and encouragement of new and valuable products at the
public expense that every enlightened and prosperous nation in the
world has established agricultural and other industrial societies, and
appropriated to them money for the payment of bounties and premiums.
It is upon this same principle that copyrights are secured to authors and
patents to inventors by the different nations of the earth. Subsidies to
steamship lines and great national railroad enterprises are prompted by
the same enlightened policy as premiums and bounties to individuals for
the introduction and cultivation of new and valuable agricultural pro-
ducts. Indeed, the justice, the policy and the manifold advantages of
governmental encouragement to individual enterprise for the develop-
ment of the resources of a country are so well established by reason, and
have been so favorablj^ tested by precedent, that we deem it unnecessary
to dwell longer upon the subject.
We believe that the present unfavorable condition of the agricultural
and other industrial interests of California furnishes one of the strongest
arguments ever presented to the Government of any State in favor of the
most liberal encouragement of experiments in the introduction and cul-
tivation of a variety of new products, and we most earnestly hope the
present Legislature will give this subject their most careful consideration.
14
If we were to particularize, we would call attention to the following
articles, some of which have been partiallj^ tried in our State, and if
thoroughl}' tested, we believe all could be proved most valuable additions
to our agricultural products :
BEET SUGAR.
California imports annually about thirty million pounds of sugar and
about five hundred thousand gallons of molasses. The sugar co.sts our
people about four million five hundred thousand dollars, in gold ; the
molasses, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars; in all, four million
seven hundred and fifty-thousand dollars. This amount of gold is .^hipped
from the State annually to pay for these two articles. On the sugar we
pay an iniport duty of an average of four cents per pound, equal to one
million two hundred thousand dollars; on the molasses we ])ay a duty
of about five cents per gallon, equal to twenty-five thousand dollars;
making our annual duty on sugar and molasses, one million seven hun-
dred and fiftj' thousand dollars. This last sum is simply a tax on the
consumers, which is paid b}'' them in the proportion to the amount con-
sumed, and hence it falls upon the poor much more heavily than uj)on
the rich.
Now, we believe all this sugar and molasses can just as w^ell be pro-
duced within our State as any where else, and thus save within the State
the annual sum of four million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars,
to be distributed among our own people, and principally among the day
laborers, for labor performed during the winter season — the idle season.
We all believe this, and yet we do not know it. Capitalists will not
take their money from investments where it paj's them from twelve to
eighteen per cent, per annum to invest in uncertain experiments, unless
some extra inducement is offered them. Nor is it right that they should
be asked to do so, for every citizen in the State is to some extent inter-
ested in the experiment, and should, therefore, pay a proportion of the
expense of making such experiment. Now, suppose the Legislature
were to off'er a premium of two cents a pound, one-half the tax we are
now paying on imported sugar, for say the first one million two hundred
and fift}^ thousand pounds produced from beets within the State. The
whole amount of this tax, if the sugar were produced, ^ould be twenty-
five thousand dollars, the amount we noAV pay annually as duty on
molasses. This sum, we have no doubt, would be sufllicient to induce
people to enter into the business with energ}' and capital sufficient to
secure success, and, wMthin five years, to produce all the sugar and
molasses we consume.
Then, what would be the financial operation resulting to the people of
the State? Simply this : That, by the payment of twenty-five thou-
sand dollars to our own peojile, and principally to laborers, they would
have added to the working capital of the State the sum of four million
seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars. And while the premium would
onlj' be paid once, four million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars
would be added to the capital of the State each 3'ear, so long as the pro-
duction of sugar and molasses should equal the present consumption ; and
if the production should be doubled, as it probably would be in a few
years — for we could always find a read}' market for all we could ]»roduce
— the saving to our State would be at the rate of nine million five hun-
dred thousand dollai's per annum, and so on, in an increasing ratio.
We are ii;lad to be able to state that the Sacramento Beet Sutj^ar Com-
15
pany, whose farm and experimental factory are located on the south side
of the American River, some four miles from Sacramento, have proved
beyond all doubt the practicability and success of this industr}' in our
State. They have secured, in their first experiment, with new, rough
and imperfect machinery, and from beets of very poor qualit}-, a product
of sugar equal to seven per cent, of the beets experimented on. This is
within about one per cent, of the average product in Europe, where
experiments in every department of the business have been in operation
for years, with a view to increase the per cent, of product in the greatest
possible ratio.
This we consider an exceedingly good and promising beginning, under
the circumstances. The land on which their beets were grown is by far
too wild and rich for the production of beets for this purpose. The
beets grown on it are too rank and too large, containing too great a pro-
portion of water to secure the greatest j-ield of sugar. Experience has
proven that the best sugar land is that which will produce the best
wheat or secrete a good supply of saccharine matter in grapes. No one
would select an alluvial soil, already as rich as nature could make it, cov-
ered with a recent deposit of sediment, either for wheat or grapes. Nor
is such soil at all adapted to the production of beets for sugar. When
the proper quality of soil shall be selected, and the manufacture of sugar
in our State shall be commenced under favorable circumstances, we have
no doubt it will prove as successful and profitable here as in any other
part of the world.
TEA CULTURE.
The tea consumed in California costs the consumers about two million
dollars annually. In our last report, we called the attention of the
Legislature to the generall}^ entertained opinion, among persons who
had visited the tea producing portions of China and other Asiatic coun-
tries where the plant is cultivated, that the western slope of the Sierras,
running the Avhole length of the State, is as-^vell adapted to the produc-
tion of this article as any of the countries named. We now call atten-
tion to the fact that, since that time, a company of Japanese tea cultur-
ists have come to our State for the purpose of engaging in this industry.
They have located in El Dorado Count}', where they have purchased a
considerable tract of land and planted a small tea nurser}-. Though
their arrival here was quite late in the season, and their commencement,
consequentl}', was made under very unfavorable circumstances, their
experience so far gives them great encouragement and promises final
success. We entertain strong hopes that the effort to introduce this new
and rich industry among us may not be allowed to fail for want of any
necessary encouragement, and that we may, at no distant day, be able tO"
produce enough for our own consumption and contribute no small share
of the forty-five million pounds of tea annually consumed by the other
States of the Union.
It could, by the same process of reasoning, be shown that judicious
bounties, offered for the production of tea, would be followed by the
same beneficial results to the State as in the case of sugar from beet
root.
RAISINS.
We have frequently called the attention of our people to the cultiva-
tion of this fruit, and pointed out the peculiar advantages our climate
offers, not only for the growing of the grape but curing of the raisin.
16
Experiments in manj^ portions of the State, on a small scale, have
proved the correctness of our views, and have also, in our opinion,
shown that the industry could be so mana<j;ed as to be veiy profitable.
The importation of raisins into our State is about fifty thousand boxes
a year, at a cost of from one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars
to two hundred thousand dollars. The importations of the United
States average about one million five hundred thousand dollars in value.
The process of making raisins is as simple as drying apples or any other
fruit. When the grapes are thoroughly ripe the}' are picked and spread
on tables, or on the ground, cleaned and prepared for that purpose.
Two or three weeks exposure to the sun, and turning once or tAvice,
perfects the process, and the raisins are ready for boxing and market.
The black Corinth grape flourishes in our climate as well as any other
variety, and the Zante currant has been made from it to some extent
and of very superior quality. This is a most useful and delicious fruit,
and its general introduction and cultivation would be a great acquisition
to the fruit product of the State.
THE MINING COUNTIES.
The decline of the mining interest has reduced the population and
wealth of these counties Avithin the last five or six years ver}- materially,
and it seems to be a serious question how this depopulation and growing
poverty is to be checked. It has been well suggested that the land
embraced in these counties, both mineral and agricultural, be survcA'ed
and sold to actual settlers. This portion of the State is in extent some
three hundred miles long and twenty miles wide, and a very large pro-
portion of it is known to be very superior for the cultivation of nearly
all varieties of fruit, and particularly for the culture of the grape and
production of raisins, wines and brandies. It is no doubt also peculiarly
well suited to tea and silk culture. By carrying out the above suggestion,
and offering proper inducements for the cultivation of these valuable
pi'oducts, and encouraging immigration from the countries in the middle
and south of Europe and Japan, these counties could at no distant day
be densely populated by a people skilled in these industi-ies. Thus a
portion of our State now going to decay would be rendered one of the
most productive, healthy and inviting portions of tha world — enriching
the State and the nation.
RICE CULTURE.
It is one of the strangest things in the history of California agriculture
• that the cultivation of this grain has never been undertaken. We have
thousands of acres of land, on the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin
Eivers, eminently suited in every respect to the successful and profitable
cultivation of rice. Probably the best explanation for the neglect of this
product is found in the general and chronic indisposition of the American
— and particularly the Californian — agriculturists to step out of the old
grooves and routines of cultivation learned by the examples of their
fathers.
We import and consume from forty million to fifty million pounds
of rice annuall}-, in our State, at a cost of about two million five hun-
dred thousand dollars. We have a large population among us well cal-
culated for this industry, and many of them are alread}' skilled in its
management. By directing their labor into this channel, it might be
17
made to contribute very materially to the wealth of the State, wliilc, at
the same time, the success of the enterprise would tend to stimulate the
reclamation and utilization of the hundreds of thousands of acres of tule
lands now comparatively worthless.
SILK CULTURE.
Through the successful experiments and untiring exertions of the late
Louis Prevost, a Frenchman by birth, assisted by a few friends, also
adopted citizens from the silk producing countries of Europe, this indus-
try was, some four or five years since, brought prominently before the
public. The conviction that our State was eminently adapted to the
culture of silk, and that its extensive cultivation would prove of great
benefit to the commonwealth, by increasing the labor and general pros-
perity of the country, as well as by inducing a most valuable immigra-
tion, became very general — almost universal.
The Legislature, at its sessions of eighteen hundred and sixty-six and
eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, passed laws offering premiums for the
cultivation of mulberry trees and the production of silk cocoons. These
laws have had the desired effect. They have not only induced a con-
siderable number of our native born and then resident adopted citizens
to engage in the business with energy and zeal, and with most gratifying
results, but they have attracted the attention of that class of foreigners
which they were intended to reach, and have already introduced into
our State a large number of most valuable immigrants, skilled in all the
various departments of this rich industry, and have also laid the founda-
tion for still greater valuable additions to our present population. Owing
to an unfortunate difference between the popular construction of these
laws, which was received and acted upon by those whom they induced
to engage in the business, and the construction latelj- placed upon them
by our Courts, we fear that very many of the benefits intended by the
Legislature and reasonably anticipated from the liberal execution of
them will be lost to our State.
The persons who were induced to go into the business were generally
agriculturists of small means, and in anticipation of promised assistance
in time of need, and relj'ing with implicit confidence upon such assist-
ance, they incurred expenses and contracted obligations which now,
without such assistance, it will be hard for them to meet.
Thus they are not only crippled in the prosecution of the business in
the future, but are to some extent disheartened and discouraged. Par-
ticularl}' is this the case with those of foreign birth, through whom, by
their influence with their friends in the old countries, it was anticipated
we should acquire a large immigration of valuable skilled labor.
We are credibly informed that the very extreme of claims that would
have been made on the State, under the most liberal construction of
these laws, as understood and acted upon by the claimants, would not
have exceeded twenty-five thousand dollars — a sum trifling when com-
pared to the benefits the people are likely to receive from the enterprise
which has, by the inducements held out, been introduced. We are also
informed that if this sum were granted to and distributed among the
claimants, it would at once be added to the capital already invested in
this valuable industry, thus encouraging its recipients to renewed exer-
tion, and securing, beyond a peradventure, the early and permanent
18
establishment of an industry in our State more valuable than were ever
our gold mines or ever will be some of the now leading agricultural pro-
ductions.
Considering the great value of our silk trade and consumption, tbo
successful cultivation of silk in California becomes a matter of tbe great-
est moment, and the State would make money by dealing liberally with
those who, in the true spirit of unterprise, have taken the lead in that culti-
vation. The United States import, on an average, over thirty million
dollars in value, of silks, per annum. The import duty on the same is
over sixteen million dollars, being a little over lifty per cent, on cost of
invoiced prices. It will be seen, therefore, that the annual export of
gold from California to pay for foreign silks imported can not be less
than two million dollars. This sum is taken from tlie industr}^ of our
own people, and goes to enrich foreign capitalists and to pay foreign labor.
SILK MANUFACTURE.
The fact that California can raise the raw material euccessfully and
profitably is no longer a question. We have already a large number of
trees growing in the State and a goodly number of ])eople engaged in
the business, and we must not let it fail. It is too valuable an indus-
try. But the mere production of the raw material is but of sn^all con-
sideration compared to the manufacture of this material into the various
forms of fabrics for general use. It is the manufacture of silk that gives
labor and capital profitable employment to a much greater extent than
the cultivation. France is a very large producer of silk, but she is also
a large importer of silk in its unmanufactured shape; while England is
the largest manufacturing country of silk goods in the world, she does
not i-aise a pound. All is imported, and her profits are made from this
branch of the industry. We are highly favored. We can both produce
and manufacture and reap the profits of the industry in all its branches.
A continuance of the encouragement of the production of cocoons, and
a liberal inducement for the establishment of factories, by legislative
action, we believe would result in great benefit to the State.
FLAX AND HEMP.
We would call the attention of our farmers to the cultivation of flax
and hemp. Both these plants are natives of our State, and experiments
in their cultivation show that the}' may both be very successfully culti-
vated in the rich alluvial soils of all our river bottoms and valleys.
Formerly, there being no factories here for working up the flax seed, or
for converting the fibres of these plants into cloth, there was no market
and no inducement for engaging in this branch of agriculture. Now,
there is a market for both seed and straw. The oil factory in San Fran-
cisco is using all the flax seed produced in the State, and importing
largely to keep the factor}^ running. The cultivation of flax for the seed
alone would prove much more remunerative than wheat or barlc}' on
our river bottoms. It may be sown after the water of the rivers has
subsided, and mature well. An acre of ground will ])roduce, on an aver-
.age, two thousand pound of seed, which is worth four cents a pound,
giving eighty dollars as the product per acre for seed alone. The yield
of straw will be from two to three tons per acre. This, in the Atlantic
States, is worth from twent}' dollars to thirt}' dollars per ton. The
immense demand for bags and bagging material on this coast, estimated
19
at not less than one million dollars in value annually, has induced some
of our woollen factories and the cotton factor}' to turn their attention to
the manufacture of burlaps and other ba^^i^ing material from flax and
hemp straw, and that the latter is now offering twenty dollars per ton
for the straw of the fjirmer. At these prices, then, land ma}- be made
to yield at the rate of over one hundred dollars ])er acre. This branch
of agriculture has been sadly neglected. From oflScial reports we learn
that the value of flax and hemp, and goods manufactured from them,
imported into the United States in eighteen hundred and sixty-six, was
twenty-four million one hundred and fiftj'-nine thousand one hundred
and eighty-nine dollars. This is about the average of the annual impor-
tation, and it does not show well for a country of unsurpassed natural
advantages for the culture of these products and their manufacture. As
a redeeming feature, however, there Avas in the same year imported
machineiy expressly for the manufacture of these articles, of ninety-
seven thousand four hundred and twenty-one dollars in value. While
this machinerj' should also be made in the United States, as it will be,
still it shows that the industry is commanding increased interest
throughout the country, and we hope the farmers of California will give
it their attention.
CASTOR OIL BEAN.
The soil and climate of our State is peculiarly adapted to the growth
of the castor bean. The plant here, in good localities, becomes a peren-
nial tree, bearing its annual crop like our fruit trees, and the average
yield per acre, b}' the actual experiment of the few who have engaged in
the business, is from one thousand five hundred to two thousand pounds
per annum. The oil fixctory at San Francisco pays for the beans four
cents per pound, making the crop average from sixty dollars to eighty
dollars per acre. The small bean only should be planted. The tree of
the large bean grows too large for gathering the crop, and is not so good
a bearer.
RAMIE OR CHINESE GRASS.
This is a fibrous plant of the nettle species. There are a number of
varieties, known by different botanical names, natives of China and other
countries and islands in the south of Asia. Grass cloths have long been
manufactured by the Chinese, from the different varieties of these plants
or grasses. Ramie, or the variety botanically named Boehmeria tenacis-
sima, was introduced into Calcutta from Bencoola, as early as eighteen
hundred and three. In eighteen hundred and fourteen it was experi-
mented on in England to a considerable extent, and with favorable
results as to the beauty and strength of its fibre. The difficulty of sep-
arating the fibre from the gummy substances prevented its being used
for practical manufacturing purposes to any extent, until eighteen hun-
dred and forty-nine. At that time a process was discovered, of soaking
the stalks in cold and tepid water, and then boiling them in a solution of
alkali for twenty-four hours, and again washing in cold water and sub-
jecting to a high pressure of steam. This discovery removed, to a great
extent, the difficult}'' of practically using the fibre in manufacturing, and
since that time it has been used to a considerable extent in some of the
factories of England, in connection with cotton. With cotton it makes
a fine, lustrous, silky cloth, strong and durable. In eighteen hundred
and sixtj^-seven, the British imports of this fibre equalled sixty-five
thousand two hundred and eight pounds, and it was worth nineteen
20
cents a pound, while cotton was worth twonty-one cents a pound, and
the import of the fatter was one billion two hundred and sixty-two mil-
lion five hundred and thirty-six thousand nine hundred and twelve
pounds. This fact is mentioned to show its relative value in the com-
mercial and manufacturing world at that time. Ramie seed was brought
from Jamaica in eighteen hundred and sixty-five, to the United States,
and it has since that time been cultivated in the experimental gardens
at ^Yashington, with good success. In eighteen hundred and sixty-seven
it was introduced into the vicinity of New Orleans, by M. Roezl, and a
great excitement was created in regard to its cultivation. Single roots
sold at a dollar each. A writer in the Agricultural Report of eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, says : " Exaggerated representations have been
made, and it is feared that the ardor of experimenters may be cooled by
disappointment." That it is a rapid grower cannot be doubted, as it is
asserted that from a single root more than one thousand plants have
been obtained in a single year. That the rich bottom lands along our
river borders are well adapted to its cultivation, and that it can be pro-
duced hero in immense quantities, there is no doubt. We would recom-
mend its introduction and experimental cultivation by our farmers, in
these districts, to test the question whether it can be made to pay as a
staple product. The plant is grown and propagated by a division of the
roots, by layers and by cuttings. The second year the stalks, in good
soil, grow to the height of six or eight feet, and by harvesting the first
growth when mature, it will again shoot up from the roots and produce
the second crop, equal to, if not greater than the first. With facilities
for its manufacture, which will doubtless be supplied if the product
proves a success, we think the whole industry might be rendered satis-
factorily remunerative.
GRAPE CULTURE.
It seems like repeating an old stor%' to recapitulate the advantages of
the soil and climate of California for the cultivation of the grape. The
prevailing disposition of our agriculturists to produce but a single lead-
ing staple — grain, apparently without inquiry as to whether other pro-
ducts could be rendered more j^rofitable, justifies a frequent reference to
and discussion of this subject. There is scarcely an i!cre of good wheat
land in the State that is not also good grape land; the exception being
on the coast, in the range of prevailing fogs. On the other hand, there
are thousands of acres of the most excellent graj^e land in the world
which is valueless for wheat or other grain. This latter qualitj- of land
will be sought for and highly prized in a few years, by those M'ho pro-
pose to make a specialty of grape, silk and tea culture. We refer to the
foot-hills of the Coast and Sierra ranges of mountains. But what we
want at present is to impress upon our grain farmers the many advan-
tages of cultivating a variety of products, instead of depending, as they
do now, almost solely on grain. The}^ will, in this way, find farming not
only a much more agreeable and attractive, but a far more luci-ativo
employment. We have taken considerable pains to inquire into the relative
profits from land devoted to grape culture and that of wheat, in some of
the grain producing sections of the State. Yolo Count}', for instance,
is one of the best wheat producing counties, and one that has the best
facilities for moving that wheat to market. For a few 3'ears past, some
of the more enterprising farmers in this county have been planting vines,
until there are now a number of valuable vineyards interspersed with
21
the wheat fields, and a good opportunity is thus here presented for this
investii^ation. We will state it hero, as a fact, that the grape crop
throughout the State, for eighteen hundred and 6ixt3'-nine, was much
less than for eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and other former years.
The season was one of the most unfavorable for this crop ever known. In
Yolo County the yield was but one-half — the average this year being about
three tons per acre, against six tons last year. The entire grape crop
of the county this year is estimated at a thousand tons, about four hun-
dred tons of which were sold at twenty dollars per ton, and were taken
from the county for distilling purposes. The balance were made into
wines and brandies within the county, and sold or used for other pur-
poses. Taking those sold as the average value of the crop, we have
sixty dollars per acre as the gross proceeds of the vine. The gross
proceeds of the wheat crop per acre, on the same quality of soil, did not
exceed twentj'-five dollars. This shows a decided advantage of grape
culture over wheat, even when the grape crop was but one-half its usual
quantity and value. This great advantage of immediate profits is not
the only consideration in favor of grape culture over wheat. While the
cultivation of wheat exhausts and depreciates the soil, grapes tend to
recuperate and enrich it. While the wheat crop grows less and less an-
nually, that of the grape is constantly on the increase. While wheat
requires annual planting, grape vines, once planted, will continue to bear
fifty or more years.
Again, our product of wheat is already largely in excess of home con-
sumption, and we are obliged to seek a foreign market for the surplus
and pay heavy freights, interest and insurance before it reaches the con-
sumer. Not so with the products of the vine. Of these we are still
large importers to supply our home consumption. The value of wines
and liquors imported this year reaches nine hundred and eighteen thou-
sand five hundred and thirty-six dollars.
Another consideration : The most valuable commerce is that between
different portions of our own country. Thus our own countr}- will reap
all the benefits, and there are no duties, either import or export ; while the
market for our surplus wheat is in foreign countries, we will have a
market for all our surplus wines and brandies for a long time to come in
the Atlantic States.
In the above estimates we have considered the grape product only
with reference to its value for wines and liquors. The culture of the
best varieties for the table and for the Eastern markets will be found
much more profitable. This year the Muscat of Alexandria vines,
within an easy market distance from San Francisco, have netted their
owners at the rate of from three hundred dollars to six hundred dollars
per acre. The Flame-colored Tokay have netted, in one instance, over
one thousand dollars per acre, while the Black Hamburg. Black Mal-
voisic. G-olden Chas.sales and White Tokay have netted over four hundred
and fifty dollars. The great vineyards of the common California grape
have paid their owners at the rate of one hundred dollars per acre clear.
In this connection we would remark that no more favorable time for
commencing vineyards has ever been presented in California. By the
railroad overland our market for the best table varieties has been
increased a hundred fold, and, as our wines become more generally
known, they will be more generally used, to the exclusion of those of for-
eign brands. We would say, then, to those who have land adapted to
the culture, plant vineyards.
22
FRUITS.
California is one of the best fruit producing countries in the world.
The quality of our fruits is unsurpassed, and we grow as great a variety
as any other portion of the earth embraced in an equal area of territory.
The common varieties — such as apples, peaches, pears, plums, apricots
and nectarines — are produced in quantities more than equal to home con-
sumption, and yet we are large importers of dried fruits of some of
these same varieties. Our importations of dried apples for tliis year
will not be less than six thousand barrels. And this in the face of the
fact that hundreds of thousands of bushels of apples, far superior in
qualit}^ to the imported, were allowed to go to decay under our trees.
Such facts are not much to the credit of our orchardists, and we hope
for better management in the future.
EXPORTING GREEN FRUITS.
All fruits in the Atlantic States seem to be decreasing both in quantity
and quality. The cause of this fact can only be explained on the suppo-
sition of a gradual change of climate, unfavorable to fruit culture.
These facts, in connection with the fact that fruits of the same varieties
ripen earlier in our State than there, may be turned very much to our
advantage if we can lay ours down in tlie Eastern cities in good order
and at cheap freights. This experiment has been tried this j'car, with
varied success. Some shipments have gone through in fine condition,
and have paid well, while others have been almost an entire loss to the
shippers. There has been about three hundred tons of pears, apples,
grapes and ])lums sent out of the State for the East, by railroad. The
opinion of shippers is, that fruit of all kinds, for so long a trip by rail,
should be packed in smaller boxes. Say for pears and apples, packages
from ten to fifteen pounds, and for grapes not exceeding five pounds
should be used. While pears and apples should be picked and shipped
before thej' are quite ripe, grapes should be fnUy ripe before taken from
the vine. Pears and apples should be picked in the middle of the day and
exposed to the sun at least one day before packing. Grapes should also
be picked in the middle of the day and allowed to lay in heaps until they
have passed through a sweating process, and then thoroughly dried and
exposed to the sun at least a day before packing. With care and expe-
rience we have no doubt the business may be made highly remunerative,
and will encourage the greater production of varieties adapted to this
trade. The average price netted for pears in good order was about
fifteen cents a pound. Grapes of Muscat of Alexandria, Flame-colored
Toka}', and Black Hamburg varieties, netted thirty cents, while the
native California grape brought twenty cents a pound.
ORANGES, LEMONS, LIMES AND OLIVES.
All these fruits, of excellent quality, have for man}- years been pro-
duced with good success in the south coast counties of the State. A few
isolated trees of all these fruits have, within a few j-ears past, come into
bearing in man}' other localities. The quality of the fruit and the beai'-
ing habits of the trees show conclusively that nearly all portions of the
State are well adapted to their successful cultivation. These fruits can
all be shi])ped great distances without injury, and it is believed that they
can be cultivated here for the markets of the Atlantic States with good
23
success and profits. Compared with other fruits, the trees are slow in
coming into bearing; but when once grown, they live and bear to u
great age. The oranges, lemons and limes produced in Los Angeles are
mostly natural fruit, and the trees bear at about seven 3-ears of age. At
ten years they bear on an average, about one thousand five hundred
specimens of fruit each. They are worth, in the orchards, from two to
three dollars a hundred. About one hundred trees arc generally planted
on an acre of land. By this statement it will be seen that the product
of an acre of land planted with oranges or lemons is about four thousand
five hundred dollars a year.
It would probabl}^ take California fifty years to supply the demand for
our own and the Atlantic States, and the States constantly coming into
existence in the interior of the country, if her fruit growers were all to
enter into the business with energy. The subject is wortbj^ the consid-
eration of our people.
BERRIES.
The cultivation of the different varieties of small fruits is being engaged
in, in some portions of the State, very extensively, and with satisfactory
results. It is estimated that the product of the different varieties for
this year is as follows: Strawberries, one thousand tons; blackberries,
two hundred and ten tons; raspberries, one hundred and sixty tons;
currants, two hundred tons. The average price of strawberries and
blackberries has been about ten cents per pound to the producer ; that
of raspberries and currants, about thirteen cents. At these rates, the
value of the product of the State has been about three hundred and
thirty-five thousand five hundred dollars. Alameda and Santa Clara
Counties are by far the largest producers of these berries, and
San Francisco is the principal consumer, though they arc shipped to
nearly all portions of the State accessible by railroad. The foot-hills,
both of the Coast Range and Sierras, are well adapted to the cultivation
of these berries, as well as most of the valleys The berries of the foot-
hills are, however, much higher flavored and more delicious fruit than
those of any of the valleys. It is a notable fact, that while these excel-
lent and healthful berries are among the products of agiiculture, the
farmers of the State, as a class, are among the smallest consumers. Eveiy
farmer should and could raise his own fruits and berries of every descrip-
tion, and enjoy them.
CRANBERRY CULTURE.
We believe that this valuable berry has never been cultivated to an}'-
extent in our State. There is no doubt, however, that their cultivation
can be made a successful and very profitable business. The cranberry
requires an alluvial soil, with water^near the surface, and flourishes best
in a mixture of peat or vegetable mould and a coarse washed sand. In
the Atlantic States the best mould is found and prepared by working
and levelling, and then the sand, frequently from a great distance and at
great expense, is carted onto and mixed with it. In our State we have
thousands of localities, embracing thousands of acres, where this work is
already done by the washing of the very best quality of sand from the
mines over marsh holes and soft tule beds. Good land in the Atlantic
States for the cultivation of the berry is worth from one to three thou-
sand dollars per acre, and a single crop of berries has. from one acre,
been known to yield to its owner the nice sum of one thousand dollars,
24
the fair average yield being from tliree hundred to five hundred dollars
in value. The cranberry crop of New Jersey for this year \h valued at
two million five hundred thousand dollars. We cannot state the annual
consumption of our State, but it is very large, and its supply by home
production would be an item of profit to individuals and value to the
State. The cultivation is being commenced in Alpine County, and should
be in manj- others.
VEGETABLES AND VEGETABLE GARDENS.
It is the pride and boast of every Californian that our markets are
well stocked with vegetables of nearl}^ every description known and
valued in the world, and of the most superior quality, every month in
the year. It is one of the highest recommendations of our climate and
State, that these vegetables are all grown in the open air, and are afforded
at prices so low as to be within the reach of all. With the exception of
potatoes, they are produced mostly by our foreign population, such as
Portuguese, Italians, Germans and Chinese, in the vicinity of the towns
and cities, who make gardening a speciultj'. They are picked each day,
and are brought into market in the early morning, when fresh and inviting
and healthy. Potatoes are grown extensively in the coast counties, in
the river bottoms and in the mountain districts. The best potatoes in
the State come from the Sierra Nevadas, at about the altitude of Dutch
Flat, or three thousand five hundred feet.
One of the most remarkable features connected with California agri-
culture is the almost entire absence of vegetable gardens in the best
agricultural districts. Farmers, whoso tables, above all others, should
and could be well supplied, the yeav round, with the greatest abundance
of delicious vegetables, fresh each da}^ from their own gardens, are noto-
riously the poorest supplied with these luxuries of any other class of
people in the State; and, strange to say, what they do have generally
come from the vegetable dealers in the towns and cities, and are stale
and uninviting. Vegetable pedlers buy their supplies in the towns and
cities, and make their regular trips among the grain raisers in the coun-
try to sell them. This anomalous state of affairs is brought about by
two causes — first, that the soil of our grain land is not so well adapted
to the production of vegetables as grain, and next, to en indisposition on
the part of the farmers themselves to cultivate in the garden. Time to
do so is certainly- not wanting, for garden work could and should be
done in the winter here, and early spring, when the other work of the
farm is slack. Half an acre of ground, properly prepared and judiciously
cultivated in a variety of garden produce, would yield more real profit
to the farmer than five times that amount sown to grain. It would
employ his idle moments, stimulate him to useful experiments, and be
the means of bringing up his boj'S to habits of industrj', besides furnish-
ing his table with a constant supply of health producing luxuries, to
which, under the present system of management, it is a stranger. The
man who cultivates a garden well insensibly becomes a good and success-
ful farmer, and he who neglects to cultivate an}' garden at all, just as
insensibly, but surelj^ becomes a slovenish and unsuccessful J'armer.
Besides, if there was no other reason why our farmers should all have
gardens, both for flowers and vegetables, attached to their houses, the
fact that they contribute so niuch to the general home appearance and
beauty of a place, and to the country at large, would be a suflicient
argument in their favor. The}- would enhance the value of land in the
26
country, and give the appearance of thrift and happiness, where now
their absence is indicative of negligence and discontentment. A good
garden is an index of a good farm — a key to agricultural prosperity.
Could we induce our farmers to cultivate gardens, we would have some
hopes that the day of burning straw and stubble had passed, and that
the time had come when a diversified and prosperous agriculture was
about to be inaugurated in our State.
CALIFORNIA GRASSES.
At the time of the great influx of people into California, her vast
plains were covered with wild oats, annually volunteering and producing
an abundance of food for stock the year round. Along the river bot-
toms not covered with timber the soil was well covered and sodded with
native nutritious grasses, so that the whole country was well calculated
for the purposes to which it had been most exclusively devoted — stock
raising. Cultivation has destroyed the oats on the plains and the grasses
on the river bottoms to such an extent that when not under crops, weeds
are the natural and almost the only product of the soil. The long dry
seasons recurring every summer kill out all ordinary varieties of grasses
and clovers, such as timothy, red top, red and white clover, etc., whose
roots do not extend deep enough into the soil to place them beyond the
effects of the annual drouths. Hence it has been a matter of great
moment to find and introduce some varieties of grasses that can be sub-
stituted for the original prevailing native grasses of the country. It was
very desirable to find varieties that would take deep root and thus become
perennial. Experiments have been going on by some of our enterprising
farmers and scientific men, encouraged and assisted by this Board, with
many different kinds, both native and foreign, but generally with but
poor success, the annual drouths proving too severe for a continuous
growth and even for perennial life, except as to one variety, the seed of
which was imported from Chile and hence called
CHILE CLOVER, OR ALFALFA.
This clover seems to be especially adapted to the peculiarities and
wants of the country. It has been thoroughly tested for years, both on
the rich alluvial soils of the river borders and on the higher lands of the
plains, and has proved satisfactorily successful in all localities. Its roots
strike deep into the soil, in the form of what we generally term tap roots.
On the borders of some of our rivers they have been known to penetrate
seventeen feet below the surface. On the uplands, deeply plowed and
well tilled, they will find constant moisture suflicient to produce rapid
growth the jear round. For hay this clover, when cut in proper condi-
tion, when in bloom, is of good quality for stock of all kinds, and espe-
cially for milch cows.
It will produce three and four crops a year — say in April, May, June
and July — averaging from a ton to a ton and a half at each cutting.
After the last crop it continues to grow rapidly, and furnishes a very
large amount of feed for stock, as pasturage, the balance of the year.
We have the testimony of good dairymen, to the effect that cows taken
from the native grasses, and pastured on fields of Chile clover, will
increase in the product of milk and butter, or cheese, from sixty to
2()
seventy per cent. Also, that one aero of land, well seeded with it, will
produce more pasturage in a year than ten acres of the same quality of
land will in the native grasses.
It is the opinion of our best sheep raisers, that sheep grazed on this
clover, in a constant green condition, as we have seen it may be kept,
will not be troubled with the diseases of the skin so prevalent among
the flocks of this country, when allowed to roam over our dry ]>lain8 for
a scant}" subsistence during the summer months; also, that upon such
pasture the practice of semi-annual shearing may be dispensed with.
This practice has been adopted here for the purpose of remedying the
diseases referred to, and if it can be dispensed with, it will add materially
to the value of the wool clip of the State, and dispense with half the
present cost of shearing. Our wools now, besides being rendered less
valuable, from the shortness of the fibre, arising from the practice
referred to, suffer materially in quality, from the poor condition to
which our flocks are annually reduced by scarcitj' of pasturage. This
may be remedied, also, by seeding down their ranges with this ever-
green clover. Comparativel}' a small area of land will be required to
feed our present flocks, so that, by adopting the course suggested, our
sheep raisers could curtail their ranges or proportionately increase their
flocks, while, at the same time, they would increase the condition and
pi'ofits of their flocks. We submit the above facts and considerations
for the benefit of all classes of agriculturists. The grain grower may find
in them an inducement to cease the exclusive production of wheat, and
turn a part of his land and apart of his attention to the dairy business and
wool and mutton growing. By so doing he may restore his exhausted
soil to something like its normal state of productiveness, and, in the
meantime, add very much more to his individual savings and to the
general wealth of the country. To the dairymen they may suggest the
readiest means of increasing their own incomes, by appropriating to
themselves a part of the immense sums of gold now shipped from the
State to enrich their Eastern competitors. Our importations of butter
and cheese for the past ten years have cost us over a million and a half
of dollars annually, and, now that the railroad has brought us into more
direct competition with the dair3Mnen of the Eastern States, we must go
into the business with more energy, and conduct it Avith better tact, or
their share of its profits will increase and ours decreaa*.
Our wool clip for the past season is, in round numbers, fifteen million
five hundred thousand pounds, an increase since eighteen hundred and
sixty-seven of about fifty per cent ; but our pasturage is growing short
and our ranges are being curtailed by the occupancy of lands for other
agricultural purposes. Our sheep men must decrease their flocks or
adopt a change in management.
The following facts indicate that something of this kind is becoming
necessary : The increased production of wool for the five 3'ears, from
eighteen hundi-ed and sixty-three to eighteen hundred and sixty-eight,
was at the rate of one million five hundred and ninety-one thousand
three hundred and forty-two pounds per year, while the increase of the
clip of eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, over eighteen hundred and sixty-
eight, was but five hundred and twenty-two thousand six hundred i)0unds.
This want of increase in the last j'car is not owing to a want of increase
in the number of sheep, but rather to an insuflicienc}' of footl.
In considering such change, the facts above presented may be of
benefit.
27
DISEASED CATTLE.
In our last biennial report we called the attention of the Legislature to
this subject, and suggested, that as it was well known that there had
existed for several years back a disease among the cattle of Texas, called
the Texan fever, that this disease was very destructive wherever it spread,
and that there was danger of its being introduced into our own State
with droves of Texan cattle, proper legislation should be had to avoid
the danger. We i-epeat those suggestions, and would now enforce them
by stating as a fact what what we then could state oulj- in anticipa-
tion, viz : That large droves of cattle are already arriving in this State
from Texas. Though no disease is reported among them, yet, coming
from an infected country and being in the hands of those whose interest
it would be to keep such reports from the public if disease did really
exist, they should be watched with vigilance. While we cannot inter-
fere with commerce between the States, we can protect ourselves or our
property, our cattle, from exposure to contagious disease, and when dan-
ger exists it becomes our duty to do so.
FISH BREEDING.
In some of the New England and Middle States the breeding of fish
in artificial ponds or lakes has become not only a very pleasant but val-
uable industry. In some instances it has been so profitable that the land
covered by the water of these lakes, and devoted to the production of
fish, has yielded, within two years from the time the lake was made and
fish introduced, at the rate of one thousand two hundred dollars per acre
a year.
California presents almost an endless number of localities where lakes
can be very cheaply made, and stocked with the finest varieties of trout
from our mountain lakes and elsewhere, and a profitable business thus
introduced. Such localities may be found all along the various natural
and artificial water-courses leading down through the foot-hills of the
coast ranges of the Sierras. Artificial lakes or ponds for this purpose
may also easily be made in those valleys where artesian wells furnish a
constant flow of living spring water.
TREE AND FOREST CULTURE.
We have frequently called the attention of our agriculturalists to this
subject, and have at different times urged action in its behalf by the
Legislature. No more important subject can be named for legislative
encouragement or for energetic action on the part of our people. We
are all interested in whatever affects the comforts of individuals and the
prosperity of the country. The subject of a plentiful supply of lumber
and wood for the various purposes of life is one that we cannot much
longer neglect. Whoever takes the trouble to look this subject fully in
the face, and reflects upon the future of California, must feel as we do,
that something should be done, and that immediately, looking to the
substitution of new forests in the place of the old ones in our State, now
so rapidly being consumed and destroyed. A full discussion of this
subject cannot be entered into in the short space allowable in a mere
report, where so many subjects of interest claims attention. But we
propose to notice some facts, and make some suggestions, which may
lead to further investigation, and we hope to energetic action.
28
TUE TIMBERED PORTIONS OF CALIFORNIA.
We have become so accustomed to speak of the forests of our State —
of our " Big Trees," as the grandest and most majestic in the world;
we hear so much of the vast quantities of timber and lumber being
shipped from those forests, to supply the nations of the earth with masts
and other heavy timbers for ship building and other purposes, that we
have thoughtlessly come to regard our supply of these materials, and of
materials for fuel, as practically inexhaustible. The facts are quite dif-
ferent. Although the forests we have are properly a subject of State
pride, thcj'- are as properly a subject of State protection. California is
far from being a well timbered country. Nearly all the timber of any
value for ship and general building purposes, or for lumber for general use,
is embraced within small portions of the Coast Range or the Sierra
Nevada districts. Redwood, the most valuable timber in the State, and
probably in the world, taking all its qualities into consideration, is prin-
cipally confined to the counties of Mendocino, Sonoma and Santa Cruz.
Monterey, Santa Clara and San Mateo contain but small tracts each, cov-
ered with this valuable timber. Humboldt, Trinity, Klamath and Del
Norte embrace nearly all the balance of the timber of value in the Coast
Range. It mostly consists of an inferior or hybrid redwood, spruce and
pine. The lumber district of the Sierra Nevada is principally embraced
in the counties of El Dorado, Placer, Nevada, Sierra, Plumas and Sis-
kiyou. Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa contain only scattering
clusters of valuable timber, though some of the largest and finest trees
in the world are found Avithin their borders. The timber of this district
is mostly different varieties of pine, spruce and cedar. The other moun-
tain counties of the State afford very little timber of any account for
building purposes or for lumber. The agricultural counties, as a general
thing, have only narrow strips of timber along the water courses, con-
sisting mostly of scrub oak, cottonwood, sycamore and willow, of but
little general value, except for wood. The surface of our best timbered
counties is not, in general, half covered with valuable timber. It is
therefore safe to estimate that not over one-twentieth of the surface of
the State is covered with forests containing trees valuable for timber or
lumber.
•
THE CONSUMPTION AND DESTRUCTION OF FORESTS.
It is now but about twenty years since the consumption of timber
and lumber commenced in California, and yet we have the opinion of
good judges, the best lumber dealers in the State, that at least one-third
of all our accessible timber of value is alread}'- oonsumed and destroyed I
If we were to continue the consumption and destruction at the same
rate in the future as in the past, it would require only forty years, there-
fore, to exhaust our entire pi*esent supply. This, in itself, seems like a
startling proposition, but let us look a little further and we shall find
truths and considerations more startling still. In the twenty j'cars to
come we will probably more than double our population, but let us
assume that we will only double it. As a general rule, in anew country,
the consumption of timber increases in about double the ratio of popu-
lation. Thus while the increase of population of the United States, from
eighteen hundred and fifty to eighteen hundred and sixt}", was thirty-
five and fifty-nine one-hundrcdths per cent., the increase of the consump-
tion of lumber was sixty-three and nine one-hundredths per cent. Upon
29
this basis and rule, the whole available lumber of our State will be con-
sumed and dcHtroj^ed in twenty years, instead of forty.
We must also take into consideration, in this connection, the fact that
we are now just entering upon an era of active public improvements, all
requiring the use of heavy timber and lumber.
The building of railroads, bridges, warehouses, wharves, factories, bulk-
heads and the timbering of mines, will probably consume ten times as
much lumber within the next twenty years as has been consumed for
these purposes in the past twenty. The building and equipping of rail-
roads may be considered a new and special element in the increased con-
sumption of lumber, as this business in our State has really but just com-
menced.
One of the worst features of the settlement of new countries by
Americans is the useless and criminal destruction of timber. In our
State this reckless and improvident habit has been indulged in to an
unprecedented extent.
Thousands upon thousands of the noblest and most valuable of our
forest trees in the Sierra Nevada districts have been destroyed without
scarcely an object or a purpose, certainly with no adequate benefit to
the destroj'cr or to any one else. This practice cannot be condemned in
too severe terms ; it cannot be punished with too severe penalties.
TIMBER NORTH AND SOUTH.
South of California, on the Pacific coast, there is but very little timber
or wood of any description. The Pacific South American States are, in
fact, dependent on us, and the coast States north of us, for nearly all
their lumber. They have been drawing heavily from these sources to
rebuild their wharves and public works destroyed by the earthquakes of
eighteen hundred and sixty-eight. On the north, Oregon, British pos-
sessions and Alaska are generally well timbered. We have, for the past
five 3'ears, been obtaining large quantities of lumber from these countries,
and now that the Central Pacific Eailroad has advanced the freight on
lumber from our own mountains fifty per cent, over former prices, our
trade in this direction will still increase.
While these countries contain a large supply of very excellent timber,
this supply is by no means exhaustless. At this time almost the whole
world is drawing its supply of heavy timber from the Northern Pacific
coast.
England, France, Australia, China, Japan, South America, Mexico and
the Sandwich Islands are all, more or less, engaged in securing their
wants for ship building and other heavy works from these valuable
forests. With the heavy drafts on these countries, added to their home
consumption, it is not probable that the supply will hold out much longer
than that of our own State.
HARD TIMBER.
In the above statements and estimates, we have only taken into
account such timber as is fitted for building and for lumber for general
purposes. As to hard wood, fit for wheelwright purposes and agricultu-
ral and other machinery, we may say there is none of it on this coast.
We have always either imported the machinery or the material to make
it of, from the Atlantic States. For ornamental work we have a limited
supply, the California laurel being very superior.
30
TIMBER FOR FUEL.
After what has been said above, we hardly need to comment on the
scarcity of timber in the State, for the general purposes of fuel. Taking
all the agricultural counties in the State together, inclucJing the cities
and towns within them, and considering the probable increase of popu-
lation, it is very doubtful whether, under present management, they will
be able to supply their own demands for fuel for ten j^ears to come.
While it will pay, in case of necessity, to freight lumber and heavy tim-
ber great distances by land, and to ship it by water half way round the
globe, it becomes ver}^ burdensome and oppressive to all classes of the
community to be compelled to convey wood, for domestic and manufac-
turing purposes, comparatively but small distances. To illustrate this
proposition, we need only to mention the fact, that while there is within
an area of twenty miles from either of the cities of Marysville, Stockton
or Sacramento, a plenty of wood for a year or two's supply, and it costs
but tAvo dollars a cord to have it cut, yet the present price of wood in
each of these cities is about ten dollars a cord. Even at this high price,
the owner of wood land thirty miles from Sacramento, on the line of the
Central Pacific Eailroad, can make that wood net him only one dollar
and a half a cord, delivered in the city. These facts show how extremely
expensive and oppressive it would be to undertake to supply the cities
of the State with wood from the distant mountains. And yet what other
resource will be left, a very few 3'ears hence ? California should, at no
distant da}', become one of the greatest manufacturing States of the
Union, but Avherc will we obtain the fuel with which to generate the
steam that propels the machinery ? Again, a new element of calculation
on this subject has just been introduced among us, and will grow rapidly
in the future. We refer to the consumption of fuel by the railroads.
There is now in the State, completed and in operation, about seven hun-
dred miles of road. In a year from now, it is safe to say, there will be
over a thousand. Call it one thousand even. It requires one and three-
fourths cords of wood, with an ordinary train, to drive an engine twenty-
five miles. Now assuming that an average of ten trains a day will then
be running over this one thousand miles of road, for three hundred and
twenty da3's in the year, and we have a distance of three million two
hundred thousand miles travelled in thej-ear. As ea(4i twenty-five miles
of diijtance travelled will consume one and three-fourths cords of wood,
the consumjition of one thousand miles of road will be two hundred and
twenty-four thousand cords per year. In twent}' years we will probably
have four thousand miles of road comi)leted, averaging twenty instead
of ten trains per day, and consuming one million seven hundred and
ninety-two thousand cords of wood per annum. This, added to the
increased consumption for all the other purposes of life, will make rapid
inroads into the few sparsely wooded portions of our State, if there
should indeed be any trees left standing at that time.
EFFECTS OF SCARCITY OP LUMBER AND WOOD.
The first effect of a scarcity of lumber and wood Avill be to enhance
the cost. We have already noticed the high price of wood delivered in
our cities. Luml)er has not enhanced ver}- much in value for the last
ten years, but indirectly. The cost of cutting, manufacturing and get-
ting to market has been decreasing, while the cost to the consumer has
remained the same. It is the opinion of dealers that it will soon appro-
31
ciate in value vcr}* matcriall}'. It cannot be otherwise, as \vc have
Hhown that the demand will increase rapidly apd the suppl}'- decrease.
Even now the cost and scarcit}' of these articles is having an oppressive
effect on every industrj' in the State. The ex])ense of agricultural
implements and tools here, over their cost in the Eastern States, is
alread}' operating as a serious drawback upon the thrift and profit of
our farmers, brought in close competition, as they now arc, -with their
neighbors of the Western Atlantic States. The cost of lumber for
building and fencing, in most of our agricultural districts, obtained, as
it is, at a distance of hundreds of miles awa}*, is even now so great that
our farmers are among the poorest housed people of any agricultural
conimunit}' in the Union, where the country has been settled an equal
length of time. Their crops and stock are but poorly sheltered, if at
all, and their farms are worse than poorly fenced. To the expense of
lumber, more than to any other cause, must be attributed the general
dilapidated appearance of our agricultural districts. Efforts to improve-
ment in these respects lead to a forced system of farming; too frequent
cropping, and little or no nursing of the land; to that sameness of pro-
duction which we have had cause so severely to condemn. The cost of
lumber and of wood is already discouraging every mechanical, every
manufacturing, and every commercial industry of the State, for the use
of these articles is in some way an important element in them all. The
advancement of all our towns and cities in building and improvement is
being even now retarded verj- much, directly and indirectl}-, by the cost
of these necessar}' articles of life. The cost of houses enhances the
prices of rent. The price of rent and cost of wood add materially to
the general expenses of living, and these in turn enhance the price of
labor of every kind, and consequently decrease the production and retard
the general prosperity and improvement of the cities and country. If
this be the case now, when we are so young and our population so thin,
■when the demand for these articles is increased twenty fold and the
supjily decreased in the same ratio, who can depict the condition of our
State?
CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF THE DESTRUCTION OF FORESTS.
We have estimated that not over one-twentieth part of the surface of
our State is now covered with heavy timber, and we believe we are
within the bounds of truth when we state that not over one-eighth
of the entire surface is covered with trees of any description whatever.
It is the opinion of the best judges, founded on historical facts, and a
long series of observations and experiments, that at least one-third of
the surface of any country should be forests. That this relation between
forest and cultivated land will secure the most advantageous conditions
of climate and the greatest amount of productions for the sustenance of
human and animal life. Fire has undoubtedly been the original and
active cause of so great a proportion of prairie or untimbered land within
our borders. Being once destroyed, the consequent climatic condition
of the country has prevented a re-production of the original forests.
Nature now, unassisted b}' man, can never eflt'ect that re-production
without some great physical revolution that will change the whole face
and features of the country. That the nakedness of the earth's surface
is the cause of the extreme wet and dry seasons in our State, and partic-
ularly of the destructive floods to which the valleys are subject, can not
for a moment be doubted by any one at all acquainted with the laws of
nature and the agency of those laws in the production and modification of
32
climates through the forests of a country. For want of space we cannot
enter into a full discussion of this important branch of tliis subject, but
will only state a historical fact in the language of one of the best authors
who has ever written on this subject.
Hon. G. P. Marsh, speaking of the effect of the destruction of forests
upon the different countries of the earth, says : " Tliere are parts of
Asia Minor, of Northern Africa, of Greece, and even of Alpine Europe,
where the operation of causes set in action by man has brought the face
of the earth to a desolation almost as complete as that of the moon.
The destructive changes occasioned by the agency of man upon the
flanks of the Alps, the Appenines, the Pj'renees and other mountain
regions in central and southern Europe, and the progress of physical
deterioration, have become so rapid that, in some localities, a sinyle gen-
eration has witnessed the beginning and the end of the melancholy
revolution."
Words could not more truthfully describe the effects produced by
similar causes in some portions of our own State. Mr. Marsh continues :
" It is certain that a desolation like that which has ovcrwlielmed man}'-
once beautiful and fertile regions of Europe awaits an important part of
the territory of the United States, unless prompt measui'cs are taken to
check the action of destructive causes already in operation." This last
remark applies with greater force to a large share of our own State than
many of us are aware of.
NATURAL REPRODUCTION OF FORESTS.
In countries where rains are of frequent occurrence during the summer
season, keeping the surface of the soil moist, vegetation, however deli-
cate and tender, once started in the spring of the 3'ear. continues to
grow until checked by the succeeding autumn or winter. By this time
the roots have obtained such a hold on the ground as to secure continued
life, unless destroj'ed by artificial causes. Not so in our State. The
dry season here follows so rapidly after the wet and germinating period,
that, without irrigation or cultivation, tender and delicate plants, like
young trees of all kinds grown from seed l^'ing on the surftice, as they
fall from the parent trees, are almost always dried up and destroyed
before they are four months old. Hence it is that a section of country
once stripped of trees and shrubbery, in our State, always remains
naked. Once a prairie alwaj's a prairie, until art comes to the assist-
ance of nature. Hence it is that wheresoever our forests have been cut
down and cleared away, allowing the rays of the sun to fall directly on
the soil, so few 3'oung trees, or trees of the "second growth." are to be
found.
REMEDIES FOR EXISTING AND IMPENDING EVILS.
The remedies for existing and impending evils, some of which we have
briefly noticed as growing out of the consumption and destruction of
our forests, are two fold. The one preventive and the other restorative.
Much ma}- bo done in various waj'S and through various sources, to dis-
countenance and prevent the useless and careless destruction of timber
and wood. Whatever can be <lone should be done at once. No means
and no opportunity to use pursuasion, argument or law to ])ut a stop to
this evil should be neglected. The influence of individuals, of associations,
of the various industrial organizations, whether agricultural, mechanical
or commercial, should bo exerted in calling attention to this subject and
38
warning the people of all classes and in all portions of the State of the
impending consequences of the useless and improvident destruction of
timber and wood. The press should take the matter up, and every news-
paper in the State should give it special attention, and endeavor, by the
presentation of facts, by argument and persuasion, to lead the people to
think on the subject, and to teach them prudence and economy in this
particular. The Legislature should exert its utmost influence and author-
ity to dissuade and prevent the continuance of practices so threatening
to the prosperity of the commonwealth. It should call the special atten-
tion of the General Government to this subject, and ask it to protect the
timber and wood on the public lands within the State from unneces-
sary destruction. If any timbered lands belong to the State or should
come into it.s possession, such as the school lands in the timbered and
mining districts, special care should be taken to see that waste be not
committed thereon. All laws upon the subject of fencing should be
framed with an aim to do away with the necessity of using timber for
this purpose as much as possible. B}' these means much good may be
accomplished in checking the rapid destruction of our forests and wood
lands, but a still greater field for the exertion of the same influence is
to be found in the inauguration of a system of reproduction by the exten-
sive cultivation of
ARTIFICIAL FORESTS.
Individuals who feel and see the importance of the subject, and who
have or can procure the land, can do much by example and by pressing
the matter on the attention of their neighbors. Industrial societies, by
calling the attention of the people to the importance of planting shade
and forest trees, and ofl'ering premiums and bounties for the same, can do
more. The press, too, can exercise a powerful influence in this direction
by showing its importance in the amelioi-ation of climate, the enhance-
ment of productions, and in beautifying and adorning the country, as
well as by presenting the forcible arguments in its favor, of convenience
and profits. But the Legislature can, by proper legislation, accomplish
more in this important work than can be accomplished by all other influ-
ences combined, and to this source principally must we look for the inau-
guration and accomplishment ot this great work of reproduction of
forests and woodlands within our borders. Liberal bounties or premiums
should be offered for the cultivation of forests and woodlands on every
farm or homestead throughout the agricultural portion of the State, and
means should be taken to secure the reproduction of the native forests
of the mountains. We most earnestl}' urge that ready action on this
subject be had, that the important work may be commenced the present
season, for while it will require thousands of years to reproduce a full-
grown forest tree, the present generation will probably witness the
destruction of all we have left of those magnificent forests with which
Nature has provided us. Other States are engaging in this enterprise
with energy and success, and that, too, when the necessity is not half as
great as is ours. New York, one of the best timbered States in the
Union, and one that has furnished the world with more lumber than any
other State, is ofl:"ering premiums and bounties, through her agricultural
societies, for the cultivation of trees in artificial forests. Iowa has already
fully inauguratad the important enterprise, and beautiful and luxuriant
groves of forest trees may now be seen ornamenting a large portion of
34
the farms tbrougbont nearly every county in the State. Nebraska, too, by
legislative action in eighteen hundred and sixty-five, offering bounties for
rows of ornamental shade trees along her highways, and for groves of
forests planted by the acre on private lands, is encouraging this valuable
industry, while tbe Constitutional Convention of Illinois is discussing
the propriety of engrafting provisions in tbe fundamental law, requiring
its encouragement by tbe several counties of tbe State. On the conti-
nent of Europe tbe several Governments have taken hold of tbis subject
and made it a national interest. There already the artificial forests rank
among the most valuable Government property. If we are not careful,
Europe will, in a very few years, own larger forests of our valuable red-
wood trees than California ever could boast of Germany alone has
already exported from this State thousands of dollars worth of the seeds
of these valuable trees, and the young forests growing from them are
the pride of that country. >
VARIETIES OF TREES.
Upon tbis subject there are various opinions as to what kinds should
be planted. It is probably well that this variety of opinion exists, as it
will likely lead to the planting of a greater number of kinds of trees,
and this is just what will lead to the greatest benefits. Experiments
have already fully demonstrated that nearly all varieties of trees found
within the extensive and varied territory of tbe United States can be
successfully grown in any particular locality. Trees from tbe extreme
South grow thriftily in the latitude of Boston, though not known in the
native forests there, and so the contrar3\ The different varieties of
pines fi'oai the summits of tbe Sierras grow well in our valleys, and the
trees of tbe valleys do well in tbe mountains. Tbe sugar pine from
Siski3^ou, the big trees from Calaveras, the redwood from Santa Cruz,
and the laurel from Mendocino, may all be seen growing with equal
luxuriance in the different gardens of Sacramento. Nearl}^ all the
varieties of trees found on tbe Eastern continents or in South America,
have, by actual experiment, been proven to flourish well here, so that
artificial forest culture has the advantage of concentrating all the useful
varieties of trees in the world, and will thus save the great expense of
freight on lumber of particular kinds from one counti^^' to another. It
is also a mistaken idea that valuable varieties of hard woods grown here
will be less valuable than when grown in their native countries. Locust
and white mulberr}^ trees grown within two miles of Sacramento are,
and have been so proven by experiment, as valuable as when grown in
JSIew York or Michigan.
In the commencement of a forest, we would only recommend that
those varieties of seeds or cuttings of plants that can be readily obtained
be planted at once, so as to make a beginning — to form a nucleus, and as
others can be procured, let them be added.
Tbe seed of tbe redwood and of tbe different varieties of pines and
cedar, as well as of all nut-bearing trees, can be gathered in almost any
quantity desired, in their season. Tbe cottonwood, tbe different varieties
of mulberry and poplars, can now be obtained in great quantities, and at
cheap rates, or they can bo propagated from slips and cuttings.
THE world's fair IN THE UNITED STATES.
The probabilities are, that before tbe Legislature assembles again
35
there will be held, somewhere within the United States, an international
exhibition of the products of the earth. Such an event should be made
the occasion of California, and no pains or money should be spared to
place before the world, on such an occasion, a truthful exhibition of the
products and resources of our State. We would suggest that proper
provision be made by the present Legislature to secure this object;
also, that provision bo made for the appointment of a competent person
as a State Commissioner, to visit such exhibition on behalf of the State,
and see to and explain our exhibition, and to represent the interests of the
State in an industrial point of view generally. Also, to report on the
progress of the industries of the world, as shown at the fair. The
results of such a course on our part could not fail to be greatly to the
advantage of our State in many ways, and not the least of such advan-
tages would be the impetus it would give to a desirable immigration to
our State.
CONCLUSION.
We have endeavored, in this communication, faithfully to point out
some of the defects of our present system of agriculture, though in doing
so we have been compelled to say some unpleasant things of some of
our farmers and some things disparaging to the credit of our State. We
have also endeavored to suggest what we believe to be the true remedies
for the defects and evils, as they exist. One particular object has been
to show the great advantages to be derived from a diversified agriculture
and to call attention to the introduction and cultivation of new and
valuable products. We now ask the Legislature to give these matters
the benefit of their moral influence and the impulse of material encour-
agement. We will also suggest that this policy, properly commenced
and faithfully carried out, will prove to bo the most efl:ectual and most
economical method of increasing the pojjulation of the State, and the
surest and best way of rendering that population, when here, of service
to themselves and of benefit to the commonwealth.
A great variety of paying industries will most assuredly attract a
valuable immigration and guarantee their prosperity and the prosperity
of the State.
In the volume of transactions of the society for eighteen hundred
and sixty-eight and eighteen hundred and sixty-nine will be found much
valuable information, and we recommend that provision be made for
publishing the usual number for the use of the members and for free
distribution.
Eespectfully,
C. F. REED,
President State Board of Agriculture.
KoBT. Beck, Secretary.
COMPILATION OF LAWS
RELATING TO THE
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A COMPILATION
OF ALL THE LAWS NOW IN FORCE RELATING TO OR
AFFECTING THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
AN ACT
TO INCORPORATE A STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AND APPROPRIATE
MONEY FOR ITS SUPPORT.
The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do
enact as follows :
Section 1. There is hereby established and incorporated a society to
be known and designated by the name and style of the " California
State Agricultural Society," and by that name and style shall have per-
petual succession, and shall have power to contract and be contracted
with, to sue and be sued, and shall have authority to have and use a
common seal, to make, ordain and establish, and put in execution, such
by-laws, ordinances, rules and regulations as shall be necessary for the
good government of said society, and the prudent and eflScient manage-
ment of its aifairs ; provided, that said laws, ordinances, rules and regu-
lations shall not be contraiy to any provision of this charter, nor the
laws and Cunstitution of this State or of the United States.
Sec. 2. In addition to the powers above enumerated, the society shall,
by its name aforesaid, have power to purchase and hold any quantity of
land not exceeding four sections, and may sell and dispose of the same
at pleasure. The said real estate shall be held by said society for the
sole purpose of establishing a model experimental farm or farms, erect-
ing inclosures, buildings and other improvements calculated and designed
for the meeting of the society, and for an exhibition of the various
breeds of horses, cattle, mules and other stock, and of agricultural,
mechanical and domestic manufactures and productions, and for no other
purposes.
And be it further enacted, That if, from any cause, said society shall ever
be dissolved, or fail to meet within the period of two consecutive years,
40 TEANSACTIONS OF THE
then the real estate held by it, together with all the buildings and appur-
tenances belonging to said estate, shall be sold as lands are now sold b}'
execution, and the proceeds deposited in the State treasury, subject to
the control of the Legislature.
AN ACT
SUPPLEMENTAL TO AN ACT TO INCOPtPORATE A STATE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY, APPROVED MAY THIRTEENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY-
FOUR, AND AMENDED MARCH TWENTIETH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND
FIFTY-EIGHT.
The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly^
do enact as follows :
Section 1. The general prudential and financial affairs of the society
shall be intrusted to a Board of Agriculture, to consist of a President
and nine Directors, five of whom shall constitute a quorum.
[Amended section.]
Sec. 2. Said Board of Agriculture shall be elected at a general State
Agricultural Convention, to be held at the Capital of the State, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the month of March,
and in the month of January every year thereafter, to consist of the life
members and annual members of the State Agricultural Society and
four delegates from each County Agricultural Society within this State,
incorporated under the general laws of this State for such corporations,
and an equal number from each District Agricultural Society, also incor-
porated under the general laws of this State for such purposes; said
delegates to be chosen at the annual fair or annual meeting of each such
society next preceding the State Agricultural Convention ; provided, said
convention to be held in March, in the year one thousitnd eight hundred
and sixty-three, may admit any person or persons representing any of
said County or District Agricultural Societies, as the convention may
determine b}'- a majority vote, whether such persons shall have been
elected by their respective county or district societies, as provided in
this Act, or not.
Sec 3. The Board of Agriculture shall, at its first meeting after its
election, be divided by lot into three equal portions (omitting the Presi-
dent), one portion to continue in office one year, one portion two years,
and one portion three j^^ears ; one-third of the number, together with the
President, to be elected at the State Agricultural Convention annually
thereafter. The Directors to hold office three years.
Sec 4. The Board of Agriculture may, in the absence of the Presi-
dent, choose one of its other members temporar}' Chairman. The}' shall
elect a Treasurer and Seci'ctary, not members of the Board, prescribe
their duties, fix their pay ; and the said Treasurer and Secretary shall
be subject to removal at any time by a majority of said Board.
Sec 5. The Board of Agriculture shall use all suitable means to
collect and diffuse all classes of information calculated to aid in the devel-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 41
opment of the agricultural, stock raising, mineral, mechanical and manu-
facturing resources of the State; shall hold an annual exhibition of the
industry and products of the State; and, on or before the first day of
January of each year in which the Legislature shall be in regular session,
they shall furnish to the Governor a full and detailed account of all its
transactions, including all the tacts elicited, statistics collected and
information gained on the subject for which it exists; and also a distinct
financial account of all funds received, from whatever source, and of
every expenditure, for whatever purpose, together with such suggestions
as experience and good policy shall dictate for the advancement of the
best interests of the State; the said reports to be treated as other State
documents are.
Sec. 6. The Board of Agriculture shall have power to appoint a suit-
able number of persons to act as Marshals, who shall be, from twelve
o'clock, noon, of the day previous to the opening of the exhibition, until
noon of the day after the close of the same, vested with all the powers
and prerogatives with which Constables are invested, so far as acts or
offences committed within or with reference to or in connection with the
exhibition are concerned.
Sec. 7. The Board of Agriculture may, in its discretion, award pre-
miums for the best cultivated farms, orchards, vineyards, gardens, etc.;
provided, that said Board shall not audit, allow, or pay an amount exceed-
ing one thousand dollars in any one year for travelling expenses of Visit-
ing Committees, in examining said farms, etc.; provided further, that no
person, except practical agriculturists, shall be appointed on said com-
mittees.
Sec. 8. It shall be optional with any to whom a premium is awarded
to receive the article named or its equivalent (as affixed) in coin.
Sec. 9. The State Agricultui'al Society shall have power, at its first
annual meeting after the passage of this Act, to make such alterations
in its Constitution as shall make it conform to the provisions of this Act.
Sec 10. All Acts or provisions in conflict with the provisions of this
Act are hereby repealed.
Sec. 11. This Act shall take effect from and after its passage.
CONSTITUTION
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
CONSTITUTION
OF THE CALIFOENIA STATE AGRICULTUKAL SOCIETY.
ARTICLE I. — NAME.
Section 1. This society shall be called " The California State Agri-
cultural Society."
ARTICLE II. — OBJECT.
Section 1. It shall be the object of this society to encourage the cul-
tivation of the soil and the general development of all the agricultural
resources of this State.
Sec 2. To foster every branch of mechanical and household arts cal-
culated to increase the happiness of home life.
Sec 3. To extend and facilitate the various branches of mining and
mining interests.
ARTICLE III. — membership.
Section 1. Annual Members. — Any person who has, during the year
eighteen hundred and sixty-five, or who shall, during this year or any
subsequent one, pay into the funds of this society the sum of five dol-
lars, may become a member of the same; such membership to expire on
the thirty-first day of the following December.
Sec 2. Life Members. — Any person may become a member for life, by
the payment of fifty dollars; or, if already a member, by the payment
of forty dollars, and shall thereafter be exempt from all dues and assess-
ments.
Sec 3. Honorary and Correspondiny Members. — Any pei'son whom the
Boai'd shall propose may be elected an honorary or a corresponding
member, and shall enjoy, free of charge, all the privileges of the society,
except voting and holding ofiice.
Sec 4. Privileges of Members. — Any citizen of this State, being a mem-
ber of this society, shall be eligible to oflSce, entitled to vote, and enjoy
the free use of the library, under the rules of the same, and have free
admission, accompanied by his wife and minor children, to all the exhi-
46 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
bitions of the society, and shall be permitted to compete for premiums
in any or all departments.
Sec. 5. Expulsion of Members. — Any member who shall present for
exhibition anj' article or animal which he is not entitled by the rules of
the society to exhibit, or who shall attomjit to deceive, or be guilty of a
breach of good faith toward the society, may be expelled by a vote of
two-thirds of the members present at any meeting of the society; pro-
vided, always, that no member shall be expelled unless written notice of
the alleged offence shall have been served on him, or left at his usual
place of residence, at least twenty days previous to the action.
ARTICLE IV. — OFFICERS.
Section 1. The officers of this society shall consist of a President and
nine Directors, who shall constitute a State Board of Agriculture, five of
whom shall constitute a quorum. They shall elect a Treasurer and Sec-
retary, not members of the Board. They may also appoint annually, as
officers of the Board, a chemist, a botanist, a meteorologist, a geologist,
a metallurgist, an ornithologist and an entomologist, and define the duties
of each. They may appoint such committees on the various departments
of agiculture, mining and manufactures, either generally or for specific
purposes, as they may deem important for the best interests of the State,
and require such committees to report the results of their investigations
to the Board at such times as may be named by them.
Sec. 2. Duties of President. — The President shall preside at all meetings
of the Board and of the Society; shall have power to call special meet-
ings of the Board, when necessary, and at the written request of ten
members, ma}^ call extra meetings of the society; shall appoint all meet-
ings not otherwise provided for; shall vote only at the election of officers,
and in case of a tie; and shall sign all financial and official documents
emanating from the society not otherwise provided for. In the absence
of the President from any meeting of the Board or society, any Director
may be called to the chair, and during such meeting, and for the com-
pletion of any business transacted or ordered at the same, shall have the
same powers as the President.
Sec. 3. Duties of Secretary — The Secretary shall conduct the corres-
pondence of the society, keeping in a separate book Copies of all letters
written in the name or on behalf of the society, holding the same free to
the inspection of any member of the society, at any regular meeting of
the same. He shall also receive and file all letters addressed to the
society, holding the same subject to the Board of Directors. lie shall
attend all meetings of the society and the Board, keeping a full i-ecord of
the doings of each in a separate book, and shall furnish a copy of the
proceedings of each meeting to the Committee on Publication within five
days after the close of such meeting. He shall prepare and publish all
notices of meetings; shall keep a roll of all standing committees, and
call the same (noticing absences) whenever desired to do so by the Chair;
shall sign all certificates of honorary- and corresponding memberships,
and forward the same to those entitled to receive them. He shall keep,
in a book prcj)ared for that especial purpose, the name and address of
every member; shall prepare and sign all gratuitous or complimentary
cards or tickets of admission; shall countersign all diplomas, ccrtiricates
of merit, etc., awarded by the society-, and forward the same to their
respective claimants. He shall be ex officio Librarian; shall keep the
seal and all the plates, dies, engravings, etc., belonging to the society,
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 47
and shall cause to be struck therefrom such medals and impressions as
may from time to time bo required. lie shall have charge of all speci-
mens, models, plants, seeds, books, etc., and arrange, prepare or distribute
the same, under the direction of the Board. He shall prepare all reports
to be made by the Board to the society, and all reports to be made by
the society to the State. lie shall receive all moneys due or payable to
the society and pay the same to the Treasurer, taking his receipt there-
for; shall hold all bonds filed by officer.^ of the society for the faithful
performance of their duty, and all vouchers for every class of expendi-
ture. He shall countersign all drafts ordered by the Board, and all cer-
tificates of annual and life membership, and keep an account of the
same, in a separate book, as they are issued, and shall, in December of
each year, prepare a tabular statement of the receipts and expenditures
of the society, according to the law incorporating the same. For which
services he shall receive such compensation as the Board shall decide to
pay.
Sec. 4. Duties of the Treasurer. — The Treasurer shall receipt for all
funds at the hands of the Secretary, and shall disburse the same only on
the order of the Board, attested by the President and the Secretary.
He shall also hold in trust all certificates of stock, bonds, notes, deeds,
or other evidence of debt or possession, belonging to the society, and
shall transfer, invest, or dispose of the same, only by direction of the
society, or by a written order of the Board. He shall, within ten days
after his election, file with the Secretary a bond for the faithful perform-
ance of his duties; said bond to be approved by the Board, and to be in
a sum equal to twice the combined amounts of the funds on hand and
the estimated revenue for the year, and shall, at the annual meeting,
make to the society a detailed report of all his doings, for which services
he shall receive such compensation as the Board shall, from time to
time, decide to pay.
Sec. 5. Duties of the Board. — The Board of Managers shall have the
general and financial management of all the affairs of the society in the
interim of annual meetings. It shall fill all vacancies occurring between
elections, and shall make the necessary preparations and arrangements
for all meetings, fairs, exhibitions, etc. The Board shall also have power
to make its own by-laws (not inconsistent with this Constitution) and
arrange the time and place of its own meeting.
ARTICLE V. — STANDING COMMITTEES.
Section 1. Committee of Finance. — The Committee of Finance shall
consist of three (the President and Secretary being two), whose duty it
shall be to audit the Treasurer's account, to examine and approve all
bills before they are paid, to have a general supervision of the finances
of the society, and to report their doings in full to the Board, whenever
called on so to do.
Sec. 2. Library Committee. — The Library Committee shall consist of
three (the Secretary being one), whose duty it shall be to have the gen-
eral supervision of the library and cabinet, to make all necessary rules
and regulations for the government of the same (said rules and regula-
tions being subject to the approval of the Board), to suggest such means
for the safe keeping and enlargement of both the library and cabinet as
they may deem expedient, and to make a full report of their doings,
together with the state of the department under their charge, at each
annual meeting.
48 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Sec. 3. Visiti'ng Committee. — The Visiting Committee shall consist of
three, whose duty it shall be to visit and examine all farms, orchards,
vineyards, nurseries, field crops, mining claims, ditches, mills, etc., which
may be entered for competition, and which shall require examination at
other times and places than the annual fair; to award premiums for the
same, according to the schedule, and recommend such gratuities as they
may deem proper, and make a full report to the Board at least one day
previous to the annual meeting.
Sec. 4. Committee of PulUcation. — The Committee of Publication shall
consist of three (the President and Secretary being two), whose duty it
shall be to contract for and superintend, under the direction of the Board,
all printing and publishing necessary for the prosperity of the society.
ARTICLE YI. — DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS.
Section 1. All donations, bequests and legacies to this society, desig-
nated by the donors for any particular purpose embraced within the
objects of the society, shall be with strict fidelity so applied; and the
name of each donor, together with the amount and description of such
donation, and the object for which it was designated, shall be registered
in a book, kept expressly for that purpose.
article TII. — MEETINGS AND EXHIBITIONS.
Section 1. Exhibitions. — The society shall hold an annual fair and
cattle show in the City of Sacramento, and may, at its discretion, hold
such other exhibitions as it may deem conducive to the interests of agri-
culture.
Sec. 2. Annual Meeting. — The annual meeting shall be held at the Capi-
tal of the State, at such time, during the month of January in each year,
as the Board may designate; at which time all the ofiicers from whom
reports of the preceding year's service are required shall present the
same, and all officers for the ensuing year shall be elected by ballot ; and
all officers shall continue in office until their successors are duly qualified.
Sec 3. Special Meetings, how called. — Xo special meeting of the society
shall be called but upon thirty days notice in the columns of a newspaper
published in each of the Cities of San Francisco, Sfccramento, llarys-
ville and Stockton ; nor without a request signed by at least ten mem-
bers.
Sec. 4. Proxy Voting. — It shall not be admissable for any member to
vote by proxy in any meeting of this society, or its Board of Managers.
Sec. 5. Quorum of the Society. — At any meeting of this society', fifteen
members (a majority of whom shall represent counties other than the one
where the meeting shall be held) shall constitute a quorum.
article VIII. — orncE and rooms.
Section 1. The office, rooms, iibrarj- and cabinet of the society shall
be permanently located at the Capital of the State.
article IX. — amendments.
Section 1. Amendments to this Constitution must be presented in
writing at an annual meeting, when, if unanimously agreed to, they shall
be adopted; but if there be objection, and a majority consent thereto,
STATE AORICXTLTUBAL SOCIETY. 49
they shall be spread opon the minutes and lie over nntil the next annnal
meeting, when they shall be read, and if. after doe discassion, two-thirds
of all the members present vote for the amendments, they shall be
adopted and become a part and parcel of this Constitution.
ARTICLE X. — EFFECT.
Sectio.v 1. This Constitution shall take effect from and after its
passage.
I certify the foregoing to be a true copy of the CbDstitatitm of tlie
California State Agricultural Society, as amended by unaDimoiis consont
at the annual meeting of the society, held on the twenty-sixth day of
January, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-five.
EOBEET BECK. Seeretarv.
i
TRANSACTIONS
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR 1B68. ^
STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE FOR 1868.
PRESIDENT.
CHARLES F. REED Grafton, Yolo County.
DIRECTORS.
C. T. Wheeler Sacramento.
John H. Carroll Sacramento.
Edgar Mills Sacramento.
B. R. Crocker Sacramento.
T. L. Chamberlain Placer.
William P. Coleman Sacramento.
H. M. Larue Sacramento.
H. R. Covey San Francisco.
R. S. Caret Yolo.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
Secretary I. N. HoAG ; P. 0., Sacramento.
Treasurer R. T. Brown, Sacramento.
Chemist and Metallurgist Dr. R. Oxland, F. C. S., San Francisco.
Geologist Prof. William P. Blake, San Francisco.
Meteorologist T. M. Logan, M. D., San Francisco.
Zoologist and Entomologist H. W. Harkness, M. D., Sacramento.
Botanists A. Kellogg, M. D., San Francisco; Prof. H. N. Bolander, San Francisco.
\
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING.
Sacramento, January 28th, 1869.
The regular annual meeting of the California State Agricultural
Society took place this afternoon at the Pavilion, corner of Sixth and M
streets.
The meeting was called to order at three o'clock by the President,
Charles F. Reed, who stated the objects of the meeting to be the election
of a President for the ensuing year, the supplying of the places of three
members of the Board of Directors, whose terms of office had expired,
the rendering of the annual reports, and the transaction of such other
business as might come before the society.
On motion, the reading of the minutes of the last annual meeting was
dispensed with.
The President announced that the first business in order was the read-
ing of the annual report of the Board of Directors.
The Secretary, I. N. Hoag, then read the following report :
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
To the Members of the California State Agricultural Society :
Gentlemen : It has been customary at our annual meetings for the
Board, in addition to the report of the transactions of the society for
the year, to enter at some length into a discussion of agricultural sub-
jects generally. At this time we shall depart from this custom, and only
in brief speak of matters relating more immediately to the interests of
the societ}', leaving the more general subjects for discussion in our
report required by law to be made biennially to the Legislature. We
feel called upon, however, to congratulate the members of the society
and the people of the State upon the fact which we all feel a pride in,
that never before since the admission of our young State into the Union
has California, as a State, or the Pacific coast as a whole, advanced so
much in permanent and substantial prosperity as within the last twelve
months. Agriculture, in all its departments, has been universally suc-
cessful ; and, as a consequence, all other industrial pursuits have been well
sustained and have shared in a season of general prosperity and improve-
54 'JRANSAOTIONS OF THE
mout. How mucli the course of this society, througli its oflficers, has
had to do in brin<ijing about this general improvement in the affairs of
the industries of the State, we will leave the memhers of the society and
the business men of the State to judge. We have felt the responsibility
of the position we have held, and have endeavored to do our duty to the
people and to the State. As in the conduct of all human affairs, time
has been with us the great teacher, showing us frequently wliere errors
have been committed in the past, and suggesting improvements for the
future.
Since we have been charged with a part in the management of the
affairs of the society, it has been struggling with pecuniary and other
difficulties, which have to a great extent controlled the polic}' and directed
the course of that management; and in judging of the administi-ation of
its affairs it must be remembered that wo have always been under the
necessity of doing what, under the circumstances, could be done, rather
than what, under other circumstances, should have been done. When,
in eighteen hundred and sixty-three and eighteen hundred and sixty-
four, a majority of the present Board accepted the positions they now
fill, it was difficult to find any one in the community who would accept
of the position and undertake the performance of the thankless duties
involved. Nothing but the very straightened circumstances of the
society at that time, and the limited influence it was able to exert upon
the industries of the State, induced the members of the Board to accept
the positions which were then urged upon them, and they did so with
the distinct understanding — among themselves, at least — that the}- would
stand by each other, circumstances permitting, until the last obligation
of the society was discharged, and until the society was able to exert
that controlling influence over the industrial pursuits of the State that
its original founders intended it should.
The first of these conditions would have been wholl}' fulfilled before
the present meeting, but for the damage done to the buildings at the
Park by the unusuall}^ high winds of last winter, rendering it necessary
to expend a large amount of monc}^ for the repairs thus made requisite.
By an analysis of the disbursements of the present year, it will be found
that over three thousand dollars was laid out on these repairs, while the
whole of the present indebtedness of the society is three thousand one
hundred and thirty-four dollars. The receipts of th5 last fair were very
large — amounting in all, for the year, to tAventy-seven thousand one
hundred and seven dollars and fifteen cents, while the expenditures were
also very large, being, to date, twenty-seven thousand one hundred and
seven dollars and fifteen cents, including four hundred and seventy-five
dollars and thirty-thi-ee cents paid on the old indebtedness.
The last fair was continued ten days, but we would not recommend
the continuance of this custom in the future. Such a custom woukl, in
our opinion, not be for the interests of the society in a financial point of
view, and, so long continued, the interest in the exhibition lags.
We would call the attention of the members to the provisions of the
Constitution in reference to the privileges of members. As the Consti-
tution now reads, an}' member has free access to all the exhibitions of
the society, " accompanied by the ladies and children of his family."
Under this provision, manj'' well-meaning members think it no wrong to
consider all his friends and their children members of his family for the
purpose of going to the fair, and by this very liberal construction of this
provision the societ}' is deprived of a ver}'' great income each j'car, to
which it is properly entitled. To obviate this difficulty we would recom-
STATE A(iRlCULTURAL SOCIETY. 55
mend a change in the Constitution, so that a member can only take iu
his wife and children under ten or twelve years of ago.
Another matter connected with this subject is the practice of transfer-
ring of tickets b}' members to those who are not members. Those wlio
have given this subject much attention have come to the conclusion that
this practice prevails to a great extent, and that the receipts of the
society are considerably less than they should be on this account.
It is difficult to meet this practice and prevent this imposition. The
Constitution provides that for this offence the member guilty of it shall
forfeit his membership; but the trouble lies in the difficult}^ of detecting
the fraud. It is suggested that the membership tickets be printed on
the face in large letters, "A transfer of this ticket forfeits membership;"
and if this caution does not answer the purpose, it may become necessary
to do away with monibership tickets and substitute daily tickets instead,
all of which shall be given up at the gate or door. Similar societies in
the Atlantic States have been driven to the adoption of this latter plan
for the same purpose.
In closing these brief remai'ks we congratulate the farmers of the
State upon the excellent prospects of the year eighteen hundred and
sixty-nine.
I. N. HOAG,
Secretary.
On motion, the report of the Directors was accepted.
It was moved that a Committee on Finance be appointed by the Chair,
to consist of three members, to examine the accounts of the Secretary
and Treasurer.
The motion was agreed to, and the President appointed C. H. Swift,
L. A. Upson and N. A. H. Ball as such committee.
On motion, the reading of the financial report of the Secretary was
dispensed with.
After considerable discussion. Section four. Article three, of the Con-
stitution of the society, was amended, by striking out " the ladies and
children of his family," and inserting " his wife and minor children."
The section, as amended, reads as follows:
Any citizen of this State, being a member of this society, shall be
eligible to office, entitled to vote, and enjoy the free use of the libraiy,
under the rules of the same, and have free admission, accompanied by
his wife and minor children, to all the exhibitions of the society, and
shall be permitted to compete for premiums in any or all de^Dartraents
The President announced that the next business in order was the
election of a President for the ensuing year.
Charles F. Reed, of Yolo, was nominated.
[J. H. McKune in the chair.]
It was moved and carried that the nominations be closed.
On motion, the Chair appointed as tellers, Leonard Goss, Henry
Miller and George Eowland, who reported C. F. Eeed unanimously
re-elected President.
[President Keed in the chair.]
On again assuming the chair, the President returned his thanks to
the membei's of the society for the appreciation shown of his efforts to
fulfil the duties of his office, and guaranteed that his record iu the
future would be as good as in the past.
56 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
The President stated the next business to be the election of three
Directors.
The following nominations were made :
C. T. Wheeler, Edgar Mills, Eobert Hamilton, Eobert Watt, J. H.
Carroll and J. S. Woods.
The President appointed as tellers, Leonard Goss, Paul Morrill and
George Rowland.
A ballot was then taken, as follows:
Whole number of votes cast 150
Necessary to a choice 76
Edgar Mills received 98
C. T. Wheeler received 81
Robert Hamilton received 62
J. H. Carroll received 58
Robert Watt received . 45
J. S. Woods received 30
L. A. Upson received 1
Cox received 2
Edgar Mills and C. T. Wheeler were declared elected members of the
Board of Directors.
The names of Carroll, Watt and Woods being withdrawn, on motion,
the Secretary was instructed to cast the ballot for Robert Hamilton,
who was accordingly^ declared unanimously elected.
The President and Board of Directors were authorized and instructed
to examine the claims of several parties for premiums.
There being no further business before the society, on motion, at a
quarter before five, the meeting adjourned sine die.
STATE AORICULTDRAL SOCIETY.
57
FINi^NCI^L REPORT
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT.
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
1868.
January 4.
Jan. 7
Jan. 27....
Feb. 15....
April 13 ...
April 14...
May 9
June 8
August 17.
Sept. 4 ...
Sept. 14 ...
Sept. 15...
CASH RECEIVED.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
16.
18.
19.
20.
Cash for engine
Allen, for rent of Park
For membership
'Allen, for rent of Park
Borrowed of D. O. Mills & Co
Allen, rent of Park for March ,
Allen, rent of Park for April
Allen, rent of Park for May
Allen, rent of Park for June
Borrowed of D. O. Mills & Co ,
A. Bullard, for privilege at Park..,
Memberships sold
Memberships and rent
Receipts at Pavilion
Receipts at Park
Rent for room at Park
Rent of Park for Sunday
Entrance fees to races
Tickets and membership at Park..
Receipts at stairs
Collected at gate
Receipts at Pavilion
Tickets and memberships at Park.
Receipts at stairs
Entrance fees to races
Receipts at Pavilion
Tickets and memberships at Park.
Receipts at stairs
Entrance fees to races
Receipts at Pavilion
Receipts at Pavilion
Tickets and memberships at Park..
Memberships sold
61.000 00
129 15
370 00
129 00
1,000 00
129 25
129 25
129 00
129 00
1,000 00
610 00
180 00
185 00
1,197 50
1,509 00
75 00
200 00
460 00
1,099 00
147 00
31 00
1,613 00
935 00
133 50
210 00
923 00
787 00
134 50
180 00
676 00
554 00
452 00
100 00
58
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 20.
u
Sept. 21
((
K
U
Sept. 22
Sept. 23.
Sept. 24.
Sept. 25.
Sept. 26
Oct. 2.
Oct. 9.
Oct. 10.
u
Dec. 29
Receipts at stairs
Jleccivcd at ^ate at Park
Entrance fees at races
Tickets and memberships at Park.
Receipts at stairs
Entrance fees to races
Receipts at Pavilion
Tickets at Park
Memberships
Receipts at gate
Receipts at stairs
Entrance fees to races
Tickets at Pavilion
Rent of soda fountain
Tickets at Park
Receipts at stairs
Entrance fees to races
Tickets at Pavilion
Tickets at Park
Entrance fees to races
Receipts at stairs
Tickets at Pavilion
Tickets at Park
Gate at Park
Stairs at Park
Entrance fees
Tickets at Pavilion
Rent of cider privilege ,
Balance rent at Park
Balance State appropriation
Premium returned by Patterson
Rent of bar
Premium returned by Poorman.
Rent of Park for September, October, November
and December
S137 50
179 50
105 00
698 50
152 00
285 00
633 00
554 50
25 00
207 00
226 50
270 00
586 50
136 50
628 00
155 75
210 00
464 50
492 50
365 00
141 50
384 00
213 00
95 50
110 00
45 00
236 00
76 00
50 00
2,000 00
15 00
75 00
30 00
517 75
Total 827,107 15
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
59
Dale.
On what account.
Amount.
1868.
Jan. 4
Jan. 7 ....
Jan. 27
Feb. 15...,
April 13..,
u
April 14...
May 9
June 8 —
August 17
Sept. 4..
Sept. 14..
a
Sept. 15..
Sept. 16.
Sept. 18.
Sept. 19.
Sept. 20.
Sept. 21 .
Sept. 22.
Sept. 23.
Sept. 24.
Sept. 25.
Sept. 26 .
Oct. 2....
Oct. 9...
Oct. 10 ...
Dec. 29 ...
CASH PAID TREASURER.
R. T.
R. T.
11. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
R. T.
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Treasurer.
Treasurer..
Treasurer..
Treasurer..
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer..
Treasurer.,
Treasurer..
Treasure!'..
Treasurer.
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer..
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.,
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
Treasurer.
S1,000 00
129 15
370 00
129 00
1,000 00
129 25
129 25
129 00
129 00
1,000 00
610 00
180 00
165 00
1,197 50
1,509 00
75 00
3,550 00
2,201 50
1,777 50
1,618 00
1,768 50
2,006 00
1,458 25
1,383 00
699 50
76 00
50 00
2,000 00
120 00
517 75
Total §27,107 15
60
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
1868.
Jan. 25.
Jan. 31 ..
Feb. 8...
((
Feb. 15..
Feb. 17.
Feb. 20 ,
March 8
March 7.
March 17.
March 7.
March 9.
March 19.
March 20.
((
March 21.
April 13.
May 29.
June 5
June 28
August 3
August 10
August 26
Sept. 2....
Sept. 7....
Sept. 8....
Sept. 19....
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid I. N. Hoag, expenditures
Edwards & Co., stationery
^yells, Fargo & Co., freight
C. A. Stevens, services
II. S. Crocker, printing
R. E. Draper, Directory
Turton & Knox, sand
D. Woods, labor
I. N. Hoag, salary
I. N. Hoag, expenditures
J. H. Pierce, filling diploma
John Shcllers, carpenter
John Shellers, carpenter
Friend & Terry, lumber
John Shellers, carpenter
C. L. Knowles
J. N. Andrews, lettering
S. S. Carli.sle, brick work
McManus & Johnson, roofing
John Adams, posting bills
J. H. Pierce, lettering
McManus & Johnson, roofing
I. N. Hoag, on salary for March
Mr. Wilson, labor on stalls
McManus & Johnson, roofing
A. P. Smith, ti'ausplanting trees
E. Conway, trimming trees
I. N. Hoag, salary April, balance March..
F. J. Moore, hardware
Friend & Terry, lumber
N. L. Drew, lumber..
C. H. lirebs, painting
Huntington & Hopkins, nails
T. J. McKim, cleaning boiler
I. N. Hoag, salary for May and June
H. Wachhorst, silverware
J. Merklej^ premiums
I. N. Hoag, salary July
J. T. Koborts, labor
A. Fleck, repairing flag
W. T. CroNwell, Post-office stamps
James Anthony & Co., advertising
Benjamin Bullard, Jr., Post-office stamps.
M. R. Pose, work on pump
J. II. Coffey, work on tank
R. B. Gra}' & Co., gold medals
W. T. Crowell, services
Chase & Boruck, advertising
L. J. Stevens, work on engine
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
61
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 19
T. Rine, labor
S15 00
J. Mela, labor as police
12 00
J. Newman, premium
100 00
Sept. 25
Purses for fifteenth instant
450 00
Purses for sixteenth instant
700 00
Purses for seventeenth instant
GOO 00
Purses for eighteenth instant
700 00
Purses for nineteenth instant
600 00
Purses for twenty-first instant
650 00
700 00
Purses for twent3'-third instant
800 00
Purses for twenty-fourth instant
700 00
Purses for twentj'-fifth instant
850 00
Sept. 25....
PREMIUMS PAID AT STOCK GROUNDS, BY WARRANT
NUMBER SIXTY-ONE.
Paid E. Jacobs
50 00
Thomas Edwards .
John Hall
40 00
90 00
L. P. Marshall
30 00
John Hail
13 00
Theodore Winters
25 00
John Hall
20 00
R. T. Leet
15 00
J. Gr. McCracken
40 00
S. Treat
30 00
J L. Clark
20 00
A. B. Burns
15 00
C. H. Shears
40 00
W. M. Allen
30 00
John Brewster
20 00
S. Treat
15 00
J. G. McCracken
10 00
C. B. Hoffman
D. France
40 00
30 00
C.B.Hoffman
15 00
Thomas Edwards
C. B. Hoffman
55 00
10 00
A. J. Rhoads
J. Zurawalt
40 00
30 00
D. Flint
20 00
J. W. Thompson (Poorman)
30 00
30 00
A. F. Smith •.
20 00
A. Newbauer ■
15 00
J. C. Morrison, Jr
40 00
40 00
R. S. Carey
15 00
30 00
W. A. Boggs
20 00
62
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 25
C. Gosling
§20 00
15 00
L. A. Upson
C. Gosling
50 00
H. Wilscy
30 00
J. R. Northrop
15 00
R. S. Carey
20 00
William Baudeen
15 00
W. B. Gibson
10 00
D. Flint
40 00
75 00
Whipple and Tcakle
100 00
75 00
John Hall
50 00
40 00
G. N. Swezy
55 00
10 00
G. N. Swezy
30 00
M. Wick
10 00
P. Burnes
15 00
G. N. Swezj^
10 00
A. W. Butler
30 00
G. N. Swezy
20 00
P. Burnes
15 00
G. N. Swezy
10 00
G. N. Swezy
50 00
40 00
Seneca Daniels
40 00
Seneca Daniels
20 00
Seneca Dan i els
20 00
Seneca Daniels
170 00
William Schaub
10 00
30 00
R. T. Jjeet «
40 00
20 00
T. McConnell
15 00
35 00
Landrum, Butterfield & Co
25 00
20 00
E. Holland
15 00
15 00
Landrum, Butterfield & Co
15 00
15 00
P. Burnes
15 00
30 00
Peter Burnes
5 00
A. Diivol
5 00
P. Burnes
5 00
P. Burnes
5 00
Premiums at Hall, Warrant No. 62
68 00
Sept. 28...,
22 00
Coffin & Standish, premium
300 00
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
63
On what account.
Amount.
J. ilcnmann, premium
Thomas Winship, service
L. Provost, premium
M. W. Willis, music
H. T. Buckley, premium
J. T>. Patterson, premium
John Shellers, labor
Frank Hamilton, labor.
Joseph Dunkerly, labor
Charles C. Brown, labor
Edwards & Co., stationer}'
C. A. Stevens, Entry Clerk
G. Ani^ells
G. P. Warner, Ticket Clerk
H. B. Warner, Assistant Ticket Clerk.
E. K. Warner, Assistant Ticket Clerk.
J. S. Barnes, police
A. S. Taylor, stairkeeper
J. S. McClar}'-, services
Thos. Coleman, services
W. McCracken, services
J. T. Roberts, doorkeeper
Thomas O'Brian, labor
Robert Miller, watering cart
Samuel Deal, gatekeeper
International Hotel, board
J. Nickerson, police...-
C. L. Denin, labor
Charlotte Johnson, chambermaid
R. L. Bampton, stairkeeper
Isaac Galloway, labor
Griffitts & Co., merchandise ,
H. S. Beals, stairkeeper
M. Hala, labor ,
Fitzsimmons & Gleason, work
C. C. Barnes, labor....
State Capital Reporter, advertising ,
H. Alvord, watchman
S. D. Smith, wood
A. C. Bidwell, wood
J. W. Taylor, gatekeeper ,
Robert McCarth}', doorkeeper
M. Gottshall, labor
Thomas Byrne, labor
Hiram Clock, labor
J. E. Smith, ticket clerk
Ed. Woods, carpenter
G W. Whitlock, superintendent
E. & H. Astbury, wood
Daihj Bee, advertising
T. C. May, drayage
89G 00
72 00
25 00
800 00
50 00
215 00
30 00
12 00
12 50
57 00
50 00
52 00
6 50
50 00
30 00
30 00
40 00
42 00
26 00
32 00
30 00
25 50
40 00
100 00
44 00
30 00
39 00
5 00
25 00
40 00
28 00
4 25
40 00
24 00
236 50
30 00
51 50
33 00
9 00
101 00
40 00
33 00
58 50
76 50
69 00
50 00
100 00
58 50
10 00
15 50
78 25
64
TRANSACTIONS OF TUB
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 30.
October 2.
October 7.
J. Allen, on hay account
Mrs. G. D. Stewart, premium
Jo8. Dunkcrly, premium
A. Music, premium
E. Coggshall. premium
Marsliall & McGowan, premium
R. H. Babbitt, police
G. O. Perry, premium
I. S. Bamber, premium
J. C. Devinc, premium
E. S. Aiken, premium
E. F. Aiken, premium ,
I. L. Merrill, premium
P. II. Murphy, premium
Thomas Thoman, premium
B. Dennerj'-, use of dishes
L. C. Allen, straw
I. Allen, balance hay
Pobert E. Draper, entrj'^ clerk ,
II. S. Crocker & Co., printing
State printing office, printing
S. A. Deuel, assistant ticket clerk..
Deuel, Griffiths & Co., Merchandise
Benjamin Reed, assistant engineer
J. Ward, stairkeeper
Benjamin Stewart, exit gatekeeper
O. W. Wallace, carpenter
Dale & Co., merchandise
M. Quinn, labor
A. M. Dennin, watchman
E. B. Eyan, entry clerk
G. W. Martin, hay
R. S. Carey, expenditures
Sacramento Gas Company, gas
;D. O. Mills & Co., interest
E. F. Patton, assistant ticket clerk
F. J. Moore, hardware
Friend & Terr}^, lumber
L. H. Gould
Hiram Clock, labor ,
George II. Baker, diplomas ,
William Mace, doorkeeper
S. Tr3-on, hay
Thom as B3'rne ,
J. W. Avery, lumber
C. L. Knowles, carpenter
Ilolchkiss & Co., sawdust
Lillic Hamilton, premium ,
C W. Hoit, premium
Mrs. W. E. Brown, premium
D. R. Hunt, -jiremium
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
05
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
October 7.. Robert Williamson, premium...;
" L. K. Ilanimcr, premium
" Kohler k Chase, premium
'* C. A. Burnes, premium
" J S Harbison, premium ,
" J. S. Harbison, premium
" jS. W. Blackwood, premium
" [B. N. Bugbey, premium
" C. W. Reed, premium
October 10 D. Kendall, premium
" Mr:?. M. H. Herbert, premium
■ " M. & A. Wilcox, premium
" ;E. Walton, premium
" ®. A. Fargo, premium
" T. Milgate, premium
" J. W. Neff, premium
" A. Denuery, tumblers
" I Whitlier, Fuller & Co., work
" jB. R. Sweetland, merchandise
" iJ. McGuire, blacksmith
" lA. Hamburger, merchandise
" iGeorge Schmeiser, machine work
" [James Anthony, advertising
" M. and A. Wilcox, pumping
" M. Gottschall, labor .'
" Baily Record, advertising
" ;W. V. Frazier, drayage .
" J. M. Calvin, sign painting
" Gillig, Mott & Co., merchandise
" Huntington & Hopkins, merchandise
" J. Isaacs, police
" JF. S. Maione, horse and buggy
" jW. H. Hoit, tinning
" [Mr. Harvey, police
" J. Gillman, drayage
" Ben. R. Crocker, expense
October ITiMrs. J. P. Odbert. premium
" J. H. Pierce, filling diplomas
"• ID. W. Clark, gas fitting....
" :Lipman & Co., merchandise
|G. W. Wbitlock, labor
" jF. Blackleach, merchandise
" Casey & Crozier, casks
" PI. M. Bernard, wrench
" :I. N. Hoag, salary, August and September.
M.O'Mara. labor
October 19
40
00
15
00
15
00
3
00
5
00
2
00
70
00
15
00
6 00
3 00
10 00
3 00
10 00
Stockton Independent, advertising.
Marysville Appeal
Evening Brdht in
2
00
1
00
2
00
78
12
10
87
6
00
18
63
502
13
71
00
62
83
18
00
4
50
7
25
4
00
3
00
16 47
30
00
60
00
3
50
2
00
1
50
94
75
15
00
5
75
251
48
23
25
23
00
7
00
22
00
3
00
300
00
12
00
25
00
20
00
52
50
66
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
Ou what account.
October 19
October
October
Qctober
October
Nov.
Dec.
21.
Exam hicr ;
J. C. Moore, posting bills
W. King, posting bills
Benjcunin Wilson, posting bills
W. L. Sullivan, posting bills
C. B. Kenui-d, labor
J. H. Pierce, filling dijilomas
Benjamin Bnllard, Jr., Assistant Secretary
Casebolt & Kern, premium
L. Powers & Co., casks
1. N. lloag, salary for October
P. M czzara, premi u m
A. L. Grceiilow, premium
W.P. Micbener •.
T. H. Cook, wood
Lottie Hoffman, premium
W. W. Marvin, premium
Daniel Flint, premium
William Caswell, bill posting
F. Herser, 1 abor
Mrs. H. Adams, premiums
John C. Carroll, grain V....
Mrs. J. Bassford, premium
L. Prevost, premium
Mission Woollen Mill, premium
Oakland Cotton Mill, premium
R C. Terr}' & Co , premium
Gillig, Mott & Co., premium
Goodwin k Co., premium ,
N. P. Cole & Co., premium
Lan sberger, premium
P. Schaubc, premium
J. li. Snyder, premium
Craig, premium ,
Ebcrhardt & Co., premium
Otto Scbrader, premium.
William Shew, premium
P.J. Devine, premium
Sacramento Gas Co., gas
F. M. Chapman, borse hire
J. Slaughter, labor
I. N. lloag, salary foi" November
A. Burgman, premium
C. H. Krebs, glazing
T. J. McKim, pulleys, etc
A. Hooper, bill posting
George W. Cbesiej-, cash
Lockg & Lavenson, upholster}-
Sacramento Gas Co., gas
II. T. Holmes & Co., lime
Thomas Cotter, premium
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
07
Dec 5...
Dec. 12.
Dec. 16..
Dec. 17..
Dec. 29..
18G9.
Jan. 28..
D. Elemdorf, bill posting
I. N. Iloag, salary for December
C. Ileinrich, premium
I. N. Hoag. expenditures
Charles F. Heed, expenditures.,..
N. L. Drew, lumber
(Robert Allen's bill
Jan. 28.
W. P. Coleman, legal tenders
Goss & Lambard, removing machinery....
A. Steiner, filling diplomas
D. McCarthy, labor
R. L Robertson, premium
M R. Rose, repairing wells, etc
E. Burden, labor
I N. Hoag, expenditures as per bills
I. N. Hoag, salary for January, 1869
John Gr. Allmond, labor
J. Bitholl, stationery
Sacramento Gas Co., gas
R. T. Brown, balance of account of 1867
N Greene Curtis, on old indebtedness..,.
Total.
§5
00
150
00
15
00
26
00
1,000
00
432
54
517
75
7
20
50
00
90
75
• 15
00
6
00
87
00
15
00
244
23
150
00
20
00
3
00
3
20
8
24
475
33
$27,107
15
68 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
FIRST MEETING OF THE NEW BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
Sacramento, January 28th, 1SG9.
The Board met at the call of the President, at the office of W. T.
Coleman, at seven o'clock p. M. There were present C. F. Reed, Presi-
dent, and Directors Covey, Carey, Larue, Wheeler, Hamilton and Cole-
man.
I. N. Hoa"; handed to the President the followinir communication :
Sacramento, January 28th, 1869.
To the State Board of Agricidture :
Gentlemen : I hereby tender my resignation as Secretary of your
Board, and decline being a candidate for re-election. The reason of this
step on my part is that my private business will not permit my giving
the time required for the performance of the duties of the office.
I. N. HOAG.
On motion, his resignation was accepted.
There was a bill of the Bee, and one of II. Wachhorst and others,
referred to Mr. Larue and the Secretary, and the Secretary was instructed
to pay N. Greene Curtis the sura of five hundred dollars as soon as there
were sufficient funds on hand.
The time of holding the next annual fair Avas fixed for the thirteenth
of September, and to continue 'six days.
On motion of Mr. Carey, the Board proceeded to the election of Sec-
retaiy.
Mr. Hamilton nominated Robert Beck, and on ballot he was elected,
and his election made unanimous.
R. T. Brown was unanimously re-elected Treasurer.
The President and Mr. Covey were elected a Committee on Speed
Programme.
Messrs. Larue, Hamilton, Covey and Coleman were appointed a com-
mittee to revise the premium list.
Messrs. Carey and Wheeler were appointed a committee to confer
with the lessee of the Park in reference to certain stables.
Standing committees were appointed as follows :
Finance — Mills, President and Secretary.
Library — Secretary, Ross and Coleman.
Visiting — Larue, Hamilton, Care}^ and Covey.
Publication — Secretary, President and Wheeler.
^
The following resolution was unanimousl}- adopted : - ,j
Rewlved, That the thanks of this Board be tendered the late Secretary,
I. N. Hoag, for the able manner in which he has performed the arduous
duties of his office for the past six years.
The Boai'd then adjourned sine die.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 69
OPENING ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER
SEVENTEENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT.
By CHAS. T. reed, President.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Memhers of the State Agricxdtural Society :
I hoped and confidently expected, when I bad the honor to address
you, one year ago, from this same stand, and on an occasion similar to
the present, that some other and more competent person would have
occupied my position here to-night; but your will, and not mine, has
been done; and it becomes my pleasant duty once more to salute you
with words of sincere gratification and thankfulness for our State's
prosperity in the past, and of cheerful hope and abiding faith in her con-
tinued and increased prosperity in the future.
Since California became one of the members of the great republic —
now about eighteen 3-ears ago — there never has been a period in which
all our material industries have been so universally and substantially
prosperous as the present j'ear. Go where you will — among the sturdy
yeomanry of our broad plains or fertile valleys, among the hardy
miners, high up on the snow-capped Sierra Nevadas, or deep down in the
cragged gulches, overhung by those lofty peaks, or, even deeper, in the
almost bottomless mining shafts. Go among the toiling mechanics and
skilful and painstaking artizans of our towns and cities. Go among
each and every class of people in the entire State, and you will find all
busily and profitably engaged; all contented and happy over present
individual and collective successes; all buoyant and jubilant with the
bright and cheering prospects in the immediate future.
Our farmers are not only doing well, and laying up a competency for
themselves and families, but they are absolutely becoming rich. ^u
abundance of crops and highly remunerative prices are filling their
coffers with gold and silver, enabling them to improve and beautify their
farms and homes, to build new and commodious dwellings and barnSj to
purchase and use the most approved labor-saving machinery in the
cultivation of their land and the gathering and saving of their crops; to
supply their families with all the necessaries and luxuries enjoyed by
older but less ftvvored communities.
As prospers agriculture, the great fountain of all wealth, the great
mother of all other occupations and prohioter of all civilization, so
prospers the towns and cities, the State and the entire people.
As a matter of State pride, it may be stated that the estimated pi'oduct
of three of our leading industries, for the present year, is twenty million
70 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
bushels of wheat, twelve million gallons of wine, and ten million pounds
of wool. Other agricultural industries have all been equally favorable.
This is not a bad showing for a State which, but ten j-ears since, was
considered of no value but for the gold that could be dug from our mines.
In consequence of this great pros]>erity of agriculture, and the conse-
quent and corresponding prosperity of all other industries, an unusual
and unprecedented impetus has been given to works of public improve-
ment, and we find ourselves in the midst of an era of universal activit}' ;
ever}' class in the community seems to have become impressed with the
necessity of greater facilities for travel from point to point, in the State,
and for the transportation of the products of the land from ])lacc to
place, and from the points of production to the seaboard, from which
the}' may find the markets of the world. New steamboat routes are
being opened u)) and old ones improved and supplied with a better class
of steamers. New railroad routes are projected to-da}*; and to-morrow,
oralmost before the communities through which the roads are to pass have
heard of said project, the iron horse speeds through the country,
announcing the completion of the work.
The great question of handling grain, whether in bulk or in sacks,
which has interested all classes of the community, and especially the
farmers, for years past, is now being taken hold of by a company of
enterprising capitalists, and the present prospect indicates that the day
is not far distant when this great drawback upon the profits of grain
raising will be fully removed, and that our immense grain crops will be
bandied with the same facility, and with equal econom}^, as in the Atlantic
States. Tlie great crops of the West, ancl the necessity for economy in
the mode of handling and sending them to market, has caused the intro-
duction of a system of elevating the grain from steamers and freighting
vessels, from cars and other means of conveyance, into warehouses and
mills, by means of machinery run by steam, thus saving to the farmer a
much better profit on the production than could be saved to him by the
modes of bundling formerl}' practiced there, and still practiced here. When
we shall have introduced these facilities here, and brought them into gen-
eral use, a very large per cent, of the profits of the crops, which now go to
the middle men or jobbers, will be retained in the hands of the farmer,
and will be laid out in the general improvements of t,^e country.
Ever}- year adds some new and important labor-saving machine to the
list of agricultui'al implements and machinery. The present year is
likely to be marked by an innovation, the importance of wliich to the
prosperity of the country can be but little less than the invention of the
steam engine, or the application of steam to the propelling of vessels or
railroad cars. I refer to the invention of the steam plow. The subject
of»applyiug steam to the tilling of the soil has attracted the attention of
inventors in nearly all civilized countries for years past; but a citizen of
California is likely to be the first to succeed in the accomplishment of this
griuul achievement.
We have two competitors for the high honor of inventing and putting
into practical use a travelling steam plow. One, it is true, has as yet
only built a model, but the principle upon which it is constructed, and
the simplicity 'of the application of the principle to the end required,
gives gooil judges a high degree of confideuce in its final success. The
other has built a powerful working machine, said to be capable of plow-
ing, sowing and planting from forty to fifty acres of grain per day.
Tliis latter machine was tried, to the entire satisfaction of many skilful
mechanics and practical farmers, at the late fair of the Mechanics' Insti-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 71
tutc, at San Francisco, and I am happj' to be able to announce that it
has to day arrived in this citj', and will be put to a practical test on the
stock gi'ounds, durini^ the present fair.
Coming here, fellow farmers, as we are wont tQ do^each year, and lay-
ing the products of our farms, our vineyards, our orchards, our silk
plantations, our dairies and flocks upon the altar of improvement, and
justlj- feeling a pride in view of our achievements, let us not forget, first,
that we are indebted for all these blessings to an over-ruling Providence,
who shapes and guiiles the destinies of nations and of individuals with
the same certaint}' and by the same unerring laws of cause and effect as
He brings day to succeed night and season to succeed season.
Let us remember that our State is comparatively new — that the soil
we cultivate is virgin soil, which has laid untouched by "man for thou-
sands of years, accumulating, little by little, the very qualities for which
we prize it — the very elements which renders it so productive. Let us
remember that every crop'we take from this land, every grain of wheat,
barle}-. oats or corn we gather from our fields, takes away a certain
quantity of their productive qualities — these elements of growth — and
that unless we return an equal quantity of these elements, our land must
inevitabl}' deteriorate and final!}' become poor and unproductive.
Let us then learn wisdom in the days of our youth. Let us take
lessons from the experience of our fathers. Let us shun the shoals upon
which the ships bearing the rich first product of many a young State have
been stranded. In the plain language of a farmer, let us give our soil
manure and time to recuperate and keep it rich, as we give our farm
horses grain and rest to invigorate and keep them fat. It has been well
and truly said, that " he who makes a blade of grass grow where nothing
grew before, is a benefactor of mankind." It may with equal truth be
said that he who wantonly and uselessly destroys the productive
qualities of the soil which he, for the time being, is permitted to occupy,
thus decreasing by thousands and tens of thousands the blades of grass,
or grains or bushels of wheat which that soil is capable of growing, is a
malefactor of mankind. He thus heedlessly destroys the capability of
the earth for sustaining the lives of his own children and of generations
in the future. The practice which has been in years past so much in
vogue in this State, of burning the straw and stubble of our grain crops,
cannot be too emphatically condemned. The only true system, to secure
continued success, is that of summer fallowing and earl}- sowing. This
sj'Stem gives the soil the necessary rest, and has the advantage of much
greater economy in the cultivation. We refrain from following this sub-
ject further in the brief time allowable to an opening address. The able
gentleman who is to deliver the annual address will doubtless discuss the
various subjects connected with our agricultural resources and practices
more in detail than it would be proper for me to do — and with more
ability than I pretend to possess.
The most that I desire to do is to call attention to the leading evi-
dences of our prosperit}^ as a commonwealth. To do this we need not
go beyond the exhibition which we have met here to-night to inaugurate.
AYe have here striking evidences of this pi-osperity spread out before us.
We see here a bird's-eye view of all tiie industries of the State. None
but a prosperous people could make an exhibition like the one we here
behold — none but a highlj- enlightened and intelligent people can appre-
ciate the benefits or enjoy the advantages of such an exhibition. Wo
see before us many evidences of high invention and mechanical genius.
We discover the unerring proofs of most perfect operative skill — the
72 TEANSACTIONS OP THE
rough and raw materials directly from our mines and farms, the power-
ful machiner}' and useful inventions of our mechanics, the beautiful and
useful fabrics of our manufactures, the rich, delicate, as well as magnifi-
cent works of art, are all here, arranged with so much skill and taste as
to form a complete and perfect whole. Indeed, the grand disj)lay before
us is in itself a most magnificent picture, the conception and execution
of which gives evidence of a high order of artistic skill. We might
dwell witli pleasure and profit upon the special merits of individual
exhibitions, but each and every exhibitor is entitled to so much credit
that it would be invidious to discriminate.
There is one feature in this exhibition so particularly striking and so
commendable to all the exhibitors, that I cannot refrain from speaking
of it in terms of high praise and especial approval. I refer to the spirit
of kindness and accommodation so manifest on every hand. However
high the rivalry of different exhibitors in the same department may
seem, I am satisfied that the same spirit which now obtains will be mani-
fested to the close of the fair, and if so, the exhibition must be attended
with beneficial results.
Improvement is the great object of all these industrial exhibitions.
To accomplish the greatest good, with the means afforded them, has
been and is the aim of the officers and managers of this societ}*. To do
even-handed justice between each and every exhibitor is the most ardent
wish of ever}" member and officer of^the Board; and I now assure you
that they will do all they can on their part to conduct the fair to a
termination which shall be as satisfactory as its beginning is auspicious;
and I know I need not call on those I now address to second their
efforts in this respect. Thanking 3'ou, each and all, for the exhibitions
you have been pleased to make, and particularly for the kind attention
with which you have listened to the few remarks I have felt called upon
to offer, I will bid you all a cordial good night.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 73
ANNUAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER
TWENTY-FIRST, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT.
By judge J. B. CROCKETT.
Mr. _President, Ladies and Gentlemen :
We of California are a "fast" people — not only in the slang sense of
that term, but in its literal acceptation. When we speak of a "fast"
young lady, we mean one Avho is not over modest; who delights in a
flashy style of dress ; who drives tandem or four-in-hand with the skill
of a Jehu ; who talks loudly at the opera, and is always doing things on
the very verge of impropriety. When we refer to a "fast" young man,
we mean one who sports the most delicate kids and the most impracti-
cable necktie; who drinks none but the best brandy, and a good deal of
it; who keeps a fancy team and several thoroughbred setter dogs; and
who, when scarce of cash, either sponges on his friends or patronizes
"free lunches."
It is not to be denied that we of California, as a people, are somewhat
"fast" in this slang sense. We not only like to create a sensation, both
at home and abroad, but we sometimes accomplish that result b}' methods
of very questionable propriety. We delight to show the world that we
can perform achievements at which older communities would stand
aghast. Whatever is difficult of accomplishment has to us a peculiar
fascination; and if other people deem it impracticable, that is a conclu-
sive argument why we should immediately set about doing it. We are,
emphatically, a people of extremes, and are not content to follow prece-
dents simply because they are old. When we turn our attention to
horse racing, nothing but the most thoroughbred and hii^h priced stock
O 1 nil
will answer our purposes. Hence we import, at fabulous prices, JNorfolk
and Lodi, two of the fleetest racers in the world, and who compose the
fancy team of that "fast" j-oung blood, the public of California. In
former days, when the continental railway was only beginning to dawn
on our hopes as a bright vision of the future, we established a "Pony
Express" across the Plains, which made the fastest "pony" time on
record. I shall never forget the intense thrill of excitement which per-
vaded the bu.sy crowds on Montgomery street, as the first pony, with
his hatless rider, came dashing at full speed up the street, with dates
from St. Louis less than fifteen days old. But the "Pony Express" was
not enough fur us. We needed a daily mail-couch line across the conti-
nent; so, one bright afternoon* we heard the coachman's horn sounding
its most enlivening notes at the south end of Montgomery street, and,
10
74 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
immcdititoly after, the first Overland coach, drawn by a spanking team,
rattled past, with a mail from St Louis less than twenty days old.
But the Overland Mail coach and the "Pony Express" have become
obsolete institutions. They were too slow for so "fast" a people, and
have dwiiulled into utter insignificance in comparison with our marvel-
lous acliievcments in building railroads. We have not only invented a
machine which will lay five or six miles of track per day, but have
scaled the lofty summit of the Sierra with an engineering skill which has
no parallel, and the beautiful echoes of Donner Lake and Tahoe, those
gems of our mountain scenerj-, are now awakened b}- the bell of the
locomotive and the whistle of the steam engine, whilst the great railway
is being pushed across the sandy plains beyond with a celerity which
almost outstrips the fanc}'. Thus it is in all things, we are a "fast"
people. If we set about the building of a fine hotel, we decorate it more
elaborately and furnish it more splendidly than any other hotel, as the
magnificent structures of that class in San Francisco bear witness. The
dining-room of the Lick House is said to be finest dining saloon in any
public house in the world. Soo, too, in many of our private dwellings,
all that art can contribute to luxury- or comfort is invoked bj' this
'• fast " people.
In like manner, when our proclivities run in more vicious channels,
thej' arc equally indicative of our contempt for old precedents and of
our ra])id atlvance in the alluring paths of vice. If a man makes up his
mind to become a gambler, he gambles on a grand scale ; if a thief, he
Avill steal every thing, from a pocket handkerchief .to a grand piano; if
a robber, he will garrote you for a quarter of a dollar, or. rob an express
messenger of fifty thousand dollars in bullion; if a swindler, he will
cheat 3'ou out of anything, from a penny whistle to a gold mine; if a
fraudulent bankrupt, he Avill fail for a million and pay his creditors five
cents on the dollar.
Are we not, then, emphatically a " fost" people? Do we not, in some
respects, bear a striking i^esemblance to the "fast" .j^oung lad}' who
wears very low-neck dresses and verj' high heeled boots; who is parti-
cularl}' fond of champagne and terrapin stews, dresses in a " stunning"
8t3'le, and is onl}- deterred from smoking cigars because it might affect
her breath ; or to the fancy young man, with the irreproachable kids,
whose chief occupation is to cultivate his moustachS, drive a spanking
team, and give expensive oyster suppers, to be paid for with money bor-
rowed from his friends ?
But if we are a " fast" people in the slang sense, it is not to be denied
that wo are also a fast people in the more literal and comprehensive
meaning of the term. It was but eighteen yeai's, on the ninth day of
this present month, since California was admitted into the Union ; and
it is only about twenty years since Marshall found the first gold, in the
American lliver, near the old saw mill. Has history, either ancient or
modern, recorded any such progress as ours, in so brief a period? A
becoming modest}', ])erhaps, should prompt us to leave to others the task
of recording our achievements ; but inasmuch as excessive modesty is
not an American, and particularly a California virtue, I proj)ose to trace
briefly this wonderful progress back to its source, that we may therel)y
be enabled the more clearly to foresee the future.
It is, perhaps, but a natural feeling of gratified vanity whith generally
prompts us to take to ourselves more credit than we deserve for results
which we have aided to achieve. In reviewing the brief but wonderful
career of our favored State, we are but too prone to imagine that the
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 75
marvellous results which have been achieved are attributable less to nat-
ural causes than to our superior intelligence, indomitable energy and
profound sagacity. To these 1 attribute a liberal share, but by no
means the greater proportion of the immense progress which California
has made, not only in material wealth, but in all the high walks of civil-
ization.
The true secret of our rapid growth in all that constitutes the real
greatness and grandeur of a State, lies chiefly in the fact that nature has
i'urnishcd us with a genial climate of unparalleled salubrity ; with a
soil of unexampled fertility, diversified with beautiful plains, enchanting
valleys, undulating hills and rugged mountains — the whole being washed
on one side by the Pacific Ocean, with its healthful breezes, and inter-
sected b}' navigable streams from the mountains to the sea. When we
remember that these beautiful ])lains and valleys not only rival the delta
of the Nile in their Avonderful fertility, but far excel it in the variety of
their products and in the salubrity of the climate, and that these rugged
mountains are not only covered with gigantic forests of valuable timber,
but contain within their rocky caverns hidden treasures which have long
since put to an 0]>en shame the story of Aladdin and his lamp, it requires
DO profound political economist to disclose by subtle reasoning the real
secret of our unexampled progress as a people. Where nature has been
so prodigal in her gifts, tempting the husbandman with such generous
returns for his labor, stimulating the enterprise of the miner with such
enormous stores of hidden wealth, and infusing new energy into the
merchant by spreading out before him the Pacific Ocean, with its sunny
islands and its distant shores courting our growing commerce, the won-
der is not that we have accomplished so much but that we have not
accomplished more. The truth is, that we are so absorbed in the daily
pursuits of business, in the fierce strife of politics, in the eager rivalry
for wealth and in the frivolities of fashion, that we but seldom pause to
contemplate the boundless resources of our favored State and to return
thanks to God for the goodly heritage He has given us. Of all people
who breathe the free air of heaven, we have the best re^ison not only to
be satisfied with our condition, but to be devoutly thankful for the innu-
merable blessings which we enjoy. I say this in no spirit of exaggera-
tion, but as a fact which is capable of complete demonstration. Let us
see if it is so.
In the first place, good health is essential to the happiness of every
human being. The poor invalid, pining on his bed of anguish, is blind to
the beauties of nature, deaf to the "concord of sweet sounds," indifferent
to all the appliances of luxury and art, and consumed Mnth the longing,
eager desire for renewed health. In no other country- can there.be found
such assurance of good health as in California. With a genial, agree-
able climate, subject to but few variations in temperature, with an atmos-
phere of wonderful purity, kept. fresh and sweet by the trade winds from
the Pacific, and with no summer showers to produce a putrid mass of
decaj'ing vegetable matter in the summer months, it is not a mat-
ter of surprise that robust health is the general rule, and serious sick-
ness, excejjt from constitutional or abnormal causes, is the rare excep-
tion. All strangers observe the bejiutifully developed forms, the rounded
limbs, swelling bust and rosy cheeks of California children ; and with a
climate so favorable to sound health and muscular development, if we
shall propcrl}- train the moral and mental faculties, the men and women
hereafter to grow up in California will furnish the first types of the
Anglo-Saxon race. The time is not distant when invalids from all parts
76 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
of the world will flock to California to avoid the extreme cold of iS'orth-
orn winters, the sultr}- heat of Southern summers, and to breate the
health-giving breezes of our mountains and valleys.
The g-reat continental railway will soon bring us crowds of such vis-
itors, Avlio will pause amidst the sublime scenerj' of the Sierras to drink
in renewed health by the shores of Donner Lake, or to fish for trout in
the pellucid waters of Lake Tahoe; after which they will find their way
to the world-renowned Yoscmite, to the celebrated Geysers, to Calistoga,
and other fashionable watering places. Thej- will see our magnificent
bay and our great commercial emporium. They will ramble through our
beautiful valleys, and partake of our delicious fruits. They will pluck
oranges and lemons, fresh from the trees, at Los Angeles; delicious peaches
from the orchards of Yuba and El Dorado; luscious figs from the gardens
of Sacramento; monster strawberries from the vines of Santa Clara;
splendid grapes from the vineyards of Sonoma and Contra Costa; and
magnificent plums and pears from any place at which they happen to be.
They will drink pure soda water as it bubbles up from its native fountain
at Napa, or at the Saratoga; of the Pacific. They will feast on raisins
made from California grapes, and grow merry upon wines from California
vinej^ards. Thej- will sleep under the finest blankets in the world, made
from California wool, at California factories. They will replenish their
wardrobes with splendid woollen cloths of California make ; and, if need
be, the ladies of the party can, ere long, purchase fine dresses, woven in
California looms, from California silk. In travelling, they will be con-
veyed in fine coaches of California make, in magnificent steamers con-
structed in California, or over good railroads built at the rate of three
miles per day.
Is this a mere fancj' sketch ? or is it not, on the contrary, the soberest
of realities ? We all know that there is not the least exaggeration in
the picture; and another year will witness just such crowds of visitors
as I have predicted — not only from the Atlantic States, but from Europe
— who will come as invalids in pursuit of health, but will remain from
choice when they shall have realized the true condition of affairs.
But our climate is not all that we have to be thankful for. On the
contrary, we have a soil of such unexampled fertilit3^ and ca]^able of
producing such a variety of useful crops, as to open up avenues of untold
wealth in the future. Long after our mines shall have been exhausted,
when quartz mills and crushers, "longtoms" and rockers, flumes and
sluices, amalgamating pans and roasting furnaces, shall, with us, be re-
membered only as things of the misty past, and cherished like some
golden dream of childhood, our waving fields of grain, our vine-clad
hills, our countless herds dotting the mountains and valleys, our
groves of mulberry feeding many millions of the silkworm, our teem-
ing orchards and blooming gardens, will present a scene of rural
beauty and of agricultural wealth which no other country can rival.
Only think of what we have already accomplished and are now doing in
that respect. In eighteen hundred and fifty-three, flour at San Francisco
was worth forty dollars per barrel, and we paid in one j^ear six or eight
millions of dollars for brcadstuffs imported into this State. This was
but fifteen years ago. In this year of grace, eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight, it is computed that our crop of wheat alone will amount to
about twenty millions of bushels, more than one-half of which will be
sent abroad at remunerative prices. Last year we shipped large quanti-
ties of flour to NeAV York, and sold it at a profit, after paying three dol-
lars per barrel for freight. Very large shipments of grain were also
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 77
made to Europe, with the same favorable results. Thus, in the great
grain markets of the world California already occupies a conspicuous
place, noted not only for the quantity produced, but for the excellence of
its quality. Let it be remembered that we as yet have a population of only
about five hundred thousand, whilst we have about sixty-five millions of
acres suitable for agricultural purposes, less than two millions of which
are in actual cultivation. When it is borne in mind that, owing to the
amazing fertilit}- of the soil and the variety of its products, a family can
be maintained in comfort upon an area incredibly small, as compared
with other countries, it requires no prophetic vision to foresee that,
when our unoccupied millions of acres shall be reduced to cultivation,
and improved methods of culture shall be introduced, we can not only
support a population of many mrilions, but California must, of necessity,
become one of the richest agricultural districts on the habitable globe.
It is, therefore, to the fiirmer, the honest tiller of the soil, that we must
chiefl}' look for the highest development of our material wealth. And
here let me inquire, what other country wears so captivating an aspect
to the thrift}', enterprising, industrious farmer? His lauds will produce
from twenty-five to thirty bushels of gi'ain per acre, with moderate care;
and the next j'ear he will get a good volunteer crop of twelve or fifteen
bushels to the acre, without sowing. His grain is free from weevil, but
seldom damaged by rust or smut, can be harvested without fear of rain,
and then thrashed and piled up in the field until sent to market. The
winters are so mild tliat but little fuel is required, and, for the same
reason, stock demand but little feeding. When we add that all kinds of
stock thrive and grow beyond precedent, comparatively free from dis-
ease, and that the most delicious fruits and the finest vegetables abound
on every side, we com^jlete the picture of this farmers' elysium. But
why need I repeat facts which you all know better than I ? Why
weary you with dry details, which are as familiar to you all as the days
of the week ? SuflSce it to say, that whilst these millions of acres
remain untilled, let no ungrateful wretch complain that he can find no
work for his hands to do in California. Instead of loafing about the
cities earning a precarious living, often by questionable methods, and
daily complaining of a lack of employment, let him go into the country
and rent, if he cannot buy, a small piece of land. If he will then go to
work upon it with courage and industry, abstain from vices, deport him-
self honestly, and thank God that his lot has been cast in so goodly a
land, he will soon have cause of gratitude to me for this advice. If
unmarried, he will soon be worthy to become the husband of some honest
girl, which, if he be a sensible man, he will consider it his bounden duty
to do.
But it is not in agriculture alone that the future wealth and grandeur of
California are to find their culminating point. Much of the raw mate-
rial we produce must be fashioned by the cunning skill of the artisan
into new forms of beauty and utility. Our wool must be woven into
cloths, carpets and blankets; our silk into beautiful fabrics, to adorn our
wives and daughters, and to lend an additional grace to fair women in
other lands. The rough marble in our quarries must be hewn into forms
of grace and beauty, to adorn our dwellings, or perchance to perpetuate
our names by means of urns and obelisks. Our fine woods must be
carved and polished into shapos of symmetry for use or ornament, whilst
our coarser woods are transferred into clipper ships or ocean steamers.
In short, manufacturing and mechanical skill is the twin sister of agri-
"ilture, and the two have thus far advanced in California like two young
78 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
maidens, hand in hand ; at first, with timid, faltci'ing steps, as if doubtful
whether to proceed ; but later, with the firm, eUistic tread of two
coquettish damsels who feel well assured of an easy triumph. In fact,
the struo<rle is already ended and the victor}- won. A State with only
a half million of inhabitants, which can raise in a single 5-ear twenty
millions of bushels of wheat, ten millions of pounds of wool and twelve
millions of gallons of M'ine, is alrcad}- on a firm and stable footing, as
regartls its agricultural interests; and when it can build such steamboats
as now ply on our waters, manufacture such Avoollen fabrics as we have
seen on exhibition, such steam engines as our foundries turn out, such
superb cutlery as we now produce, such magnificent furniture, such
beautiful carriages, such excellent boots and shoes, such sjilendid glass-
ware and pottery, and a thousand other articles whicbl have not sjiace
to enumerate, we maj^ well conclude that California is rapidly assuming
a high position amongst those States most justi}- renowned for mechan-
ical skill and manufacturing enterprise; but we require something in
addition to all this to make us a -really great and prosperous people.
It has been truly and beautifully said tbat commerce is the hand-maid of
agriculture and manufactures, read}' to do their behests and alwaA's await-
ing their commands. It is its province to promote an interchange of
commodities between nations as well as between individual citizens.
Without its aid our surplus grain would rot in our storehouses; our
native wines would find no purchasers; our beautiful woollen fabrics
Avould cease to exist, and our magnificent floating palaces would decay
at their docks. No more railroads would be built, and the shrill music
of the steam whistle would no longer startle the echoes in our mountain
gorges.
Our commerce, though 3'et in its early infanc}', gives promise of a
vigorous youth and a robust maturity. In this respect, also, nature has
lavished her gifts upon us most profusely. She has spread out before us
the great Pacific ocean, which is already whitened with the sails of all
civilized nations; and has carved out from amongst our hills a magnifi-
cent harbor, in which all the navies of the world might safely ride at
anchor. She has ])laced us in a temperate climate, midway between the
northern snows and tropical heats, as if to allure toward our shores the
products of the Arctic and the Torrid zones. She has confronted us with
the vast hordes of Cbina and Japan, upon whom thc*light of a true civ-
ilization is but beginning to dawn. She has filled our mountains with
silver and gold, which are the great mediums of exchange throughout
the world. She has covered our hills with magnificent forests, to supply
us with clipper ships, and with rich copper mines to furnish the fasten-
ings. She has placed us in the direct line of travel, b}* the nearest route,
between Euroj^c and the East Indies. In short, she has so arranged it
that California must of necessity command the trade of this vast ocean ;
and that San Francisco shall become the key to a great commerce, whose
ramifications will penetrate every corner of the civilized world.
Nor have we been slow to avail ourselves of these great advantages.
Large fleets of clipper ships, built expressly for our trade, ride at anchor
in our noble bay. Splendid ocean steamei-s conve}' passengers and
freights up and down our coasts, while our inland waters are daily vexed
witli the keels of heavily laden vessels. Railroads traverse our valleys
in many directions, and more are being riipidl}' constructed. The mer-
chants of San Francisco have erected a magnificent exchange for the
conduct of commercial transactions; whilst our bankers receive and send
forth from their marble palaces daily streams of gold, to fructify industry
STATE ACIUCULTURAL S0CI£;TY. 79
and invigorate our commerce. In addition to all tliFs, we have recently
establislu'd a line of ocean steanxers to China and Ja]>an, which i.s to open
a new chapter in the history of those ancient and m3\stcrious nations.
Their mll^ty secrets are to be revealed, their habits and modes of life
scrutinized, their industries examined and their commerce vastly
enlari^ed. To the people of California this enterprise is one of immense
significance. It foreshadows a commercial intcrcoui-se with those rich
and populous em]»ircs which at an earl}' day will swell into vast propoi*-
tions as seriously to affect the great channels of trade throughout the
world; and there are some persons who are sanguine in the belief that,
owing to our central position on the great highwu}' of travel, between
the Occident and tiie Orient, the day is not far remote when San Fran-
cisco will become, as London now is, the great centre of exchange for
the whole world.
But tlie ocean line to China and Japan would be comparatively of
little value unless it connected with a railwaj' across the continent. This
great liidc in the highway of nationals already nearly an acccomplishcd
fact. The summits of the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains have
been scaled by the iron horse, who has frightened the buffalo and the"
grizzly bear from their accustomed haunts, and is pushing his trianaphant
way rapidi}" across the arid plains of the Great Basin. In a few short
months this o-io-antic work will stand forth, in all its beautiful and grand
proportion, an accomplished fact, a marvel of engineering skill, a noble
monument of national and individual enterprise; no longer a myth, a
chimera of the brain, but a glorious, visible, tangible reality, creating
and dispensing wealth, peopling the desert places, building up towns
and cities, with churches and school houses, and distributing abroad the
rich products of our own and other lands. I shall thank God if I shall
be permitted to live to witness this realization of so grand a scheme of
national improvement. In the year eighteen hundred and fifty-one,
whilst residing at St. Louis, I delivered an address on the occasion of
breaking ground for the construction of the Hannibal and St Joseph
Railroad, in the State of Missouri; and on that occasion I said : " The
time is not far distant when you will be able to travel from St. Joseph,
on the Indian frontier, to Boston, the heart of New England, or from
New Orleans, on the Gulf, to New York, on the Atlantic, in the space of
three days. Nor, I hope, is the day very remote, when the costh' fabrics
of the East Indies and the gold of California will be conveyed from
the El Dorado of the Pacific to St. Louis, the metropolis of the west, in
the short space of five or six days." I then had but a faint hope that' I
should live to see this prediction verified ; and yet, seventeen years
later, here I am to-day, in the Capital of California, at the opposite end
of the great railway, within a stone's throw of its locomotives, as they
come thundering down from the summit of the Sierra Nevada, eight
thjousand feet above the level of the sea, and rejoicing with you at the
near consummation of this great enterprise ! Having aided to inaugu-
rate its commencement, at one of its Eastern termini, I shall esteem
myself doublj" fortunate if it shall be mj- lot to unite with you at its
Western tormins, in celebrating its completion. The day on which the
first through train from New York arrives at Sacramento will mark a
new epoch in our history, and should be celebrated with bonfires and the
ringing of bells, to attest our appreciation of it.
Having thus discussed in a most discursive manner our condition and
prospects as an agricultural, manufacturing and commercial people, it
ma^- naturally be expected that some space should be devoted to our
80 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
mining interests, which have hitherto engrossed so large a share of
public attention, and have exerted so tremendous an influence upon our
own and other States. But the theme is too prolific to be condensed
within the narrow space wliich I could allot it, and must be deferred to
some future occasion, if such an one should occur.
But, in conclusion, I beg to remind you that material wealth alone is
not the only nor the chief foundation of national greatness or individual
happiness If the sails of our ships should whiten every sea; if we
should find a Comstock ledge in every county in the State; or an
Amador mine at evciy cross road ; if every trader wei-e a merchant
pi'incc, and every farmer a millionaire, our gold would turn to worthless
dross, and our riches become a hideous nightmare, unless we combined
with them virtue, intelligence, patriotism and high moral principle.
Without these we should be but an ignoble race, and would quickly fall
into a premature decay.
It is, therefore, our solemn duty, not only to practice and inculcate these
virtues, but to instil them into our clrildren, who are quickly to succeed us.
As the most potent means to accomplish this end, we niust build up,
'foster and liberally support our schools and seminaries of learning. The
sons and daughters of our farmers must be something more ihan farm
laborers and household drudges. The}' must be intelligent and culti-
vated men and women, profoundly imbued with patriotic feeling and
with high moral principle, before we can safol}' confide to them the future
destin}- of this glorious young State. Our public and private schools
have already attained a high degree of proficiency, but a great deal in
that respect yet remains to be accomplished, and I hail it as one of the
great events of the da}'', that a State University is soon to be established
on a liberal basis, which will bring the means of a thorough education
within the reach of all. But there is an important means of education
outside of schools and colleges which should not be overlooked. Let
every farmer inculcate upon his children a taste for reading, a fondness
for literature; let him furnish them libei-all}' with suitable books and
newspapers, and particularly those pertaining to agriculture and horti-
culture. He will quickly find that he has planted a germ which will
rapidly expand into usefulness and beauty. As yet our State has not
been prolific in such publications; but we have one, the Califonua
Farmer, first issued in January, 1854, and which, antidst many discour-
agements, has been difi'iising light and knowledge on such subjects for
more than fourteen years past. Such enterprise and perseverance as this
deserves a generous reward; and, in this age of j)rogress, it is to the
public press that we are in a great measure indebted for the rapid strides
W"e are making towards a yet higher civilization.
And now, my friends, it only i-emains for me to congratulate you on
the brilliant future which awaits this grand young State, and the bright
prospects which are opening out before the larmers of California. With
a countr}^ so favored by nature, so blessed of (Jod, in all that contributes
to the haj^piness of man, with a wise and benificent form of government
protecting us in our rights of person and jiroperty, stimulating enter-
prise, diffusing intelligence and dispensing its kinclly but invigorating
influence through all the pursuits of life, if we perform our duty as
intelligent, ]iati iotic and upright men and women, California will soon
become the brightest star which is emblazoned on our national flag — the
crowning gem in our nation's diadem.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 81
ADDRESS BY GENERAL J. BIDWELL.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER
EIGU.TEENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT.
About nine p. m. John Bidwell, of Butte, was introduced to the
audience by I. X. Hoag, and delivered a neat and forcible speech,
commencing b}' extolling the exhibition as far surpassing its prede-
cessors, lie said that if we went on progressing in the future as we
had done in the past, hardly any man could anticipate our future great-
ness; but although we had done much, much still remained to be done.
Wherever he had been upon the Atlantic seaboard, he had found a
dearth of general intelligence concerning California — her products and
her capacity. It would redound to the great benefit of this State if
there should be sent to the Department of Agriculture at Washington,
from some reliable source, specimens of our cereals and other products, '
properly labelled and glass-jarred. He had raised some wheat upon his
farm which he defied anybody to beat, and he would like to have some
of that wheat exhibited in the Patent Office at Wasliington. He was
told there was some wheat in the exhibition which could l^eat his; if so.
all he could say was that it must -be exceedingl}- good, for be believed
his wheat to be the best ever raised in California. It would be of real
advantage to the State, in his judgment, if the State Agricultural Society
would collect and forward specimens of our products to the Agricultural
Bureau at Washington If the masses upon the Atlantic seaboard could
see a worthy exhibition of our products, thousands would come here
who had at present no idea of leaving the East. He really believed that
within the next five years the population of this State would be more
than trebled, and thought that our State was capable of sustaining many
millions of inhabitants. In the way of manufactures we could, even
now, in our infanc}', compete in the quality of the articles ma'nufactured.
with any country in the world. We were only in the morning dawn of
our existence, and our career was onward and upward. The great lal)or
question of our country, he thought, would solve itself. He believed the
steam plow, if not already a success, was assuredly destined to be so in
a short period. He believed that steam, that great power which was
now moving the woidd, would eventually, and that at no distant period,
be applied to pulverizing the ground; and that was nearly the whole
secret of farming. Failure of good crops generally resulted from want
of proper plowing — proper pulverizing of the soil The old plow should!
be thrown away ; it would not answer, as it rather polislied than pul-
verized the soil. Xothing but steam would accomplish the latter pur-
pose. When he gazed around him and saw what had been accomplished
in this State, and then looked foi-ward and attempted to grasp its future,
he was overwhelmed. He AVTas proud to be a citizen of the United
States, and proud to be a resident of California, the brightest part of all
I America. We had surmounted every obstacle in the way of making our
I country respected, permanent and great, and we were imbued with all
i the elements of perpetuity ; there was no nation in the world that would
i nor dare to attack us. We were able to compete with foreign nations
I either in the pursuits of peace or on the field of battle, and there was no
1 taller man upon this globe than a free Amei-ican citizen.
\ 11
82 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
TRIALS OF SPEED IN 1868.
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trottiny Race. — Mile heats ; free for all stallions ; purse — three hundred
^ dollars.
Entries.
J. B. Gallar enters b. 8. Hiram Woodruff.
C. H. Shear enters g. s. Paddy Magee.
P. Hopkins enters br s. Ben Franklin.
Result.
Paddy Magee Ill
. Ben. Franklin 2 3 dis.
Hiram Woodruff 3 2 2
TYme— 2:43; 2:33i; 2:34^
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race — Mile heats ; three in five ; free for |11 horses that have
never beaten two-fifty; purse — one hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
J. B. Gallar enters g. g. Robin Rough.
C. H. Shear enters b. g Broderick.
L. G. Butler enters dun g. Billy Poorman.
0. Lewis enters b. g. General Grant.
1. La Rook enters eh. m. Columbia Maid.
Resxilt.
Billy Poorman 2
General Grant 3
Robin Rough 1
•Columbia Maid 4
Broderick dis.
r/me— 2:44; 2:43J ; 2:43| ; 2:43 J; 2:46i.
2
1
2
1 1
1
2
1
4 dis
3
3
3
2 2
4
4
4
3 dis
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, 88
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16tii.
FIRST TRIAL.
Rnnnh'ij Race. — Two-mile heats; free for all; purse — four hundred dol-
lars.
JEntries.
C. S. Williams enters b. s. Compromise, sired by Langford ; dam, Fanny
Howard, by Medoc.
X. Coombs enters ch. sorrel Glenwild, sired by Billy Cheatham ; dam.
Emma Taylor, by imp. Glencoe.
John Hall enters Isola, sired by Colossus; dam, Zador, by imp. Bel-
shazzar.
Thomas Atchison enters Bloomsbury, sired by Boston ; dam by Orphan
Boy.
Result.
Bloomsbury 2 11
Isola 3 3 2
Compromise 12 3
Glenwild 4 dis.
riW— 3:39; 3:44f; 3:48.
SECOND TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile and repeat; free for all three year olds; purse —
three hundred dollars.
JSntries.
Thomas Winters enters b. m. Lou. Barnes; sire, Belmont; dam, Evadne,
by Winnebago.
C. S. Williams enters b. s. Kirby Smith ; sire, Gladiator ; dam, U K.
R. T. O'Hanlon enters Cricket, by Eifleman; dam. Fashion, by Bel-
mont.
Result.
Lou. Barnes 1 1
Kirby Smith 2 2
Cricket 3 dis.
Twie—1:A9'2; l:49f.
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Three in five; free for all ; purse — three hundred dol-
lars.
84 TFANSACTIONS OF THE
Entries.
J. L. Eoff enters bl. ^. J. G. Downej'.
B. Rice enters b. g. Gus Bil<fer.
J. B. Galliir enters b. m. May Queen.
Cha.8. H. Sbear enters g. 8. Paddy Mageo.
Result.
May Queen Ill
J.G.Downey 2 2 2
Paddy Magee dis.
Gus Bilgor dis.
rme— 2:29; 2:29i ; 2:31.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — ]\Iile beats; three in fivej free for all six ^-ear olds, or
under, raised in California; purse — three hundred dollars.
Entries.
W. C. Merrill enters b. h. Jim.
John Thompson enters g. g. C. W. Moulthroj^.
J. Daniels enters b. g. Kegulator.
Result.
Moulthrop 112 2 2
Regulator 2 2 111
Jim dis.
^Yme— 2:1U; 2:37; 2:32|; 2:35J ; 2:33i.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18tii.
FIRST TRIAL. *
Running Race. — Two-mile heats ; free for all three year olds; purse —
four hundred dollars.
Entries.
Thomas Atchison enters dark b. m. White Stocking, by Volcian ; dam,
U K; three j^ears old.
Theo. Winters enters b. f Lou. Barnes, b}- Belmont; dam, P>adne, by
Winnebago.
C. B. Lusk enters Cricket, by Rifleman; dam, Fashion, by Belmont.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 85
Result.
Lou. Barnes 1 1
White Stocking 2 2
Cricket withdrawn.
r/me— 3:55 2-5; 4:02 J.
SECOND TRIAL.
Runninj Race. — Mile and repeat; free for all; pur.se — three hundred
dollars.
Entries.
N. Coombs enters ch. g. Mjly-bc-so, b}^ Ashland ; dam, Becky Eector, by
Medoc.
J. F. Walker enters s. s. Lancas.ter, by Owendale; dam, U K; four
years old.
E. T. Leet enters b. s. Ten Brock, by Cosmo; dam, Fanny Howard.
Result.
Ma}'- be-so 1 1
Lancaster 2 2
Ten Brock 3 3
Tmie— 1:49J; 1:51^.
SATUEDAY, SEPTEMBEE 19th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Two miles and repeat; free for all; purse — four hun-
dred dollars.
Entries.
J. L. Eoff enters b. g. J. Ci. Downey.
B Eice enters b. g. Gus. Bilger.
J. B. Gallar enters b. m. May Queen.
Result.
Downey 1 1
Bilger 2 2
May Queen withdrawn.
7^/7716—5:17*; 5:16i
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race — Mile heats; three in five; free for all horses that have
never shown better than two forty-five; purse — two hundred dollars.
so TRANSACTIONS OF THi;
Entries.
L. G. Butler enters b. m. Lady Belle.
J. Gr. Gallar enters ^. g Roscoe.
Pat. Farrell enters bk. m. Jersey Maid.
Result.
Lady Belle I 1 dis.
Jersey Maid 2 2 1
Roscoe dis.
rme— 2:44; 2:36f; 2:40.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 21st.
FIRST TRIAL.
Race. — Free for all trotters and pacers; three-mile heats; purse — five
hundred dollars.
Entries.
S. Daniels enters ch. s. Bob Burns.
J. L. Eoff enters bl. h. J. G. Downey.
Pat. Farrell enters s. g. Longfellow.
Result.
Longfellow 1 1
Downey 2 2
Bob Burns dis.
Tme— 7:53; 8:11.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Mile heats; three in five ; free for all four year olds or
under; purse — one hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
Geo. Ingles enters dk. b. s. F. F. Low.
J. A. Mayfield enters g. h. Billy Haywood. ™
Geo. Evans enters b. f. Harvest Queen. ■
Result. .4
F. F. Low 1 1 \'
Harvest Queen 2 2 2
Billy Haywood 3 dis.
Time—2A\i; 2:44; 2:42}. |
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 87
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22d.
FIRST TRIAL.
Runnimj R<ice. — Single dash of three miles; free for all; purse — three
hundred dollars.
Entries.
J. N. King enters b. m. Dolly.
John Hall enters b. m. Isola.
E. S. Williams enters b. s. Compromise.
Result.
Compromise 1
Isola 2
Dolly '...withdrawn.
Time—b:U\.
SECOND TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile heats ; three in five ; free for all second-class
horses; purse — two hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
Theo. Winters enters b. m. Nevada.
D. P. Diggs enters s. m. Red Morocco.
N. Coombs enters ch. g. May-be-so.
C. S. Williams enters b. s. Kirby Smith.
James Welsh enters s. s. Ben Franklin.
J. B. Holland enters s. m. Ellen Moore.
Result.
May-be-so 112 4 1
Ellen Moore 2 2 5 5 dis.
Ben Franklin 3 5 4 3 dr.
KirbySmith 4 3 112
Nevada 5 4 3 2 3
Red Morocco 6 dis.
r/me— 1:48; l:49i; 1:49|; 1:50; l:49i
THIRD TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile heats; free for all two year olds; purse — one
hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
Theo. Winters enters b. c. Ramrod, by Rifleman; dam, S. Davis.
John Hall enters b. c. Sacramento, hj Rifleman; dam. Bonny Belle, by
Belmont.
N. Coombs enters c. c. Tophet, by Ashland; dam, by Billy Cheatham.
88 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
RcHult.
Saoraincnto 12 1
Tophet 2 12
Eaniroil 3 3 dis.
7Vme— 1:50 2-5; 1:5U; 1:53.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23d.
FIRST TRIAL.
PactiKj Riicc. — Mile beats ; three in five ; free for all ; pur.-e — three hun-
dred dollars.
Entries.
0. H. Shear enters gr. m Empress.
L. G. Butler enters b. g. Mike O'Brien.
M. Doil entei-s g. g. Wonder.
Pat. Farrell enters s. g. Longfellow.
Result.
Longfellow Ill
Empress 2 2 2
Mike O'Brien 3 dis.
Wonder dis.
y/mc— 2:28; 2:35f; 2:36 J.
SECOND TRIAL. ,
Double Team Race. — Mile beats; three in five; free for all trotters;
purse — five hundred dollars.
Entries.
J. B. Gallar enters g g. Glencoe Chief and eh. 8 MeClellan.
C. II. Shear enters g. s. Paddy Magec and sorrel Charle}-.
John Daniels enters b. g. Eegulator and bl. g. Downey.
Result.
Glencoe Chief and mate Ill
Regulator and mate 2 2 ' 2
Paddy Magee and mate dis.
7'me— 2:48; 2:40|; 2:42.
I
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 89
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 24th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Runnhig Race. — Milo heats; three in five; free for all; purse — four
hundred dollars.
Un tries.
Thos. Atchison enters b. s. Bloomsbuiy, by Boston, out of dam of Or-
phan Boy.
C. T. Williams enters b. s. Compromise, by Langford; dam. Fanny
Howard, by Medoe.
S. Daniels enters Lucy Long, by Mcdoc ; dam, U K.
Result.
Compromise rDeadhoat") 111
Bloomsbury } for [-222
Lucj' Long (_ ail three. ) dis.
Time— 1:50; l:52f; 1:50; 1:51|.
SECOND TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile and repeat ; free for all beaten horses; purse —
three hundred dollars.
Entries.
J. T. Walker enters s. c. Lancaster, by Owen Dale ; dam, U K.
John Holland enters s m. Ellen Moore, by George Moore; dam, U K.
. C. S. Williams enters b. s. Kirbj- Smith, by Gladiator; dam, U K.
Res^ilt.
Lancaster 3 11
Ellen Moore 13 3
Kirby Smith 2 2 2
rrme— 1:581; 1:47 J; l:50h
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25th.
FIRST TRIAL,
Race. — Five miles out; free for all trotters and pacers; purse — five
hundred dollars.
Untries.
Pat. Farrell enters s. g. Longfellow.
■ S. Daniels enters s. h. Bob Burns.
Dan. Denison enters s. g. April Fool.
J. A. Mayhue enters b. g. Dick Gough.
12
90 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Result.
Longfellow 1
Dick Gough 2
Bob Burns 3
April Fool 4
Time. — First mile — 2:44-^; second mile — 2:45; third mile — 2:4GJ; fourth
mile— 2:51; fifth mile— 2:42 J. Total— 13:49.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Mile heats; three in five; free for all horses that have
never beaten two-forty ; purse — two hundred dollars.
Entries.
John Daniels enters Eobinson Crusoe.
Samuel Daniels enters ch. s. McClellan.
S. C. Bowley enters dun m. Jersey Maid.
C. B. Lush enters s g. Son-el Charley.
I. La Rook enters b. s. Ben Franklin.
Mike Murphy enters r. m. Genoa Maid.
Result.
McClellan 12 11
Sorrel Charley 2 12 2
Jersey Maid 8 8 dis
Ben. Franklin 5 5 dis.
Genoa Maid 4 4 dis.
Eobinson Crusoe drawn.
Tme— 2:40i; 2:39| ; 2:38; 2:43 J.
THIRD TRIAL.
Trottiwj Race. — Mile and repeat; free for all three year olds; purse —
one hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
Pat. Farrell enters s g. Westfield.
J. L. Eoff enters b. m. Smith Mare.
George Evans enters b. s. Ajax.
Result.
Ajax 1
Westfield dis.
Smith Mare drawn.
Time—2:bb.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
91
PREMIUMS AWARDED IN 1868.
FIRST DEPARTMENT.
THOROUHBRED HORSES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
John Hall Alameda
StnlUona.
Best stallion, four years old and
j I over — Woodburn
John Hall Alameda |Best stallion, three years old and
over — Jonathan
L. P. Marshall Sacramento. ...'Best stallion, two years old and
I I over — Medoc
John Hall Alameda :Best stallion colt, under one year —
I Ulys
Mares.
Best mare, four years old and over,
with colt — Moss Rose
Best mare, four years old and over —
Flora Gardner
Solano !Best mare, two years old — Maggie
Dale
Sacramento.... Best mare colt, under one year —
I Florita
John Hall
R. T. Leet
Theodore Winters...
R. T. Leet
Alameda
Sacramento...
..S50
..840
..$30
..$15
,.$50
..$40
..$25
,$15
HORSES— FAMILIES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Daniel Flint Sacramento.
J. G. McCracken Sacramento..
Best dam, other than thoroughbred,
with not less than three colts —
Netty Bly, and her three colts —
Yankee Blade, Maid of the Mist
and Sam Patchen
Best stallion, other than thorough-
bred, with not less than ten of his
colts — David Hill, and family —
David Hill, Jr., Forney, Fred,
Dexter, Alice Clapp, Victoria,
Runyou, Dash, War Eagle and
Manassas
,.$40
..$75
92
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
HORSES OF ALL WORK.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
I
J. G. JlcCracken Sacramento
I
S. Treat Sacramento
J. C. Clark ISacramento
A. E. Burncs Sacramento
C. H. Shear..
W. M. Alien
John Brewster.,
Sacramento,
Solano
Sacramento.
S. Treat jSacramento,
J. G. MeCrackcn ; Sacramento
SloUiona.
... Best stallion, four years old and
over — David Hill, Jr
... Best stallion, three years old and
over — Comet
... Best stallion, two years old — Green
Mount.-iin Boy
... Best stallion, one year old — Young
Bacchus •.
J fares.
... Best mare, four years old and over,
with colt — Alice Mandeville and
colt
... Best mare, four years old and over —
White Stocking
... Best mare, three j-ears old — Wood-
bridge Filly
... Best mare, two j'cars old — Dash
...iBest mare, one year old — Alice
Clapp
GRADED HORSES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
C. B. Hoffman El Dorado
D. Frame Sacramento....
Thomas Day
C.B.Hoffman El Dorado,
Thomas Edwards.... Sacramento..
Thomas Edwards..
A. Musick
A. Musick
C. B. Hoffman
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
El Dorado...
Stallions.
Best stallion, four years old and
over — Lexington
Best stallion, three years old — G. W.
Moore
Best stallion, two years old — Chas.
Hosmer
Best stallion, one year old — Mike
Riddle •..
Best colt, under one year, either
sex — Norfolk Rattler Slo
Marrs.
Best mare, four years old and over,'
with colt — Nettie and colt [ ^I^l
Best marc, four years old — Salliei
Franklin !
Best mare, two years old — Polly i
Moore ' •'?15
Best mare, one year old — Ida Men- 1
kin ' !?10
Note. — We, the committee, find that Theodore Winters has Ramrod entered in class of two
year old graded stallions for competition, and entered him in a race for two year olds, and for
such cause is excluded from premiums. — Committee.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
93
DRAFT HORSES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
II. Wilsey i Sonoma.
I
J. R. Northrup Sacramento.
R.S. Carer 'Yolo.
William Baudeen Sncramento .
W. B. Gibson Yolo
Stnlliints.
Best stallion, four years old and
over — Young Raleigh
Best gtnllion, two years old — Young
'Wallace
Marea.
Best marc, three years old — Katy
Gregg
Best mare, two years old — Lade
Best mare, one year old — Clydesdale
,.$30
..$15
..S20
,.$15
..$10
ROAD.STER HORSES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
A.J. Rhoads Sacramento
•J. Zumalt Sacramento
Daniel Flint Sacramento
StnllioiiK.
Best stallion, four j'ears old — Gen-
eral Tavlor
Best stallion, three years old — Cap-
itol Boy
Btst stallion, two years old — Sam
I j Patchen
J. W. Thompson Pluma? |Best gelding, four j'a -.rs old and
over — Sam i
I Jfares. \
A. Guerrero San Francisco. | Best mare, four j'oars ola and over-
Jennie Noyes
A. F. Smith Sacramento
A. 2\eubaur Sacramento
,.$40
..$.30
..820
..$30
Best mare, three years old — Lady
Woodruff
Best mare, two j-ears old — Char-
lotte
Note. — Lady Bell trotted in a
race for society's purse, and is there-
fore excluded from competition for
premium, according to rules. — Com-
m itiee.
Jno. C. Morrison, Jr. San Francisco. Best matched team of carriage horses
— Kate Allen and Hottie Allen,
Bangor and Norwich, and Hebe
and P.^yche
E. M. Skaggs 'Sacramento....; Best double team roadsters — Lady
B'ill and Lady Washington
Note. — Roscoe and Robin Ruff,
having trotted in a race, are ex-
cluded from taking premium. — Com-
niiUee.
R. S. Carev Yolo 'Best saddle horse— Tom
..$30
..$20
..$15
..$40
,.S40
..$15
94
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
COLTS.
Exhibitor.
llesidcnec.
Animal.
Prciniiim.
A. J. Rhoads Sacramento..
AV. A. Boggs Sacramento..
C. Gosling Sacramento..
L. A. IIj)Son Sacramento..
C. Gosling .■ 'Sacramento.
Horac.
Best yearling — Jim Moore $30
Best suckling — Young Taylor j $20
Mnrc. j
Best yearling — .Jessie ' $20
Best suckling — Rosalie i §15
Best exhibit of not less than six
colts, owned by one person, of|
any sex or age — Flora's family of,
eight colts S50
SWEEPSTAKE HORSES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Whipple and Teakle San Mateo...
R. T. Leet Sacramento.
Best stallion of any age — Specula-
tion
Best mare of any age — Flora
.§100
...$75
JACKS AND MULES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
E. Jacobs
Thomas Edwards....
Marion Biggs, Jr....
Perry Scars.,
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sonoma
Best jack — Sampson I $50
Best jennet — Lady Franklin | $40
Best pair mules— Dolores and Mari-l *
quita I Silver cup
Best mule colt j Silver cup
DURHAM CATTLE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
G. N. Swezy,
G. N. Swezy
G N. Swezv
G. N. Swezy
Yuba iBestbuU, four years old and over —
Apis j
Best cow, four years old — Kate
Dunn
Best heifer calf*— Snowflake
Best cow, one year old — Beauty [
,.$40
..$.30
..$10
..$15
STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY.
95
DEVON CATTLE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Seneca Daniels.
J. K. Rose
Seneca Daniels.
Seneca Daniels,
Seneca Daniels,
Seneca Daniels
Seneca Daniels
Seneca Daniels
Seneca Daniels
Seneca Daniels
Biilh.
Sonoma 'Best bull, four years old and over —
Pacific
Sonoma Best bull, three years old — Bloom-
field
Sonoma Best bull, two years old — Bucepha-
lus
Sonoma Best bull, one year old — 'N ictor
Sonoma Best bull calf — Puritan
C'oics.
Sonoma Best cow, four years old and over —
Fashion
Sonoma Best cow, three years old — Fairy....
Sonoma Best cow, two years old — Annie
Sonoma Best cow, one year old — Nelly
Sonoma Best heifer calf — Lassie
,.$40
,.$25
,.i=!20
..$15
,.sio
,.$30
,.$25
,.$20
,.$15
,.$10
AYRSHIRE CATTLE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Seneca Daniels.
Seneca Daniels.
Sonoma.,
Sonoma.
Best bull, four years old and over-
Sir Walter
Best cow, four years old and over-
Ruth
,.$40
,.$30
GRADED CATTLE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
G. N. Swezy.,
M. Wick
P. Burns
G. N. Swezy.
A. W. Butler
G. N. Swezy.
Peter Burns..
G. N. Swezy.
G. N. Swezy.
Tuba
Butte
Sacramento.
Yuba
Sacramento.
Yuba
Sacramento.
Yuba
Y'uba
Bulls.
Best bull, four years old and over-
Walsh
For bull, four years old and over-
Bedford
Best bull, one year old — George...
Best bull calf — Franklin
Cows.
Best cow, four years old and over-
Peggy
Best cow, three years old — Queen.
Best cow, two years old and over-
Strawberry ..
Best cow, one year old and over-
Jeunie .•
Best heifer calf — Amelia
..$30
.Special— $10
$15
$10
..$30
..$20
..$15
..$10
..$10
90
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
DRAFT CATTLE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
C. Luce Best yoke draft cattle — Bright and
Brill
CATTLE SWEEPSTAKES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
G.N. Swezy
G N Swe7V
Yuba Best bull, of any age — Apis
$50
$40
SHEEP.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Landrum, Butter-
field cfc Co
Landrum, Butter-
field & Co
Santa Cruz.
Santa Cruz.,
Best stock ram, two j-ears old and
Best three ewes, two years and overi
,.S10
..$10
SPANISH MERINO SHEEP.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
I Hams.
J. D. Patterson Alameda JBcst ram, two years old and over —
Kearsarge
Thos. Cotter |Sacramento....|Best ratn, two years old — Jerome
Maddo
J. D. Patterson .\lanicd;]
J. D. Patterson..,
Thos. McConnolL.
Alameda
Sacramento.
Best three lambs
Ewea.
Best three ewes, two years and over
Best three ewes, under two years....
,.$20
,.$15
,.$15
,.$15
..$15
FRENCH MERINO.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
! Jinms.
J. D. Patterson Alameda Best r.-in, two years and over.
J. D. Patterson.
J. D. Pattorson.
J. D. Patterson.
J. I). Patterson.
J. D. Patterson.
Alameda.,
Alameda.
Alameda.
,-\lanieda.
Alameda.
Best ram, under two years
Best three ram lamb."
Exces.
Best three ewes, two years and over
Best three ewes, under two years —
Best five ewe lambs
..$20
,.$15
..$15
,.$15
,.$15
..$15
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
97
GRADED SHEEP.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
ADimal.
Premiam.
J. D. Patterson.
Thos. Cotter
Thos. Cotter..
Thos. Cotter..
Hams.
Alameda 'Best ram, under two years
Sacramento.... I Best three ram lambs .
Ewes. I
Sacramento Best three ewes, two years and over .
Sacramento Best three ewes, under two years....!,
i
,.$10
..$15
..$10
..$10
SHEEP— SWEEPSTAKES.
Exhibitor.
PiGsidence.
Animal.
Premium.
Landrum, Buttcr-iSanta Cruz
field & Co I
J. D. Patterson JAIameda
J. D. Patterson lAlameda
I
Best buck, of any age or breed —
Sir Wallace
Best ewe, of any age or breed
Best pen of not less than five ewes..
..$25
..$20
..$25
CASHMERE GOATS.
E.xhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Landrum &
field
Butter-
Santa Cruz
E. Holland
Landrum &
field
Butter-
Best thoroughbred buck — named
Harmless
Best thoroughbred she goat — Annie
Best pen of three goats, graded.
,.$20
..$15
,.$15
SWINE— SMALL BREEDS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Premium.
Jas. Robinson Sacramento Best boar two years old and over —
I Cap
Peter Burns Sacramento....! Best boar six months and under one
year — Dick
.Jas. Robinson Sacramento Best sow one year old — Capitola
Jas. Robinson Sacramento.... Best pen of six pigs
,.$15
..$10
..$10
..$20
13
98
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
POULTRY.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Peter Burns ISacramcnto.
A. Devve 'Sacramento.
I
P. Burns Sacramento.
P. Burns Sacramento.
Animal.
Premium.
Best lot magpie ducks j $5
Best lot China, Knglish and Amer-
ican geese to
Best lot Jersey blue chickens $5
Best lot white and gray dorkings...., $5
RECOMMEXDATIONS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Animal.
Landrura, Butter-, Santa Cruz !For one pair Buckwell Leicester,
pure bred, also two Lincoln rams,
shearlings
One Cotswold ram, two Cotswold
ram lambs, five Cotswold ewes,
field & Co..
t
II. F. Buckley Bros..|Snclling.
one Cotswold ewe lamb.,
Premium.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
SECOND DEPARTMENT.
MACHINERY.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
J. B. Johnson 'San Francisco.
II. B. Martin
II. B. Martin
H. B. Martin
G. M. Ocrrish
Pacific Iron Works..
Pacific Iron Works..
Robert Blair
Robert Blair
M. an.l A. Wilco.x...
Dctriik & Eckart ...
Dotrick & Eckart ^..
San PraiR'isco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco,
San Francisco.
J. S. Ditrlck San Francisco.
11. B. Martin & Co^.iSan Francisco.
M. D. Las-well 'San Francisco.
Chiirlos .McLau^rhlin San F"rancisco.
John II. Ball iGrass Valley...
Patent friction hoist
Oscillating steam engine
Oscillating force pump
Rotary force pump
Submerged double-acting pump
Fifty-horse-power engine, with pa-
tent cut-off
Iron shaping machini'
Model steam engine
Two Hendy concentrators
Water lifter
Balance oscillating steam engine....
Pocket ccjuntcr, fur registering rev-
olutions of machinery
Eccentrical chuck
Oscillating hydrostatic engine
Suction force pump
Combination brick press
Elevator for snow and other sub-
stances
...First — Diploma.
?pecial — Diploma.
First.
Special.
...First — Diploma.
First.
First— $U'
Special
First
First— $10
.First — Silver medal
.Honorable mention
First— Diploma
First — Dijdomn
First— Diploma
First— Diploma
.Honorable lucntioD
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
MACHINERY— Continued.
99
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Kimball & Hughes..
W. T. Garratt
H. Lake, for N.
Lumsden, inventor
5. Rohrer
H. vS. Smith
Union Iron Works ..
Union Iron Works ..
Charles E. Blake
H. Petrson
H. Peterson
Casebolt <t Kerr
G. P. Kiml.all
6. P. Kimball
C. A. Fargo
Betts <t Fooks
D. Jones
S. W. Voorhies
I. F. Street
R. Rutter
Coffin & Standish ...
Baker <t Hamilton .,
W. B. Ready
E. Kimball
W. B. Ready
Marshall & McGow-
an
W. B. Ready .
A. M. Burnes ..
Marshall & McGow-
Bakcr & Hamilton .,
Baker & Hamilton .,
E. Walton
P. H. Murphy
P. H. Murphy
P. H. Murphy
D. Flint
J. S. Harbison
T. C. Hammond
G. C. McMullen.
C. Parker
F. B. Lamb
J. Dodge
F. T. Houghton.
B. F. Cook
San Francisco. Tire upsetter First — Diploma.
San Francisco. Display of brass work First — Silver medal.
B. F. & B. .Jackson.
W. M. Jackson
J. ?r. Seeley
F. B. Lamb
Colonel Warren......
Baker & Hamilton .
Garvey & Kimball.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacrameuto....
San Francisco.
Antioch
Autioch
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
San Francisco.
Vallejo
San Jose
Vallejo
Martinez
S.acramento....
Sacramento....
San Quentin...
Sacramento....
.First — Diploma.
'Patent screw machine for makiD°
boots
Portable forge ' Honorable mention.
Dunbar's steam packing Special.
'Patent elliptic boiler-tube scraper...! ...Special — Diploma.
'Automatic lubricator | Special — Diploma.
Safety valve for fire hose First — Diploma.
Spring hammer ; Fir.-t — Diploma.
Hydraulic coupling Honirable mention.
Family carriage First — $25
Top buggy ' First — Diploma.
Display of thoroughbrace vehicles Diplorra.
Farm wagon and brake ' First — $10
i California- made carriage springs | First — Diploma.
Improved iron axles , First — $3
Wagon jack I First — Diploma.
Portable wagon bed- j Honorable mention.
'Floating battery ...Special — Silver medal.
Steam plough Mayflower First — $300 and diploma.
'Two-gang plough First — $15
Three-gang plough First— $20
■Plough for general use ' First — $10
'Steel plough .! First— $10
Sacramento....! Cast iron plough ] First — $10
Sacramento.... I Di-splay of ploughs First — $10
San Francisco. Self-loading excavator Diploma.
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Stockton
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Solano
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Grass Valley...
San Francisco.
Napa
Yolo County...
Yolo County...
San Francisco,
San Francisco
San Francisco
Sacramento...
San Francisco
I Display of agricultural machines ofj
j California make First — $25
'Threshing machine ' Diploma.
I Wheat drill, two-horse I First — So
! Hay fork First— $3
Hand co"rn planter First — $2
Two-horse corn cultivator ! First — $5
Seed sower and coverer, combined..! First — S5
! Farm gate ' First— $3
j Beehive | First— $3
! Model grading and excavating ma-|
I chine ! Honorable mention.
'Washing machine I First — S3
Clothes wringer First — S2
! Clothes-horse and dryer First — $2
Garden hoe First— $2
.Automatic clothes washer First — Diploma.
i Combined thresher, header and sep-
arator
Grain conveying machine
I Grain lifter, as an attachment to a
header
Mop wringer
Vegetable cutter , Honorable mention.
Churn First— $2
■Best and largest display imported
agrieultural implements
Door bells and gongs
.Honorable mention.
First? — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
.Honorable mention.
Diploma.
St— Diploma.
lOU
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
THIRD DEPARTMENT.
TEXTILE AND MILL FABRICS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Joseph Newman
J. Newman
J. Newman
J. Newman
J. Newman
Mission Woollen
Mills
Mission Woollen M'ls
Mission Woollen M'ls
Mission Woollen M'ls
Oakland Cotton M'ls
MissiouWooUen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
Mission Woollen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
MissionWoollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Pacific Woollen M'ls
Mrs. Horace Adams.
Mrs. Horace Adams.
Mrs. Horace Adams.
Miss Lulu Adams ...
R. W. Jackson
Miss Maggie Ormsby
Miss M. L. Pierce...
Mrs. J. L. Hummel..
Mrs. J. L. Hummel..
Miss Agnes ilummel
Miss Agnes Hummel
Miss Agnes Hummel
Women's Co-opera-
tive Union
Miss A. McConnell..
Master E. Jackson .,
Miss Annie E. Hoag.
Miss Alice Watson...
Mrs. J. J. Beebe
Miss Minnie Tukcj'.
Mrs.A.B.Woodworth
Mrs. C. E. Barney...
Mrs.S.W. Blackwood
Mrs. P. Cri!w
Mrs. E. P. Pigg
Miss Helen .Megerle.
Mrs. Gehring
Mrs. Gehring
San Josfi Specimens silk mauufacture-
I less th.Tn five yards
San Jose (Specimens of raw silk
-not
San Jos6.,
San Jos^..
San Jose..
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
San Francisco,
Oakland
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco'.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
■San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
San Francisco,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Yolo County...
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Silk cravat
Silk shawl
Silk stockings.,
Display of woollen goods by one
factory
Fancy cloaking
.•jFiincy fliinncl
Buggy rolies
Cotton goods made by one factory...
Ten yards woollen cloth
Ten yards eassimere
'.Ten yards tweed
Ten yards flannel
Fifteen yards carpeting
Woollen shawl
Mackinac blanket
Woollen blanket ,
Stocking yarn
Disi)lay knitted goods ,
Knitted undershirts ,
Knitted drawers
Knitted hosiery
Knitted jackets
Ladies' kilitted skirts ,
Collection sea shells
Embroidered chair scat ,
Seaweed bouquet
Hand sewing ...t,
Pearl, ivory, tortoise-shell and abe
lone jewelry
Silk embroidery
Silk embroider)'
Silk embroidery
Embroidered handkerchief
Applique work
Braided toilet set
Ottoman cover
.First— $20
.First— $10
.First— SIO
.First— $20
.First— $10
Custom-made shirts and general
needlework
Boy's shirt
Bead collar and necktie
Bead collar and necktie
Thirty-lwo varieties tatting
Embroidered hankcrehief and tat-
ting collar
Braided yoke
Mexican needlework
Mexican needlework
Silk patchwork sofa pillow
Crochet tidy
Worsted tidy
Variety of embroidery
Crochet work
Hair and silk work
.First-
.... First— $50
Special.
Special.
Special.
....First— $50
First— $5
First— $5
First— $5
First— $5
First— $5
First— $.3
First— $3
, First — $5
First— $3
Spicial.
Special.
Special.
Special.
Special.
Special.
First— $3
First— $2
, First— $3
-Napkin ring.
Diploma.
.Special — Napkin ring.
.Special — Napkin ring.
First— $3
First— $2
First — Napkin ring.
....First — Napkin ring.
....Honorable mention.
First — Diploma.
.Special — Napkin ring.
Honoralde mention.
Honorable menticn.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honoral)le menti'in.
....Special — Fruit knife
....Honoral)lc mention.
Fir.-t— $2
.Special — Napkin ring.
....Honorable mention.
.Sj)ecial — Napkin ring.
Special.
....Honorable mention.
STATE AGUICULTURAL SOCIETY.
TEXTILE AND MILL FAiJfUICS— Continued.
101
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Mrs.
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
Miss
Miss
M iss
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
Mrs.
Miss
Miss
J. II. Shjidduck
J. IJassford
Ma Lynch
T. J. Winship..
Marv Batcher..
S. C! Marvin...
S. C. Marvin...
C. Cook
Mary Deaden..
0. Levey
E. S. Kinse}'...
Lottie Hoffman
Lottie Ho£fman
Miss H. McCormack
Mrs. L. Senter
Miss Sarah Gilbert..
Mrs. J. C. Rodgers..
Mrs. M. H. Herbert.
Miss II. M. Brooks..
Mrs. J. Dunn
Mrs. J. S. Johnson..
AVomen's Co-opera-
tive Union
Cal. Shirt Manufac-
tory, L. Elkus,
agent
Pioneer Paper Mills.
San Lorenzo Mills,
S. P. Taylor, ag't.
Meussdorffer & Co...
Meussdortfer & Co....
Meussdorfler & Co...
H. Liebes & Co
T. R. Johnson
Mrs. J. L. Hummel.
F. L. Cushing
M. M. Cook & Son...
H. S. Crocker & Co.
AV. M. Sharp
Pacific Tannery and
Boot and Shoe Co.
Pacific Tannery and
Boot and Shoe Co.
Shepherd &. Carroll..
AV'eutworth, Hobart
& Co
L. Price
L. Price
Miss Lillie Hamilton
Mrs. E. H. Brown ..
Miss M. Ormsbv
Mrs. A. D. Whitaey.
Mrs. G. 0. Perry
Mrs. R. J. Mcrkley.
Mrs. W. H. Hobby..
Mrs. M. E. Gerrish..
Mrs. J. L. Sturtevant
Clara A. Bartlett...
H. M. Heinenian
Grass Valley...
Sacramento....
Sacramento
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento.,..
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Carson City....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
I Crochet collar I First — Napkin ring.
J Knit stockings ". ., Special — $2
Specimens tatting | IIonur;.l)"ie ,»)jcntion.
First-rDipl jma.
First — D'ploma.
First.
,. Honorable mention.
First — Diploma.
First— $2
First — Diploma.
First— $.3
First— $.3
Millinery
Framed worsted work
Child's crochet sack
Hair flowers
Hair jewelry
Sofa cushion
Knitted curtain
Shell frame
Chenille embroidered slippers
Pearl and water-color paintings, and
colored silk embroidery
Greatest variety crochet work
Night yoke ;
Corn-husk riding cap
Corn-husk riding cap
Bead toilet cushion and mat
Waxwork pond lilies
Wax bouquet
Carriage afghan
Largest and best display of chil-
dren's and ladies' clothing
Best factory-made white shirts and
flannel underwear
White and colored printing paper
and Manilla paper
Straw wrapping paper
Display of hats
Display of silk hats
Display of soft hats
Display of furs
Display of regalia
Masonic regalia
One set single harness
Exhibit leather belting, leather hose,
and heavy horse collars
Printing
Display carpets
San Francisco. Display leather.
San Francisco.
Sau Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
.Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
Sacramento
San Francisco
Placerville ,
San Francisco
San Francisco
Pair dress boots
California-made lasts
Heavy boots, bootees, gents' dress
shoes and Congress gaiters
Ladies' gaiters
Ladies' slippers
Patchwork quilt
Patchwork quilt
Worsted embroidered picture
Medley picture
Cone work
Feather wreath
Hair rouquett
Best waxwork
Wax cross
Side-saddle
Display of neckties
.Special — Napkin ring.
....First — Napkin ring.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
First— $3
First — Fruit knife.
....Honorable mention.
.Special — Napkin ring.
..First — Diploma.
..First — Diploma.
.First — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
First— So
First- .§2
First— $2
.First class silver medal.
First — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
Fir t — Diploma.
, First-
.First-
-Diploma.
-Diploma.
First- — Diploma.
First— $1
First- $1
First— $3
..Honorable mention.
..Honorable mention.
..Honorable mention.
First— $3
..Honorable mention.
..First — Napkin ring.
..First — Silver medal.
.Special — Fruit knife.
First— $3
First — Diploma
102
TRANSAdTiONS OF THE
TEXTILE AliD MILL FABRICS— Continued.
Exhibitor.
Hoiidenoe.
Article.
Premium.
Dome&tVe Carpet
Factory
R. Irolan.l
Frank (J. Kdwanli
W. Ea-^lander
Dewey & Co
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Rag carpet
liroouis, brushes, broom corn, etc.
Wall paper
Silk tassels, fringe, etc
Printing
First — Diploma.
Fir.-t— $.3
First — Diplnma.
.Honorable uicnlion.
.Honorable mention.
FOURTH DEPARTMENT.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
V. S. W. Parkburst.
J. A. Hoffman
C.E.FlenimingACo
B. Dcnnery
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento
J. Mallon San Francisco.
I. L. Merrill Sacramento....
H. T. Iluilson San Francisco.
WhittierjFullerA Co San Francisco.
Pacific Saw Co iSan Francisco.
N. W. Spaulding.... San Francisco.
I. F. Street..
II. N.Cook..
J. N. Seeley.
San Jose
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Dr. A. Fillean .-. San Francisco.
Geo. T. Casebolt San Francisco.
Tho.s. O'Neill |Sau Francisco.
Thos. O'Neill San Francisco.
H. Knox San Francisco.
II. Knox
Carlton Newman
R. C. Terry A Co ...
R. C. Terry & Co ...
R. C. Terry A Co...
L L. Merrill
W. A. Sublett
Serwais Tonnar
Serwais Tonnar
A. Menke
0. A. Olmstead
0. A. Olmstead
Paeifu' Plate Works
Liddlo ifc Kacdinsr...
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Josf""
San Josr-
Sacramento....
Sonoma
vSonoma
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
First — Diploma.
, First — Diploma.
Diploma.
Thief detecting money drawer and'
U. S. combination locks
Patent shutter holder ..
Landscape rock and polishing powder
Displny of China and Bohemianl
ware First — Diploma.
Samples cut glass Diploma.
Disphiy of lamps Diploma.
Variety of stencil work •....Honorable mention.
Samples glue First — Diploma.
Best circular, mill, hand and other |
Silver medal.
Patent inserted teeth for circular
saws First — Diploma.
Stencil work Honorable mention.
Artifi' ial leg Diploma.
Cake mixer, lamp-cleaner, and egg-
cooker I Honorable mention.
Trusses and surgical implements | First — Diploma.
Coach lamps, etc i Dii)loma.
Cut glass I Diploma.
Stained glass |... Diploma recommended.
Harness paste, and shoep-dipping!
composition Honorable mention.
Prussian blue First— ^I
Best California glassware | Silver modal.
Display of kitchen utensils First-
Display of tin ware First — $.'i
Cooking range First — $5
Quartz mill lantern Honorable mention.
Ball supp'irtcr for windows First — Diploma.
(traftiiig wax Honorable mention.
Pruning and grafting saw First — $3
Willow ware First — Diploma.
[California mineral paint Special — Diploma.
California polishing powder Special — Di]donia.
'Best California jtlated ware ...Special — Silver medal.
'Best California made fire-arms ...Special — Silver medal.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
MISCELLANEOUS— Continued.
103
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
T. Primrose
W. H. Jesfiup & Co.
Dr. T. C. .Jcssup
I. L. Merrill '
I. L. Merrill '
I. L. Merrill
F. T. Iloiijrhton
Ilolbrook, Merrill <t
Co
Holbrook, Merrill &
Co
Pacific Concrete Co.
Flint, Peabod}- & Co
Standard Soap Co...
A. M. Deiinen
American Saw Co...
American Saw Co...
Gillig, Mott & Co...
Dr. Farno
A. D. Oakley
A. D. Oakley
F. Wood^rard
Elam & Howes
Benicia Cement Co...
E. S. Holden
H. Eitel
Thos. Donnolly & Co
San Fran. Candle Co
M. Fulda & Son
Jno. Martell
W. H. DeValin
W. H. DeValin
N. Clark & Co
N. Clark & Co
N. Clark & Co
N. Clark & Co
J. B. Parsons
E.Philip
W. M. Boyd
North Amcr. Wood
Preserving Co
Isaac Morgan
H. Wachborst
I. A.Plunimer & Co.
Levey <fc Haley
Cal. Powder Works,
(Adams, McNeill
& Co., Ag'ts)
Pacific Quartz P>,oof-
ing Co
G. McCoy
Pettit & Co
Pettit & Co
Cal. Wire Works
B. F. Barton & Co...
B. F. Barton & Co...
Henry Lake
Henry Lake
Dr. J. B. Beers.
Sacramento...
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Folsom
San Franeiico.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento
Sacramento..,.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Solano Co
Stockton
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Fi'ancisco.
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
jSacramento....
jSacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacram'to Co..
I San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Fi^ncisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Contra Costa...
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Economical stove hook Honorable mention.
California made matches I First — Diploma.
Operative dentistry ' First — Diploma.
Lard oil i... First— $1
Lubricating oil...,
Coal oil stove
Petroleum stoves.,
Fruit cans
First— $3
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
Copper work First — Diploma.
Concrete pipe and roofing Fir.«t — Diploma.
Best California cooperage First — -Diploma.
California soaps First — Diploma.
Vegetable liniment... Hcnoralle mention.
Best display perforated saws Diploma.
Saw gummer Honorable mention.
California tinware Honorable mention.
Self-lighting gas burners Honorable mention.
Indelible ink Honorable mention.
.Stencil goods Honorable mention.
Smoke stack and spark airester. Honorable mention.
Best California wooden ware Silver medal.
Hydraulic cement • First — $3
Yeast powders .- Honoralde mention.
Roaper's repeating shot-gun Honorable mention.
'Yeast powder First— Diploma.
California made candles First — Diploma.
jBest wine casks Framed Diploma.
Silver plated coach and carriage
I hardware First — Diploma.
! Barrow wheels Honorable mention.
I Water and steam cock ' Honorable montion.
' Pottery ' Diploma.
; Display stone ware ' First — S3
Tire bricks First- $3
I Potters' clay ! First— $2
Bowman's American washing fluid.. '..Diploma recommended.
; Miniature stove....: [ Honorable mention.
Yeast powders Honorable mention.
Best mode of'preserving woods Diploma.
California cement for mending crock-
ery, etc ' Special — Diploma.
Best display of silver ware Special— Diploma
J. W. Pierce
A. A. Schacben.
Pork packing salt.
Fire extinguishers.
Suisun
San Francisco.
California made fuse and powder
Quartz roofing
Improved gate fastening
Axle grease
Lubricating oil
Best manufactured wire goods
Table salt
Soda, cream tartar and yeast pow-
ders
Boot blacking
Salad oil
Corrugated copper plates for quartz
mining
Best inclined elevator
Revolving stove-pipe joint
First — Diploma.
Special premium.
...., First — Diploma.
Honorable mention.
Honorable mention.
Honorable mention.
Honorable mention.
Silver medal.
First — Diploma.
Honorable mention.
First — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
Honorable mention.
.Diploma recommended.
Honorable mention.
104
TRANSACTIONS OF TJIE
MISCELLANEOUS— Continued.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Joshua Gray
Hueks & Lambert...
Lemdberg & Mar-
wedel
Gillig, Mott &Co....
C. G. Kclley & Co...
Conrad Cluich
A. C. Taylor
A. C. Taylor
Gillig, Mott & Co...
Bay View Chemical
AVorks
C. B. Cbadwick
Eureka Uair Co
Wigmorc & Palmer..
Strahle & Hughes...
Pac. Elastic Sponge
Company
s
Goodwin & Co
Goodwin & Co
E. T. McAuliCf.
J. D. Boyd
N. P. -Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
Jno. Deiiden
Serwais Tonnar
Am. Spring Bed Co.
Giorge A. Brush
Mrs. M. S. Reed
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento.,..
San Francisco.
Folsom
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
S.an Francisco.
San Francisco,
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Happy Valley..
San Jose
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Plated, annealed and piano string
wire, and drawn solder Special — Diploma.
Axle grease First — Diploma.
Telegraph instruments
Cooking stove ; its economy in the
use of wood
Washing fluid
Vine pruner
Kitchen sink and self-cleaning slop
hopper
Portable cooking range and kitchen
piano
Danford's lamps
Sal soda
Dr. Field's composition stone roofing
Display California Eureka hair
School furniture
Billiard table and floor
Best material for mattresses
Carved walnut picture frame
Carved and gilded picture frames....
Morocco library set and set bridal
chairs...
OflRce chairs
Sick chairs
Stained, polished, grained and var-
nished California woods
Plain and polished California laurel
wood and laurel veneering
Display furniture
Sofa
Extension tabic
Set parlor chairs
Centre table
Parlor furniture
Wardrobe
Amateur carving
Rustic chair and garden seat.
Best elastic bed slats and rubber
springs combined
Oak, walnut and rosewood graining
Shoulder braces, abdominal sup-
porters and busts
.Honorable mention.
First— $5
Diploma.
...Honorable mention.
.Special.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention..
, First — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
.Diploma recommended.
First — Diploma.
Silver medal.
, First — Diploma.
First — Diploma.
....First — Diploma.
.Diploma recommended.
First— $2
First— $3
.Diploma recommended.
.Diploma recommended.
, First-$10
First- S5
First— $:i
First— $5
First- $5
.• First— $10
First— $.3
Honorable mention.
First— $3
..Diploma recommended.
Special — Diploma.
Special.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
•WINES, ETC.
105
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
J. Landsberger
J. Landsberger
P. Schaub
C. Dettcn
C. Heinrich
J. G. Gould
Theibend Schaub..
J. Landsberger
B. D.Wilson
J. R. Snvder
B. N. Bugbev
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
Butte Co
'Stockton
Yolo
Placer Co
Butte Co
■San Francisco.
I Los Angeles....
Sonoma
Folsom
B. N. Bugbcy Folsom.
B. X. Bugbey
J. Landsberger
Craig
Eberhardt & Lach-
man '.
Eberhardt & Lach-
man
B. D.Wilson
B. D. Wil.<on
Eberhardt & Lach-
man
Eberhardt <fc Lach-
man
B. X. Bugbey
B. D. Wilson
Folsom
San Francisco,
Sonoma Co
White still wine, four years old
White still wine, four years old
'still white wines, three years (dd....
White still wine, three years old
iWhite still wine, two years old
I White still wine, two years old
jWhite still wine, one year old
White still wine, one year old
Sultana wine, two years old
I Red wine, four years old
Superior wine, three years old, made
I from Italian and Burgundy
Wine from Malaga and Muscat
1 grapes
Wines from Black Malaga
Red wine, two years old
Burgundy wine, one year old
.Firs
S
.Firs
S
.Firs
.Firs
.Firs
.Fir;
.Firs
.Firs
.Firs
.Firs
—$10
pecial.
SIO
pecial.
—SIO
pecial.
$10
pecial.
—$10
—$10
-$10
— $to
Special.
Los Angeles ... Sparkling wine Firs
John Thoman
Eberhardt <t Lach-
man
B. N. Bugbey
C. Heinrich
Eberhardt <fc Lach-
man
John Thoman
John Thoman
Los Angeles...
Los Angeles...
Los Angeles ..
Angelica wine
^Port wine, two years old.
:Port wine, one year old..
.Firs
.Firs
.Firsi
Los Angeles ...Superior port, nine years old Firs
Los Angeles...
Folsom
Los Angeles ..
Sacramento...
Los Angeles ..
Folsom
Yolo
Los Angeles...
Sacramento...
Sacramento...
.'Sherry wine, two years old
, Exhibit of wines from foreign grapes
. Exhibit of wines made from native
grapes
, Brandy, three years old
. Brandy, four years old
, Brandy, two years old
. Brandy, two years old
.Brandy, six years old
. Pure wine brandy
, Pure spirits
.Firs
.Firs
.Firs
.Firs
-$10
-$10
-$10
;— $10
—SIO
-$10
-$10
-$I0
—$10
—$10
—$15
First.
.First— $10
Special.
.Special.
.Special.
.Special.
BITTERS, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
I
Dr. W. Henley San Francisco.
Wertheimber & Wa-i
terman 'San Francisco.
Wertheimber & Wa-
terman 'San Francisco.
Wertheimber &, Wa-
terman San Francisco.
McMillan & Kester.. San Francisco.
McMillan & Kester..!San Francisco.
McMillan & Kester..]San Francisco.
McMillan A Kester.. San Francisco.
McMillan & Kester..' San Francisco.
A. Bona San Francisco.
I X L grape root bitters
Boonekamp of Maag bitters.,
Tonic — Splendid
.First — Diploma.
Jamaica ginger
Cocktail bitters
,Svrups
]Cordials
'Ginger wine
Essence peppermint.
Squarza's punch
Special — Diploma.
.Special recommended.
.Special recommended.
Special — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
Diploma.
14
106
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
FIFTH DEPARTMENT.
VEGETABLES, ROOTS, SEEDS, ETC.
Exhibitor.
R(.'sidenco.
Article.
Premium.
P. H. Murpby Sacramento...
George E. Cugghall. Saoramcnto...-
George E. Cogghall. Sacramento...
D. L. Perlcins Oakland
D. t. Perkins Gaklaml
Robert Williamson.. Sacram'to Co.
A. B. Gilbert Sacram'to Co.
E. F. Aiken
G. E. Cogghall
N.Mills
W. Fern
W. Fern
Robert Williamson..
Robert Williamson..
T. Edwards
T. Edwards
Robert Williamson..
R. J. MerkKv
George E. Cogghall.
E. Parsons
W. Fern
G. E. Cogghall
J.W. NeflF.....:
E. F.Aiken
G. E. Cogghall
Mrs. A. S. Greenlaw
Robert Williamson..
B. C. Horn & Co
R. G. Gellin
Sacramento....
Sacram'to Co..
Soncma Co
Sacram'to Co .
Sacram'to Co..
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Miss C. A. Burnes.
Mrs. D. R. Hunt
Mrs. E. F. Aiken..,
M. S. Kins
Charles Bernard .
Ravenna, Chirardclli
& Co
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacram'to Co..
Sacram'to Co..
Sacram'to Co..
Sacram'to Co..
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacram'to Co..
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacram'to Co..
Sacram'to Co..
Sacram'to Co..
Sacramento....
San Francisco,
San Francisco,
Miss Eliza Sacramen to.
Display of pumpkins
Display of squashes
Six Hubbard squashes
One dozen green sweet corn
Best collection of garden seeds
Display of sweet corn
Disjtlay of white and yellow dent
corn
Pop ciirn
Three mountain sweet watermelons
Goodrich potatoes
English fluke potatoes
Best crop alfalfa, two acres
Largest variety of potatoes
Half bushel Carolina .sweet potatoes
Samples carrots, from two acres
Best crop of carrots, three acres
Sugar beet
Best ten acres of hops
Tumatocs
White tomatoes
Three green-fleshed muskmelons
Display of melons
Half dozen cucuuibiTs
Half peck castor beans
Variety of vegetables
Specimen of the flower coxcomb
Half peck peanuts
California made cigars and tobacco
California cigars and tobacco, made
and put up in style, bj- females...
Twenty-five pounds June butter
Ten pounds butter, in rolls
Bulter, in rolls
Largest and best variety of canned
fruits
Ground spices, coffee and prepared
California mustard
Samples of cooking pastes.
Loaf bread
.First— $3
.First— $4
.First— $2
.First— $2
$20
. First- -$3
Special — $2
Special notice.
First— $2
First— $5
First— $5
$15
First — $5
First- $5
First— $2
$15
First— $2
$25
First— $3
Special — $2
First- $2
First— $5
First— $1
First- $4
First — $15
.Honorable mention.
First— $2
First — Diploma.
....Special — Diploma.
First— $15
First— $10
.Honorable mention.
.First — Diploma.
Diploma.
.First — Diploma.
First— $2
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
107
SILK BUSINESS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
L. Pre%-ost.
Miss L. Sauffrignon
Mrs. W. Erkins
Dr. D. C. Fninklin..
Mrs. J. Sauffrignon.
Mrs. Alice Boston...
J. Smith
.J. Rice
Don .Jose Olivia
G. E. Goux
T. A. Garey
A. Brewster :
A. Packanl
M. A GoJdard
Mrs. L. Sellers
Muller & Isoard
B. S. AVilson
A. F. Goddard
A. F. Goddard
L. Hess
Dr. D. W. Koehler...
Geo. Reed
Mrs. L. Waldron
Mrs. W. Flint and
Mrs. M. .Jennings.
Mrs. \y. Flint and
Mrs. M. Jennings.
Mrs. W. Flint and
Mrs. M. Jennings
C. W. Reed
J. S. Harbison
Robt. AVilliamson...
W. M. Haynie
■\V. M. H:.vnie
W. M. Haynie
W. M. Haynie
I. N. Hoag
L N. Hoag
I N. Hoag
L N. Hoag
San Jose
San Jos6
San Jose
Ijos Angeles...
San Jose
Santa Cruz
Sacramento
Yuba Co
Hornitas
Santa Barbara.
Los Angeles...
San Gabriel....
Santa Barbara.
Sacramento
Antioch
Nevada City...
Santa Clara....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Placerville
Oregon
Snelling
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Yolo
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
E.xhibition of the silk business from
mulberry tree to the cocoon ; inclu-
ding feeding of worms, their
eggs, etc
Bouquet cocoons
Lot cocoons
Lot cocoons
Bouquet and wreath cocoons
I^ot cocoons
Cocoons and mulberry trees
Variety cocoons
Variety cocoons
Variety cocoons from 100,000
Variety cocoons and bouquet
Variety cocoons
Variety cocoons from 100,000
Samples Japanese cocoons
Lot cocoons
Lot cocoons
hot cocoons
Lot Japanese cocoons
Lot mulberry trees
Lot .Japanese cocoons
Lot cocoons, first raised in that State.
Lot cocoons
Lot cocoons
Lot Japanese cocoons..
Lot Turkish cocoons..,
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Lot European cocoons, both in cases
and in the bush
Lot moras multicaulis
Lot moretti multicaulis
Mulberry trees
Lot cocoons from 700,000
Japanese silk worms feeding
Four cartoons of eggs prepared for
European market
Mulberrj' trees
Japanese eggs
Eurnpean eggs
Turkish eggs
Skeins of reeled silk, etc
First— $50
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Jlonorable mention,
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
108
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Kc^'ulcnco.
Article.
Premium.
A. Bergman
Mrs. .1. P. O.lhert ...
Mr.'*. R. Tj. Rdlicrt.son
Mr.s. T). Kciuliill
Mr.s.R. Ti. Il..berts(.n
Mrs. D. Kendall
Mrs. J. P. Odbcrt....
A. Bergman
Mr.s. J. P. Odbert....
Mrs. J. P. Odbert....
J. S. Ilarbi.son
A. Iliiniracl...,
A. Bergman
Mrs. .7. P. Odbert....
A. Bergman
M. S. King
M. S. King
A. Bergman
M. S. King
M. S. King
'Pacramonto.
'Sa'Taracnto.
Saeramento.
'Sacramento.
Sacramento,
i Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento .
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Saerainento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Walnut catsup
Pickled peaches
PicUlod mangoes
Preserved peaches....
Apple jelly...
Preserved ((uinees....
Currant jelly
Pickled tomatoes
Quince jelly
Peach jelly
Honey
Pickled gherkins
Pickled onions
Tomato catsup
Pickled cucumbers...
Canned peaches
Canned pears
Canned tomatoes
Canned blackberries.
Canned cherries
.Special— $2
....First— $3
....First— $3
....Fir.«t— $3
....First— $3
....Fir.-t— iJS
....First— $3
....First— $3
First— $3
....First— $3
First— $5
First— $3
First— $3
First— $3
First— $3
First— !f3
First— $3
First— $3
....First— $3
First— $3
FLOUR, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Colusa Flour Mills,
by L. F. Reed
Eagle Mills
Pioneer Mills
Eiscn Bros.
AVm. B. Gibson
Wm. B. Gibson
Sacramento....
Knight's lian.,
Sau Francisco.
Yolo Co.
Yolo Co.
Barrel flour, "bakers' extra" [First — Diploma and $15
Fifty pounds extra family Hour j Special.
Samples of corn, rye and oat meal,'
hominy, pearl barley, rye, rice
and buckwheat flour, farina, split •
peas, hulled and cracked corn,
buckwheat and oat groats Diploma.
Best two bushels of Chile wheat,
63i pounds per bushel First— $10
Best two bushels of club wheat,
62i pounds per bushel First— $10
HOPS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Wm. M. Haynio Sacramento....
J, L. Clark |Sacram'to Co..
M. L. Waldrum [Sacramento....
Best hops and hop kiln.
Sample hops
Bale as sample hops
First — Diploma.
Special.
.Honorable mention.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
109
SIXTH DEPARTMENT.
FRUITS, DRIED FRUITS, ETC.
E.xhibitor.
Residence.
Premiara.
A. S. Greenlaw ! Sacramento. ...Twenty varieties apples, best grown
and named
C. W. Reed jYolo Twenty varieties pears, best speci-
mens and correctly named, three
specimens each
I. S. Baraber El Dorado One variety peaches, 12 specimens...
I. S. Bamber El Dorado One variety plums, 12 specimens
I. S. Bamber El Dorado One variety nectarines, 12 specimens
C. W. Reed Yolo One dozen quinces
Jno. Thoman 'Sacramento Collection native grapes
Jno. Thoman 'Sacramento.... One variety, six bunches
B. N. Bugbey iFolsom Collection foreign grapes
B. N. Bugbey Folsom One variety grapes for dessert or
table use, for raisins and wine
Sacramento One variety figs, twelve specimens...
Sacramento.... Olives and oranges
Sacramento.... Collection of nuts
Sacramento,.., Greatest number of varieties dried
fruits and best specimens, not less
than three poun<ls each
Folsom '.. Twcntj'-four pounds raisins
Sacramento.... Three varieties grapes
Sacramento Quince and pomegranate
Sacramento Pomegranates
Sacramento Peaches
Sacramento.... Display pears and apples
Yolo Collection of fruits
Sacramento Collection fruits
Sacramento.... Dried fruits
Sacramento.,.. Collection dried fruits
Fruit drying house
c. w. noit
T. K. Stewart
E. Pierce
Mra. E. L. Aiken.
B. V. Bugbey
C. S. Lowell
Mrs. C. Crocker
Mrs. W. W. Marvin.
L. S. Graham
J. S. Harbison
Mrs. VV. N. Brooks..
J. Runyon
T. Milgate
Mrs. R. II. Wick
Henry Bush
.First— $15
.First— $10
...First— S2
...First— $.3
...First— $3
...First— $5
.First— §10
...First— $3
.First— $10
....First— $5
First— $3
.Special— $3
.Special— $2
First— $25
First— S15
Special — $2
.Special — Napkin ring.
.Special — Napkin ring.
SpccLil- $2
Special— $2
Special— .$2
Special— $2
Special— §2
.Special — Napkin ring.
Special — $2
no
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
SEVENTH DEPARTMENT.
PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS, ETC.
ExbiMtor.
Rosidoncc.
Article.
Premium.
W. L. Marple 'San Francisco.
Norton Bush San Francisco.
W. L. Marjile jSan Francisco.
Norton Bush jSan Francisco.
Colonel Warren ISan Francisco.
Mrs. W. E. Brown...
Otto Sc-hradcr
Mrs. G. D. Stewart..
J. B. Grouppe
Joseph F. lless
Mrs. G. D. Stewart..
F. Serregni
J. W. Cherry
Wm. Shew
Wm. Show
Wm. Shew
Wm. Shew
Wm. Shew
Silas ScUeck
C. E. Watkins
Thos. Houseworth.!.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco,
Oil ])ainting
Oil i)ainting
Landscape oil painting
Landscape oil painting
Collection of lithographs and engra-
vings
,.$20
..S20
,.$10
,.$10
Diploma.
Flower pain ting ' First — $10
.First— $10
Diploma.
Diploma.
Diploma.
First— $20
. First— Diploma and $5
First — Diploma.
Fruit paintinf!
Crayon drawing
Wood engraving
Pencil drawing
Water color painting
Penmanship and pen drawing.,
Sign painting
Plain photograph, life size ' First — $15
Photograph in water color First — $15
Photograph in India ink First — $10
Plain sun pearl First— $15
Porcelain picture, colored : First — $10
Plain photograph, medium size : First — :$10
Landscape photograph (collection)..! Special — $10
Collection of landscape photographs. 1 Sjiecial — $10
SCULPTURE.
E.xhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
P. J. Devine..
J. C. Devine..
.Jos. Dunkerli'
P. Mczzura...
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sculpture— A child's bust First— $10
Collection of marlde work ' First — S.'U)
Collection of prc])ared birds ..Fir.-^t and diploma — S15
Collection of medallions Special — $10
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
L. K. Hammer
L. K. Iliinimcr
L. K. ILmiin.r
L. K. Hammer
L. K. Kummor
Kohler, Cha.se & Co
Kohler, Clinso & Co
I.^ P. McCarthy
.^ai'ramonto....
Sncranicnto....
Sacn-mcnto....
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Grand Chickering piano
Square Chickering jnano
Violin
Flute •.
Clarinet
M.ason & Hamlin's organ
Mason & Hamlin's melodeon.
Musical chromatic map
First— $20
First— $20
First.
First— $5
, First — So
Fir.-t— $10
First — $5
.First — Diploma.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. lil
NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITIONS.
Under this heading we make brief mention of such displays in the
Pavilion as from their nature or workmanship merit a careful scrutiny;
but we do not wish to have the inference drawn that a failure to specially
notice implies lack of merit in any particular exhibition.
The Mission Woollen Mills, of San Francisco, Lazard Freres, agent,
had a fine display of blankets, from the rough but useful miners' blan-
ket, to the soft and silk}'' covering that adorns the luxurious coach, and
a large variety of tweeds, cassimeres and beavers; besides ladies' cloak-
ings and flannels of the finest texture, and buggy robes and sluice
blanketings. These m.ills were represented in the Exposition Univer-
salle at Paris, where they were awarded a gold medal. We are told
that they now employ three hundred men, and have fifty looms, six
thousand spindles, and eleven sets of cards in operation. The goods
they manufacture are a credit to our State.
Dr. A. Folleau, of San Francisco, anatomical machinist, exhibited a
case of artificial limbs and apparatus for human deformities, which
attracted considerable attention from surgeons and physicians. Among
the apparatus exhibited by him, are some for lateral curvature of the
spine, for hip joint diseases, for club feet, for contraction of the muscles
of the neck, and for deformities of the neck (torticoli). He also had a
collection of trusses for inguinal, femoral, scrotal and umbilical diseases.
The whole of the exhibition was manufactured in the City of San Fran-
cisco b}^ the exhibitor, and many of the most meritorious particulars are
the production of his inventive faculties. His artificial legs can be man-
ufactured at the same price as those made in Philadelphia, and combine
lightness with all necessaiy solidity.
Liddle&Kaeding, of San Francisco, exhibited a collection of revolvers,
guns, rifles, pistols, etc.. and what they claim to be the first breech-
loading gun ever made on the Pacific coast. They also exhibited a
double-barrelled shot-gun, with a California laurel stock, and mounted
with Washoe silver — the first time laurel was ever used for the purpose.
They also had a large variety of sporting goods and fishing tackle.
Joseph Dunkerly, taxidermist, who has taken up his residence in Sac-
ramento, exhibited a fine collection of stuff'ed foreign and domestic birds.
H. Liebes & Co., of San Francisco, made a magnificent display of furs,
comprising cloaks, capes, muff's, sacks and collars, made of Hudson Bay
and Russian sable, mink, ermine, fitch, gray and black Astrachan and
Siberian squirrel; fur-seal sacks, trimmed with ermine and fitch;
Queen's pigeon capes and muff's, and black and white Cashmere goat and
swan skins. A large snake coiling around a stuffed tiger attracted
attention to their stand. This collection of furs was really verj' fine,
and deserved cai'eful examination.
JS". P. Cole & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited a splendid display of
furniture, including a laurel wood bedroom set of nine pieces, the bureau,
table, etc., of which is topped with Italian statuary marble; also, a
laurel parlor set of seven pieces, covered with blue silk reps. These are
112 ' TRANSACTIONS OF THE
of California wood and California manufacture. The}'- also exhibited a
double parlor pressed rosewood set of eight pieces, covered with French
crimson and gold eourtelaines; and a ro^^ewood chamber set, with raised
panels of ash roots and motley marble tops, with wardrobe to match ;
and a splendid rosewood etagerc. We w^ere informed that this company-
are receiving many orders for laurel wood furniture, which seems to be
growing rapidly in public estimation. All the sets we have mentioned
are palatial in their magnificence.
A. Hummel, of Sacramento, exhibited a fine collection of pickles of
various kinds, and a quantity of canned peaches.
The Benicia Cement Company showed two barrels of fine cement and
brick shaped samples of the same material.
E. C. Terr}', of Sacramento, had a varied assortment of kitchen ranges,
stoves and kitchen furniture. In his collection was a portable soda
fountain, which is charged by means of a lever projecting from the side
next the operator, and a few strokes of which from time to time keeps
up the required pressure. The fountain is about two feet in height, and
can be carried in a common travelling trunk.
The Pacific Pottery of Sacramento exhibited specimens of its stone
and earthenware and fire brick, and of clay from El Dorado County, from
which putty of good quality can be made. It also showed samples of
California fire brick, which is declared to be equal to the best imported,
and of porcelain clay, which has been subjected to intense heat.
In one of the corners of the upper hall there was a mammoth cake,
about four feet in diameter, for slices of which tickets were sold for the
benefit of the Band of Hope. »
F. T. McAuliff, of San Francisco, exhibited speciniens of polished
California laurel, black walnut and Spanish cedar. For his graining and
polishing he was awarded a diploma at the late Mechanics' Institute Fair.
Detrick & Eckart, of San Francisco, exhibited in the lower hall a
balanced oscillating engine — a California invention — which propels the
machinery in the lower hall. The advantages claimed for this engine
over other oscillators arise from the peculiar manner in which the pres-
sure is received and delivered from the pistons. The pistons being so
connected as to move to and from the center of oscHIalion simultane-
ously, under the same pressure and velocity, all strain and friction due
to action of the steam (or motive power) is removed from the trunnions.
As each piston separately travels through but one-half the stroke, the
oscillation of the cylinder is but one-half that of the ordinary oscillating
engine. In the ordinary construction of oscillating engines, the move-
ment of the cylinder is produced by the piston rod, and in consequence
the rod has to be made much larger in diameter, and the stuffing boxes
and glands much decjier and stronger, and in many cases guides have
had to be substituted to overcome the great friction produced by the
action of steam on the trunnions, which in this engine, it is claimed, is
entirely obviated. The inventors received a gold medal at the late
Mechanics' Institute Fair.
• Bernard Dennery, of Sacramento, displayed a choice selection of
China and fancy glassware, such as vases, tea sets, etc.
In the lower hall, E. P. Hicks exhibited an ingenious and simple gate,
styled John Dickinson's patent self-opening gate. In approaching the
gate the wheels of one side of the vehicle press to the ground a lever,
causing it, in its rotation, to throw open the gate, and after passing
through, the vehicle passes over another lever, which causes the gate
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 118
to shut, the driver bcino; relieved from raising any latches or pulling any
strings, except the ribbons on his team.
In tbe shed luijoining tlie Pavillion, J. "W. Pcarce, of Suisun, Solano
County, exhibited a patent incline elevator (a California invention) for
running coal and quartz on an incline, the peculiarity of which consists
in its having an upper and lower track. At the dump, while the two
forward wheels pass down the incline, the two hind wheels pass up
on the upper truck and the car is upset by gravitation.
In the lower hall, M. S. King, of Sacramento, had a fine lot of canned
berries, peaches, tomatoes, plums, pears and apricots, etc.
The Pacific Elastic Sponge Company, of San Francisco, exhibited
pillows, bolsters and mattresses stuffed with clastic sponge. This mate-
rial is claimed to have the elasticitj^ durability and softness of curled
hair, while at the same time it is cleaner and cheaper. The merits of
this material are claimed to be its superior and permanent elasticity,
its unrivalled cleanliness, its extreme durability, the comparative ease
and cheapness with which it can be manufactured into any articles of
upholstery, and the fact that the same weight of sponge goes further in
manufacture than any other known material.
The San Francisco Glass Works, the factory of which was unfortu-
nately burned down recenth% but which, it is expected, will soon again
be in active operation, exhibited a fine collection of prescription vials,
from the half drachm vial to the ten gallon carboj^ and a fine lot of bot-
tles, lamp chimneys and glass work generally. C. Newman, of this
establishment, exhibited his patent glass melting-pot, which, from its
peculiar arrangement, melts glass in from twelve to fifteen hours — a
shorter time than the ordinary covered pot does, and from the intense
heat generated by the introduction of fresh oxygen at a certain point,
admits of the making of good glass with salt cake (the refuse of acid
works) and dispenses with the use of soda ash.
Wigmore & Palmer, of San Francisco, exhibited in the lower hall a
number of school desks, teachers' desks, chairs and settees, manufactured
in California from oak, maple, cherry and mahogany. We are informed
that they have manufactured and sold one thousand three hundred desks
and chairs since last May.
T. Eodgers Johnson, of San Francisco, exhibited a fine case of Odd
Fellows', Masons' and Good Templars' regalia, besides epaulets, shoulder
straps and ornaments for militaiy caps.
Gillig, Mott & Co., of Sacramento, in the upper hall, had quite a col-
lection of Danford lamps, the brilliancy of the light afforded by which
was a subject of general comment. They also had lamp shades of differ-
ent varieties and patterns.
Shepherd & Carroll, of San Francisco, showed a few of their well
shaped and well made lasts, of various sizes.
J. L. F. Warren, of the CaUfomin Farmer^ exhibited several cases of
natural and other cariosities, such as various specimens of wool, cocoons
and silk ; the first box of raisins, the first piece of rosin, the first sample
of sugar and the first walnuts grown in California. He also showed a
collection of modern and ancient coins, and many objects of interest too
numerous to particularize.
W. L. Marple, of San Francisco, exhibited the finest pictures in the
art gallery — comprising views of the Golden Gate, of Cascade Lake, the
Summit from near Hawlej^'s, Lake Valley, and two views on Napa
15
114 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Creclc. As at tlic Mechanics' Institute Fair, these paintings were con-
stantly surrounded by admiring groups of visitors, and elicited high
eulogiuins from those who claim to be art connoisseurs. No lover of art
failed to examine carefully these very meritorious productions
Thomas Houseworth it Co., of San Franciseo, displayed photographic
views of numerous localities and natural curiosities of the Pacific coast.
Their collection was varied and interesting.
William Shew, of San Francisco, occupied a large space in the picture
gallery with ivorN'types, sun pearls, cabinet and card photographs, and
other choice productions of the daguerrian art, including portraits of
many distinguished persons.
Silas Selleck, of San Francisco, also exhibited cabinet ])ortrait8, and
plain and retouched photographs.
Norton Bush, of San Francisco, exhibited his fine scries of paintings
of the gorgeous tropical scenerj'- of the Isthmus of Darien, including a
view of Panama. Aside from their high artistic merits, they are inter-
esting from the associations they recall in the minds of a large propor-
tion of the visitors. He also exhibited " Mount Diablo," from nature.
Mrs. C. Cook, of San Francisco, showed a case of beautiful hair jew-
elry, comprising bracelets, ear-rings, finger-rings, breastpins, etc. This
collection was especially admired by lady visitors.
P. Mezzara, of San Francisco, contributed some of his exquisitely cut
cameos and some very fine busts. This gentleman has his studio at
Bradley & Rulofson's photographic gallerj^ San Francisco. As our State
advances in the fine arts the productions of his genius are growing more
and more in public estimation.
Mrs. G. D. Stewart, of Sacramento, exhibited three fine crayon
sketches, entitled "The Bridge of Toledo," "Apollo," and "The Wind-
mill." She also exhibited three pictures of Scottish scenery in water
colors. These pictures are from nature, were executed in earlier years,
and embarrassed circumstances induces the lady artist to oft'er them for
sale.
C. E. Watkins, of San Francisco, landscape photographer, exhibited
in the gallery a large number of very fine views of scenes upon the
Columbia Kiver, and of many of the most beautiful lanascapes and inter-
esting natural curiosities of California and Oregon, including very largo
sizedpiiotographs of Portland and Oregon City. These views are exe-
cuted in the highest style of the photographic art.
Serwais Tonnar, of San Jos6, exhibited a rustic settee of heart maple,
buckeye and redwood ; and a rustic chair of the same woods, ornamented
with shells. He also showed specimens of grafting wax — his own inven-
tion— which he claims to be sujierior to any other in use; and a pruning
saw, also his own invention, which he claims does its work better and
■ quicker than any other saw. Practical men speak higlih' of these two
latter articles.
William M. Ilaynie, of Sacramento, cxhiliited an im]iroved patent hoj)
kiln, with two bales of hops dried in the kiln. It is claimed for this kiln
that it dries hops in a thorough, uniform and superior manner, in two-
thirds of the time needed by the old plan. The hops are charged and
discharged, and turned without the neccssit}' of an}- person entering the
Jviln, thereby avoiding one of the most disagreeai)le and unhealthy
features connected with hop-drying. He also exhibited four varieties of
.mulberry trees and sample lots of cocoons.
D. L. Perkins, of Oakland, exhibited one hundred and fifty-two
varieties of choice seeds in bottles, which were intended to be sent to the
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 115
King of Prussia about the first of October. He also bad on cxbibtion
seeds of tlie Wbitc Imperial varietj' of sugar beet, imported two years
ago from German}'; twenty-four varitios of seeds of tbis year's growth,
and samples of tbe sixteen and twenty rows variety of sugar corn.
The Pacific Barrel and Keg Company, of San Francisco, made an
exbibit of flour, pork, sugar and packing barrels and kegs. Their works
are located at the Potrero, San Francisco, and their barrels and kegs
promises to drive imported articles of that kind out of the market.
The American Saw Companj-, b}- \Y. J. Tucker, agent, San Francisco,
exhibited specimens of Emerson's patent niovable tooth and perforated
circular mill, mulay a!ul cross-cut saws. The advantages claimed ib r the
movable tooth saws are, that the teeth will not fl}' out; that they are
five times stronger than the ordinary solid saw teeth ; that they will not
become loose by any ordinary use, and that if they are too badly injured
to swage and file up again, a new set can be inserted in a few minutes.
The advantages claimed for the perforated saws are that they save filing,
ornmmint;, and cannot crack but to the first notch. These saws are well
worthy the attention of mill men.
The Pacific Tannery, of San Francisco, exhibited in the upper hall
various descriptions of ladies' and gentlemen's boots and shoes, from the
heavj'- coarse shoe to the finely ornamented ladies' gaiter. As the tan-
nery produces the necessary raw material, the goods are all fresh and
free from salt water moisture. A mammoth shoe was an object of curi-
osity in their display.
Henry Lake, of San Francisco, exhibited numerous boxes of his Japan
paste blacking, and several bottles of mustard seed oil, refined for table
use, which he claims to be equal to the best French oil.
For N. Lumsden, Lake exhibited a California apparatus for making-
screwed boots, which does its work as well and can be furnished for one-
quarter of the price of the French machine. For Lumsden & Boone,
Lake exhibited a patent sail and collar needle, the peculiarity of which
is that the thread is kept entirely inside the needle, so that the thread
never chucks in drawing out.
J. C. Meussdorffer, of Sacramento, exhibited a case containing silk,
cassimere, soft, beaver and nutria hats, of superior workmanship.
George T. Casebolt & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited in the upper
hall a fine assortment of coach trimmings and coach hardware.
W. H. De Yalin, of Sacramento, exhibited a patent barrow wheel
made of wrought iron, which is claimed to be more durable than the
ordinary wooden wheel, not being liable to shrink, and avoiding the
neccssit}' of setting tire, and his patent steam and water fiiucets.
Strahle & Hughes, of San Francisco, exhibited a fine laurel billiard table,
inlaid with rosewood, mounted upon a flooring composed of laurel, rose-
wood and Oregon maple. We are informed that this table was manu-
factured to order foi" a well known citizen, at a cost of one thousand
dollars.
The Pacific Concrete Company, of San Francisco, exhibited samples
of their concrete material for roofs and sidewalks, etc., which is claimed
to be proof against sun, heat or frost, and to be the cheapest and most
durable material for the purposes for which it is designed.
Henr}^ Bush, of San Francisco, had on exhibition Billings' patent fruit
drying house. This invention claims to obviate the danger of fire or
scorching the fruit, and by a constant and rapid change of air, to dry
the fruit in a few hoiirs and preserve it from insects and filth.
B. F. Cook, of Napa, the inventor, exhibited a model, or models, by
IIG TRANSACTIONS OF THE
whicli ho claims to present: First — A combined steam header and
thrasher, to be hauled through the field b}' animal po\ver, while the
machinery is worked by steam. Second — A steam boiler, engine,
thrasher and separator on the same wagon ; the header being detached,
so as to render the common thrasher and steam power useful when
heading season is over; or the header reel and sickle may be detached,
when the draper will be used to elevate the grain from the stack. The
thrasher and steam power being on the same wa^on, the whole machinery
may be hauled forward a little at any moment to suit the pitchers.
Third — A combined header and header wagon, the former being attached
to the side of the latter.
Dr. Henley, of San Francisco, exhibited some fifty cases or more of
the preparation invented b}'' him, known as ''Dr. Henley's Wild Grape
lioot I X L Bitters," compounded from the root of the Oregon wild grape
and other ingi'edients.
J. ]S. Seeley iC Co , of San Fi'ancisco,had on exhibition a variety of inven-
tions calculated to save time and labor. First in order is the scientific
churn, which is operated dail}'. It makes butter from sweet or sour
milk or cream; is easil}- worked, simple and durable. The}' also had a
mop wringer, egg cooker, cake mixer, lamp chimney cleaner, and last
but not least, a working model of a trip-hammer, designed to work with
the foot, and is easily made to strike at any point on the anvil.
A. Bona, of San I'rancisco, successor to the well-known Squarza, had
on exhibition a fine display, consisting of a large variety of manufactured
punches, cordials and bitters. There were over twenty different kinds
of the first named, some of which bear fanciful names — such as Ladies'
Tears, Morning Comfort, Farewell, Anti-Divorce, etc.
O. A. Olmsted, of Sonoma County, exhibited samples of mineral or
rock paint, discovered b}' him in eighteen hundred and sixt^'-six, near
Sebastopol, Sonoma County, while boring for water. His display con-
sisted of nine diffei*ent varieties of unmixed paint, of black, red, yellow,
brown and other colors, and a few colors ground in oil. These y^aints
are represented as suitable for painting houses, vessels, wagon.s, etc.
R. Ct. Gelien, of San Francisco, exhibited some excellent imitation of
Swiss cigars made at his factory; also, a fine display of Tui'kish smoking
tobacco in packages and in bulk. A placard announced that his cigars
are made entirely by the fair hands of Avomen.
John Thoman, of Sacramento County, contributed a variety of grapes,
among which are the Gray Tokay, Eojal Muscat, Isabella, Muscat of
Alexandria and Damascana.
The Pioneer Flour Mills, of San Francisco, Eisen Brothers, proprietors,
were represented by .specimens of white farina, cracked wheat, pearl
barlc}', hulled barley, hominy, corn meal, split peas, etc.
Meridian & Kester, of San Francisco, made a fine displaj^ of bitters,
cordials, syrups, gums, cocktails, etc., including strawberry, raspberry,
blackberry, sarsaparilla, orgeat and piiicaiijile flavors.
The exhibition of native wines and brandies by B. D. "Wilson & Co.,
of San Francisco, was extensive and creditable. The assortment com-
prised port, angelica, claret, white, sherry and other wines, cognac
brandy, grape brandy, etc., from Lake Vineyard, near Los Angeles.
The same firm are also the agents of several other vintages.
B. N. Bugbey, of Sacramento Count}* (Xatoma Vineyai-d), made a
large display of grapes, embracing some fifteen different varieties,
among which we may name the Fiber Zagos or raisin grape. Black Mus-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 117
cat and Madeline. The same exhibition also had a fine display of Cali-
foi-nia cliainjiay;tie, wines, grape and cognac brandy, etc.
Werthoiiner v.V' Waternian made an excellent exhibition of samples of
different cordials, bitters, syrups, extracts, etc. The po))ular bitters
known as the '-Splendid" occupied a conspicuous place in the display.
P. J. Devine, of San Francisco, exhibited a beautiful bust of a young
boy, chiselled from an unusually fine block of Columbia (California^
marble. Latent life appeared to dwell within the cold marble, and to
gaze through the ej^es of the sweet-faced child into the outer world
beyond. Devine has executed many fine busts of prominent citizens,
living and dead, but considers g^is last achievement liis masterpiece.
Mrs. T. J. ^yinship, of San Francisco, who received the first premium
for millinery at the late fair in that city, exhibited a show-case contain-
ing bonnets and artificial flowers, which were much commended and
admired by lady visitors, who describe them by the two words, ''Per-
fect loves."
Mrs. M S. Read, of San Francisco, showed a case containing her
improved skirt supporters and chest expanders, for expanding the chest,
strengthening the lungs and stomach, and correcting the bad habit of
stooping. She also exhibited abdominal supporters and gentlemen's
braces and suspenders.
F. Seregni, of the Pacific Business College, exhibited in the gallery a
highly creditable specimen of pen drawing, the excellence of which
taxed the credulity of man}' to believe that it was executed with a pen.
The College also exhibited specimens of ornamental business penman-
ship.
Falkenstein & Brandt, of the Pacific Shirt Factory, showed a large
assortment of gentlemen's shirts and furnishing goods. The shirts were
of various qualities and prices, made of good material, and were well
shaped and gotten up.
William Englander, of San Francisco, contributed a case of tassels,
fringes, gimps, etc., of his own manufacture.
S. P. Taj'lpr & Co., of San Francisco, agents for the San Lorenzo and
Pioneer Paper Mills, exhibited samples of straw, medicated, wrapping
and printing paper, of various sizes and colors, manufactured at the
above named mills.
John Mallon, of San Francisco, glass cutter, exhibited specimens of
his skill, comprising cut, stained and ground glass, side lights and head
lights for hall doors of private dwellings, steamboats, churches, etc.
Charles E. Fleming & Co., of El Dorado Count}', exhibited specimens
of what is called landscape rock — a curious formation of sandstone —
and the El Dorado polishing powder, obtained from the top stratum of
the same quarry, which is claimed to surpass silicon for polishing and
cleansing purposes
John A. Ball, of Grass Valley, exhibited a model of a snow elevator,
his own invention. The snow is ploughed upon the elevator and carried
to an}' required height by a succession of fans, or buckets, passing over
an inclined plane. By a slight alteration the same elevator may be used
to carry any substance with like facility or be employed as a water
lifter. The model was worthy of examination.
John W. Cherry, of San Francisco, exhibited four signs and eleven
block letters, as specimens of his commendable skill.
L. K. Hammer, of Sacramento, exhibited one square and one grand
Chickering piano, from which melodious strains were frequently evoked,
during the day and evening, by well known professional and amateur
lis T1VANSACTI0N8 OF THE
musiciil artists. In liis exhibition were also a flute, a violin auJ a clari-
net.
Goodwin & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited a splendid assortment of
luxurious furniture, comprising bedroom and parlor sets, and a magnifi-
cent bridal chair, all of which^ for taste and skill, challenged admiration.
The Oakland Cotton Mills, of Oakland, exhibited forty pieces of
cotton cloth from their mills.
II. Wachhorst, of Sacramento, exhibited a case of splendid gold and
silverware, comprising jugs, va.ses, goblets, card cases, knives, forks and
spoons, etc.
Frank G. Edwards, of San Francisco,^exhibited samples of the first
wall paper manufactured in California, upon which was delineated a
variety of tropical scenes.
William H. Jcssup k Co., of the Eureka Match Factor}-, made a fine
display of goods in their peculiar line, which were tastefully arranged
upon a revolving pj^ramid, on the pedestal of which stood a wax doll,
fine!}' dressed, which was raffled off for the benefit of the orphans..
The JSIorth American "Wood Preserving Company presented specimens
of wood preserved by a peculiar process, by wliich it is claimed that the
end is gained of rendering the wood proof against drj' and wet rot, and
impervious to the attacksof the toredo and all marine insects, while the
fibre of the wood remains intact and is in no manner impaired. The
man}- advantaseous uses to which this wood thus preparec( can be put
will naturally 7)ccur to the reader — such as the constructioa of wharves,
foundations of buildings, and pavements, etc.
Jones & Peterson, of Antioch. Contra Costa County, exhibited in the
shed adjoining the Pavilion a patent spring hammer, which dispenses
with the necessity of employing a striker. It is operated by a treadle
passing along on the right of the anvil, and the blow can be governed
with as much accuracy as by hand, while the hammer can be moved
to any part of the anvil. The hammer strikes a very powerful blow
with the exercise of ver}- little muscular power
IT. B. Martin & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited a patent oscillating
double cylinder steam engine of four horse power, which occupies a
compass of three feet by ten inches. The peculiarity oTthis engine con-
sists in the fact that the steam chest and slide valves of the ordinary
engine are dispensed with. The steam is admitted into a plug running
crosswise through the cylinder. The plug is cast solid in the centre,
and when it is receiving steam on one side it is exhausting it on the
other, and it requires but the o.scillation of the cylinder to reverse the
position of the plug, and admit steam to the opposite piston. The
motion of the engine can be reversed by the turnin^r of the plug, by
means of a lever, without shutting off steam. There is no connecting
rod, the piston being attached directly to the crank. It is claimed that
it does not require a practical engineer to operate this machine. Thc}-
also exhibited a hydrostatic engine, on the model of the steam engine
above described, with the exception that one is steam and the other
water packed ; a pump, on the principle of the engines above described,
for irrigating, railroad or family use; and a rotary pump, for deep wells
or mines, which is constructed without valves, and is claimed to possess
sufficient capacity to force water three hundred feet. These are Cali-
fornia inventions.
A. C. Taylor, of San Francisco, exhibited a new portable range, the
oven doors and outer flue plates of which are filled with cement, which
boinff a non-conductor of heat, retains the caloric and makes the oven to
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 119
bako as though made of brick. A lower oven is heated by a blast of hot
air obtained in a peculiar manner. In addition to this range — or rather
in connection with it — Taylor showed to visitors a number of ingenious
contrivances, in the way of kitchen utensils and appurtenances, which
merit careful examination by housekeepers.
E. C. Bickt'onl, of Petaluma, exhibited a patent traction gate, which
is suspended on two posts, to which wheels are attached. This gate is
simple, can be very cheaply constructed, and is particularly adapted to
ranches. lie also showed a model of a carriage attachment gate, which
he claims can be swung to, regardless of the state of the wind.
Eobert Blair, of .San Francisco, showed a miniature engine, which is
driving two of Hendy's concentrators. This engine was constructed
during Blair's leisure hours in the first 3'ear of his apprenticeship, the
patterns having also been made by him. The model evinced considera-
ble skill in its construction.
R. R. & J. Craig, of Nevada City, exhibited a California invention in
the shape of a hydraulic nozzle, the merits claimed for which are that it
obviates kinking and danger in using, and can with facility be made to
throw water in any direction.
Mrs. M. E. Gerrish, of Sacramento, exhibited two show cases filled
with flowers, wreaths, leaves, etc., superbly wrought in wax.
Miss Julia Dunn, of Sacramento, also showed some very pretty wax-
work bouquets, lilies, etc.
Miss Ellen Megerle, of Sacramento, exhibited some very fine silk and
linen embroidery, well worthj' of commendation.
Mrs. Horace Adams, of Sacramento, bad a fine collection of shells; a
vase of autumn leaves from the White Mountains; and shell, hair and
other .work — all of which, in their arrangement and execution, gave
evidence of much care and a refined taste.
Miss Helen M. Brooks, of Sacramento, exhibited some beautiful wax-
work, including some graceful pond lilies and a bouquet of wax flowers.
Mrs. J. 3j. Hummel, of Sacramento, exhibited manj^ proofs of her skill
with the needle, in the wa^^ o\ silk and cotton embroidery ; in her case
were also some Masonic regalias, which are pronounced equal to the
best work of the kind produced in San Francisco.
Miss Lillie Hamilton, aged thirteen years, exhibited a fine pieced
quilt, evincing much care and taste.
Mrs. A. D. Whitney showed a very prettily arranged medio}' picture.
Miss Sarah C. Marvin, of Sacramento, exhibited a hair bouquet very
tastil}^ arranged.
Mrs. William H. Hobb}^ of Sacramento, also exhibited a very pretty
hair bouquet.
Mrs. R J. Merkley, of Sacramento, exhibited a beautiful wreath of
feather flowers.
Mrs. T. M. Coggins, of Sacramento, exhibited specimens of retouched
photographs, evincing skill and good judgment.
Miss Mollie Tittle exhibited some verj^ fine crochet work tidies and* a
prett}'' bead cushion.
Miss Maggie Ormsby, of Sacramento, exhibited some very pi-etty
embroidery work.
Miss Annie E. Hoag, of Washington, exhibited some neat worsted
picture frames and embroider}' on perforated card-board.
Miss Lottie ^loffman, of Sacramento, exhibited some very fine silk
embroidery and water-color paintings.
Miss C. Hoffman, of Sacramento, showed some pretty chenille work.
120 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Miss M. McCormick, of Sacramento, exhibited some pretty crocheted
tidies and au ornamental pincushion.
Mrs. J. L. Sturtevant, of Placerville, contributed some beautiful wax
work, chief among which was a cross with trailing passion vines and a
crown of tliorns.
Mrs. B. N. Bugbe}', of Folsom, exhibited a large and fine crochet tidy.
Mrs. M. II. Herbert, of Carson City, exhibited a ver}- fine boadwork
pincushion and mat.
Mrs. J. C. liodgers, of Sacramento, exhibited two pretty and ingenious
corn-husk hats.
Mrs. L. II. Foote, of Sacramento, showed a beautiful seaweed wreath
surrounding a cross of the same material, framed.
Miss Lulu Adams, of Sacramento, exhibited some verj' neat specimens
of plain sewing.
Miss Agnes Hummel, of Sacramento, aged eleven years, contributed
some very creditable productions of her needle, in the shape of a braided
and embroidered toilet set, an embroidered child's dress and some appli-
cation work.
Miss Mary E. Clark, of Sacramento, exhibited a prettily arranged bed
quilt, which work must have required extreme patience on her part.
Miss Mary Denden, of Happy Valley, contributed a splendid i-aised
worsted work pincushion, which attracted much attention from the
critical of her own sex.
Mrs. J. P. Odbert, of Sacramento, exhibited a fine wreath of framed
raised worsted work.
J. L. F. Warren, of the California Farmer, among his interesting
collection, exhibited a bag of flour, branded: "Horner's Mills, Union
City (Cal), half barrel, forty-nine pounds. Superfine extra. "Warranted
from pure California wheat. October, eighteen hundred and fifty-
three. Horner & Co., agents, San Francisco." We are informed that
this was the first bag of flour made from California wheat, ever exhibited
at a California fair, a premium having been awarded to its then exhibitor
in eighteen hundred and fifty-three. The* flour retains its sweetness to
this day, bearing high testimony to the qualities of California wheat.
The Domestic Carpet Manufactory, of San Francisco, exhibited several
pieces of rag and list carpet of homo manufacture.
L. Price, of San Francisco, showed a case containing ladies' fancy
gaiters of various materials, colors and styles, which are well shaped
and gave evidence of good workmanship.
Thomas O'Neil, of San Francisco, ornamental glass cutter, exhibited
head lights and ceiling sash lights of ornamental cut glass. This was
California work and reflects much credit upon O'Neil.
Ferdinand Woodward, of Sacramento, exhibited what is styled a
" hydropic spark arrester." This invention consists in surrounding the
smoke funnel of locomotives and other engines with an inclosed water
tank, into which all sparks and cinders are received. The apparatus
also disposes of them after they are received.
Hucks & Lambert, of San Francisco, exhibited samples of their anti-
friction axlo-grease.
James B. Parsons & Co. (by R. H. McDonald & Co., of Sacramento),
exhibited Bowman's washing compound and a preparation for removing
grease and other stains.
J. W. Kinscr, of San Francisco, exhibited the American spring bed.
The spring of this bod is obtained by slats suspended lengthwise on
straps of vulcanized India rubber, the slats being suspended to the rub-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 121
ber bj' means of small iron bolts and hooked strips of iron. Simplicity
and flexibility are the main features of this bed.
F. T. Iloui^hton, of San Francisco, exhibited the automatic clothes
washer and boiler, in which the hot suds and steam, by the action of
heat, are driven up through tubes, poured upon the clothes, and forced
through the fabric, cleansing all articles without any rubbing. A thor-
ough rinsing finishes the process. Houghton also exhibited a patent
side-saddle, invented by Mrs. Clara A. Bartlett, which has many points
by whicli it recommends itself to lady equestrians.
The California Wine Cooperage Company, of San Francisco, exhibited
some very large sized casks, one of which is constructed without visible
hoops.
Hughes, Kimball & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited a patent tire
upsetter, for which these advantages are claimed : 1st. The power is
more direct in application, the movement being in a curve, to operate
upon a curved form. 2d. The line of power is directly in the line of
resistance. 3d. It is ready of adjustment and rapid in its operation.
4th. One man can operate it alone. 5th. The tire is held beneath a con-
vex, to prevent buckling or kinking while under pressure. 6th. The
smoothness of the outside and edges of the tire are preserved b}' a simple
and eifective device. 7th. By a rapid shifting of pivots the power of the
machine may be increased to suit the resistance to be oftered, without
altering the length of the lever.
D. L. Smith and W. H. Wiester, of San Francisco, exhibited the Ean-
dall rake, for which the exhibitors claim that it will pass over obstacles,
carr^'iug the hay with it at right angles to the ground, twenty-two
inches high; that it will rake along or across ditches, on stony or
uneven surfaces, without discharging the load; and that in gleaning it
does not shell or thrash the grain, bat gathers it as carefully as the
human hand can. There are many other meritorious qualities connected
with the Eandall rake.
Casebolt & Kerr, of San Francisco, exhibited some of their £rst-class
work, in the shape of buggies and hacks.
George P. Kimball & Co., of San Francisco, also exhibited some very
fine buggies, etc.
F. B. Lamb & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited the pioneer washer,
\Yellington's patent vegetable cutter, a patent horse-shoe nail-clincher
and a clothes-horse.
Eavenna Ghirardelli & Co. exhibited a case of palatable looking mac-
aroni and vermicelli from the Italian Union Manufactory.
Dana & Codington, of San Francisco, showed specimens of glue from
the Pacific Glue Factory.
Elam & Howes, of San Francisco, made a good display of willow and
wooden wares.
L. Steudeman, of Sacramento, showed a case of very fine ladies'
gaiters and slippers.
L. Elkus, of Sacramento, exhibited a large stock of underclothing and
California-made shirts.
E. ^Y. Jackson, of Sacramento, exhibited some very fine shell jewelry
and manzanita boxes.
Jessup & Beers, of San Francisco, exhibited a number of dental
instruments and various sets of false teeth.
The Pacific Necktie Factory exhibited a case of tasty neckties of all
descriptions, bearing fanciful names.
16
122 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Haynes & Law ton, of San Francisco, exhibited some very fine speci-
mens of gold and silver plating from the Pacific Plate Works. The
work was executed in a very creditable manner.
Lundborg *t Marwedel, of San Francisco, made an cxliibition of tele-
graphic apparatus.
I. Moigan, of San Francisco, exhibited the California State Cement —
a preparation for mending breakages in almost an}' article.
J. Renz, of Sacramento, showed several cases of herb bitters, claimed
to be an excellent article for diseases of the blood, ague, colic, etc.
A. Bergmann, of Sacramento, had on exhibition a good variety of
pickles, canned fruit, ketchups and sauces.
Mrs. J. P. Odbert. of Sacramento, exhibited in the lower hall a choice
lot of jellies, pickles and preserves.
C. G. Kelley & Co., of San Francisco, made an exhibit of the prepara-
tion known as the "American Washing Fluid." The article was repre-
sented as excellent for cleansing clothes, glass, paint, etc.
There were quite a number of excellent displays of fruit, and every
collection was creditable to the exhibitor. Mi-s. A. S. Greenlaw, Mrs.
W. N. Brooks, L. S. Graham, J. S. Harbison, E. Pierce, of Sacramento,
each had fi.ne varieties on exhibition.
I. Landsberger, of San Francisco, made a displa}' of California wines
and brandies, comprising Sonoma Avhite, hock and port wines, and
cognac and other brandies.
Hoyt & llowse, of Sacramento, disjilayed a variet}' of preserved fruit
and tomatoes. '
Few visitors to the Pavilion failed to admire the beautiful black walnut
frame made by Snow & Roos, encasing Marple's splendid picture of the
Golden Gate.
I. L. Merrill, of Sacramento, exhibited in the upper hall a number of
fine kerosene lamps of various styles, fancy crockery ware, etc.
Long & Daly, of San Francisco, exhibited a light and graceful single
scull racing shell.
Mrs. Blackwood, of Sacramento, exhibited quite a pretty pieced silk
sofa cushion.
H. T. Graves, of San Francisco, made quite a display of wire work of
various descriptions.
The Standard Soap Company, of San Francisco, exhibited various
kinds of soap and candles, and the products incidental to their manufac-
ture.
B. F. Barton & Co. exhibited dair}^ and table salt, saleratus, etc., all of
the best quality in their respective grades.
The San Francisco Candle Compan}' made a display of candles in the
various stages of their manufacture.
Wentworth, Ilobart & Co., of San Francisco, exhibited a case contain-
ing very fine ladies' shoes and gaiters of various styles, materials and
colors.
STATE AURICULTURAL SOCIETY.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SILK CULTURE.
The committee to whom was given the subject of the silk business,
from the mulberry tree to the production of the cocoon, have attended
to their duty and beg leave to submit their report.
Ver}^ few persons, even a't this stage of this vast and peculiarly inter-
esting business, can form any conception of its real value to our State
in coming j-cars. The mere assertion that it will be as millions of dol-
lars annually would be esteemed visionary — but time will tell. Sixteen
years ago the prophecy was made of what is seen in this fair — the manu-
facture of silks in our State.
The committee find, on examination, quite a number of different
samples of cocoons, collections of eggs of all the different varieties of
the silkworm known to commerce, and an exhibition in all departments
that would actually astonish the raisers of the silkworm in any of the
countries of Europe. To those conversant with this interest it must be
evident, by what is shown, that California is destined at no distant day
to excel any other part of the world in this industry, and our people
and State will do well to foster this important business. The following
is a list of the exhibits :
L. Prevost, of San Jose — Twelve boxes containing wreath of different
varieties of cocoons; silk butterflies lajnng their eggs; one lot of Cali-
fornia cocoons and lots of cocoons of the following varieties : Turkish,
White Japanese, Green Japanese, Yellow Portugese, White Portugese,
Old French, Wild California, Yellow Mountain, ISiew French, White
Oak, Mulberry Trees; and the actual silk business, from mulberry trees
to the cocoons, feeding of worms, etc.
^liss Leonie Saufrignon, of San Jose — One bouquet of cocoons.
Mrs. W. Erkins, San Jose — One lot of cocoons.
Dr. De Witt C. Franklin, Los Angeles — One lot of cocoons.
Mrs. J. Saufrignon, San Jose — Bouquet and wreath of cocoons.
Mrs. Alice Boston, Santa Cruz — One variety of cocoons.
John Smith, Sacramento — One variety of cocoons and one sample
of mulberry trees.
John Rice, Yuba County — One variety of cocoons.
Don Jose Olivia, Hornitos, Mariposa County — One variety of cocoons.
G. E Goux, Santa Barbara — One sample of cocoons from one hundred
thousand raised this year.
Thomas A. Garey, Los Angeles — One sample of cocoons and one
bouquet.
Albert Brewster, San Gabriel — One variety of cocoons.
A. Packard, Santa Barbara — One siwnple of cocoons from one hundred
thousand raised this year.
M. A. Goddard, Sacramento — One sample of Japanese cocoons.
Mrs. L. Sillers, Antioch, Alameda County — One sample of cocoons.
Muller & Jasard, Nevada City — One sample of cocoons.
Byron S. Wilson, Santa Clara County — One sample cocoons.
124 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
A. F. Goddard, Sacramento — One sample of Japanese cocoons and one
sample of mulbeny trees. /
Louis Iless, Placerville, El Dorado County — One sam])le of Japanese
cocoons.
Dr. D. W. Kochler, , Oregon — One sample of cocoons, first raised
in Oregon.
George Eeed, Snclling, Merced County — One sample of cocoons.
Mrs. L. Waldron, Sacramento — One sample of cocoons.
Mrs. Mary Jennings and Mrs. W. Flint, Sacramento — One sample of
Japanese cocoons, in cases; one sample of European cocoons, in cases;
one sample Turkish cocoons, in cases; one sample Japanese cocoons, in
brush ; one sample European cocoons, in brush ; one sample Turkish
cocoons, in brush.
William II. Haj'nie, Sacramento — Sample lot of cocoons, taken from
seven hundred thousand of this year's feeding; sample lot of Japanese
Avorms, feeding; four cartoons of silkworm eggs, prepared for the
European market; samples of mulberry trees.
1. N. Hoag, Yolo County — Sample of Japanese silkworm eggs; sample
of European silkworm eggs; sample of Turkish silkworm eggs; skeins
of reeled silk.
Eobert Williamson, Sacramento — Sample of mulberry trees.
J. S. Harbison, Sacramento — Samples of moretti mulberry and mul-
ticaulis trees.
C. W. Reed, Yolo County — Sample of morus multicaulis trees.
Your committee have taken the jDains to give a full list of the exhib-
itors in this department, together with the samples exhibited by each,
to show that the business is not simply confined to one or two localities,
but that it is already widely spread throughout this State, and is com-
menced in Oregon.
It is not only duo to the "pioneer" of the business in this State, but
also to the pioneers in the respective counties and localities represented,
to give their names to the public, and make record of the same in the
transactions of your society for the j'ear eighteen hj^ndred and sixty-
eight.
Your committee have no information as to the extent of the opera-
tions of most of the exhibitors, and will therefore confine themselves to
giving a short notice of the operations of two of the largest silk growers
in the State — William M. Ilaynie and I. N. Hoag.
Mr. Hoag's cocoonery is situated about three miles above Sacramento
City, on the Yolo side of the Sacramento River. He has a large planta-
tion of mulberry trees, both from seed and cuttings, from which have
been fed about one million worms the present season, succeeding beyond
his most sanguine expectations in producing quantit}' and quality, both
of cocoons and eggs.
Mr. Ha^'nie's cocoonery is located just beyond the limits of Sacramento
City, on the road leading to Smith's gardens. It was erected the past
summer, with special reference to silk culture. He has also seven acres
of mulberry trees planted on his homestead, and plantations of trees
north of the American River, both from seeds and cuttings, of the most
approved variety.
This gentleman commenced feeding his first batch of worms on the
first of July, which consisted of about eight hundred thousand worms of
the French variety. He, too, has been successful beyond his most
sanguine expectations in producing good cocoons and eggs.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 125
The committee are glad to learn that a market for silkworm eggs has
been opened up in Euroj^e, whicli will probabl}" require all the eggs that
can be produced in this State for 3-ears to come, at rcmuriei-ative prices.
The demand for the eggs in Europe la owing to the well known fact that
the silk worms cannot be reproduced from eggs grown there, on account
of the dir^ease peculiar to those countries. Of late 3'ea»rs they have had
to look to Japan for a suj^ply of eggs, which can as well be produced
hei'c. and those of a superior quality. While your committee would
not ignore an}' one of the exhibitors in this department, they felt called
u])on to make the foregoing statements for the encouragement of those
who are now small growers, and others who may bo contemplating
going into the silk industiy, but who are still in doubt of the final
results. We find L. Prevost still at the post of honor, making a fine
exhibition of the silk business in all its departments, up to the manu-
facture. All other exiiibitors. in honor to the pioneer, having withdrawn
their claims to the premium offered by your society, we award said
premium of fift}' dollars to him.
In this connection the committee remark: William Holdman has
secured a patent for the production of silk from the bark of the mul-
berry tree, and an agent has arrived in California to form a company
for the e^;tablishment of a factory to work on the new plan. The
3'earling branches are cut in the late winter or early spring, before the
sap has commenced to rise, and are steamed for half an hour, to loosen
the bark, which is then detached, and steeped for several days in a solu-
tion of potash. This dissolves and disintegrates the nonfibrous portion
of the material, and the bark is washed to cleanse the fibre, which is next
boiled in potash ley, washed in warm and in cold water, boiled in a solu-
tion of alum, one pound in six gallons of water, dried, and finally
combed for spinning. This is the whole process as patented, and it is
cheap and simple. "We have seen a sample of silk represented to have
been made by this method, and it has a fine fibre, five inches long, of
regular thickness and of good color and lustre. We were informed that
very little silk has been niade in this way, probably not an ounce in all,
and we are unable to present any statement of the amount of silk that
can be made from a ton of mulberry twigs, or of the cost of production.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
W. R. CLUNESS,
A. B. NIXON,
J. S. HAEBISON,
COL. WAEKEN,
Committee.
126
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
OPENING -ADDRESS
DELIVERED AT THE SEVENTH ANNUAL FAIR OF THE NORTHERN DISTRICT-
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT.
By HON. W. H. PARKS, President.
Members of the Northern District Agricultural Society^ and Ladies and
Gentlemen :
We have assembled together again, after a lapse of two most prosper-
ous years, to exchange congratulations, and return thanks for our con-
tinued and increased prosperity, and to place on exhibition some of our
products and improvements, and to exchange ideas with reference to
further improvements. It becomes my duty, as the presiding officer, to
make a brief statement of the condition of the society, and to make
such suggestions as would, in my opinion, promote the interests of the
same. 1 am aware of the popular prejudice existing against long, statis-
tical opening addresses, therefore, I shall be brief. 1 will not attempt
to reiterate what has been so often and so trutlifuUy said, that Califor-
nia, as a State, possesses greater advantages, and has greater resources
for agriculture and manufactures, than any other portion of the United
States. Nor shall I go into facts and figures, giving thg incredible num-
ber of bushels of wheat and barley raised per acre, nor dwell upon the
mammoth size of potatoes, squashes, pumpkins, etc., the deliciousness of
our fruits, or the delicate flavor of our wines, for all of these things
have been stated and verified, and no longer create astonishment. I
may, however, congratulate you upon the proud position our State occu-
pies to-day. Although young in 3-ears, she has taken place with the
first of the olden States in importance as a grain growing State. At
the late Paris Exposition she stood first for her cereals, and her mechan-
ics carried off more prizes, in projiortion to the number of exhibitors,
than did those of an}' other portion of the world. This, then, would argue
that we not only have the soil, climate and natural wealth, but that we
have also the genius and enterprise so necessary to the speetly development
of our country.
I may also congratulate you upon the prosperous condition of the
society and of tlie district which composes it. We do not judge of the
success of a fair, or the condition of the society, by the number of exhibi-
tions, but bj' tlie interest taken b}- the exhibitors, and the influence and
effect it has upon the country. Taking this for a standpoint, we may
well congratulate ourselves upon the success and the advantages of tho
society, and its founders, who struggled so hard for its establishment and
success, may well be proud of their work. It is just ten years ago since
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 127
the first fair was held in this city, under the direclien of the State Agri-
cultural Society; and when we compare the condition of the district
then, with its condition now, comment is unnecessary. It is to this
socict}' that we are greatly indebted for the improvement. "We have
exchanged the mustang for the thoroughbred roadster and draft horse.
We have exchanged the wild Mexican cow for the domestic Durham and
Devon ; the coarse, hairy. Mexican sheep for the fine Spanisli. French
and Saxony Merino. "We have done more: We have filled our grana-
ries, and said to the world, give us commerce, and we will feed you all ;
and to-day our Stale is doing more than her share in feeding the hungry
millions. But we nuist do still more, we must have a commerce of our
own — we must have rival lines of steamers, and rival railroads, con-
nected with all parts of the world. We cannot, and ought not, to expect
the great margin in grain between this and other countries to continue.
Then, let us prepare for such a state of things; let us prepare to produce
at less cost; let us prepare to lesson the cost of freight through our own
State to the seaport. It is an extravagant outrage that it costs as
much to take produce from here to San Francisco as it does from
there to New York. A great improvement can, and ought to be
made, in our manner of shipping, b}' doing away Avith the extravagant
custom of shipping in sacks. It is more than one-tenth of all the
cost of producing, besides the loss of grain and the extra expense
of handling. The difference in handling grain in bulk and in sacks is
almost incredible, and I would recommend a thorough examination
of this subject. I noticed a commercial statement of the shipment of
our wheat, of two years ago, I think. "We got for it eight millions of
dollars; it brought in foreign markets sixteen millions This shows
that it cost one-half of the value of our product to put it in market
from San Francisco. Now, at least one-half of the remaining half was
paid for home freight and sacking, leaving only one-quarter of its real
value for the producer. We must reduce the cost of producing and
shipping as fast as the foreign demand diminishes, or we will be in the
same condition that we were in a few 3'ears since — our granaries over-
loaded with grain that will not bring the cost of producing. We must
encourage immigration to our State What we need is a jiopulation of
laborers that we can depend upon, to increase our manufactures. The
experiments in manufacturing have thus far proved successful. There
is no reason why all of our woollen goods, clothing, boots and shoes,
sugar, oils, agricultural implements, etc., etc., should not be manufac-
tured in our own State. It is but a few years since we imported all our
wagons and steam engines; now, who thinks of importing one ? We
want chea]) labor and cheap capital, and as all operations of capital are
based upon labor, we must first have the laborers and we shall be sure
of the capital. It is governed by that unerring law of supply and
demand, and is sure to flow where profitable and safe investments can
be made.
Much has been done, through the agricultural societies of tlie State,
for the dissemination of the knowledge of the advantages that our
State possesses, and much is being done, and we now have a powerful
auxiliarj' in the Labor Exchange recently established in San Francisco.
This might be extended with profit to the interior. The laborers who
come to our shores must be protected from the asstuilts of those who
will not work themselves, or allow others to, unless they can dictate the
terras. Labor is a commodity, and its price must be governed bj* the
supply and demand; and all labor associations that attempt to hold it
128 TPANSACTIONS OF THE
hiprhcr than the demand will warrant arc opposed to the best interests of
the country. " The laborer is worth}' of his hire," and no class will
reap more benefit from a full supply of free labor than they themselves.
There are hundreds of now day laborers who are competent to transact
almost any kind of business, but, from the fact that labor is so high,
they are prevented from engaging in the business they were educated
for, and are compelled to work at da}' labor. We need more frequent
intercourse with each other, in order to combine our efforts to bring
about necessary reforms. The farmer is no longer the slow, plodding
clod-hopper, nor the mechanic the mere machine, that the}' were once
thought to be, but they command the very highest order of talent and
genius; but there is not that exertion used by them to procure the bene-
ficial results, from a combination of capital or the unity of action, that
there is among other classes of men. When we reflect that all the real
wealth of the State is based upon its agricultural and manufacturing
resources, is it not surprising that greater efforts are not made for their
development. Let ns suppose that all of the incorporated companies
that have been formed in this State for mining purposes had been formed
for agricultui-al and manufacturing, that all of the assessments that have
been paid for mining, had been paid for farming and manufacturing,
what w^ould have been the result? I think, without exaggeration, I
may say that the amount of assessments would have purchased every
acre of land in the State, that our population would have numbered four
times its present number, that we would produce ten times as much
grain as we now do, that our manufactures would be quadrupled,
and that the assessed value of our property would be increased a thou-
sand fold. We would have our clipper ships, our own lines of steamers,
and our State would bo checkered with railroads. Instead of having a
transitory and excitable population, that are grasping at every shadow-
only to be deceived, we would have a population of substantial and
wealthy farmers, merchants and mechanics.
We have truly an agricultural district, and capable of producing
many articles at prices that will warrant shipment, such as wool, wine
and oil, and there can be no doubt of wheat, when the expense of pro-
ducing and shipping can be reduced to a reasonable rJite. The superi-
ority of our grain will always command for it enough higher ])rice to
pay the diffei'cnce in cost of freight when this shall be rediui-ed to its
usual rate. There are other articles that might be produced with profit,
such as sugar, flax, hemp and silk; and the day is not far distant when
we shall export all of these articles in large quantities. It only requires
our attention. Let the farmer pay as much attention to public aftairs
as his intei-est requires, and it will not be long before the necessary re-
forms will take place. Let them see that all laws discriminating against
their best interests, such as now exists against the sheep growing in-
terest, are repealed or amended. J^et them have free roads and free
bridges. J^et them combine their capital to cheajien freight. We have
a notable example of this in Colusa County. There the farmers are
determined they will have freights at a reasonable rate. To accomplish
this they have already put one steamer on the river, and have organized
a company to put on still another; and they are reaping a reward for
their enterprise by getting freights from twenty-five to thirty-three per
cent, less tlian we do here. We have another striking example of the
benefits of o))position lines, in the establishment of a new express com-
pany. It has alreaiiy cheapened expressage very materially. We have
no fault to find with old companies, no war to wage against them, but
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 120
competition is needed in transportation as well as in all other business,
and the prospect of our having it are briglitening. Until recently we
have had but one line of communication between here and San Francisco,
and only one between there and New York. We have now successfully
establislied two or three lines of steamers to New i^ork, and we have a
prospect of the si)eed3^ completion of two lines of railroads between
bore and San Francisco. So vigorously are they pushing on the work
on the great national highway, the Pacific Railroad, that we confidently
hope at our next annual festival we shall have the pleasure of seeing
man}- of our Eastern friends in our midst, participating in our enjoy-
ment.
17
STATISTICAL TABLES FOR 1867,
132
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138
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Tons..
Pounds.
Acres ,
Pounds.
Acres ,
Pounds.
o o ^ o
O r-» O
o o
o o
o >o
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Cl 1^ I— I
o
Acres ,
Tons.
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It— O O -J" CO (M O CO l^ I— < OC CO CO (M W '^■t X ■>! iC U7
Co' Tt~0~i0 C<rio" lOr-TcM" i-H co'i— (' CO CO CfS'
Acres .
moooo(MOin)i— icccimot^t— coocooo
QO <=> O O O f— I O O OO 'M ^r (M CC -t CC' 'T^l 'M O O O
(M^io o^o^oc^c-T^b-^'M oq_(M^io^ir:' 9> i— > i— <^cc_^co -r^o^o_
Bushels ,
lO o o o
t- (M t^ O
(M^ CO !-<_
co" i—T
Acres ,
Ci I— I O "t
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
139
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r^ o 1^ cc c:' o o cc cc- o n
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Pounds of silk cocoons
Pounds
Acres ,
Total of ]iunij>kin.^ iind
squashes
t^ Ol CC O — J— o
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Tons of turnips.
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STATE AGRICUL'DURAL SOCIETY.
141
o o o o o o •
o o o o o o
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
o
c
o
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r-i
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^
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Ol CO CO
I— 1 ;
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Number of lemon trees...
: :
of
O '.
O O O O h-
O irt M
o :
t^
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m
O O O CO o
lO r-l
CO :
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Number of fig trees
O,
^- C£5 O^iO O
CO I—
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of j
o
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ir: r-< CO u': 01 o c; o
Number of uiiricot trees.
lO
o cc- GC' :;; t— o
I— > I— :x I— < Ol
T— 1
r-^ I-H
I-H
o
COOOOCOOCO'-*
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o
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o^
O^l^ O^OI Ci_^ 1-H^
r-H CO Ol 1-H I-H
Number of quince trees..
of i-h" of i-h"
o
O O O O lO Ol o
-*
GOi-H -.0 00000
o
O w iC C5 I-H O
i-'COOCOOCOOO
Number of nectarine
t^
05 o^ CO c; CO 1-H^
Ol I-H Tt
trees
of
r-t' r-T
o
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o o o o
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o o o o
Number of cherry trees..
01^i-<^CC' CO I— ^01 00^ o_
0-1 I-H "^ I-H I-H
T-H 00 M CO
o
OOOOCCOOOt-HCO
ooii—oc; ooo
o
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lO Ol CO CC. O O CO o
CO
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CO iC ^ 1— ^_iC oi^
Number of plum trees...
I-H
O CO oi of cT o of
i-h' i-T of
Ol
-*
o
OOOOOQOOGOOlOOi-H-fOOOOO
O'
O0'00ocooi^oiir;ioa:t~-oc'icoo
Number of pear trees
GO_
O O 1^1 O O -;J- '-'^CO 01_ rH ^- r— _CO__O^QO CC O^
o"
co'o -i""^"^" '*'" ""^ r-T CO Tji oa
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CO (M 'M o o CO -f (M re >T ^? -: o^^-r o ~^ co^ "^.~tl
Number of peach trees...
crj o'~o'"5^fi-- I--" O'OI — . uT O Ci r— 1 1-- (M
T— ifM-^i— lOli— lO .r-i I-H
OlOOOOOOOOfMOOOt-OOOOOO
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O C^l 'i'^CO O^O^iO '>! <>1,0 '0^(M •>! CO^ 'M^ ^^"^^ lC CO O C5
Number of apple trees...
QO m"" ctT t-T i-T o' o" T-T .-.' co" of rT -f :;' ^' "O oc
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
143
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CT ofo"i1 lO C^"rcO~o" r-Tio" CO~
I— I I— I lO C-l CO CO -V
OOOOOiOt— oot— oooocoo
OCOO-^-— i-t'CiXO^OOCOO'MO
OOOCO-fCOCO"M-tO -c^o^'>j_t--^-f_o^
co"^-! idTc-fio c-f-fTLC co"-ti r~ o CO on CO c-i
1— I 'M CO CO CO -ri "0 ■ —i r-t CO I— I CO
o
05
o ■:
= JO
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^5 ? O .- 1-
& ' o ■ "S '-^ <:i - ^'i >^ r. .'^ < '^ ^ ^ ^ -i Ti i^ 9. S ■x r-, ^ ^ i, :i •
a)OOrto_2^ii3S2H5p-^§j£22'ooi2s^'^2='0-
o
144
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
SI
a
'■+3
a
o
O
<
EH
CO
Eh
O
»
«
o
O O <=> O 'M •
o o o o o
CO o o o o o
o :
o o o o lO :
o 'M CO 1^ o :
-r o o o o o
o :
O O O O I- •
O lO OJ -t< o •
l-H lO o o o o
>c :
o c: r- CO oo :
CO m i-H ;
o T-i a. oi -t o
Number of grape vines...
CC' •
-t lO O CO Ci •
lO
rH CO ^ 00 l-H
1—1 :
— rji 'i* oi :
CO :
oo
*"* c
I— 1
CO
o o o o o -^^ CD o o o o o :
CO iM O O O O O
OOOOOO— 'lOOiOl^O •
CO 1- o o o o o
Number of strawberry
vines.. .".
Or-iOOOCOl^OOfMOCCl
c: •>! o o CO o o
CO CO M O O 00 l~
^ CO CO o o o
l-H oi -r o <M
l-H QO
l-H
OOOOOCOCOMO '
CO :
(M CO o :
o o :
OOOOOC-l'M — o ;
00 :
oc CO o :
uo t^ :
Number of raspberry
Oi— idCOOrHCli— ICO •
o .
CO CO o -
<M •* .
bushes
O CO I— 1 O lO o •* •
CO •
■* :
O t-H
l-H
criOOooiMi-JLCo .
.-^
CC' — O
o o o
OOOOO^iCOOO :
o •
— CI o
O Ol o
Number of gooseberry
O— lOiCiO cooco .
c;
lO Ol o
lO CO o
bushes
O O CO T-H rf -^ "
CO I— 1
CO
o
l-H
o
OOOCOOiCOO-Mf-H
o
lO T-H O t- . .
o
.OCOOi-iiOi-H^r-H-rf
I— <
CO o : :
Number of walnut trees.
■*
.CO lO i-l (M
co"" : :
o
: o o ic o o
: o
l^
•M O r— 1 O lO O .
o
• lO O t^ (M ^
• (M
T-H -+I O CO (M :
Number of almond trees.
l-H
. CO 00 CO
: CO
l-H O
lO
: O O O O QO
.* t^
1— 1
o o o :
CO
• i^ 00 in CO -^
: <M
iO l-H t-- •
Number of mulberry
l-H
. CO CO lO
M
trees
o
: o I- r^ jo
: ■*
CO
lO Tj< I •
o
.00 1— t . o
. CO
I-H
r^ • .
Number of prune trees...
CO
•CI ; 1— 1
CO
: o -t
: (M CO
: 1^
: 00
o
o
iO_
t-H
Number of olive trees....
t-
: o ic o c^i CO
• -t Ci >J 1-H GO
: t^
: o
: <M
: r-^
o
o
o
Number of orange trees..
. I—I 1— 1
cc
: '• cS
»
: : ac
o
H
&
o
o
a
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c
: f-
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
145
O— lOOOOOOOO-tOO
•OOi-OOO-fCOt^O-t^OOOOOO
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of
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• t^ I— 1 CO 01 oi cj> -^ :/: w -t 1— t CO 01 CO CO
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146
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Total number of neat
cattle
Number of oxen.
Number of beef cattle.
Number of calves.
a
c
o
O
Number of cows.
Number of asses.
Eh
<
CO
o
pa
<
Number of mules.,
Number of horses
iCOO'i^O-tCCIO'CCSCO-t-C'l'+i— iC'lOOOOt-
CC 'M CO Ci 1-H M OO O I- ^^ I— I O O GC CO -r CO '.t. Tt o o
(Ml— 1 (Ml— "(M i—i'Mi— »C<1
O lO o -t o
(X> l^ -M -f '^
•^ CO I— I !M
iCCOi— lOOr— iCCClOClOOt— MOO
O O -M CO CD t- X- CO X O »0 CO 00 O O r-i
M M T— I -t 3>i o "M r}< I— I n m o -r t^
OOOOOC-liOf— IO(35'+'00'MCOOOOOOQO
CO O' O O I— — l^ 'M C: 'O O CC O CO 1^ O O O O O rf<
Ol rH r-*^0^'0_l-^a0^>— <^l^O O ^l^O^CC iC lO c:^ CC "— <^ o_ >— J,
(m" r-T Co"^ > r ■^' (m" I— T r-T (m" M I— T o" 1—1 1^ •m' CO CO (M
iCOOOOOl^OO-^*CO'^CO'MCC0002I~-0'0
t^ o CO o c> c: o 1- o CO o X n CO c: o o i^ <— I o •— I
<X'^i--oD-fooc;cococoo'M<0'^coxc;Oiftoo
rfi <M (M r-H CO lO (M -f CO t^
C-1 "l^ 1-1 iC (3i
-+^CO:Ot:^iCC0 5~l(MC:COOCOOCOC^'100COO'*
I— I (MGOi— l!MCO "^t^.— iCir- ir— I O ~<M-^
r^ <M
OlMOOOOC^lO^O'MCO-^CiiOCOC: wOOCO
(Ml— (COOOOOOCi— i-f^l^CO'— t-'OCOiMOOOCO
Ci ■<rt<t^5<lCO'i^ CO(Mt^r-li— irfrH O^i-i 'M 0_5q
c-f (m"
'+!0000S'10(M0tC'— it^OOiCLJt'OO'M
CO'XOCC'M-tiOi— iX(l^£ fOrfiOt— OCOi— I
'ti r-l CO CO fM CO CO CO CO Ci CO >! 'C' Ct Ci Ct O O O
CO lO (M l^ CO
(M M -* T-i CO
O "*
o t^
0_GC
.— I -H (M 5<1 rl O (m'
Gallons of brandy.
Gallons of wine
o
o
o
o
O lO o
I— I •^ 1—1
GO 00 C5
O O O CO 00
O 00 O t^ CO
00 l^CO__ QO^
~v '^co c:
CO lO CO o
c o o
C-?
« o o
E .E Si ^ ._
_^ ""* ^^ rt ^^ C O . » w
^ ^ ^ ^ O O ^ ft W ^ t=!
rt O
c — -H o i:
C3
o o t^
O O CO
O vO C5
O^r-Tco'
CO
c
p ^
o :
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trj :
c :
o
c
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
147
ir. c; o C5 o o o X t— o t^ o
O O -M -t "M -H 00 O aO -M 00 t^
ir: I - X 71^ Tt<^ x^ o^ rs^ ■^^ r:^ t^ o^
I— T -t" tC ?o~ co" o" •>!' lc" ^ re" t^ to"
1— c i-^ (M •— I
■Mh-OOCCCOOr-lh-.OCOOOOOOO
Ci X •>! ao :o •— I lO CO M »>! i^ n c; "m •— "O
r-1 I— I I— I (M t— I -t
ot^x-foor5"Mro>c'-osi
CO Ci -f ■?! 1^ rO Tl •— I -fi Tf< -M O
CO T— I :s ?0 M CO M n CO
^ — I — ' n -f t— CO "M
•^ — ' -t O -^ X 00 -t
— 1 CO CO 'O -M CO ~P
O O O -M O O O
i-H t- r^ — f X i~ "O
■M r-l ^ rt r-^ ,-(
t^t-«nOOX"M'^-tO'-HO
CO'-^-tO-f-f-fl' ftOtOiO
i-t 'I'^'O^ r:i X o^ o^ o^ x^ i— ^
oT 3<r n" ■m" i-T x" cT
■M to O X) O O "M X O Ci O O CO O iTJ O
-Hco— 'Xr^h-— ir-(OXOOCir f —
:o_o^r-^-r^-x co^to_-+^c:?_Lq^x tc. ^„t— 3:;_o^
ffcT'— T^ co'~t-rx''-f"r-r I-T r-Ttr
CO — ir; o o o o o o >o o --I
I— It— iCLfir^ocoooxoo
Ut -rf COM ^ '-'^, -^^ '^V ^„ "^l^ ^
Cf S'f T-H Co" C-f r-^ ri
oo'MOcoritoiioxj'-^oooo'i^o
■M CO i^ lO '-n; to o o o t^ o o CO i^ o o
r;__ r; _ co_^ co^ to co_^ o_ -f_^ o_ t - o_ lO c i_ o_ co^ — <^
r-T co' >— T I— T I— T ^i" x" co" i— T c^f t-T ,— T — T r^
CO
to ^ Ol lO O to CO o o o o o
t^ -fi t^ 1^ -t< ->1 1— CO O CO o o
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CO ^l" r-T r-T I-T lO" S'f r-T Co"-*" (m'
CIOOOCO'+O'MMCOOOOOOO
tOf-iO-t-TtiXLOt^— ilOOO'MOCOCO
00_OO^tO__0_t~- 05^X^C5_-*_^tO^O_t^ i-H_tO^CO_^aO^
to' o" T-T m" c<r ^f ci CO !m" tjt c<r r-T c<r i-r
-tHt-iOTti^O'MOtO
5-1 I— I CO 1— I 0-1 CO -<4< -^
l^O-fXCOOtOOOtOOX/OtOtO
-t — < r- CO CO CO -^ I— I (M l-~ (M
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CI CO r-1 CO C-1 -* CO -*1 Ol n r- 1
X O '-£0 O C-l CO o -+ o to f^ o o o o o
— ' 1^ C: to O C-l -f '-0 "M CO -t t^ — uTt' CO o
C-l to t- ^ X --O X to -+I CO T— CO 1—1 c: 1^2
XJOOOXOC^iOOiOO
CO CO o i~ c-i o — H t^ o> r— o.
O ^^T— '^ CO^ 0_ CO_^ M__ !>1_ ^^ tO__ C^
id -t~of 3<ri— rt^co'-^'xr^
COMCOt^X)l--0'MtO'M'MOOOOO
O "— ' — f CO r— I -t> ■>! O CO Ct, 01 O O O Ct; o
ooinj-t'-rfCitoiOi— II— It— iot-^-;^__— ^ x^
-Tj-'cTr-Ti— r '*" c6" o to Tt" '*" tO<— Tt- 1— (
O Ci o o
lO lO O t^
-r o^oi_to^
C-ft-Trt"
o o
CO lO
O lO
o -+ o to o o
'Tf lO o in o o
CO__-f^Cj X^CO O)
CO 00 o
-ft ' CO
<0> CO C-l CO
CO
CO
o o o o
o o — ■ o
CO o 'r: o
O lO o
X CO Ol
rH^tO__a)^
to" o" >f
OOOOOOt^I^OiHsO
cooooio — Ci-ro-ro
QO I— I I— <^0 t^ I— <^t0^C0_^O_r— _^0_
to t-^ x" i>^ c-f C5 to o cr- Xi
I— I CO -fH i^ — ^ ,— I
o o o
(M
•o o o
Oi
Ol O CO
t^
-M O CO
'-h
-t Ol CO
X
CO
• ? i S c- -o . „ ^ -
3 5 6 -s -H O o f L- g
__ :i 3 .Si c rt •= rt cq o o
6 ^
2 5 IJ := J "5 ^ ^ e5
148
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Number of Lives of bees.
Number of dueks.,
Number of geese ,
Number of turkeys.
C
O
Number of chickens..
•<
Eh
CO
O
PQ
<
Number of hogs.,
Number of Cashmere
and Angora goats
Number of sheep.
COQOO-lOl— iCiO'^O'COCOC.— lOCCOtOOOO
OiCOOOOCXOOQOQO
OlMOCCOt^CCOClCO
O ri I^ O C: CC I— 1 CO t^ C-1
o
o
co"
oooica)(Mooio
O CO -^ — QO -rf <M
O O X o o o o o
-tr-ClQCOOiflO
CO c:_^t— o^o c; o^
r-T M CC Cvf
o o o o o o
r- O O O 00 O
CO I— I lO t •— 1 i—t
d I— I O O Tji 5-1 O OO O C-l CO I— <^ 1^ O^
CCT C-1 T CO O I— I T— I
o o
o o
co^o_
i-rci"
OOOOOOGO-^OOOOOi— 'OOOOOOO
OOOOOC LCC-lOCOi-HO-i-CSOOOOOO
O iC 'O O O O CO If; O CO CC O l^ CC '^ O O OC CO o
GO
' r—' ex' o I— I If: oV^ I-* CO I— 1 CC -^ c>
I— CO >— ' Jl 1^1 I— I 1— I r-( <M CC
-r o
O O O O O O O C2 O O M c; O -M i^ ■?! o o o o
C'lCoooooooc^iioO'Ocooooo-rroo
I— I CO r— I <M C^
o ic c: o
CC C^l CO <>]
•
o .
o :
^l, :
i-H :
OOOOOOCOOOiOiOOi— iiOCiOOiOOO
CD o o lO o o 5^1 c3 c CO (M o 1^ CO c; O O -M (M o
1-^CC ^^O O^O' "M^CO^O^O <— '^^-^ C0__ wl^^^'"!'^ *~^'-i.
o" t-^-t-'cTo'"'— I— ilit^'m"!-^ o cc^ococT c^r--r
lO CO i.C O i"^ •-"
o
— C<J
e5
'a
o
= 1
o
eS C t-
o
o
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
149
O O X) O "^ o t^
^
IC
■M lO O
3,
• o o r^ oo n C5 GC
O O CO o o o o
•o -t
t^
1
o — . .,-T i^ t^ -i< t- re -M o -o
.O-t'OCiOO-t^O-rOCCOGOOJiOO-T
CO
OI^ ~ IS O X) u-t o^ ^^^
•COu-Jrt<CO COC^^rOCl-f^CCOC^JOrti
1^
i-H ^-> ri r-H
: 1— 1 r— 1 r— ( I-H rH I-H
CO
o :
o o o o -t o c: o -M o o
:oo-t<coococ;-tooooooxo
Oi
o •
'M O O ~T CO ^ O O 1^ O O
• t^oo-f-rciCicooooooono
00
CO :
Ci oc; ^ »-< i-t^^-f r-< :z;^o_i— 1
t -^ CO CO O M rf O O O QO ?1 GC O O' cc
r^x
--<'" . c-f co'o'
: t^ 1— irJ^Tt^d O-— ii—iC^I
1— t
QO
o :
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I'MOOCilC'+O^^OOOOGCO-tO
b-
r-H ;
uo -i< o a: .-^ o CO o t^ lO "^t
•'MOir^COO(M-t'— 'OOOi— lO'O'MO
CO
1—1
O C-J -Tf .— 1 , -"J.— ' 1— 1 C^l ri
: r-i :c -M CO CO -r o^i-._^o i-h ,-i r— i-i in c;
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c>i-Hoooooooonoo
.'OO'-lOi-'COiOCOOOOOOOOO
CO
i-o:r;ooooooo'MOO
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!>• -*QC'00^-CO(M iCO-!^
: O O 5<] CO <M t^ lO CI O lO O 'M CO m -M 01
- "^Is
rt< K) 1— 1 O O
(M»Tt< i-iC-lOO-^ Ci-— iCOi-^
1^
1— 1
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lO
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
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TRANSACTIONS OP THE
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156 TRANSACTIONS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Table op Statistics — Continued.
Yield' of quicksilver, per month.
Counties.
Pounds.
Santa Clara
Lako
Total...
161,250
55,000
216,250
In Santa Cruz County the California Powder Works manufactured the
following amount, in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven :
Description.
Pounds.
r
Blasti n g powder '
Cannon, musket and sporting powder
3,804,925
181,737
A fuse factory is being built and paper mills are in operation. One
hundred thousand barrels of lime and two hundred thou.>5and dollars
worth- of leather Avere made in the county during the year.
One powder mill and one paper mill in operation in Marin County.
TRANSACTIONS
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
FOR THE YEAR 1869.
STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE FOR 1869.
PRESIDENT.
CHARLES F. REED Grafton, Yolo County.
DIRECTORS.
C. H. Ross Sacramento.
T. L. Chambeulain Placer.
William P. Coleman Sacramento.
H. M. Larue Sacramento.
H. R. Covet Sau Francisco.
R. S. 'Carey Yolo.
C. T. Wheeler Sacramento.
Edgar Mills Sacramento.
Robert Hamilton Sacramento.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
Secretary RoBERT Beck, Sacramento.
Treasurer .' R. T. Brow.v, Sacramento.
Chemiet and Metallurgist Dr. R. Oxland, F. C. S., San Francisco.
Geologist Prof. William P. Blake, San Francisco.
ileteorologist T. M. Logan, M. D., Sacramento.
Zoologist and Entomologist H. W. Harkness, M. D., Sacramento.
Botanists A. KELLoaa, M. D., San Francisco; Prof. H. N. Bolander, Sau Francisco.
OPENING ADDRESS.
DELR'ERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER
SEVENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY- NINE.
By CHAS. F. EEED, President.
Gentlemen and Ladies^ and Members of the State Agricultural Society :
Having occupied this position, and addressed you from this same stand
upon the subject of agriculture, on so many occasions like the present, I
feel almost at a loss what to say that can interest you or that will be
appropriate to the occasion. On an ordinary occasion, with no new
events to record, with no great achievements accomplished, with no
grand marches toward prosperity, permanent and lasting, for our State,
I feel that I might well be excused from saying anything to you to-night,
except, perhaps, to greet you with congratulations upon the general
prosperity of our people, and might be content to remain a silent looker-
on where there is so much to be seen and learned. But the present
occasion is no ordinary one for our State. The history of California
from its ver}' beginning is pregnant with grand events. To say nothing
of the commercial and monetary revolutions, extending throughout the
world, which have been brought about by the discover}- of her mines of
precious metals — of her jingling gold and silver coin having taken the
place of intrinsicall}' worthless paper in all the great money exchanges
— to say nothing of .the liberality with which she poured out that gold
and silver in' the interest of suffering humanity, when her country's
defenders needed her assistance — to say nothing of the crowns of glory
with which her name will ever be encircled, in consequence of the noble
deeds of her sons on the great battlefield of liberty, both on land and
sea — to say nothing of the valuable discoveries in science, of the great
improvements in mechanics and the arts, for which the world is indebted
to her — to say nothing of the explosion of old and erroneous theories in
political economy, and the adoption of new and correct ones, which she
has occasioned in all the civilized Governments of the earth — to say
nothing of her acliievements in agriculture, of her supplying the grain
marts of the world with wheat superior to that of all other countries, of
the immense quantities and superior excellence of her fruits, embracing
160 TRANSACTIONS OF THE "
the most valuable varieties of all the climates, of her extensive vineyards
and promising wines, of the magnitude of her mulberry plantations and
the superior exeellenco and richness of her silks — to say nothing of all
these and many other subjects which go to make up the grand record in
honor of California as a State, still the present occasion is one of which
we, as citizens of California, as farmers, mechanics, artisans and laboring
men and women, may all well be proud.
For the last seven years we have each and every one of us been con-
tributing of our means to the accomplishment of one of the boldest
undertakings, one of the grandest achievements the world has ever
known; and this year has witnessed the final completion of that great
undertaking. We have, on a former occasion, appropriatel}"^ celebrated
the great event.
I need not say I refer to the completion of the Pacific Eailroad — the
connecting link which binds with an iron band the two extremes of our
noble country together. By this road, not only the East and the West,
but the North and the South, are m^ade one. Politically speaking, of
many countries, of many conflicting interests, of manj- people, this road
has made one — while heretofore we have felt and acted as citizens of
many States, with conflicting and apparently unreconcilable interests.
Now we all begin to feel that we are citizens of one common country,
with interests and objects identical. Hereafter, the Pacific and the
Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico and the lakes, bound one common country
and surround one common people — a country which has no equal,
geographically, phj'sically, morally or politicall}' — a people, compara-
tively speaking, at least worthy of the country" they possess.
But we are here to consider the material interests of California, and
while this road is so important to the nation as a whole, if properly man-
aged its importance to California cannot be overestimated. With cheap
fares, it will make California the high road of the travelling world ; with
cheap freights, it will become the means of transportation of the richest
commerce the world has ever seen. It will stimulate our agriculture,
and make our State what in respect to soil, location and climate she is
capable of being — the Garden of Eden of modern times. It will be the
means of reclaiming that vast region of country l^ing between the
Rock}' and Sierra ranges of mountains from a vast trackless and. value-
less desert, making a rich, fertile countrj^, dotted with thriving towns
and cities, and teeming with a countless and industrious po])ulation. It
will make of our tradesmen, in reality,' merchant princes. It will make
our principal towns and cities the banks and centres of exchange for
all the commercial countries of the globe.
These things can only be brought about by a liberal policy in the
management of the road — a policy as liberal and enlightened as the
enterprise is grand and magnificent. With such a policy, a few years will
suffice to make this road the grand trunk to which other roads, branch-
ing in every direction, and spanning the continent north and south, will
become contributary. As we Californians are all, in one sense, stock-
holders in this grand highway, we have a right to expect and demand
that its management shall be shaped with reference to the accomplish-
ment of these most desii-able objects.
Hence it becomes proj)er, on occasions like the present, when we come
together, to bring the evidences of our prosperity, and while counting
up the advantages of our State and country, to consider whether we
are reaping all tlie benefits we might, from the circumstances which sur-
round us. Particularly on this occasion is it proper to consult as to
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. IGl
whether the agricultural interests of the State are being conducted in a
manner to secure the greatest benefits from the advantageous circum-
stances with wliich we are surrounded.
Our geographical situation is all that could be desired to enable us to
make the most of whatever we maj' produce by exchanges with other
peoples and other countries. When we look out across the continent,
from our very doors to the shores of the Atlantic, we find a people
anxious to buy for cash the surplus of nearlj' everything we can produce.
The miners of Nevada want of our surplus wheat, barley, corn, potatoes,
beans, fruits, wines, woollen goods, etc., etc., and in exchange they give
us their gold and silver. The extreme East and the old West are ask-
ing for our fruits, our wines, our silks, our leather; in tact, everything '
we have to sell finds a ready market at remunerative prices all along
this great thoroughfare, from the commencement of our own foot-hills to
the extreme borders of the continent. In fact, the people beyond the
Atlantic are urging us to enter largely into the production of the raw
silk and silk seed, to supply the demand for their consumption, which is
millions of dollars' worth annually. If we look out at the Golden Gate,
into and across the Pacific Ocean — to say nothing of our advantageous
commercial relations already existing with the countries along the coast,
both north and south — to say nothing of the numerous islands and the
whaling fleets which look to us for their supplies — we see the vast
myriads of Asia, with their heretofore exclusion walls broken down, and
their ports thrown open, inviting us to the enjoyment of a commerce
rich beyond precedent, and which, if judiciously nursed and cultivated,
cannot fail to secure to us advantages attainable by no other State or
country.
Surrounded, as we thus are, by so many advantageous circumstances,
it becomes us seriously and searchingly to inquire how we may best
prepare ourselves for securing, in the greatest degree, the benefits they
offer. What shall we cultivate — what shall we produce, to enable us to
supply all these various demands to the best advantage? We possess
so many varieties of soil, so many varieties and conditions of climate, that
our natural capacities for production are almost as varied and extensive
as the demands upon us.
Viewing all the circumstances which surround us, and which go to
make us what we are, what should be our policy in reference to the
agriculture of our State? That policy, in my opinion, is plain and easy
to be determined. Our public domain, our lands in general, should be
divided up into small farms or parcels, each one of these to become the
home and homestead of a family, dependent for a livelihood upon the
cultivation of that homestead.
Since the organization of our State, the greatest drawback upon our
prosperity has been in this very land question. Through the unfortu-
nate management of our General Government, the baneful system of
Spain in the disposition of her public domain was entailed upon us, and
Spanish grants, valid and invalid, real and spurious, covered a large ])or-
tion of our best agricultural lands throughout the State. Time and other
circumstances have in a measure worn away the efi'ects of this system,
but in its place has sprung up another, equally detrimental to our pros-
perity.
I refer to the accumulation of our lands in the hands of corporations
and wealthy individuals for speculative purposes. Thousands of acres of
21
162 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
land, in all desirable portions of the State, which but two years ago
could huve been bought of the Government or the State for from one
dollar to one dollar and a quarter per acre, cannot now be bought for less
than from ton to fifteen dollars per acre. What is the result '{ Immi-
gration to the State is checked, the settlement and improvement of our
vacant lands is slow and uncertain, and consequently, the prosperity of
the State is held in aboj'ance.
The question here arises, can this evil be abated or remedied ? It is
true that individuals and corporations have the right to invest their
means in lands, and to hold them for their price, and the Government
has no right directly to interfere.
Yet we believe the State can of right and ought, in jua|ice to herself
and to small landholders who live upon and cultivate their lands, reach,
and to a great extent remedy the evil.
If you or r own and cultivate one hundred and sixty acres of land,
which we hold worth fifty dollars per acre — when the vlssessor comes
around he values that land at fifty dollars per acre, and we have to pay
the taxes upon that valuation. Not so with these large land holders.
They generally manage to have their lands valued at what they cost
them, and not what they sell them at. This is wrong, and unjust to
other taxpayers, and a fraud upon the treasury of the State, and it lies
in the power of the Legislature to remedy the evil — and the remedy
should be applied.
The prosperity, certain and lasting, of our agriculture, lies in the
variety of productions equal to the variety of our capacity and the de-
mand upon us.
Let our lands be divided up into small farms, and we insure that
variety of production, and consequently, that certain and permanent
prosperit}^.
The production of wheat, though remunerative for the last few years,
is liable to be followed to that extent that it may become an injury to
the State. The continued cultivation of wheat upon lands, from year to
year, exhausts the soil, and in the end impoverishes the producer.
Again, if the farmers of the State depend upon the wheat crop too
exclusively, a failure of that crop for a few successive seasons bankrupts
the farming interest and stagnates the entire business of the State. We
have liad experience in this respect, and that experience ought to teach
us a lesson for the future.
Experiments in the production of new articles of agricultural industry,
•in different portions of the State, show conclusively what might be
;added to our general prosperity if the production of these articles should
become general. Thousands of dollars per acre are being realized
■annually b}^ a few gentlemen in Los Angeles County, from orange and
lemon orchards only seven or eight years of age ; and yet the number of
oranges thej' produce is a mere drop in the bucket when compared to the
number consumed in this State. Experiments in other portions of the
State show conclusively that these fruits can be raised in other localities
as successfully and in as great perfection as in Los Angeles. Evidences
of this fact have been exhibited at the State fair for years past,
>from Butte and Sacramento Counties; and within a stone's throw from
where we now stand, the luscious fruit, in full perfection, is annually
plucked from the trees. Why, then, should not California not onl}- sup-
;ply her own demand for these fruits, but ship to her sister States what
they may need ? Experiments in shipping certain varieties of grapes
and other fruits to the Atlantic States, on the railroad, are proving not
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 163
only successful, but higbly remunerative. Let these varieties be sought
out and cultivated, and we have here opened up a market that cannot
be glutted by a few wagon loads, but will continue to grow in propor-
tion as the people East learn the richness and delicac}' of our Califurnia
fruits.
Experiments in tea culture, now being made in El Dorado County by
a large company of Japanese, who have immigrated to our State for that
purpose within the last year, are giving evidence of success beyond all
expectation. The plants, set out under most disadvantageous circum-
stances, late in the season, are growing much better than in Japan, and
the question of the successful production of tea in all our foot-hills is
fully settled already, the only question remaining to be decided being
the quality of the tea produced, and the experiment, so far, gives good
indication of a favorable answer to this question.
The production of beet sugar has been entered upon in good earnest
by a company of capitalists, near this city, and bids fair to become one
of the permanent and profitable industries of the State. The fact that
California annually pays for sugars and molasses, imported, over four
million dollars, makes their undertaking one of great interest, and the
success of the enterprise will be hailed as a new era in the agriculture of
th6 State.
The culture of silk is another new industry of great moment to the
State. The people of the United States pay annually for the silk worn
by them over seventj' millions of dollars, and these silks are all the pro-
ducts of foreign countries. In connection with this fact, how significant,
how immensely valuable become the unmistakable evidences of the
certain success of this industry in our State, presented to our eyes in
the grand exhibition of cocoons in this hall to-night. A few years since,
our Legislature, recognizing the importance of the introduction of this
industry into our State, passed an Act offering liberal premiums for the
production of mulberry trees and cocoons within a certain number of
years from the date of that Act. Accepting the promise of the State as
having been made in good faith, a number of enterprising individuals
entered into the tree and silk culture in good earnest, and the result is
that they now have and will have demands against the State to the
amount, in the aggregate, of from twentj'-five thousand dollars to*thirty
thousand dollars, while the value to the State of their enterprises —
proving, as they have done, that California bas not a rival in the world
in the successful cultivation of this rich and beautiful product — cannot
be measured by millions. Under such circumstances, the faith of the
State having been pledged, it should be honestly redeemed. ■' Tbe
promise having been made, must be kept."
I cannot, in justice to this society, and in justice to the memory of
the dead, leave this subject without bearing testimony in a humble way
to the value of the services to this State of the father of this industry
in California — the late Louis Prevost.
Prevost was a Frenchman by birth. He left his native land and came
to this country because he loved our republican institutions. Settling in
Long Island (Xew York), he engaged in the nursery business. In eigh-
teen hundred and forty-nine he came to this State, and early engaged in
the same business in San Jose.
In August, eighteen hundred and fifty-six, a committee of this society
visited the place of Prevost, and in their report use the following lan-
guage :
*' The committee cannot pass the garden of Prevost without a par-
164 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ticular notice of his efforts to introduce into our State tlie cultivation of
the mulberry, and we may safely suy he is the pioneer in this new work
of silk raisinj^. The committee most warmly commend this enterprise;
and in noticing this fine j)lantation of over twenty-five thousand mul-
berrj" trees, they feel that at least a just and appreciutin:^ notice of his
laudable exertions is due to him at the hands of the Visiting Committee."
Thus it will be seen that for thirteen years at least Prevost labored
disinterestedly and, as we all know, faithfully, to introduce into our
State his favorite industry. Of late years, every dollar of his money
and almost every moment of his time was devoted to this cause. Mem-
bers of this society and visitors of the State fairs will miss his cheerful
presence and his simple but enthusiastic representations of the value to
the State that the cultivation of silk would one da}' become. While we
miss him, let us not forget his services.
These annual fairs of our State society have come to be regarded by
our citizens in all portions of the State as a general holiday — a day of
enjoyment and recreation. We are apt to forget the real objects of the
fair — the real lessons the annual exhibition of the evidences of ourprog-
ress are intended to inculcate. Let us not throw away the occasion,
but note the improvements that are being made from j'car to year, and
see whether we cannot in turn, within the next year, produce something
worthy of a place in the next exhibition. Let us strive to make these
exhibitions worthy of the name our State has attained. When we each
•of us do this we shall not feel like a])ologizing to our visitors for the
meager disj)lay in this or that department of our exhibitions. In the
name of the society, I invite each and all to an examination of the
articles we here see spread out before us.
To our visitors from abroad 1 extend a hearty greeting, and give you
the right hand of fellowship of the society. It will be my pleasure, and
the pleasure of every member of the Board of Managers, to extend to
you such attentions and such hospitalities as the occasion and the per-
formance of our several duties will permit.
We hope, now that the distance between the Pacific and Atlantic
States has in a measure been annihilated, to become better acquainted
and more neighborly, and to receive and return not only personal visits,
but to interchange the products of our several States on the occasions of
our annual fairs.
Hoping that the week's eaitertainment may prove agreeable and bene-
ficial, and that the exhibition may incite all to renewed exertions in the
future, I return my sincere thanks for the respectful attention you have
given me, and again extend to you a hearty welcome to the enjoyments
of the occasion.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 165
KEMARKS OF SENATOR J. W. NYEj
At the conclusion of President Reed's address, he introduced Senator
J. W. Nye, wlio delivered a few remarks, which were listened to with
much interest and attention. lie said he had been invited by the Presi-
dent of the society to be present, but had not expected to be called
upon to^ say an^-thin^. lie said he could not, however, help mingling
his congratulations with his hearers upon the success of the present
fair. Twenty years ago, there was no Agricultural Society here, and
no agriculture worth spealving of. He rejoiced with the citizens of Cali-
fornia at the wonderful success they had achieved in the various agricul-
tural and industrial pursuits. They literally sat under tlieir own vines
and fig trees, and had none to make them afraid. If such progress had
been made during the past twenty j^ears, who could predict the advance
that would be made in the next twenty years? If all the oceans that
surround the United States were to dry up and be transformed to rock,
there was not a single article of common necessity — nay, even of luxury
— which the United States could not produce within her borders. He
expected to see, at no distant day — or rather, he expected younger men
than himself to see — almost the entire trade of the Indies, that great
trade for which the world has struggled for fourteen centuries, carried
with mighty velocity and irresistible power across this continent, and
our countrj" the mistress of the sea and the master of the commerce of
the world. It was a fact in political economy, in the historj- of the
world, that whatever burdens a nation might entail upon herself, the
earth, the teeming earth, must pay the debt. He was present at the
California State fair eight years ago, and the present exhibition, con-
trasted with that of that period, spoke most favorably of the progress
made during the interval. He concluded by commending the zeal and
wisdom of the President of the society.
166 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ANNUAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER
NINTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Hon. EDWAED TOMPKINS.
Mr. President, Gentlemen of the State Agricultural Societi/, Ladies and
Gentlemen :
"The State Fair of eighteen hundred and sixt^y-nine is California's
oppoji'tunity," said one of the leading papers of the State (the Sacra-
mento Union), in a recent suggestive and thoughtful article, and the
ideas therein advanced have furnished me the basis for what I am to say
this evening.
California — who is she? Opportunity — for what? Nineteen years
ago this day a new State was born in the American Union. Everywhere
her advent was greeted with a most cordial welcome. Friends from
every State and from eveiy land gathered about her, strong arms encom-
passed her, brave hearts at once took charge of her intci'cst and her des-
tiny, the plains were covered with endless caravans of hardy adventu-
rers coming to engage in her service, the ocean gleamed with the white
wings of commerce wafting its tributes to her feet. Jlvery land gath-
ered up of its courage and energy the choicest to send her, and the
islands of the sea poured out without limit or restraint their tribute also.
And as her name and fame spread from nation to nation, a new and
brighter spirit beamed from every ej'C, mind was everywhere quickened
and developed, hope came back to the desponding; wider range and
broader scope was given to intellect, and brighter possibilities and a
more brilliant future dawned upon mankind.
Such was the advent of California into the Union, but the crowd who
rushed hither knew not the magnitude of the work in which they bore
a part. '' They builded greater than they knew," and the powers they
put in motion were to accomplish results that their imaginations, in their
boldest flight, would never have dared to dream of as within the limits
ol the possible.
Nineteen j'ears have passed, and what have they accomplished ? The
infant State has developed into an em]>ire. A territor}' larger than the
Eastern and Middle States combined, has been seamed up with roads,
dotted with farm houses, explored by science, its golden veins developed
and rifled, its buried secrets wrested from its bosom, the plough and the
harrow have torn it, and the reaper has swept far and wide over its
waving acres — the ships that came laden when everything was wanted,
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 167
and went away empty, beeauso there was nothing to spare, now come
light because so little is needed, and stream out of the Golden Gate an
endless procession of deep-freighted argosies, carrj'ing the treasure that
the world covets, and the bread that the hungry demand, and better
than all this, law has obtained the supremacy that belongs only to the
age when man has learned to control himself — order reigns in the hearts
and by the will of the ])cople ; the lesson is being learned — alas ! it takes
centuries and blood to learn it well — that self-government, to be other
than a failure, must be at once the most unlimited freedom and the most
absolute sovereignty. Everywhere education is fostered, school houses
are built, and occupied too, and side by side with them arise on every
hand the altars erected to the living God.
With all this prosperity before us and around us, it becomes us now to
inquire whence it has come, and to whom we are indebted for it ? The
answers are already in 3-our hearts. It has come from the God-blessed
soil, and it has been developed by the strong arms and the brave hearts
of the farmers and miners of California. In golden grain, or in virgin
gold, it matters not which, they have wrested wealth, beyond the dream
of avarice, from nature's bosom, and sent it forth to enrich and bless the
world.. Nowhere else has such a mighty influence been exercised, for as
that tide of wealth has flowed abroad it has entered and expanded all
the channels of business, and all the avenues where capital does its won-
derful work. A thousand millions of gold have swelled the cofl'ers of
the old States and the old world. Property has been largely increased
in value everywhere, and thousands across the continent or the oceans
have found themselves enriched by the advance, without ever dreaming
that it was the sweat and toil of Californians that was thus spreading,
like God's blessing, over the just and the unjust in every land upon which
the sun shines.
A thousand millions! Can 3'ou comprehend such a sum? Does not
the mind falter as it attempts to grasp it? And if its simple statement
is so incomprehensible, how shall we bow in humility if we undertake
to follow it in its world-developing work ? It must not be forgotten
that it is never idle. Onward, and ever onward is its law. Used, it is
a blessing — unused, it is a curse. Ceaseless activity is its greatest
characteristic, and b}* night and b3'' day it keeps up its eternal march.
The rain that the clouds gather, and drop as fast as gathered, where it
is most needed, that it may clothe the earth with beauty and with fruit,
and then, when that end is accomplished, commence drawing it back
from all the little channels where its work of blessing has carried it, that
it may again, with full reservoirs, renew ks life-giving showers upon the
earth beneath, is the tj'pc and the representative of that grand circula-
tion of capital that gives life and power to the business world. Through
all the avenues of commerce it circulates to the centres that attract it.
Accumulated there, as in reservoirs, it invites drafts upon it from all
that need. The great manufactory comes and presents its claim, and
becomes the means bj' which a shower of blessings descends upon the
thousands that depend upon it for subsistence. Commerce asks a sub-
sid}', and accumulation gladly answers its demands as it whispers to
itself, 'il scatter but to gather again." Great railroads present their
claims, with arguments so irresistible that even cupidity finds its greatest
gratification in parting with its hoards to help them onward, and smiles
complacentl}- as it remembers that the vast increase of popular wealth
that they cause increases also, an hundredfold, the harvest it will reaj)
from the seed it thus sows. And so, through every department of
1^ TRANSACTIONS OP THE
business and of life, capital, drawn from its great reservoirs, and scat-
tered in showers, commences at once to circulate back, as it had done
before, to the place from whence it came, that there it may again be
concentrated and sent forth to repeat its work of beneficence in the
earth. ■*
It is manifest that just in proportion to the extent of the accumu-
lation will be the magnitude of the enterprises that it will support. The
men of hundreds cannot handle millions; the men of millions will not
deal in hundreds. When, therefore, California added a thousand millions
to the world's wealth, she increased in equal proportions the scope and
power of the men who handled that wealth. Have you ever stoj^ped to
think that the great merchants and bankers on the Royal Exchange in
London, and the Bourse, in Paris, are not only richer but greater men
because California has been doing its work in the world ? JJo you know
that in the soil of California has been found the motive power that has
driven the locomotive over more than fifty thousand miles of European
and American railroads, and furnished the track for its world developing
career ?
You may not be ready to admit these great facts even now; but see
how plain the}' are : A thousand millions, gathered through twenty years,
gives an average of five hundred millions for the whole time. As inter-
est is lost whenever it lies idle, it is the constant study of those who
control it to keep it employed. I do not believe that the loss of time in
each man's hands will average one week. So far as I can jndge, b}- per-
sonal experience, the place that wants it is alwa^'S waiting when it
comes, and the loss of time, as thus measured, is whollj' inappreciable.
But that we may keep the figures where they will not quite blind lis,
and not because it is right, I will assume that every man who receives
any part of the five hundred millions keeps it idle one month before he
uses or invests it, and thus that the whole capital only changes hands
twelve times a year. Twelve times five hundred is six thousand, and
thus we have an aggregate of six thousand millions of dollars as the
amount of new business that could be done each year by reason of this
addition to the capital of the world. Had it been Y'^-'ilii^Jd to that
extent, the world's transactions must have been equally reduced, simply
because there was nothing with which they could be carried on.
The thieves that do not commit legal I^rcen}' in Wall street, under-
stand this perfectly M'hen they combine and withdraw ten millions from
circulation. So readily does business expand to the full limit of the
means to do it, that the least diminution of sup])l3' at once aftects it in
all its channels. Ten millions withdrawn is, in that boiling, seething
centre, ten millions of operations a day contracted or cut off. But the
artificial contraction is discovered only when the business has been done,
and the usual means to pay for it are found to be wanting. Instantly
there is a foray upon the capital that is wanted for oti)er uses. Increased
demand augments the power of the lenders, and the rate of interest is
advanced. Weak borrowers can no longer carry the stocks they hold,
and they are thrown upon the market and sacrificed. The withdrawn
ten millions comes out in time to take advantage of the depression,
while, by relieving the market, it causes again the advance which»enable8
it to secure the profits of the villany which has been jiracticed.
In the light of this illustration, how mighty the part that has been,
and is yet performed, by the five hundred millions of California ! Six
thousand millions a 3*ear, for twenty years, is one hundred and twenty
thousand millions of transactions, with a month inverveniug between
STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 169
ever}^ one. Take this amount from the world's business, and where
would bo the great lines of steamsiiips, railroads and tele<>;raph that
within that time have girdled and seamed up the world ? Within twenty
years the work of previous centuries has been done Man has been
elevated, his powers enlarged, his views and* grasp expanded, and his
very life quadrupled, because made capable of four times as much useful-
ness, development and power, as was ever possible before.
I know it is easy to sneer and cavil at the figures made, even by
intelligent enthusiasm. But will the doubter tell me, when he must
admit that the capital has existed, and that the world's business has, at
the same time, been thus enormously developed, where the capital has
been Ij'ing idle, and what else has produced these great results ?
1 have not, in this discussion, for one moment lost sight of my ques-
tion, " Who is California ?" I prefer to answer it by her record — by
showing what she has done and is doing. Whoever will remember that
all her capital, and not merely the average, is now working on in the
world's business, and that she is yearly adding from her surplus agricul-
tural and mineral wealth much more than sixty millions more, and then
carrying on the figures for the next ten years, by inexorable mathemati-
cal law, will arrive at a result that will endanger his reputation for sanity
if he shall dare whisper it to any one else, but that v/ill be more than
realized in the progress of events.
Whoever has watched the development of the State of New York
during the last thirty or forty years cannot fail to remember the persis-
tent courage with which from time to time, as opportunit}^ offered, the
distinguished Samuel B. Ruggles has dared to be sneered at -for placing
before the people the startling figures that measured the coming pros-
perit}' of that great State.
It was with him neither idle guessing nor the delusive product of an
undisciplined imagination. If to accurately foretell the future belongs
to the spirit of prophecy, then " his lips had been touched with a live
coal," fresh from the altar of truth. By a process, simple as the fun-
damental rules of arithmetic, he read what was to be by what was. He
said if so manj^ men in ten years, with a given capital, produced certain
ascertained results, then twice the number, with double the capital and
under the same circumstances will, of necessity, produce twice as much.
That was the whole basis of tlae calculation, and carrying it on for suc-
cessive periods he thus mapped out the coming development of New
York, to be sneered at by the timid and ridiculed by the doubters, and
believed by nobody, but to be worked out and demonstrated by the pro-
gress of events, to a degree that has proven his calculations to be almost
as reliable as the census itself. He had his reward in living to see the
pi-osperity he had predicted, but not in seeing the world ready to believe
in and act on his great idea.
" What has been, will be ! " Solomon said it thousands of years ago,
and even yet we teach our children that he was " the wisest man,"
because he knew enough to recognize and indorse the great truth.
Ruggles echoed it, demonstrated it in advance, and time has proved it
again. And yet, with all this evidence, you who are here to-night are
wiser than thej', and do not believe it with any of that practical faith
that will cause you to act on it in your business and your lives. Nay,
more — if I should here and now take the measure of your past progress
as a guide, and assume that with all your increased facilities, and your
22
170 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
new olements of power, you will yet, each one of j^ou, in the future,
continue to do just as much as you have done heretofore, and putting the
whole together, with the unanswerable logic of figures shoul(J show the
results that will bo reached in eighteen hundred and seventy, and in
eighteen hundred and eigiity, and in eighteen hundred and ninety, and
in nineteen hundred, you would smile complacently but incredulously,
smooth yourself down Avith the comfortable idea that Avith all the
capacity' of Californians in that direction, you are not yd gullible
enough to swallow that, and as you walked awaj', Avould think and speak
of it all as " pleasant bubbling, such as dreams are made of," and sure to
vanish at the first blush of the coming day.
And yet, it is for your interest to believe, and to dare to trust this strik-
ing lesson of experience. I cannot tell you what California is, and omit
the boundless capacity to be — what she is to be hereafter — that is in
her. It would be to think only of the little, and omit the great. You
cannot do your part in Avorking out her magnificent destiny unless you
grow to its full measure yourselves. If I can, in any degree, deepen and
strengthen your faith in the permanence, as Avell as the magnificence
of her prosperit}^, I shall have done more for the agricultural, as Avell as
all other interests in the State, than I could possibl}' have done by
spreading before you in fullest measure, the doubtless extensive knowl-
edge that you expect a laAvyer to possess, of soils and crops and the
methods by which they are cultiA^ated and produced. Indeed, I have
thus far assumed, that in inviting me to address 3'ou, you asked for an
outside and not an inside view of your great interests, and that if j'ou
had wanted to hear of cropS or stock, you Avould have summoned
Bidwell, or Beard, or Coombs, or Martin," or Hood, to fill the place I
occupy to-night. It is good sometimes to look over our fences, and learn
what Ave can of the world beyond.
I have spoken of the influence California has exercised abroad. At
home she has been going through a process of transformation that prom-
ises even greater results. Her valleys, for years believed to be Avorth-
less, are rapidly becoming the Avorld's granaries. Up the sides of her
hills the vine is climbing, and its rich clusters everywhere gladden the
eye, and its blood " cheers the heart of man." The <5live and the fig,
the fruits of Eden, abound everyAvhere, and even the tree of knowledge
of good and evil" — God help us \^ all who have tasted its forbidden
fruits in California are to find the gates of Paradise eternally closed
against them !
Within the last few years the culture of silk and the industries con-
nected Avith it have received a great impulse in our State. I look for-
ward to the time when in magnitude and importance it will hardly be
second to any other interest, and I should disappoint j-ou and do injus-
tice to my own feelings if I did not pause to place such wreath as I may
upon the freshly made grave of the simple-hearted, single-minded, ear-
nest-purposed enthusiast Avho has done more than all others to infuse
knowledge, increase interest and secure the attention of our people to
this great source of wealth. Ijong as silk shall continue to be produced,
manufactured and Avorn, should the name of the unrewarded martj'r to
its introduction hero, Louis Prevost, be held in grateful remembrance by
every lover of the best interests of California.
I have not time even to enumerate the many interests that are being
fostered and developed by the agriculturists of the State. You know
more of them already than I can tell you, but do you also know that by
your varied industry you are supplementing the failing gold mines and
STATE AOEICULTURAL SOCIETY. 171
carrying the aggregate of production above what it was in their palmiest
days? Do )'ou realize, as you read day by daj- of the sailing of ship
after ship laden with agricultural products, that our surplus thus exported
already exceeds twent}' millions of dollars per annum? For myself, I
sit down in wonder before this great fact. Forty dollars each for every
man. woman and child in the State, of surplus agricultural productions,
exported each j-ear to supply the wants of the rest of the world, by a
people that but the other day would have starved if their supply ships
had had longer voyages than usual, and from a soil that half the world
believed to be a desert, until the food it sent them forced the falsehood
down their hungry throats. Forty dollars each ! To equal it. Great
Britain, hugging itself for all it is, and a good deal that it is not, must
export fourteen hundred millions per annum, and our brethren on the
other side of the continent, who have not entirel}^ got over the idea that
we are yet in swaddling bands, must supplement the fort}^ millions that
they promise us at the next census with sixteen hundred millions of dol-
lars of annual surplus sent abroad. Add to all this, that nowhere else
on God's earth is the quantity consumed at home an3-where near as
great as it is with us, that food is so plenty and so cheap that it is used
freely and scattered lavishly, so that in all our borders hunger and want
are almost unknown, and we have a fact that if it could be put in form
to be fiill}^ understood b}' all the laboring classes abroad, and supported
by evidence that would secure to it the absolute belief that it deserves,
would depopulate those old empires of all the energy or industry that is
left in them, and pour it in one mightj* flood upon our shores.
Perhaps I have gone as far with these figures as prudence would
warrant. The world is never ready to believe any more than it has
itself seen, and when new and startling facts are adverse to their interests,
their incredulity is precisely equal to the call thus made upon it. But it
surely has not escaped your attention that I have made no allusion to
the export of gold, precisely as much a surplus product of our industry
as our wheat. Taking into the account only the twenty-five million
dollars known to be exclusively Californian, and without including a
dollar of the nearly equal sums from the States around us, although
that is in no small degree the product of California capital and industry,
we have the astounding result of ninety dollars a year exported for
everj- soul within our borders. At the same rate, Great Britain would
export annually three billion one hundred and fifty million dollars;
Illinois, two hundred and fifty million dollars; the State of New York,
over three hundred and sixty million dollars; and the whole Atlantic
States, three billion six hundred million dollars every year. The figures
are right, whether you believe them or not !
What is the result of all this prosperity ? Just what you would ex-
pect, if^ou were looking to prove its existence by its fruits. Outside of
the haunts of vice in our large cities — even here vice will bear its own
crop — where do you see rags or want? Who seeks work, that is fit to
work, and cannot find it? Where are the wages of labor so high, and
so promptly paid, and in currency so unalloyed and undebased ? Where
else is every human being so well fed, clothed and housed ? Where else
is the ring of coin heard in every pocket, as it is here ? 1 hazai"d nothing
in the assertion that there are five persons in California, in proportion
to the whole, in what we unjustlj^ call the humble walks of life, that are
worth five to twenty thousand dollars each, to one in any other com-
munity upon which the sun shines. This universal diffusion of inde-
pendence, what an anchor and safeguard it is to any people !
irf
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
But the croakers, doubters and holdbacks of society, although fewer
here than elsewhere, are yet not entirely unknown among us, and I hear
the significant questions with which they foi-cshadow the reverses that,
whether intending it or not, they do all in their power to create. " How
long is all this going to Mst ?" " Ever^'thing is too high already — when
will the bubble burst?" It will last as long as these birds of ill omen
are allowed to croak, without injuring anyone but themselves. Nothing
that is measured and weighed with gold in the other scale is too high.
The bubble will never burst, because it does not exist ; but the good ship
may sink, if these enemies, in the guise of friends, are allowed to scuttle
her, to see if she is not hollow and empty. Tliej^ will not let out wind,
but they may let in water.
Some of you have experienced, all have read about, the recent severe
pressure in the money market throughout the State. Because it has fur-
nished a more striking illustration of the sound basis upon which our
prosperity rests than any other that I have met with, I will detain you
to give it a moment's consideration.
I)o you remember a pith}' little editorial in the San Francisco Eoeniny
Bulletin, calling attention to the fact that the National, State and Cit}' Gov-
ernments had, by the operation of circumstances that it seems to me ordi-
nary financial wisdom would have averted, withdrawn from circulation
and locked up about fourteen million dollars? The calculation was then
made that it was equal to fourteen dollars each for everj" person this
side of the Rocky Mountains, ant^that the same pro rata withdrawn on
the other side would amount to at least five hundred million dollars.
No language that I can use can add to the enormity of that statement.
We have already seen the effect produced by the withdrawal of ten mil-
lion dollars in greenbacks from circulation in New York. Panic comes
treading in its train, and more than one tall fabric of credit topples
down before it. And yet that is hut twenty-five cents each for forty millions
of people. Our Government takes from us fifty-six times as much, pro-
portionally, and not one house failed in San Francisco that could show
that it was solvent and ought not to fail. Here was the test of the two
systems: Substance against shadow ; cash opposed tc4 credit; payment
rather than promises to pay; gold in place of paper that promises gold
but could not keep its promise.
See, also, how our banks and bankers were affected by it. In New
York they had exchanged their own promises with their customers for
theirs when they discounted their notes; no money had passed, but the
bank hod increased its own indebtedness by being a lender. Pressure
sends its promises homo for payment, and it cannot extend the bor-
rower's note, th(nigh it may ultimately be as good as its own. Self-pro-
tection is the first law of nature, and they act on it rejnorselosslv. Who
shall blame them ? It is the system and not the bank that it isTn fault.
But the banker in California has loaned money and not promises. He
had it, or he could not lend it; and it needs no redemption, for the world
knows of nothing more valuable with which to redeem it. As he has
no debt rolling in upon him to call for all his resources, he can carry
along every borrower that deserves it, until he can, without sacrifice,
make his resources available. Thus the community are bound together
by mutual interest, and present a front that can never be successfully
assailed until they undermine and put it upon a credit foundation them-
selves. I have had the opportunity to know something of the course
pursued by the banks and bankers of California during the late pressure,
and severe as it was, I do not believe that any great emergency in
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 173
human affairs was ever met by a more liberal, kindly and wise spirit and
policy than that adopted and carried out b}- them. Let the mind that
is equal to the consideration of such measureless, boundless ruin, carry
out for itself the effect of withdrawing a proportionate sum in I^ew
York. Not one business huuse could go on with its business; not one
bank but would be ruined; property would be almost valueless, and
bankruptc}' and beggary would stalk into almost every home.
There are people in Cah'fornia who would change our system for
theirs. It is as if we should take medicine because our friends are sick;
as if we, with plenty of good clothing, should go naked because those
we love beyond the mountains have lost their wardrobes. When they
tell us ibat, because the}- having no gold, use the best substitute they
can, that, therefore, we should send our gold away also, so as to be no
better off than they are, it seems as if old ^sop was a prophet also, and
foreknew their existence when he narrated the little bit of natural
history' touching the wily animal that advised all his friends to part
with their tails because he had been so unfortunate as to lose his own.
It would, doubtless, have been very kind in them thus to save his feel-
ings, but how disinterested it was in him, may be another question.
When they can furnish us a better system in place of one that they are
most anxious to get back to themselves, it will be time enough for Cali-
fornians to even entertain a thought of a change.
The time allowed compels me to hurry through with the answer to
ray first question. California, then, is the land of the olive and vine,
the fig and the mulberry, the orange and lemon, of fruits of every name
and kind, matchless in quality and beauty, and unlimited in quantity;
of flowers that clothe its hills and valleys with radiance, and fill its air
with fragrance almost the entire year; the home of all the cereals,
and most of all, that staff of the nations, wheat. Its valleys,
exhaustless for centuries; its foot-hills ready to fake their place when
our furmers shall have learned, as they will learn, that in durability,
reliability, variety of production, capacity for irrigation, beauty and
healthfulness, they are immeasurably superior to the plains; the home
of animal life, where the physical is developed to an elasticity and power
of endurance not elsewhere known, and wbere the progress and power
of mind finds the best exponent in the unparalleled results they have
produced. Here is a climate that requires no long preparation for its
extremes of heat and cold, but leaves all resources to be made available
in continuous production and development. The hazards that attend
the labor of farmers elsewhere are here unknown. No unexpected rain
comes dashing over and destroying the crop that has exhausted a sea-
son's labor; no tornado devastates large sections at one fell swoop; the
lightning is not attracted to our stacks or our barns, but their owner
sleeps it»])eace, though the mower and reaper may have swept over all
his acres the day before. And if — for if there was no drawback, we
should be spoiled by unchanging prosperity — the earth is occasionally,
in the passage of the years, a little excited beneath our feet, we can yet
fall back upon the daily strengthening lessons of experience, that it is
because all the powers of nature are here exercised on a grander scale
than elsewhere, and that the earthquake is to relieve, not to destroy.
The tornado or the lightning do more damage to everything save nerves,
in one year, east of the Rocky Mountains, than all that has been caused
by earthquakes in California since even its name has been known to the
world.
And now, with all these great advantages, and with an already
174 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
developed rate of progress that has no parallel, the whole mighty East
has stretched its arms across the continent, and linked itself to us by
iron bands. The locomotive, the mightiest civilizer the world ever
saw, has ploughed its way hither and asserted its imperial rights, that the
strictest constructionists do not question, and against which even free-
men do not rebel. Only the man that shall have grown as the next ten
years will make him grow, can describe the results that are to follow.
You are not large enough to hear them, or I to speak them, here and
now; you are not ready for the pajans that should and will be sung to
the brave, bold heads and hearts that have done the mighty work. It
is Napoleonic in its reach and grasp — it is world lifting in its results.
This is the California that is our home. Are we equal to it ? A new
era is about to dawn upon us; an era of bolder conception and wider
grasp than anything avo have known before. The world is levelling up.
Great men are only those who tower above their fellows, and it is at
once a paradox and a fact, that where all are great none are, A com-
merce such as the world has never know invites us to develop it. Five
hundred millions of Orientals, with the accumulated wealth of centuries,
are looking us in the face across the Pacific, ready to let us teach them
wants and supply them also. And that glorious old ocean, that rolls in
placid majesty at our feet, is itself the type of the future in which this
new nation is to finish and perfect the empire, that has ever kept its
westward way through all the ages. Its star stopped and rested when
it reached the Pacific. The largest, the safest, the most variegated, the
most beautiful — well might the world's progress bo checked and rolled
back as it reached thesQ shores.
This occasion furnishes the opportunity to all the woi-ld to see Cali-
fornia as she is. She needs and asks nothing more. Her varied and
matchless climate, her exhaustless resources, her grand possibilities, her
ambitious and energetic people, all speak for themselves, and they must
he both blind and deaf who do not see the signs and hear the tones that
precede and announce the coming glory.
It is for us to be ready. The one great drawback to the growth of
California to-day is that her children were not born h^re. The}' learned
their ideas and formed their habits in other and narrower regions, where
the winter's cold pinched and the summer's sun wilted them — where
thought ran in grooves of traditional or sectional prejudices, and where
the shadow of old institutions, reflected across the Atlantic, kept up the
delusion that men can be great by birth, by accident, or by association,
rather than by that only mode — the greatness in their own souls. Hence,
California is to them a novelty and a wonder, and they do not become
so accustomed to the marvels that they daily see as to quite oveix-ome
the doubt that earlier and different associations suggest. When she shall
have blood relations in all her children the world will be tau^it to see
her and know her as she is. This is " California's opportunity" to extend
the knowledge of her great resources and prosperity, and to demonstrate
that they rest upon so firm a basis that they are not to be impaired or
diminished in the future. Let us make the most of it.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 175
EEMARKS OF EGBERT HOSEA.
At the conclusion of Mr. Tompkins' address, and after music b}' the
band, C. F. Eeed introduced Robert Hosea, of Cincinnati, who spolie as
follows :
Ladies and Gentlemen of Sacramento : I am requested, as Chairman
of the delegation of merchants and citizens of Cincinnati, to say a few
•words to-night. I am grateful for the opportunities which have been
afforddd us. First, the auspicious occasion upon which we arrived in
your State — the anniversary of the organization of your State — and the
opportunity of hearing the eloquent address which we have heard from
the orator of the evening. We have learned more of the statistics of
your State than we could certainly have learned in any other way. We
have no purpose to subserve in coming among you — I mean to say no
business purpose. We have come upon a social, friendly visit. We come
to look at the grand things that you have here in California; to take
you by the hand and to congratulate you upon the successful completion
of the great Pacific and Atlantic railroad, uniting the two oceans
together, and the country, we trust, with hooks of steel. The produc-
tions of your country are on so extensive a scale that I, for one, had
almost expected to find the ladies and gentlemen not of ordinary stature,
but rather, as the Scriptures say, as ti^ees walking. Ladies and gentle-
men, I take this occasion to thank you on behalf of myself and colleagues
for your courteous attention, and hope that we may meet again in our
own goodly city, when we can extend to you like hospitality there.
176
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FIlSrANCI^L REPORT
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
EIGHTEEN HUNDEED AND SIXTY-NINE.
Feb. 20....
March 20.
March 29.
June 16....
July 12...,
August 6.
August 23
Sept. 6....
(1
a
a
(1
Sept. 7
((
((
(t
Sept. 8....
((
(1
Sept. 9
((
(I
Sept. 10..,
{(
(I
Sept. 11..
From Eobcrt Allen, per C. T. "Wheeler, rent of
Park
From I. N. Hoag, for memberships sold by him..
From J. Eunyon, for membership
From I. N. Hoag, rent of Park for July and
August, 18G8
From E. Allen, on account
From Robert Allen, rent of Park
From Eobert Allen, rent of Park
State appropriation
From Chase & Bowlcy, pool privilege
Eeceipls at Park, from Thomas Hall
Eeceipts at Pavilion, from J E. Smith
Entries to purses, from Eobert Beck ?
For memberships sold by Beck
For bar privilege at hall
Eeceipts at Park, from T. Hall
Eeceipts at Hall, from J. E. Smith
Entries to purses, from Beck
I-Cntries to sweepstakes .,..;
Eeceipts at Park, from T.Hall
Receipts at ILdl, from J. E. Smith
Entries to purses, from Beck
Eeceipts at Park, from T. Hall
Receipts at Hall, from J. E. Smith
Entries to ])urscs, from Beck
Eeceipts at Park, from T. Hall
Receipts at Hall, from J. E. Smith
Entries to purses, from Beck
Receipts jit Park, from T. Hall
Eeceipts at Hall, from J. E. Smith
From Cari-y, collected at Park
Entries to purses, from Beck
For soda privilege
§400 00
475
00
500
250
60
200
00
200
00
200
00
4,000
00
1,000
00
1,811
25
1,934
50
275
00
250
00
80
00
1,708
20
1,019 50
375
00
26
25
2,005
50
1,330
50
. 170
00
2,631
50
1,317
00
190
00
1,755
20
950
50
195
00
1,386
50
323
00
10
00
525
00
135 00
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
177
' Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 11 1 For cider privilege
" From Orphan Asylum, rent of room
Sept. 13.... From exhibitors, as per drayago and steamer
I freight bills
October 2.. 'From Iv. Allen, rent of Park
October 6.. From California Steam Navigation Company, on
] freight of engine
Nov. 29.... From R. Allen, rent of Park, as per bill, by
Warrant 148
" jRobert Allen, cash
" George Schmeizer, gas pipe
1869.
Feb. 20.
Total 828,497 85
DISBURSEMENTS.
March 22.
March 23.
March 29.
March 30.
April 13.
April 27.
April 30.
May 1...
May 17
June 12
July 2..
Julv 3..
July 10
July 14
July 28
Paid J. Pvunyon, for 1868
For envelops ,
Expressage on diplomas
George H. Baker, for diplomas, 1868
Post-oflBce bill of 1868
For trees, setting out and trimming same
Mr. Coleman, for Post-office stamps
H. Wachhorst's bill of 1868
J. X. Andrews, engraving bill, 1868
Geo. H. Baker, for diplomas, 1868
C. H. Krebs, bill of 1868
R. E. Draper, Directory of 1868
Robt. Beck's salary for February and March.
Daily Bee, bill of 1868
Mrs. K. Kinsey, premium, 1868
For express envelops..
T. J. McKim, for cleaning boiler
Wm. Fern, premium of 1868
Clark & Co., premium of 1868
Williams & Co., 1868
M. S. King, premium of 1868
R. J. Merkley, premium of 1868
Robert Beck, salary for April
A. Nachman's bill, '1868
R. E. Draper, Directory of 1869
Thomas Edwards, premium of 1868
Robt. Beck, salary for May
L. P. Marshall, for stall No. 348, returned
Robt. Beck, salary for June
A. Steiner, filling diplomas, 1868
Sacramento Gas Company
N. L. Drew & Co , making fence
$52 60
25 00
17 25
300 00
20 00
248 95
1 05
31 00
S2 00
1 50
50
32 40
13 00
50 28
7 80
82 50
42 80
22 50
2 55
2 50
300 00
38 25
00
00
10 00
22 00
8 00
56 83
12 00
25 00
150 00
3 35
2 50
15 00
150 00
7 50
150 00
9 00
2 40
40 00
23
178
TPANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what account.
Amount
8150 00
5
00
50
10
00
10
50
54
12
15
00
8
00
33
00
12
00
30
00
50
00
150
00
750
00
57
00
20
00
824
00
305 00
40
00
30
00
115
00
300 00
105
00
25 00
20
00
25
00
40 00
30
00
35
GO
40 00
20
00
15
00
40
00
20
00
70
00
50
00
20
00
20 00
70
00
40 00
30 00
20
00
30 00
10
00
30
00
10
00
20
00
15
00
August G..
August 12.
August 24
August 30
Sept.3
Sept. 4
((
Sept. 6
u
Sept. 10...
Sept. 11...
((
Sept. 15....
Sept. 15....
Robert Beck, salary for July
For express envelops
For tacks
For folding po.sters
Hiram Clock, for pasting posters
N. L. Drew & Co., lumber for fence
J. E. Miller, for stalls No. 402 and 403
M. K. Sanborn, carpenter, two days
T. Whalon, carpenter at Park
E. Moore, carpenter at Hall
B. Cavenaugh, ten days labor
J. H. Johnson, cleaning water closet
Robt. Beck, salary for August
M. W. Willis, for music
George Schmeizer, for wood
W. B. Gibson, premium of 1868 ,
Lyman Allen, for hay and straw
PREMIUMS ON STOCK AT PARK, AS FOLLOWS
Paid John Hall
L. P. Marshall
J. A. Douglas
Theodore Winters ,
S. B. Whipple
Alexander Ely
Robert Watt
G. C. McMuUen
E. M. Skaggs
I. N. C. Jasper
D. M. Downey.. •..
A. Music
G. McWain
S. Treat
L. Upson
C. B. Hoffman
C. P. Marsh
Thomas Edwards
A. T. Renwick
Daniel Flint ,
C. H. Shears .'
R. A. Branton
Moulthrope
G. Ellis
L. H. Fassett
J. M. Frey
J. A. Martin
H. Wilsey
A. C. Nordyke
G. W. Hamilton
W. B. Gibson
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
179
On what account.
Amount.
G. B. Stevens
John Potter
Patterson & Oversbire
W. II. Dawson
J. Judson
G. N. S\\Qzy
J. E. Rose :..
S. Daniels
A. W. Butler
Grey & Gelmore
Peter Burns
Moses Sprague
James Robin son
C. Green
Theodore Winters
C. Green
E. F. Aiken
Mrs. E. McConnell
H. A. Eawson
Nortbi'ope
Thomas McConnell
Purses at Park
PAID PREMIUMS AT HALL, AS FOLLOWS
E. C. Bickford
Mrs. M. Bigley
I. S. Bamber .
E. Parsons
T. Schaube
John R. Nickerson
J.S. Curtis
J. P. Goodnow
Pacific Business College
T. P. Clark
C. W. Hoit
John Cooper
A. S. Greenlaw
G. Cohn
S. K. Dodge
Mrs. J. P. Odbert
Miss Ellen Low
A. Ellison
A. Ellison
W. J. Robertson
I. N. Hoag
W. B. Ready ".
E. F. Aiken
W. M. Haynie
H. Van Every
N. Bush
S50
00
35
00
200
00
90
00
15
00
120
00
105
00
130
00
5 00
65
00
30
00
10
00
5
00
5 00
15
00
10
00
15
00
50
00
90
00
20
00
85
00
4,550
00
3
00
2
50
18
00
5
00
30
00
75 00
2
00
10
00
5
00
3
00
6 00
5
00
10
00
2
00
3
00
11
00
2
00
10
00
15
00
10
00
50
00
50
00
14
00
5
00
5
00
40 00
180
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what iicfount.
Amofint.
Sept. 15 J. S. Harbison
" A. B. Gilbert
" Laauser & Schaeffer ..
|E. S. Harris
H. Bernard
Mrs. F. B. Chapman..
G. E. Cogt^shall
Mrs. K. Kinscy
J. D. Koso
Mrs. W. W. Marvin...
J. A. Mason
Amoa Ad»ms
Mrs. W. A. Morebead.
Mrs. Sophia Schacflf'er.
Robert Williamson
Miss Lottie Hoffman.,
Mrs. W. E Brown
John Studarus
Mrs. C. K. Stevenson.
W. Fern
N. P. CoIe& Co
Mrs. A. C. Brown
C. G. Carpenter
J. Barrows
C. W. Reed
A. P. Smith
D. H. Woods
James Wise
Norton Bush
A. A. Hart
W. Shew
Dec. 20.,
Dec. 28..
Dec. 31..
Sept. 15
Mrs. S. M. Goffy-ins.
M.& A. Wilcox.
Mrs. C. R. Stevenson
Mrs. C. E. Atkinson
Edward Mnller
Capital Woollen Mills
G. L. McDanicl
Mrs. J). Kendall
Miss Mary Alvord, premium
Mrs. E. F. Aiken, premium
Mrs. Mui'j)hy, ])remium
R. B. Gray, <^old medals
Paid D. Woods, cai-peuter
W. Mc3'er.s, labor
Isaac Bradwell, stairkeeper
George (Jilpatrick, labor
John Nickei'son, allowance
M. W. Ilodkins, doorkcepei-
William Miner, clerk at Park
N. T. Carpenter, watchman at Hall
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
181
Date.
On what account.
Amount.
Sept. 15.
Sept. 16.
W. H. Ashton, entry clerk at Hall
F. E. Patlon, entrj- clerk at Hall
G. W. Leitch, police watchman
J. Campbell, for use of chairs
W. H. Rattenberry, Assistant Sup't at Hall
D. Gillis, Marshal at Park
T. Golden, police
W. J. Robertson, Marshal
George Gordonier, watchman
George Whitlock, decorator
J. Carraghan, police
J. E. Smith, ticket clerk at Hall
S. A. Deuel, ticket clerk at Hall
A. S. Woods, ticket clerk at Hall
Y. W. Gunn, labor, lumber, etc
A. S. Woods, clerk in Secretary's office
W. Anderson, entry clerk at Park
J. C. Devine, cleaning statue
H Clock, labor
Burnett, expressage
F. Johnson, stairkeeper and watchman
J.L.Johnson, entrj' clerk at Park
T. J. McKim, engineer
,C. F. Reed, for wreaths for Xorfolk and Lodi, 'GJ
|C. F. Reed, hacks for guests
W. M. Tolls, stairkeeper
jH. Seaman, carpenter
H. J. Johnson, labor
:T. J. Ramonet, labor
jT. J. Hall, stairkeeper
JMrs. M. E. Jackson, chambermaid
William Mace, doorkeeper at Hall
Thomas B3-rne, laborer
Pat Lynch, laborer
P. Clark, groceries
W. V. Frazier, gathering flags
W. V. Frazier, draj'age from Park
W. Y. Frazier, drayage on chairs to Hall
W. V. Frazier, drayage on chairs to Hall
Negro at Park, omnibus hire
Thomas Hall, for two money boxes
Locksmith, fixing ke^'S
Frank McGee, labor
J. Galloway, labor
John Howard, watchman
P. Kerns, labor
A. H. Norton, stairkeeper
A. H. Morton, carpenter ,
M. S. Hurd, gatekeeper
E. Parsons, amount overpaid on cider privilege...
Mike Haler, labor
850 00
36 00
28 00
3 00
60 00
30 00
6 00
30 00
5 50
55 00
4 50
30 00
18 00
18 00
23 97
60 00
15 00
4 GO
79 00
2 00
22 00
30 00
137 00
30 00
10 00
21 00
37 00
18 68
37 50
24 00
15 00
24 00
52 50
50
52
3 13
50
00
25
50
3 50
75
19 50
15 00
12 00
21 00
17 25
24 00
30 00
7 60
33 00
182
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what account.
Sept. 16.
Sept. 17.
Sept. 18.
Sept. 22.
J. C. Allen, labor
Thomas Hall, ticket clerk at Park
O. W. Wallace, labor
William Crump, watchman
Robert Beck, expenditures
Samuel Deal, gatekeeper
A. C. Bidwell, gatekeeper
F. Wing, doorkeeper
Joseph Taylor, gatekeeper
E. Parsons, premium of 1868
A. B. Gilbert, premium of 1868
Joseph Neumann, premium of 1868
Mrs. Reed, premium of 1868
N. G. Curtis, balance of account
State Capital Reporter, printing
F. S. Lardner, Superintendent Lower Hall
Sacramento Dail}' Record, printing
L. A. Spurgeon, hack hire .♦..
T. Lynch, labor
Geo. vSchmeizer, machinist
B. R. Sweetland, chemicals
R. L. Robertson, labor
John Nickerson, police
David Bush, gas fixing
T. D. Scriver, horse hire
W. P. Michener, canvas
B. G. JefiPeries, printing
S. F. Hyde, exit gatekeeper
Spirit of the Times, printing
H. S. Beals, stair keeper
H. Holmes, police a
J. W. Avery, lumber bill
E. Mills, expenditures
Sacramento Daily Union, printing
Alta California, printing
Morning Chronicle, printing
Kent & Co., bill posting in San Francisco
San E'raucisco Evening Bulletin, printing
Stockton Independent, printing
Marysville Appeal, printing
Oakland Dailj' Transcript, printing
Carson City bill poster ,
F. M. Chapman, horse hire
Edwards & Co., stationery
John Shellers, police
C Huelsman, blacksmith
J. Slaughter, cleaning windows, whitewashing, etc
For AVells, Fargo & Co. 'a envelops
N. Henley, building engine bed
People's Insurance Company, insuring
John Isaacs, police
Amount.
§18 00
30 50
3 00
36 00
39 45
30 00
30 00
22 50
30 00
2 00
2 00
70 00
10 00
3,468 11
91 50
40 00
34 75
32 50
18 00
137 50
13 75
25 35
33 00
231 50
25 00
56 10
496 00
18 00
6U 00
16 00
12 00
69 41
15 00
168 75
27 00
25 00
10 00
27 00
27 00
15 00
21 00
6 00
25 00
48 75
18 00
27 50
87 85
5 00
136 00
102 50
30 00
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
183
Date.
On what account.
Amonnt.
Sept. 22.
Sept. 25.
Sept. 24.
Sept. 25.
Sept. 27.
Oct. 1...
u
((
C(
Oct. 2...
Oct. 2..
u
Oct. 5..
Oct. 8..
li
((
Oct. 9..
u
Oct. 12.
Oct. 13
Oct. 29
Nov. 2..
((
((
Nov. 29
a
Dec. ].,
Dec. 8..
G. T. Glover, ticket clerk, Park
N. J. Burton, ticket clerk, Park
A. Nesal, mending flag
Mrs. Blackleach, making badges
Dray age on scales from Park
R. B. Lindsay, police
Sacramento Gas Company, gas and lighting same.
Z. I.'Wilson, hauling dirt
B. F. Cummings, making purses
W. F. Eaton, carpenter
B. Denner^ use of crockery
Toll & Ganong, buggy hire
D. Collins, drayage and steamer freight
Whittier, Fuller & Co., putting in glass
Dale & Co., fancy goods
Powers & Co., water cask
Benjamin BuUard, Jr., Assistant Secretary
John Bruner, chairs
Post-office bill, from April 1st to October 1st
J. F. Harrison, brooms
F. J. Moore, nails and spikes
Huntington & Hopkins' bill
Hamburgher & Co.'s bill
W. Sharpe's bill
H. Clock, labor
Robert MiHer, watering streets
E. Dole, police
W. Fern, allowance
G. T. Glover, clerk
Robert Beck, salary for September
G. H. Baker
W. F. Frazier, lumber
A. Menke, two baskets
Express charges on diploma
[G. C. Hall's bill
iC. S. Lowell, for stall 401
'D- Schaffer, setting shafting
Summit Ice Company, ice
N. L. Drew & Co., lumber
H. S. Crocker & Co.'s bill
Charles F. Reed, President, expenditures
R. S. Carey, expenditures
D. G. Webber, hauling dirt on G street
Howland, Angell (t Co., steam engine
Robert Beck, salary for October
R. B. Grey's bill
Express charges
Robert Allen's bill
'•Jersey," for posting bills
Robert Beck, salary for November
A. Steiner, filling diplomas
§18 00
24 00
2 50
15 50
4 1 00
18 00
225 00
5 00
5 00
6 00
29 50
54 00
84 50
21 25
17 00
5 00
148 00
18 00
8 00
8 50
16 75
49 45
36 20
5 50
16 50.
50 00
18 00
20 00
6 00
150 00
50 00
2 16
2 00
75
16 67
7 50
42 50
12 63
365 83
90 00
1,000 00
370 00
48 20
700 00
150 00
64 00
75
248 95
5 00
150 00
40 50
84
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Date.
On what acconnt.
Amount.
Dec. 8.
Dec. 11.
Dec.
'le
Dec.
20
Dec.
27
Dec.
29
Dec.
31
Dec.
20
I. N. Hoag, on account, for writing up report for
1868 and 1869
Locke & Lavenson's bill
Samuel Jelly's bill
S. Lipman'8 bill
Locke &. Lavenson's bill
Post-office bill
Jobn N. Andrews' bill :
Charles W. Palmer's bill
Safe :,
Expenditures .^ ^
Ben. Bullard's bill for 1868
S. Carlisle
Edwards & Co., stationery
Gillig, Mott & Co., stove
James Anthon}^ & Co., advertising
F. E. Ivlotz, wood
Sawing wood '.
Robert Beck, salary for December
J. B. Collins, trimming trees
Apj)ropriations for bills and premiums uncalled
for
To repair of stalls
Planting and boxing trees
Repair of stand
Show cases and wine screens '.
Balance on band
Total disbursements.
S300 00
28 40
162 00
1 75
10 75
4 00
20 40
15 00
150 00
58 25
51 00
25 00
25
25
5
19
9 00
10 50
1 75
150 00
18 00
578 00
1.900 00
100 00
250 00
100 00
171 78
§28,497 85
EOBT. BECK, Secretary.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 185
TRIALS OF SPEED IN 1869.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6tii.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race — Mile heats; three in five; free for all horses that have
never beaten two thirty-five; purse — three hundred dollars.
Entries.
H. S. Spencer enters b. s. F. F. Low.
J. L. Eoff enters b. m. Lady Doolj-.
C. AY. Moulthrop enters b. s. Plumas.
C. H. Shear enters b. m. Alicia Mandeville.
, Result.
Lady Dooly 2 111
F. F. Low 12 2 3
Plumas 4 4 3 2
Alicia Mandeville 3 3 dis.
r^me— 2:38 3-5; 2:38 3-5; 2:39; 2:40 2-5.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Mile heats; three in five; free for all four year olds;
purse — three hundred dollars.
Entries.
Pat. Farrell enters s. g. Westfield. *
H. S. Spencer enters s. f. Breeze.
J. L. Eoff enters b. s. Ajax.
H. W. Seals enters b f. Black Swan.
T. McClellan enters g. f. Sally Shaw.
Result.
Ajax , , Ill
Westfield 2 2 3
Breeze 3 3 2
Black Swan drawn.
Tme— 2:50; 2:46; 2:46.
24
186 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile heats; free for all three year olds; purse — three
hundred dollars.
Entries.
Thos. Atchison enters b. s. Idaho.
K. T. O'Hanton enters eh. s. Al. Bascom^
N. Coombs enters ch. s. Tophot.
George Treat enters eh. f. Maggie Dale.
A. Music enters s. s. Johnny Moore.
Result.
Tophet •. 2 11
Maggie Dale 12 2
Idaho 3 4-
Al. Bascom 4 3-
Johnny Moore dis.
Time—l-.m-, l:i9; 1:51 1-5.
SECOND TRIAL.
Running Race. — Mile heats; fr^e for all; purse — three hundred and
fifty dollars.
Entries.
N. Coombs enters c. g. May-be-so.
C. S. Williams enters b. s. Compromise.
J. S. Devine enters b. s. Kirby Smith.
Result.
Kirby Smith 1 1
May-be-so 2 2
Compromise drawn.
Time—V.AQ 3-5; 1:50 4-5.
THIRD TRIAL.
Pacing Race. — Mile heats; three in five; free for all; purse — three hun-
dred dollars.
Entries.
Pat. Farrell enters s. g. Longfellow.
C. II. Shear enters gr. m. Empress.
D. Denison enters b. g. Mike O'Brien.
B. Eice enters br. g. Darkness.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 187
Ees^ilt.
Longfellow 12 11
Darkness 2 12 2
Mike O'Brien 3 3 3 3
Empress 4 4 dis.
Tmie—2-M 2-5; 2:31 3-5; 2:31 2-5; 2:29.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBEE 8th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Free for all ; May Queen to wagon ; mile heats ; three
in five; purse — four hundred dollars.
Ent7'ies.
B. Eice enters b. m. May Queen.
J. L. Eoif enters b. s. Paddy Magee.
S. E. Whitehead enters b. g. Eegulator.
Result.
May Queen 12 12 1
Eegulator 3 12 12
Paddy Magee 2 3 3 dis.
Time— 2:32 4-5; 2:35 3-5; 2:34; 2:37; 2:38 3-5.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race — Mile heats ; three in five ; free for all horses that have
never beaten two-forty; purse — two hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
H. S. Spencer enters b. s. Alexander.
D. Denison enters b. s. Friday McCracken.
H. W. Seals enters a. m. Bracelet.
Result.
Alexander ; 12 11
Friday McCracken 2 12 2
Bracelet dis.
Time— 2:3^; 2:43; 2:41 1-5; 2:46.
188 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
THUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Running Race. — Two mile heats ; free for all ; purse — four hundred
dollars.
Entries.
Thomas Atchison enters b. s. Bloomsbury.
C. S. Williams enlers b. s. Compromise.
George Treat enters s. s. Thad. Stevens.*
Result.
Thad. Stevens 2 gal. over.
Compromise 1 drawn.
Bloomsbury distanced.
rme— 3:45.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Mile heats; free for all three year olds; purse — two
hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
H. W. Seals enters s. c. Onward.
C. H. Sisson entei-s s. f. Stockton Maid.
J. Sessions enters g. f. California Maid.
Result.
California Maid 1 1
Stockton Maid 2 2
Onward 3 3
r/me— 2:59 1-5; 2:50 3-5.
THIRD TRIAL.
Trotting Race — Three in five; jDurse — one hundred dollars. No entries.
Result.
Calhoun 3 112 1
Plumas 2 3 2 12
Ance 1 2 dis.
Tme— 2:45 1-5; 2:43 3-5; 2:40 2-5; 2:40 3-5; 2:43 4-5.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 189
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Two mile heats; free for all; May Queeu to wagon;
purse — four hundred dollars.
Entries.
S. E. Whitehead enters b. g. Regulator.
J. L. Eoff enters b. m. Lady Dooly.
B. Rice enters dun g. Pride of the Bay.
Result.
Lady Dooly 1 1
Pride of the Bay 3 2
Regulator 2 dr.
Tmie— 5:33 3-5; 5:26.
SECOND TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Mile heats ; three in five; free for all five year olds ;
purse — two hundred and fifty dollars.
Entries.
II. S. Spencer enters b. s. Alexander.
C W. Moulthrop enters g. m. xMarysville Queen.
H. S. Spencer enters dk. b. s. F. F. Low.
Result.
Marysville Queen 112 1
Alexander 2 2 12
F. F. Low drawn.
Time—2A-1 2-5; 2:40; 2:42 3-5; 2:45.
190 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11th.
FIRST TRIAL.
Trotting Race. — Five miles out; free for all; purse — four hundred dol-
lars.
Entries.
Gr. N. Ferguson enters s. m. Kate.
B. flice enters b. m. Lady Lancaster.
S. B. Whitehead enters br. g. Democrat.
C. Green enters s. s. Bob Burns.
J. L. Eoff enters b. m. Lady Dooly.
D. Denison enters b. m. Mountain Maid.
Col. Dickey enters b. s. Hiram Woodruff.
Result.
Democrat 1
Lady Lancaster .* 2
Bob Barns 3
Kate , 4
Mountain Maid 5
Lady Dooly 6
Hiram Woodruff dr
Time—IZM 2-5.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
191
PREMIUMS AWARDED IN 1869..
FIRST DEPARTMENT.
THOROUHBRED HORSES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Premium.
John Hall
L. P. Marshall. ..
J. A. Douglass
John Hall
John Hall
John Hall
Theodore Winters
John Hall
John Hall
Theodore Winters
Stallions.
Best stallion, four years old and
orer
Best stallion, three years old i
Best stallion, two years old '
Best stallion, one year old
Best colt, under one year
J fares.
Best mare, four years old andi
over, with colt ;
Best mare, four years old and over!
Best mare, two years old '
Best mare, one year old... '
Best mare colt, under one vear old
I Wooiroum .
iMedoc
'Pelham ....
Ironclad....
No name...
..S50
..$40
..$30
..S20
..§15
Peggy Ringold.
Transita
Alice May
Jannette
Unknown
..$50
..$40
..$25
..$20
,$15
FAMILIES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
John Hall 'Best thoroughbred sire, with not
less than ten of his colts, all'
thoroughbred I Woodburn.
John Hall Best thoroughbred dam, with not
less than four of her colts, all
' thoroughbred
S. B. Whipple Best stallion, other than thorough-
I bred, with not less than ten of
! his colts Hambletonian.
Alexander Ely Best dam, other than thorough-l
bred, with not less than three ofl
her colts IFanny.
,.$75
.$50
.$75
,.$40
192
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
HORSES OF ALL WORK.
Name of owner.
AnimaL
Name of animal.
Premium.
J. M. C. JalJ)er
D. 31. DowneT..
A. Masick_
G. M. Me Wain.
S. Treat
L. Upson
Indicator
Solano Chief.,
Mark Moore..
Slallions.
Best stallion, four years old or
i over
JBest stallion, three years old
Best stallion, one year old
I Hares.
Best mare, four years old or orer,
with colt I Julia Ann
Best mare, three years old iDa^h
Best mare, two years old I Queen
..$40
,.$30
..$15
,.$40
..$20
,.$15
GRADED HORSES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
I Name of animal.
Premium.
C. B. Hoffman
C. P. Marsh
Thomas EJwarJs.
Thomas Edwards,
Alexander Ely
S. B. Whipple
A. Mnsick
Alexander Ely
Alexander Ely
St*tlnoiis.
Best stallion, four years old andi
over [Lexington
Best stallion, two years old Hidi
Best stallion, one year old 'Phil. Sheridan.
Best colt, under one year, without
reference to sex
J/ure*.
Best mare, four years old or over,
with colt
Best mare, fuur years old
Best mare, three years old
Best mare, two years old
Best mare, one year old
Jane.
,.$40
,.820
..$15
,.$15
Norah
Star Queen...
Polly Moore.
Flora
Henrietta
..$40
,.$30
,.$20
,.$15
,.$10
DRAFT HORSES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Premium.
H. Wilsey
Jamee Northrop...
A. T. Nordyke ,
Robert A. Branton
G. W. Hamilton....
W. B. Gibson
Stanione.
Best stallion, four years old or
over
Best stallion, two years old
Best stallion, one year old
Mare*.
Best mare, four years old or over.
with colt
Best mare, three years old
Best mare
Young Rawley...
Wallace
Young John Bull
Nancy
Queen of the West
Clydesdale
,.$30
,.$20
..$10
..$30
..$20
..$15
STATE AGBICULTTJRAL SOCIETY.
193
ROADSTERS.
Name of owner.
Animal.
I Name of animal.
Premiam.
C. TV. Monlthrop
George Ellis
L. H. Ba^^ttt
Dr. J. M. Frey ..
S. B. Whipple....
A. T. Ren wick...
S.-B. Whipple....
Sijmal.
Stallions.
Best stallion, fonr years old or
over ,
Best stallion, three years old 'Excelsior
Best stallion, two years old 'Joseph Nelson.
Best gelding, four years old or'
over Big Ben
yjares.
Best mare, fonr years old or over.. Sally Shaw
Best mare, three years old Mary Patten....
Best mare, two years old ilinnie
.-^40
.-$30
.-§20
.-§30
.-§30
.-^0
._tl5
CARRIAGE HORSES.
Name of owner.
L,
Name of animal. Prenii:izi.
E. M. Skag-s.
J. C Morrison.
Best matebed span of carriage I
I horses, owned and ased as snch I
I by one person Lady Washing-!
i I ton and Ladv
I I BeU .".
;For matched span of carriage| [
horses owned and used by one
-125
person as such....
..Special — §20 or silver
I ffi'>Met.
ROADSTER TEAMS.
Name of owner.
AnimaL
Name of animal.
Pre mi am.
Robert Watr,
Best doable team roadsters, owned
and used as such by one person Fannie Wilkins
and Kate Dan-
iels
G. C. McMuUcn iFor doable team roadsters, owned
and used as such by one person Red Back and
Solano Jo
-§25
Special— Goblet or §20
Mrs. Ware .For doable team roadsters, owned
and ased as such by one person Pilot and Honest;
i John Goblet or S2i)
SADDLE HORSES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of aniaial.j
Pre mi am.
J. A. Martin
Best
saddle horse
Pilgrim ....
$1'"'
1
25
194
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
COLTS.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
A. T. Renwiek
Daniel Flint....
C. H. Shear
R. C. Branton.
S. B. Whipple .
Best yearling horse colt
Best suckling horse cult
Best yearling mare colt
Best suckling mare colt
E.\hibit of six colts, owned by one
per.son, of any age or sex
E. M. Skaggs..
Edwin Forrest.
Agatha States..
Nancy
Heads Up, Pat
Gallager, Billy,
Minnie, Hector,
Fly by Night.
,.S30
,.$20
..$20
..$15
,.$50
SWEEPSTAKES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of anim:il.
Premium.
S. B.Whipple
Theodore Winters.
S. B. Whipple.,
Best stallion of any age.
Best mare of any age
Best team four-in-hand.,
Hambletonian.
Transita
.$100
...$75
.Special— Goblet or $20
JACKS.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
G. D. Stevens
Best jack
Buena Vista
$50
T. Edwards
$40
•
MULES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal. Premium.
John Potter..
John Potter..
Best mule, two years old.
Best mule, one year old...
Jack Potter..
Liilie Potter.
,.$20
,.$15
AYRSHIRE CATTLE.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
BulU.
S. Daniels Best four year old or over.
Cows.
S. Daniels iBest four year old or over.,
Sir Walter..
Ruth
..$40
.430
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
105
DURUAM CATTLE.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
W. n. Dawson
Patterson & Over-
shire
John Judson.
G. N. Swezy..
Bulh.
Best four years old and over.
Lolo Rooth.,
Kate Dunn..
Best three years old Turk of Oak
I Home
Best one year old Prince Radmon.
Best bull calf Duke First of
Yuba .
Cores.
G. N. Swezy jBest four years old or over.
Patterson & Over-
shire Best three years old ,
G. N. Swezy Best two years old
Patterson & Over-
shire Best one year old jTuIip Sixth.
Patterson & Over- j
shire Best heifer calf. Rosa Bell...
Flora Fourth .
Beauty
,.$40
..$25
.815
..$10
..$30
..$25
..$20
..815
..$10
DEVON CATTLE.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
S. Daniels..
J. R. Rose.
J. R. Rose.
S. Daniels..
J. R. Rose.
Bulls.
J. R. Rose Best four year old or over ,
S. Daniels jBest one year old
J. R. Rose Best bull calf.
Coics.
Best four year old or over .
Best three year old
Best two year old
Best one year old
Best heifer calf
Bloomfield
Victor
Young Sonoma..
Fashion
Beauty
Emanuel Second.
Fairy Second
Lady Grant......
..$40
..$15
..$10
..830
..$25
..S20
,.$15
,.$10
GRADED CATTLE.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
I Bulls.
R. A. Branton 'Best four year old or over..
G. N. Swezv Best three year old
G. N. Swezy Best bull calf
I Cotes.
G. N. Swezy Best four year old or over.,
Patterson & Over-I
shire [Best three year old
G. N. Swezy ^Best two year old
G N. Swezy Best one year old
G. W. Butler Best heifer calf.
Grant
Harry Clay.
Alexander....
Queen.,
May Bird ,
Dolly
Amelia
Mary
..$25
..$20
...$5
..$20
,.$15
..$10
...$5
,..$5
196
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
SWEEPSTAKES.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal,
Premium.
^y. 11. Dawson
Patterson & Over-
shire
Best bull, of any age or stock Lolo Rooth..
Best cow, of any age or stock Rosclle
.$50
,.$40
FAT SHEEP.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal. Premium
Patterson & Over-
shire
Best three, two years old or over.
,.$10
SPANISH MERINO.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Ellen McConnell —
Thomas McConnell.
Thomas McConnell.
Thomas McConnell.
Thomas McConnell.
Best ram, two j'ears old or over...
Best three ram lambs
Best three ewes, two years old or
over
Best three ewes, under two years
old
Best five ewe lambs
Young Mack.
,.$20
..$15
,.$15
,.$15
,.$15
FRENCH MERINO.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Patterson & Over-
shire
Best ram, two year old and over.
Best ram, under two years old
,.$20
COTSWOLD SHEEP.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Patterson & Over-
shire
II. A. Rawson
H. A. Rawson
Best ram, two years old or over...
Best ram, under two years old
Best three ewes, under two years.
For two pure Cotswold sheep, one
three years old and one one|
year old I
Prince Alpha
Young Prince
Ontario
,.$20
,.$15
.Honorable mention.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
197
LEICESTERSHIRE.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal. Premium
Patterson & Over- 1
shire iBest ram, two years old or over... Prince of Wales.
,.$20
GRADED OR CROSSED WITH SPANISH MERINO.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Mrs. E. McGonnell
F. Graham
F. Graham
F. Graham
F. Graham
Best ram, under two years old
Best three ram lambs
Best three ewes, two years or over
Best three ewes, under two years-
Best five ewe lambs
Liberty
,.$10
,.S15
..$10
,.$10
..$10
GRADED WITH COTSWOLD.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal,
Premium.
H. A. Rawson
H. A. Rawson
H. A. Rawson
11. A. Rawson
Best ram, two years old or over...
Best ram, under two years old
Best three ram lambs
Best three ewes, two years or over
,.$15
,.$10
,.$15
,.S10
SWEEPSTAKES ON SHEEP.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
H. A. Rawson.
Mrs. E. MeConnell..
Thomas MeConnell..
Best buck, of any age or sex.
Best ewe, of any age or sex
Best pen of five ewes, of any age
or breed
Young Prince ofj
Ontario
,.$25
,.$20
,.$25
CASHMERE GOATS.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Gray & Gilmore
Gray & Gilmore.
Gray & Gilmore.
Best thoroughbred buck
Best thoroughbred she goat....
Best thoroughbred three kids .
El Dorado.
Cleopatra..
,.$20
,.$I5
,.$15
198
TRANSACTIONS OF TUE
GRADED.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Gray & Gilmore
Best lot of three
Snowdrop, Ruth
and Blanch....
$15
SWINE— LARGE BREEDS.
Which, when fat, will loeigh, at mature age, three hundred jwxtnch.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Peter Burns
M. Sprague
James Robinson .
E. F. Aiken....
Charles Green.
Best boar two years old and over
Best boar, under two years old....
Best boar six months and under
one year
Best breeding sow, two years old
or over
Best breeding sow, one year old...
E.F.Aiken jBest sow, six months and less
I than one year
A.P.Smith
Dick.
Dick.
Brighton Bo3^
Dolly
Best lot of not less than six pigs,
not less than five nor more than
ten months old
,.S15
,.S10
.S5
..?10
..SIO
...So
,.S15
POULTRY.
Name of owner.
Animal.
Name of animal.
Premium.
Charles Green.
Peter Burns Best lot of white or gray dorkins
Peter Burns Best lot of five toed dorkins (dis
tinct variety)
Best lot game chickens (Norfolks)
Peter Burns iBest lot English magpie ducks,
with top-knots
.$5
.$5
.!^5
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
199
SECOND DEPARTMENT.
MACHINERY, AGRICULTURAL MACHINES, VEHICLES, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
J. F. Harris
W. B. Ready
M. and A. Wilcox..,
S. E. Hollistcr
J. L. Bartlett
E. C. Bickford
R. Knott
a.W. Harris
Baker <t Hamilton .
A. Spinks
E. G. Bingham ,
A. AVilliams
William Jones ,
P. G. Wilhite ,
P. G. Wilhite
T.C. Walters
E. G. Clark
P. Murphy
P. Murphy
P. Murphy
W. C. Mckenzie ....
Servius Tonnar
Servius Tonnar
T. P. Clark
J. D. Rose
Mathew Cook -
W. B. Ready
W. B. Ready
A. Ellison
J. D. Arthur & Son
Baker & Hamilton .
W. B. Ready ,
A. Ellison
Baker & Hamilton .
Mr. — Locher
Hutehin=on &, Che
ney
Treadwell & Co
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Stockton
San Francisco.
Suisun
Maine Prairie.
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Suisun
Oakland
Yolo County...
Missouri
Missouri...
San Francisco.
Marysville
Brighton
Brighton
Brighton
San Francisco.
Sao Jose
San Jose
San Francisco.
Truckee
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento
Marysville
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Marysville
Sacramento....
Oroville
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
.Special mention
$10
...Special — Diploma.
Diploma.
$5
Honorable mention.
Diploma.
Best display of brooms
Best two-horse cultivator
Best apparatus for raising water
Washing machine
Keep's globe pump
Best farm and picket gate
Best horse-power fastener
Be.^t gang plough
Best display of agricultural ma-
chinery
Best corn sheller (imported)
Best pruning shears
Best imported rotary harrow
Best fruit cooker
Best model of flour bolt
Best model of heater for collecting
sediment in water before using in
steam boilers
Best fastener for buggy shafts
Best grape crusher and stem sepa-
rator
Best imported reaper and mower
combined
Best broadcast seed sower and cov-
erer
Best double-hand corn planter
Best imported mechanical churn
or washer i Diploma,
Diploma.
Diploma.
Special — $5
Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
Diploma.
...Special — Diploma.
Honorable mention.
Diploma.
Diploma.
..^Diploma.
,.'!ft)iploma.
Best pruning saw.
Best grafting wax
Best washing machine
Improved sulky wheel
Best blasting wedge
Best three-gang plow
Best large breaking plough
Best two-gang plough
Second-best two-gang plough
Best imported cast steel plough
Best display California agricultural
implements
Best stubble plough
Best sweepstakes gang plough
Best model steam plough
....Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
$3
Special — S5
....Special — Diploma.
$20
$10
$15
... Special — Diploma.
$10
Best stock scales, "Victor."
Best seed sower, Cahoon's patent.
,.$25
..$10
.Diploma and $10
Diploma.
200
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
VEHICLES.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
H. Bei-nard
H. Bernard
H. Bernard
H. Bernard
H. Bernard
H. Bernard
W. J. Robertson
J. A. Mason
J. A. Mason
J. A. Masou
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Best two-horse family carriage
Best one-horse family carriage
Best top buggy
Best spring market wagon
Best street goods wagon
Best display wheels, hubs, etc
Best farm wagon for general pur-
poses
Doctor's phicton
Three-seat thoroughbrace wagon
Side-spring wagon
..$25
,.$20
..$15
,.S10
...S5
...$5
$10
$15
.Special — Diploma.
. Special — Diploma.
THIBD DEPARTMENT.
TEXTILE FABRICS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Samuel K Dodge....
Mrs. J. LTlIummcl..
Mrs. S. E. IloUister.
Mrs. Juliana Bayer.
Miss Lottie Hoffman
Miss Lottie IIcifTraan
Mrs. S. Scbacffer
Mrs.G.L. McDuniels
Mrs. Mary Almond..
Mrs. Saul
Miss M. E. Coats....
J. H.Warwick
Anna Smith
Mrs. G. C. Shipman.
Mrs. F. J. Gehring..
Mrs. W. W. Marvin.
Mrs. C. R. Stephen-
son
T. Rogers Johnson..
Miss Nellie Sprague
Mrs. F. M.Chapinan
Mrs. E. E. Haswell..
Mrs. H. Kuhl
Capital Woollen M'ls
Capital Woollen M'Ks
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
San Francisco
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
Lower Lake...,
Marysville
S.acramento...,
Folsora
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Marj'sville
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
S:in Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento.,..
Capital Woollen M'lsj Sacramento...,
Mr«. M. A. Joy 'Sacramento...,
J. J. Mcussdorffer ..Sacramento...,
G. L. McDaniels Marysville
E, Barnctt ;Marysvillc
Best display of gloves | $3
Embroidery and needlework I Framed diploma.
Shellwork and beds]iiead | Honorable mention.
Display of needlework Special — Diploma.
Best silk embroidered ottoman .j. S3
Best tatting collar * S3
Best embroidery picture $5
Needlework
Specimens needlework
Log cabin quilt
Worsted work
Silk goods
Needlework
Best mat ;
Crochet curtain
Best hand-mado bedspread
Afghan carriage robe
Enil)roidery, regalia and military
goods
Embroidery
For sofa cushion
Case of pillinery goods
Stamping, embroidery and crochet...
Best pair woollen lilankets...,,
Best ten yards flannel
Wrapping blankets and cashmeres
of various kinds
Rag rugs
Best exhibit of hats
Best display saddles and bridles and
sinch
Saddle trees
....Honorable mention.
$5
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
.Special — Na]ikin ring.
.Special — Napkin ring.
Napkin ring.
$2
Special — $10 and dijdu'a.
...Special — Silver medal.
...Special — Napkin ring.
Si.eci.al— $2
Premium.
Special — Diploma.
$5
$5
Special mention.
Honorable mention.
Diploma.
$5
Honorable mention.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
TEXTILE FABRICS— Continucil.
201
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
P. Kelly San Francisco.
J. AV. Todd
Miss Helen Low
Miss Nellie Spra'^uo.
Mrs. S. M. Bish.ip...
Thomas A. Garey....
Mrs. S. M. Bishop...
Mrs. Cronkite
M.L.Price
Mrs. 11. L. Jones
Mrs. J. Chrisman.
Mrs. J. E. Brian..
S. W. Raveley
I. S. Deihl.
Mrs. E. H. Stevens...
Mrs. Jane Ames
M. T. Barr
G. W. Cook
Mrs. J. C. Daley
Mrs. K. Kin.'icy
Mrs. M. Biglcy
J. F. Fugazi
Mrs. G. J. Gehriug..
Mrs. Wm. Moreliead
Mrs. Wm. Morehead
Mrs. Wm. Morehead
J. S. Curtis
Mrs. J. Bayer.,
>':ieraniento....
S;icramento....
."^acramcnto....
.San Francisco.
Los Angeles...
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Knight'sLand-
ing
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Yolo
^acramento.
Mrs. A. C. Brown... Sacramento.
Miss E. Coppin Sacramento.
Mrs. R. J. Mtrklcy. Sacramento.
D. F. Hall Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento .
Mrs. T. Flemming...
Mrs. T. Flemming...
Mrs. R. Dunavaut...
Mrs. C. H. Ross
Pupils of the Roman
Catholic Orphan
Asylum
Edwards & Co
W. A. Abcrnethy &
W. A. Harper
R. W. .Jackson
Nellie Weltv
Mrs. E. P. Figg
Mrs. L. EIku;-
Mrs. M. S. Reed
Miss G. B. Stevens..
Miss Emily Myers...
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento.
Sacramento .
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Vacavillc
Amador
Best display gents' and ladies' boots
and shoes
Gents' boots
Best laco collar
Hair wreath
For infants' caps
Specimens raw silk and cocoons..
Alillinery goods
Knitted stockings
Display of ladies' shoes
Best twelve-form model for fitting
dresses
Braided rag stair carpet
Bedquilt and table cloth
Double set of buggy harness
Specimens of cassimeres, wools and
manufactures
Perforated collar
Knit bedspread
Saddle trees
Needle mat
Specimens of hair work
Picture with shell frame
Shell work tower
Grecian gondola
Flower basket
Flowers made from fish scales... .
Best wax flowers
Shell frame, shell brackets and card
frame
Worsted work wreath and hair....
Needlework pictures, card case and
worsted work pictures
Wax flowers
Hair wreath
Feather wreath
Bouquet from cocoons
Hair and leather work picture
Moss work landscape and Grecian
landscape
Seed wreath and frame
Phantom bouquet
Needlework picture of Washington.
Display of fancy stationery
Ivy type frame
Pearl jewellery
Beadwork
Specimens beadwork
Artistic work in candle grease..
Best skirt supporters
Best collection floral waxwork.,
Hairwork wreath
Diploma.
.Honorable mention.
$2
.Special — Silver cup.
....Special — Diploma.
Special.
.Honurable mention.
Napkin ring.
.Honorable mention.
....Special — Diploma.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
Silver cup.
Special— S3
Special— $2 50
Premium.
....Honorable mention.
.Special — Butter knife.
82
.Special — Napkin ring.
Napkin ring.
Napkin ring.
Special — S3
Special.
Special.
...Special.
.Honorable mention.
• Honorable mention.
Special— S3
Silver cup.
Special-
-Framcd diplo'a.
, Premium.
S]iecial — Diploma.
Framed diploma.
Napkin ring.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
....Honorable mention.
• Special — Napkin ring.
Special — Diploma.
26
202
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
FOURTH DEPARTMENT.
MECHANICAL PllODUCTS, ETC.
Exhibitor.
ResiJeucc.
Article.
Premium.
BrittaiD, Holbrook &
Co
Huntington & Hop-
kins
J. Carolan & Co
J. Carolan & Co
Long & Burden
D. Bush
R. C. Terry
Gillig, Mott & Co....
H. Van Every
Pacific Plate V>'orks.
Lake & Co
Dr. Folleau
N.Clark
S. Pillsberry
Withington & Bag-
ley
Parish Soap Co. (A.
J. Kane, Agent)...
Justin Gates & Bro.
Laauser & Sehaeffer.
Laauser & Sc-baefi'er.
Lausser & Scbaelfer.
W. T. Garratt
J. Gates & Bro
H. C. Kirk
J. F. Fugazi
J. A. Conboie
John Bensley
Lauf'kotter & Haig..
El Dorado Polish Co.
Hucks & Lambert...
H. Gage
E. S. Holden
J. Donnelly
G. E. Ball
Sacramento.
Sacramento....
Sacramento...,
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento..
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
S.aeramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento.,..
Sacramento.,.,
San Friincisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Stockton
Stockton
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Best displ.ay of copper work ; best
cooking stove for wood and coal ;
Best home manufactured trays;
best displiiy glass, wood, tin, etc..
general display of hardw.are...
display of locks, door trim-
ngs, etc
display of sportsman's goods...
disiilay plumbers' goods
cbaudelicrs and burners
French cooking range
display tin ware
parlor stoves
display of plated ware
display of boot aild shoe black-
Best
Best
mi
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
ino
Best display of trusses and ortho-
picdic instruments and artificial
limbs .
Best display of stone ware, fire
brick, etc
Display of washing fluids and liquid
laundry blue, and Parepa Rosa
toilet companion
...Special — Silver medal.
Premium.
Best common soap and washing
powder
Best condensed soap
Display of fancy soaps, chemicals,
etc
Best wine casks
Best pork barrels
Best butter firkins
Best bell and cannon
Soda fountain, Mathews' patent
Best display of surgical and dental
instruments
Toilet articles
Best display of burial caskets,
plated handles and plates
DispLay of fla.x-seed oil cake
Best bath tub and wash basin, their
own invention
Specimens uf polish
I'est axle grease
Patent adjustable collar for horses...
Slate, from Copperopolis
Best display of yeast powders
Best salad dressing
Special mention.
.Special — Silver medal.
Diploma.
Special — Diploma.
, Silver medal.
$3
S5
Silver medal.
.SI
.Special — Silver medal.
Special — Diploma.
.Special — Diploma.
.Special — Diploma.
.Special — Silver medal.
Framed diploma.
S3
$2
.Special — Silver medal.
Special mention.
Diploma.
..Special mention.
.Special premium.
.. Special mention.
....Special — Diploma.
Sjiceial mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
Framed diploma.
Diploma.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
203
CABINET WARE.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Strahlc & Hughes...
Strahle & Hughes...
Servius Tonnar
"Wiiittier, Fuller &
Co
Crandall Spring Bed
Co
Ilopley & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
N. P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
P. Cole & Co
Sun Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sau Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Best billiard tabic, Phelan cushions.
Samples of polished California woods
Rustic chairs
Best and largest mirror..
Patent spring bed
Best lounge ...
Best dressing bureau
Best sofa
Best book case
Best wardrobe
Best sick chair ,
Best extension table ,
Best set of parlor chairs ,
Best centre table
Best set parlor furniture.
Best librarj' set
Best display furniture
Best marquetry cabinet..
.Special — Silver medal.
Special premium.
....Honorable mention.
.Special — Diploma.
.Honorable mention.
$5
$5
$5
.$3
$3
$5
$5
$10
.Special premium.
Diploma.
.Special premium.
FIFTH DEPARTMENT.
SILK, VEGETABLES, ROOTS, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
I. N. Hoag
Edward MuUer
J. F. Harrison
Thomas Edwards....
J. P. Goodenow
J. L. Clark
W. M. Haynie
J. R. Merkley
J. Barrows
J. Barrows
E. L. Aiken
W. Fern
Robert Williamson..
W. Fern
W. Fern
Robert Williamson..
G. E. Coggshall
Thomas Edwards....
G. E. Coggshall
Yolo....
Nevada Co....
Sacramento..
Sacramento...
Yolo
Sacramento..
Sacramento..,
Sacramento..,
Lynn Co., Or
Lynn Co., Or
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Sacramento..
Best exhibit of silk business
Best display of cocoons and reeled
silk
Sample broom corn
Best field crop broom corn
Best two bushels Chile wheat
Two bales of hops
One bale of hops
Best ten acres sample hops
Best two bushels of Australian wheat
Best two bushels of white fall wheat
Best sample castor beans
Best field crop of alfalfa for 1869,
fourth cutting
Best one-half peck white potatoes,
early Goodrich
Best one-half bushel pinkeye pota-
toes
Best and greatest variety of potatoes
Best one-half bushel sweet potatoes
Best one-half dozen parsnips
Carrots, sample field crop
Best long blood beets
,.S50
Special — $30
.Special — Diploma.
$15
, $10
Special.
$5
$25
, First— $10
, First— $10
$4
.$5
...$2
,.$15
,..$2
204
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
SILK, VEGETABLES, ROOTS, ETC.— Continued.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Preioium.
G. E. Coggshall
Robert AVillianison..
George E. Coggshall
W. A. Lattie.
W. A. Lattie.
W. Fern
W. Fern
G. E. Coggshall
G. E. Coggshall
G. E. Coggshall
George Cohn
George E. Coggshall
A. B. Gilbert
G. E. Coggshall
Robert Williamson..
John Studerns
W. Fern
W. Fern
C. W. Hoit
Robert Williamson..
G. E. Coggshall
W. Fern
W. Fern
W. Fern
W. Fern
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Rockville, So-
lano Coiintj'
Rockville, So-
lano County
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Brighton
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Sacramento
Sacramento....
Best turnip beets
Best sugar beets
Best display of beets in variety and
quantity
Best peck of tomatoes .
Best display of tomatoes
Best cabbage (drumhead)
Best peppers
Best cabbage of other variety
Best display of yellow onions
Best mammoth squash
Best Hubbard squash
Best variety of squashes
Best pumpkins
Best sweet green corn
Best exhiliit of sweet corn (dry)
Best sweet watermelon
Best of any other kind of watermelon
Best sample of barley
Best cantaloupes
Best variety of melons
Best cucumbers
Best white beans
Best green gherkins
Best egg plant
Best and greatest display of vegeta-
bles
.82
.$2
.S3
.S2
..$3
..$2
...•si
,.S2
,.$2
..$2
.U
.5*2
.83
.$2
.$2
.$5
.82
.85
.81
.82
.81
.$1
$15
BREAD, BUTTER, PICKLES, PRESERVES, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Amos Adams
Miss L. Hinkley
Mrs. J. Hale
Mrs. J. P. Odbert ...
Mrs. W. W. Marvin.
Mrr. W. W. Marvin.
Mrs. W. W. Marvin.
Mrs. J. P. Odbert....
Mrs. J. P. Odbert....
Mrs. David Kendall.
Mrs. C. E. Atkinson
Mrs. Cronkite
Mrs. J. P. Odbert....
Mrs. J. P. Odbert....
J. S. Harbison
Sacramento.
Placer Co....
Stockton
Saframento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Folsom
Sacramento .
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Sacramento.
Best firkin butter
Largest and best variety of fruit in
jars
Largest and best variety of jelly
Best apple jelly
Best preserved quinces
Best preserved peaches
Best preserved pears $3
Best tomato catsup 1 83
Best cucumber catsup ] 83
Best pickled peaches ' 83
Best pickled figs I 83
Best pickled onions 83
,.$15
Diploma.
Diploma.
83
83
.83
Largest variety of jellies in one jar.
Best sweet pickles
Best ten pounds honej'
.Honorable mention.
Special— $2
$5
STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY.
205
WINES, LIQUORS, ETC.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Premiuta.
Thiebaud Schaub...
Tbitibaud .^^cbaub...
Thiebaud Schaub...
J. R. Nickerson
John Huinsdorffer....
J. R. Xickerson
J. R. Nic-kerson
Eberhardt & Lach-
man
C. G. Carfientcr
C. G. Caipentor
C. G. Carpenter
Dr. Renz
J. R. Xickerson
J. R. Xickerson -
— Piocho (by Fox'
& Strutz
A. Bona
John HeinsdorEFer
J. R. Waters
Oroville
Oroville
Oroville
Lincoln
Murpbj-'s C'p.,
Lincoln
Lincoln
Best white wine, four years old..
Best white wine, three years old.
Best white wine, two years old...
Best white wine, one year old
Best red wine, one year old
Best sherry
Best California port
San Francisco,
Diamond Sp's,
Diamond Sp's.
Diamond Sp's.
Sacramento....
Lincoln
Lincoln
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Murphy's C'p.
Sacramento.,..
Best white sparkling wine
Best grape brandy, one year old....
Best grape brandy, four years old.
Best peach brandy -,.
Renz's Bitters
Catawba wine, one year old
Angelica wine
, SIO
$10
SIO
, SIO
.Diploma.
SIO
$10
$10
$5
$15
$15
.Special — Silver medal.
Special notice.
Special— $10
Vichy water
Squarza's punches
White wine, five years old.
California seltzer water
Special notice.
.Special — Diploma.
Special notice.
Special notice.
SIXTH DEPARTMENT.
GREEN AND DRIED FRUITS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
J. R. Nickerson 'Lincoln
A. S. Greenlaw Sacramento.
i
A. P. Smith 'Sacramento.
C.W.Reed ,Yolo.
I. S. Bamber Placerville...
I. S. Bamber Placerville...
J. S. Harbison I Sacramento.
John R. Nickerson..! Lincoln
John R. Nickerson.. Lincoln
.John R. Nickerson.. I Lincoln
E. Parsons 'Sacramento.
I. S. Bamber Placerville...
C. W. Hoit Sacramento.
Mrs. E. F. Aiken.... 'Sacramento.
j
Mrs. E. F. Aiken ...j Sacramento.
J. R. Nickerson (Lincoln
J. R. Nickerson | Lincoln
J. S. Curtis jYolo
I. S, Bamber Sacramento.
I. S. Bamber Sacramento.
$15
$10
,$10
Best and largest variety of apples...
Best twelve varieties of apples, cor-
rectly named
Best twenty varieties of pears, cor-
rectly named
Best twelve varieties pears, correctly
named
Best variety of plums $4
Best variety of nectarines $3
Best specimens quinces | $5
Greatest number of varieties of
foreign grapes ■■$10
Greatest number of varieties figs Honorable mention
Greatest number of varieties grapes.
Best one variety-foreign grapes
Best three varieties figs
Best one variety figs
Best and greatest varieties of dried
,.$10
fruit.
Best twenty-four pounds raisins.
Specimens English walnuts
Specimens soft-shell almonds —
Best exhibit peanuts
,.$5
,.$3
Best and largest display peaches.,
Best one variety peaches
$10
$15
Honorable mention.
Honorable mention.
$2 and diploma and spe-
cial notice '
S4
$2
206
TRANSACTIONS OP THE
SEVENTH DEPARTMENT.
FINE ARTS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
Norton Bush
Norton Bush ,
Mrs. G. D. Stewart.
A. A. Hart ,
G. W. Baker
J. B. Grouppe
Pacific Business Col-
Mrs. W. E. Brown...
Mrs. G. D. Stewart..
P. J. Devine
Wm. Shew
"Wm. Shew
Mrs. S. M. Coggins.
Wm. Shew
Mrs. S. M. Coggins.
Mr. Serregni |
Norton Bush '
J.Wise j
D.H.Woods I
W. E. Brown |
John Cooper i
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
Sacrameuto....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Sacramento.,,.
Sacramento....
Best painting in oil
Best painting in oil (tropical scene)
Best water colored painting
Best uncolored photograph .
Best lithography
Best wood and seal engraving....
Best penmanship
Best crayon drawing
Best pencil drawing
Best sculpture (bust)
Best plain photograph, life size .
Best plain photograph, medium.
Best photograph in water color .
Best plain porcelain picture
Best colored porcelain picture....
Best pen drawing
Best display of oil paintings
Portrait in oil
Oil painting (landscape)
Oil painting (St. Jerome)
Best flute
S20
S20
.Diploma.
no
.Diploma.
.Diploma.
-So
Diploma
Diploma
SIO
$15
$10
.•?15
815
, $10
Diploma.
S20
.Special— .>?10
.Special— $10
.Special— $10
S5
MISCELLANEOUS.
Exhibitor.
Residence.
Article.
Premium.
J. Haunberg. ..
W. Hawk
S. P. Taylor....
S. P. Taylor
S. P. Taylor
S. P. Taylor
Mrs. Bessinger,
Sacramento....
Yolo
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Sacramento....
Cocoa nut wood case
Hens eggs of large size
Blue wrapping paper
Brown wrapping paper
Various sized wrapping paper.,
Medicated paper
Cocoa nut cake
• Honorable mention.
.Honorable mention.
Special.
Special.
Special.
Special.
Special.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 207
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES OxN AWARDS.
EEPOET OF COMMITTEE ON GOLD MEDALS.
Sacramento, September 11th, 1869.
To the President and officers of California Stale Agricultural Society :
Gentleme>7 : Your committee, appointed to award gold medals in the
several departments, respectfully submit the following :
Second Department.
H. Bernard, Sacramento City — Most meritorious display of carriages.
Third Department.
Capital Woollen Mills, Sacramento City — Best display manufactured
woollen goods.
Fourth Department.
N. P. Cole, San Francisco — Best display furniture, manufactured of
California woods.
Fifth Dep>artment.
I. N. Hoag, Sacramento City — An exhibition of silk business.
Sixth Department.
J. E. Xickerson, Lincoln — Meritorious display of fruit.
Seventh Department.
N. Bush, San Francisco — Oil paintings — landscape.
J. K. DOAK,
Dr. THOMAS LOGAN,
EOYAL T. SPEAGUE.
Special gold medals awarded hy the Board of Agriculture, at a meeting on the
eighteenth of December.^ eighteen hundred and sixfi/-nine.
Huntington, Hopkins & Co., Sacramento — Display hardware, cord-
age, etc.
S. B. Whipple, San Mateo — For exhibition of Harabletonian stock.
20S 'JRANSACTIONS OF THE
REPORT UPON STEAM PLOW.
Conrad Lochcr, of Oroville — model of steam plow. The committee
recommended that this model receive special and honorable mention,
for the following reasons:
First — It embraces more real points of utility and usefulness than are
embraced in any other plow.
Second — They think it would eventually be of great importance to our
agricultural interests by the great good it would work.
Third — The inventors having expended a large sum of money in its
perfection.
They would recommend to the Board that, if compatible with the
interests of the Association, it be awarded a sufficient sum of money
from the treasury to assist the proprietors in completing the inven-
tion.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SILK.
Your committee finds but one entry that fills the conditions required
by the precise wording of the society's offer of premiums, viz : " Best
exhibition of the silk business, from the mulberry tree to the silk cocoon,
including the feeding of the worms, their eggs, etc."
I. N. Hoag exhibits not only a very large quantity of cocoons of
superior excellence, but also the mulberry trees and silkworms in the
different stages of their growth, from the eggs of one day old, to the
full-grown worms, in the actual process of forming and completing their
cocoons; an interesting exhibition to large numbei-s of persons not yet
engaged in the silk business, and entitles Iloag to the society's premium
of fifty dollars. •
Your committee cannot but regret that only a single premium was
offered for the encouragement of this most promising industry, so cer-
tainly destined to bccon-io one of the greatest importance to the future
of California.
If it comes within the province of your committee to reconimend spe-
cial premiums to persons who, at large expense, have placed on exhi-
bition, for the examination and admiration of visitors, superb display's
of cocoons and raw silks, and who have stood by their exhibits, giving
daily and hourly information regarding the production of silk culture
and management of silkworms, and the growth of the mulberry, we
would recommend that valuable special premiums be awarded to Edward
Muller, of Nevada City, who presents the largest number and variety of
cocoons on exhibition, and to Thomas A. Garey, of Los Angeles, who
represents the products and silk interests of eighteen different silk
growers of I^os Angeles County.
Your committee would also make special mention of Joseph Neumann,
of San Francisco, the ])ioneer silk manufacturer of the Pacific coast,
who, under every condition of discouragement incident to a new business
in a new country, has persevered in his attempts until a certain measure
of success has at last attended his efforts. He now presents a large
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 209
quantity of silk of his own reeling, of an excellent quality, and being
the first to demonstrate the entire practicability of silk manufacture in
California, j'our committee would recommend the award of a special
premium to Neumann of no inconsiderable value.
W. WADSWOKTH,
I. S. DIEHL,
Committee.
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT.
In a report intended simply as an announcement of award of pre-
miums, it is quite impossible to discuss the success or merit attached to
method of culture, production or manufacture of any product, agricul-
tural or mechanical.
The report of the Silk Committee of the State Agricultural Society
was, therefore, of a character distinguished for its brevity. In view,
however, of the great prospective importance to our State of this new
industry, it may not bo deemed amiss if we briefly discuss a. few of the
main points that seem to be presented by the experience of the recent
past in relation to the culture of the mulberry, silkworms and silk.
Commencing with the culture of the mulberry: In all parts of the
State, from the gravelly foothills to the river alluviums, the mulberry in
all its varieties, as far as tried, grows with astonishing luxuriance; but
it is a question, admitting of grave doubt, as to the equal value of their
leaves for feeding.
Nowhere in Europe do we find the rich, moist lands along the rivers
devoted to mulberry culture. The silk growers there have certainly had
long experience and the practice of endless experiments with leaves from
every variety of soil. They say that leaves grown on rich alluviums are
too watery, and not as rich in the nutritive quality necessary to the pro-
duction of silk, in quantity and quality, as leaves grown upon the bigh
and gravelly lands.
The new Japanese colony in El Dorado County selected their lands
with special reference to the production of silks and teas. Would
it not be well to make a note of this? And yet in Italy tiie mulberry
is extensively cultivated along the banks of rivers, and it ma}^ be that
our long and hot summers may cause our lowest alluviums to produce a,
healthy and nutritious leaf.
It has long been known that saline soils, if onl}' slightly salt, are
wholly unfit for the production of healthy food for silkworms. May it
not be quite as likely that our strong alkaline soil may prove equally
unfit for a healthy production of leaf? It may be said that leaves pro-
duced on such soils have shown good results in Sacramento County.
Admit it; but may it not be quite as likely that the success was more
owing to salubrity of climate and natural vigor of the worms than to
any quality of their food.
We know that worms fed last year from leaves of certain localities-
were healthy, wnilst this year they seem quite the reverse; but perhaps
owing to other causes than food. We have j-et much to experiment;
upon in California in the matter of silk culture.
The ill success that has attended the feeding of worms the past sum-
mer seems to have been confined almost entirely to the low grounds of
the valleys, whilst complete success has attended the feeding among the
foot-hills.
27
210 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Another question of interest to silk growers is, the proper season of
fecdini^;. Again we say, that nowhere in Europe, or throughout France,
Genntui}' or Italy, is the hatching or feeding of silkworms prolonged
be3'ond a certain season.
Comnieticing with tlie first growth of the leaf, or as soon thereafter
as a continued supply can be relied upon the eggs are hatched and the
hatching is continued from day to day until all that are to make the
season's crop are produced and set to feeding. The first worms are ready
to cocoon about the first of June, the hist from the fifth to the tenth of
July; this closes the season with all the French or Italian annuals.
It it was desirable, as a profitable application of labor, to prolong the
season of hatching and feeding the worms through the heated term of
summer and into autumn, would not the silk growers of southern
France and northern Italy have long since demonstrated the fact and
established it as their systfem?
Edward Muller. of Nevada City, a successful silk growet*, commences
early, and closes the season before or during July. His leaves are grown
on a dry, gravelly soil, the health of his worms is always perfect, and
the quality of his silk unsurpassed.
As a result of this system of feeding, it as apparent that to make silk
growing a sy^ecialty is a matter not to be seriously entertained by the
farmers of California or any other country; but, as an auxiliary, an
adjunct to the general production of farms, the silk business will unques-
tionably, at no distant day, rank among the foremost of our valuable
and profitable jtrxiustries.
Another matter of discussion among silk growers is, as to the propriety
of feeding whole or chopped leaves to worms in their earlier stages of
growth. If young worms a day old could gobble up the finely cut leaves
as a horse does chopped carrots, then it might assist them somewhat in
the mastication of their food; but when their mode of eating is quite
the reverse of this, and confined to the nibbling of only the edge of
these small fragments, it can be of no possible assistance to the worm
that they are cut fine. But there is a reason why they are highly inju-
rious. Whenever a leaf is cut or broken, the juice exudes from the cut,
and if not at once eaten b}' the worm, combines with^he oxygen of the
atmosphere, fermentation commences immediately, producing an acrid
substance poisonous to the worm, and if eaten, lays thetfoundation of
disease almost sure to develop itself in some one of the after stages of
its growth.
Did space allow us, we M'ould like to give our views on a variety of
subjects connected with silk culture, the form and extent of cocooneries,
the proper material for the same, the benefit, indeed necessity, of a moist
atmosphere during the greater heat, of the day, and how to secure it,
and the best French and Italian methods of feeding, as derived from
personal observation, but we have alreadj' too greatl}' extended this part
of our subject.
In regard to the present condition of the silk interest in California, it
can safely be said that, though there has been individual failure in a few
instances the present season, which failures can be tlirectly attributed to
plain and palpable causes, as a whole, the silk interest is prosperous, and
with perseverance on the part of our silk growers, they have every rea-
-son to look with certainty for a brilliant future.
W. WADSWORTH,
Chairman of Silk Committee
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 211
NOTEWORTHY EXHIBITIONS.
A large portion of space was devoted to the various sewing machine
companies, and they had each well filled their respective allotments of
room with samples of their machines and the work produced by them;
and busj' operatives kept up a constant clicking, as they elucidated to
the spectators the manner of" operating, and expanded upon the superior
workmanship produced by the machine in which they were interested.
The Wheeler k Wilson, Singer, Florence, Grover & Baker, Elliptic, Howe
and Weed machines were all represented.
The Pacific Plate Works, of San Francisco, exhibited a case containing
fine specimens of silver plating, such as castors, water pitchers, milk
pitchers, sugar bowls, etc.
The Capital Woollen Mills, of Sacramento, had on exhibition numerous
grades of blankets, from the coarsest to the finest varieties, including a
pair, of which each is one hundred and thirty inches wide and one hun-
dred and seventy inches long, intended for the Salt Lake trade. Why
such large blankets are peculiarl}' needed for the Salt Lake trade we
know not. Probably the intention is to make them large enough to
cover a husband and wives ; but if this is the object, at what dimensions
will they stop? These mills also exhibited fancy cassimeres and flan-
nels, and a roll of beaver cloth of their own manufacture. At the present
time they are onl}- running four sets of woollen machinery, this being
one-third of their capacity. They expect, however, to soon enlarge their
operations.
Norton Bush, the gifted 3'oung California artist, contributed quite a
number of his beautiful pictures, including " Chagres River/' " Glimpse
of Tropic Land," two "Tropical Sketches," " Lake Tahoe," " Donner
Lake," " American River, near the Summit," " Bay of Panama." " Castle
Rock," and " Sketch in the Straits of Carquinez." His tropical pictures
were especially meritorious, and received high encomiums from -the
critical. The gorgeousness and indolence of tropic life are favorite sub-
jects with Bush, and in their delineation he excels. The two small oval
framed pictures, entitled " Tropical Sketches," were gems in their way.
J. Wise, of San Francisco, exhibited several fine oil portraits of gen-
tlemen and ladies, as samples of his skill in that art.
William Shew, of San Francisco, contributed a large collection of
photographs, including ivorj'tj'pes, pearl pictures, etc., most of which,
through their constant presence at our State fairs, have become quite
familiar to our citizens. The pictures are very life-like, and bear very
favorable testimony to the quality of the work produced at this gentle-
men's gallery.
Mrs. Sarah M. Coggins, of Sacramento, exhibited some beautiful speci-
mens of her skill with the brush in coloring photographs. The samples
on exhibition were very delicately and truthfully tinted, and worthy of
close attention.
Mrs. W. E. Brown, of Sacramento, had on exhibition several vei-y fine
oil paintings, including "Donner Lake. Sunrise," "Donner Lake, Sun-
212 ^ 'J RANSACTIONS OP THE
set," " Medora," "St. Jerome," and "Winter." They all evince care
and talent, and received much prai.se.
Howard Camj^ion, of Sacramento, showed "A Sporting Scene," " Por-
trait of General Grant," and " Emerald Bay, Lake Tahoe." A great
deal can be truthfully said in favor of all his pictures; but the ])ortrait
of General Grant, whatever may be its merits in an artistic point of
view, does not convey a correct idea of the features and figure of the
present President. The expression of the countenance is not faithiul to
life, and Grant is not so large a man as the picture would lead us to
imagine. "Emerald Bay" we prefer to all the rest; it is a pretty,
evenh'-toned picture, and possesses the attribute of merit of being
pleasing to look upon.
Mrs.G. D. Stewart, of Sacramento, contributed some water-color
paintings, including "Sacramento City Cemetery," "A Seaside Sketch,"
and " Balmoral Castle." Also, two crayons, " Pagan Rome" and '■ Chris-
tian Eome." The two latter, especially, are very creditable, but they
all deserved close inspection.
A full-length needlework picture of General Washington, made by
the pupils of St. Joseph's Convent, in this cit}', was very much admired,
by the ladies particularly, although its excellence is sufficiently apparent
to be appreciated by all. Quite a knot of spectators was almost always
congregated in front of it during exhibition hours.
T. Eogers Johnson, of San Francisco, exhibited a case of his finely
worked regalias and emblems of the Odd Fellow, Masonic, Good Temp-
lar and other Orders. •
Drs. Folleau & Mabon, of San Francisco, had a show-case containing
orthopedic apparatus for the hip disease, improved surgical appliances
for ladies, orthopedic apparatus for club feet, orthopedic apparatus for
angulaire curvature (Potts' disease), artificial limbs and patent improved
trusses. The collection was of special interest to medical and surgical
gentlemen, and to those who are unfortunately afflicted with the various
ailments which these contrivances are designed to alleviate or cure.
Henry & Gushing, of Sacramento, exhibited the Crandall patent
spring bed, for which it is claimed that it is an open, s(^f-ventilating and
wholesome bed ; that its springs are coiled in couplets, and, thus ren-
dered self-supporting, will not uncoil or cripple down. It is said to be
especially adapted to hotels and lodging-houses, from its lack of accom-
modations for vermin.
N. P. Cole & Co., of San Francisco, made a fine display of furniture,
including dressing bureau, sofa, extension table, parlor set, bookcase,
marquetry cabinet and Pompeiian marquetry table. The two latter
were very elegant specimens of rich furniture.
J. Hopley, of Sacramento, also had a very creditable display' of furni-
ture, including dressing bureau, sofa, lounge, parlor chairs, centre table
and other parlor furniture.
Laulkotter & Haig, of Sacramento, exhibited in the machinery depart-
ment an improved wash-basin and bath-tub, which are very complete in
their way. The basin and tub are both filled from the bottom, and can-
not overflow. No pipes are visible, and repaiis can be made with much
more facility and convenience than in the case of the ordinary tubs.
These article were well worthy of examination.
The large-sized mirror which, on account of its dimensions and clear-
ness, had attracted so much attention in the upper hall, was from the
firm of Cameron, Whittier & Co., of San Francisco.
Mrs. M. A. Moorhead, of Sacramento, in the way of feminine orna-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 213
mental handiwork, showed specimens of shell-work, autumn leaves, and
an ingenious bouquet made of fish scales — scales of the shad. If the
card utfixed did not tell the story, few would be able to guess the mate-
rial out of which this bouquet was arranged. She also exhibited a
lamp shade made of perforated Bristol board, underneath which is placed
common colored paper. When placed upon a lighted lamp, it makes as
pretty a shade as could well be devised.
Mrs. C. K. Eoss, of Sacramento, exhibited a chaste and very beautiful
phantom bouquet, which received man}' commendations from the fair sex.
Mary Ann Fleming, of Mar^'sville, thirteen years old, showed several
specimens of ornamental work, including a moss landscape picture.
Mi.ss Mattie Curtis, of Yolo, eight 3'ears old, contributed two frames
containing a hair work wreath and worsted flowers, both of which would
do much credit to even the oldest and most skilful of her sex.
Miss Lottie Hoffman, of Sacramento, exhibited a very pretty piece of
embroidery on black cloth
Mrs. J. L. Hummel, of Sacramento, as the product of her skill, showed
some very fine samples of silk embroidery. Miss Agnes Hummel, twelve
years old, also showed, in the same case, samples of very creditable
needlework.
Miss Sophia Shaffer, of Lower Lake, exhibited a very beautiful s]:)eci-
men of raised embroidery, the figures being that of a parrot perched on
a twig, and surrounded by flowers.
Mrs. C. R. Stephenson, of Sacramento, exhibited a pretty afghan
carriage robe, containing four hundred and sixteen ])iece8.
Mrs. Marj' A. Hollister, of San Francisco, showed a knit shell-work
bedspread, containing one thousand seven hundred and sixteen pieces,
each piece being sewed together by an overhand stitch, and knit with
common knitting needles.
Miss Mary Allmond, fourteen j-eai'S old, exhibited some vei-y creditable
specimens of her own needlework.
Mrs. H. Kuhl, of Sacramento, showed a case containing children's
apparel and specimens of stamping, and also a beautiful afghan,
crocheted and worked by herself
Misses M. E. k S. E. Coates, of Sacramento, exhibited some very fine
specimens of ornamental needlework, including some exquisite raised
embroidery.
J. C. Meussdorffer, through his agent in Sacramento, exhibited a case
of black beaver, silk beaver and nutria hats, and silk hats of various fash-
ionable styles. He also exhibited a new style of hat, called the " Adhe-
rent," which was noticeable for its extreme lightness and adaptability to
warm climates, and the comfort of which should render it fashionable here.
The silk hats especiall}' were of a fine texture and gloss.
R. W. Jackson, of Sacramento, contributed a case of beautiful pearl,
ivory and abelone shell jewehy, including rings, sleeve buttons, buckles,
jewel cases and full sets of jewelrj'. The pretty and modest moss agate,
in various settings, was also displa^-ed in his case. These articles are all
manufactured in Sacramento, and evince good taste and superior work-
manship.
James Carolan & Co., of Sacramento, had on exhibition several cases
of fine goods in their peculiar line, such as sporting materials, locks, etc.
S. P. Taylor & Co., of the Pioneer Paper Mills, of Marin County,
showed several bales of different varieties of wrapping and other paper.
P. Kelly, of San Francisco, contributed a couple of cases containing
some vei-y fine ladies' and gentlemen's boots and shoes.
214 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Schroder, Albrecht & Co., of Sacramento, made a display of cakes and
confectionery, and a ver}' pretty ornament, made b}' A. Albrecht, of
sugar.
A. Ellison, of Marj^sville, exhibited the Buckeye plough, i'or which he
claims superiority of levcriige over all othei's, the lever giving the plough
a din of from one to nine inches. The standard is high, and, it is claimed,
can pass over the highest stubble -without catching a straw.
Treadwell & Co , of Sacramento, exhibited a large variety uf agricul-
tural im];lements and machines of the latest and most approved stj'les.
Baker & Hamilton, of Sacramento, also showed a number of agricul-
tural machines and implements of various and improved patterns. Their
exhibition was of great interest to all agriculturists.
Purington & Clark, of Marysville, exhibited a grape crusher and stem
separator, patented March thirtieth, eighteen hundred and sixtj'-nine.
It is assei-ted that the machine will sepai'ate the stems and ci-ush the
grapes without breaking or bruising the seeds, allowing the pulp to fall
into a vat or tank, while the stems are entirely deprived of the berries
and carried away, by the action of the beater, through the hingtid door
at the end of the machine. It was very highly spoken of by the Com-
mittee on Agricultural Implements at the recent Northern District Fair.
W. T. Garratt, of San Francisco, exhibited a couple of small-sized
cannon, and the large bell whose loud tones gave the signal for clearing
the halls at the closing hours.
H. M. Bernard, of Sacramento, had on exhibition, in the lower hall,
several very superior buggies and wagons, and carriages of various
descriptions.
J. A. Mason, of Sacramento, also exhibited several very commodious
and finely finished buggies and wagons.
David Bush, of Sacramento, made a very fine display of gas fixtures
and plumbing work. Among his gas fixtures was Gleason's noiseless
argand burner, which, by means of a valve, permits the supply of gas to
be regulated as desired, and which gives a much brighter light than we
have ever seen obtained by any other burner. It is also claimed that it
consumes from fifteen to twenty per cent, less gas than any other burner,
in producing the same degree of light. *
Miss Juliana Bayer, of Sacramento, exiiibited several very pretty
specimens of beadwork. She also exhibited raised worsted embroidery
work; but the latter did not equal the former in taste or skilful
execution.
Mrs. Biglc}', of Sacramento, exhibited a shell-work tower, constructed
with a great deal of skill and taste.
P. J. Devine, of San Francisco, placed another of his beautiful busts
on exhibition, as a companion to " California." The bust was tiiatofu
lady in the full flush of womanhood. Though siie was not beautiful,
when measured by the strict rules of art, nobility of soul mirrors itself
forth in the large, expressive eye, beaming with benevolence and ciiarity,
and betokens a woman who, though pui-e and guileless herself, realizes
fully that '• to err is human, to Ibrgive divine."
Miss Anna Smith, of Marj'sville, exhibited a piano cover of raised
embroider}- work on black cloth, which, in our judgment, was the
prettiest ])iece of work of the kind in the fair.
The large mirrors from the firm of Wliittier, Fuller & Co., of San
Francisco and Sacramento, were worthy of commendation. The mir-
rors are of imported French plate, and were polished and silvered at the
factory of the firm in San Francisco, thereby' saving duty and lessening
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 215
the liability of breakage; and it is claimed that the brHliancy of these
mirrors is superior to that of those which have undergone long voyages.
The quicksilver used was produced in this vState.
E. C. Bickford <fc Co., of San Francisco, exhibited Packard's patent
traction gate, which runs on two rollers, first and second space. The
gate can be lifted entirel}- off, or raised to any desired height, so as to
let small stock pass under.
Friend & Terry, of Sacramento, exhibited a giant board, measuring
six feet and a half in width and about thirteen feet in length.
The Parrish Soap Works, of San Francisco, exhibited a large quantity
of a new kind of soap, called Kane's Condensed Soap, for which is
claimed cleansing ])owers superior to any other soap.
J. Weichart, of San Francisco, exhibited a new invention to attach
sections on reaping and mowing bars without rivets, for which it is
claimed that it enables sections to be taken off, ground in better style,
in much less time, and without any danger of getting the bar out of
shape.
P. J. Devine, of San Francisco, exhibited a beautiful ideal bust of
'■ California." The figure was that of a j'oung, hopeful, earnest maiden.
The placidity of her countenance betokens that she realizes that there
is a grand future before her, while her thoughtful ej-es and brow show
that she possesses uncommon depth of feeling.
M. Haseberg, of vSacrameiito, showed a box of mammoth sized Cali-
fornia almonds in the upper hall, near the cocoons. These almonds are
as large as ordinary ben's eggs, but, of course, are flatter.
David F. Hall, proprietor of the Silkworm Home Cocoonery, contri-
buted a very pretty basket of flowers made from perforated cocoons by
Mrs. V. E. Howard, of San Gabriel, Los Angeles County. These flowers
were quite an attractive novelty.
W. Fern, of Sacramento, exhibited in the lower hall several fine speci-
mens of different varieties of potatoes, beans, cabbages, squashes, apples,
tomatoes, etc. We had sufficient curiosity to have some of these
weighed in our presence, and, picking up a tomato, found that it weighed
one pound four and a half ounces. One of the a]i])les, a very little
larger than the average of its companions in a box, weighed one pound
and three-quarters, and was five inches in diameter. What nice apples
these would be for boys to take to school ; how many " bites" they could
afford to give away ! The scale showed tliat a sugar-beet placed upon
it weighed fift}' pounds. "That can't be beat," exclaimed an enthusi-
astic looker-on. But it was.
George Cone, of Sacramento County, had in the lower hall a number
of large squashes and fine muskmelons. The largest squash on his stand,
and the largest in the Pavilion, weighed one hundred and thirty-five
pounds.
Ira S. Bamber, of Placerville, in the lower hall, exhibited several
plates full of pears, plums, grapes, apples, peaches, figs, prunes, necta-
rines, etc The peaches were veiy large and luscious looking, and three
taken promiscuously from the lot weighed two pounds and two ounces.
E. G. Bangham, of Lassen County, exhibited, in the lower hall, speci-
mens of patent piuning shears. By the application of double leverage,
a great amount of pressure and labor is saved, and a smoother cut can
be given than by ordinary shears.
George R. Cramer exhibited, in the lower hall, a patent dumping-
wagon. By means of a lever, the control of which is convenient to the
driver's hand, the bed of the wagon is lifted by an upward w'heel upon
216 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
which it slides,* and tlic load is dumped quickly and without any labor,
further than the light pressure upon the lever.
Laauser ct Schufer, of Sacramento, showed some ver}' creditable speci-
mens of cooperage in the lower hall, including a wine cask ot the
capacity of a thousand gallons, and two smaller ones of eight hundred
and five hundred gallons capacity, respectively.
1. N. Hoag, of Yolo County, made a very interesting exhibition of the
silk business, from the mulberry tree to reeled silk. The collection
included four or five different varieties of cocoons, worms two days old,
ten days old, and worms feeding and spinning. Of a hybrid variety of
cocoons, Hoag has raised one million five hundred thousand. A bale of
reeled silk produced by his cocoons was shown in Neumann's collection.
Watching the animals in their various stages of progress afforded amuse-
ment to those who are merely curious, while those who were more
directly interested in the industrial greatness of California bestowed
upon the exliibition very close observation, in order to learn the lessons
it imparts
Joseph Neumann, of iSan Francisco, the enthusiastic and indefatigable
pioneer silk numufacturer, exhibited foi-ty pounds of raw silk in hanks,
reeled in California, oat of which he intends to manufacture two national
flags, one for the National and one for the Slate Capitol, each to be
twenty by thirty-two feet. Neumann informed us that his factory in
San Fi'ancisco is now in successful operation. The spinning department
is running three hundred and fifty spindles, and four hands are emplo3"ed
in reeling raw silk in the reeling department. Judging from the samples
of cocoons exhibited in the Pavilion, Neumann expected that from four
to five thousand pounds of raw silk will be produced in California this
year.
Strahle & Hughes, of San Francisco, exhibited a fine California oak
billiard table, with Phelan cushions, and several slabs of polished Cali-
fornia wood, showing the high polish which even some of our most com-
mon woods are capable of attaining.
Ed. Muller, of Nevada City, showed a fine case of cocoons and samples
of floss silk, including the first and second crops of a hybrid variety of
cocoons. French Annual, Japanese and other varieties.
Rev. I. S. Deihl contributed a very interesting cabinet, containing a
Cashmere cape, specimens of Cashmere wool. Oriental embroidery,
Oriental silkwork from Bagdad, Angora goats' cloth, Angora socks,
Cashmere tassels, etc. All the articles were well worthy close inspec-
tion.
The Pacific Pottery, of Sacramento, exhibited samples of their manu-
facture in the shape of jars, demijohns, pipes and tire brick.
Brittan, Holbrook & Co., of San Francisco, in the lower hall, made
quite a large and fine exhibition of Peei'less and other stoves and i-anges,
and kitchen ware and utensils of various descriptions, of copper and
tinware.
Gillig, Mott k Co., of Sacramento, also exhibited, in the lower hall, the
Buck and Good Samaritan cooking stoves and ranges, and various
kitchen utensils of tin and copper, and the Danford lamp.
R. C. Terr}' & Co, of Sacramento, were not behindhand, but also
showed, in the lower hall, ranges of various kinds, cooking utensils and
lamps.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 217
SILK CULTURE.
AN ADDRESS PREPARED FOR THE PIONEER SILK-GROWERS' ASSOCIATION,
AND DELIVERED BEFORE THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,
BY INVITATION, SEPTEMBER TENTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED
AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Rev. I. S. DIEHL.
Gentlemen and Members of the Society :
In com])liance with your honored invitation to address this association
on the siilc interests, especially as seen and learned by me in my travels
and observations in Asia and Europe, I come to add my mite and contri-
butions of this ancient, profitable and promising industry of the Oriental
and Old World to the many and multiplying sources of wealth of this
Occidental and Golden .State, which I delight to honor as the El Dorado
of my adoption and choice; and here it may not be amiss, but well, to
give a brief summary of the history and progress of this old but here
new and rising industry on this coast, and encourage, as far as possible,
the pioneers now enlisted. Dean Swift says, " he who makes two blades
of grass to grow where one grew before, is a benefactor," and so may
and will you be hailed in giving new industries and sources of wealth,
labor, comfort and blessings to your State and people. We are at once
carried back some three thousand four hundred years or more to the
"Flowery Kingdom" or Empire of China, and in its antiquities find the
first and best accounts of silk, the silkworm and mulberry tree, rearing
silk manufactures and their productions, with cuts, drawings, diagrams
and pictures quite amusing and interesting. The history of silk culture
is lost in antiquity; but by oldest writers — Aristotle, Horace, Virgil,
Ovid, Pliny — and general consent, China is generally conceded to be the
home and originator of this industry, four thousand five hundred and
sixty-seven years ago, or two thousand six hundred and ninety-eight
before the Christian era. The Emperor Haw-Hi has the honor, in the
Chinese annals, of employing silk in the manufacture of musical instru-
ments thi-ee thousand'four hundred years before Christ, called Ci. The
first silk tissues are said to have been invented by the Empress Ho-Sing-
Chi, which places her among the Chinese divinities, under the name of
San Thson, or First Promoter of silk industry, and whether this Chinese
Empress is a myth or not, the Chinese Empress and people still offer
annually solemn sacrifices to her memor}^ ; and one of the many interest-
ing ceremonies to be seen is for the Empress to visit the silkworm
2S
218 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
nurseries, and laboring with hor own hands to encourage the people and
honor this great industry.
The silk industry embraces seven special branches: The roaring of
the silkworm trees, called silkworm nurseries. The trees mostl}' used
are the mulberry family, of which there are four prominent varieties —
morus multicaulus, morus alba, morus morclti and morns iiigcr. The
mulbeny most commonly used is the morus multicaulus, established
wherever the trees can best be raised, where the temperature is regular
and moderate, although artificial climate may be produced by heat.
The best temperature is from seventy to seventy-five degrees Fahren-
heit. These mulberry trees, as we generally found them, are planted in
rows in Asia — not unlike our corn and cotton fields — and again in
squares, the rows being from four to six foot wide, the trees from one to
two feet apart. These are carefully cultivated, and cut or trimmed down,
first to the ground, subsequently to a stem or stump two to five feet
high, which is thus far more productive and prolific, easier managed,
more valuable, saving much time, labor and expense in gathering leaves;
and thus two and three crops can be and are obtained annually, leaving a
few occasionally to grow up at intervals to bear fruit for the birds to
feed upon, and thus protect the young ones, grape vines and other fruits.
This has proved highly beneficial. Sometimes they plant olive trees,
from ten to fourteen feet apart, to protect and shelter the tender mulber-
ries from the sun.
The trimming down of the trees, although giving a desolate appear-
ance for the time, it is claimed, produces more nutritious branches and
leaves, and are fed to the worms on the branches, instead of stripping
leaves, as most breeders do here.
The similarity of climate between that of xVsia and California leads to
a similarity of rearing the trees and worms, and, in fact, this ]jlan has
naturally been adopted here as that best calculated to prod ucti the great-
est amount of silk with the least labor and greatest profit.
The next is breeding of silkworms, which, to be successful, depends
upon good, pure eggs, fresh mulberry leaves, care and attention.
In the early days of the Eoman Emperors, the silk production of
China was only second to the culture of rice by wliicl) to live, and Mar-
cus Aurelius sent an embassy, or commission, to China, to investigate
jind to introduce it to his empire. Babylon, Persia and India were
largely engaged in the silk culture from time immemorial. The rich
and costly Bubylonian garments were made of silk, worked in silver and
gold, for which the lioman Emperors, according to Herodotus, paid from
forty thousand dollars to one hundred and forty thousand dollars; and
for the stealing of one of these " goodl3' garments" Achan lost his life.
These rich, lustrous silks were interwoven with the rich, silky fleece of
the celebrated xlngora, Kirman and Cashmere shawl goats, and with gold.
Portions of Persia, Babylonia, Assyria, India, Asia Minor and Syria,
through which it passed, were, and are still, centres of silk culture and
silk manufacture. Damask, from Damascus, a specimen of which I
hold in my hand, was raised and manufactured in Damascus, as well as
these beautiful silk embroidered specimens, and to this day you see them
rear their silk amid the desolate ruins of Bab3lon, and over those his-
torical lands, almost under the shadow of the tower of Babel, or Birs
Nimroud, itself, as they did three thousand years ago.
Tlie commerce of silk was carried from Cathay to China two hundred
years B. C. into India, Persia, (ireece and Italy, and, almost strange in
this changeable world, the name has remained almost the same, with
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 219
very slight modifications, through the centuries and various languages,
viz: In China, *SV or *Sc'; Mongol, Sirke ; Mantchor, Sirche ; Russian,
Chek ; French, Sole; Spanish, Seda ; Italian, Seta; German, Siden.
So important and honored was this brancli of industry and wealth,
that the l!]iiii)cror encouraged the rearing of mulberry trees and planta-
tions, by rich rewards, honors, promotions, and protected them by
stringent decrees, and severely punished their destruction. Other coun-
tries and rulers have shown similar interest, by public and pecuniary
encouragement, and we are pleased to note here the laudable acts of
3'our own State for the encouragement of silk culture in California as
among the wisest and most far-seeing of your State Government. While
they may take from your State treasury a few thousands of dollars now,
they will add, in a very few years, to the general wealth of the State
millions, and more than return, in taxes, to the treasury, the sums now
drawn from it, and materially add population, wealth and industry,'
which is wealth. Formerly the exportation of eggs, trees and worms
was forbidden, under penalty of death, by China and Japan, designing
to monopolize the business.
In the time of Alexander the Great, silk was worth its weight in gold,
and was woven so thin that the women of Greece were scarcely covered
by its delicate tissues. Julius Cissar introduced it into Home, replacing
the coarse cloths and coverings of those immense amphitheaters with
the" silks of the Orient.
The first silkworm eggs were introduced into Constantinople, or to
the west from China, by two monks, in hollow canes, induced by rich
gifts by the Emperor Justinian, 552 A. D. The Moors imported them
from Greece, Italy and Cordovia, early taking up this industry; thence
it spread over Europe to America and California.
The history of silk in this country is quite interesting, and may be
found, in fragments, in our agricultural reports; in the report of silk
and silk manufactures at the Paris Exposition, eighteen hundred, and
sixty-seven, by E. C. Cowdin ; report of I. N. Hoag, late Secretary of
your State Societ}^ ; by Wilson Flint, and by Louis Prevost, the pioneer
in the silk business in California, now gone from labor to refreshment
and reward, and to whose name, faith, enterprise and perseverance we
stop to pa}^ a merited tribute of respect and honor, while it is to be
hoped the people or State will remember those left behind him in a
material and substantial manner, as an evidence of their appreciation of
his labors, vvorth and sacrifices.
The early colonists raised the mulberrj', encouraged by King James I.
The coronation robe of Charles II. was made of bilk raised in Virginia;
wliile yonder hangs the silk, raised in California, for a silken flag, manu-
factured in your own State, for your own Capitol, to be soon unfurled
from its lofty dome to kiss the breezes of this delightful clime.
In seventeen hundred and eighteen, silk was introduced into Louisiana.
Private gifts co-o])erated with Acts of Parliament and land grants to
plant mulberry trees and raise silkworms, which stimulated and encour-
aged the enterprise.
In seventeen hundred and fifty-five, a beautiful silk robe was made
from Georgia silk, worn by Queen Caroline on State occasions, and the
time is not far distant when the queens of America will be robed in the
silks of California.
In seventeen hundred and forty, cocoons were exported commanding
high prices. A large silk establishment was erected at Savannah, consum-
ing from ten thousand to twenty thousand pounds of cocoons annually.
220 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Then the silk culture was one of the most profitable industries in the
colonies, but Government bounties were withdrawn and it drooped.
Cotton and tobacco raisinj^ took its place, and with tobacco and rum
manufacturing the enterprise was virtually killed.
The Carolinas, Virginia, Pennsj'lvania, New Jersey, Connecticut and
Massachusetts all still struggled on, though feebly, and we find the pro-
ductions long 3'ears afterward as follows :
In eighteen hundred and forty the United States raised sixty thousand
pounds, valued at two hundred and fift}' thousand dollars; in eighteen
hundred and forty-four, four hundred thousand pounds, valued at one
million five hundred thousand dollars; in eighteen hundred and fift}',
fourteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-tliree pounds; in eighteen
hundred and sixty, annual production, five million dollars; Philadelphia
and New York produced two million three hundred thousand dollars;
and a favorable improvement is reported ever since, and steadily
increasing.
The importations of silk into the United States arc given as follows :
In eighteen hundred and forty, eight million six hundred and nineteen
thousand nine hundred and eighty-six dollars, or fifty dollars and thirty
cents consumption per capita; in eighteen hundred and fifty, seventeen
million seven hundred and thirty-one thousand six hundred and eighty
dollars, or seventy-six dollars and fifteen cents; in eighteen hundred
and sixty-four, thirty-seven million four hundred thousand two hundred
and five dollars; in eighteen hundred and fifty-six, thirty-four million
three hundred and fifty-three thousand three hundred and thirteen
dollars, or eighty-eight dollars and eighty-one cents ; in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, over forty million dollars.
Well may we inquire why these large importations of silk which our
own countiy, with its many glorious facilities, could all produce herself.
But now let us look a moment at the production of silk generallj*. The
silk interests are divided into two important branches. The rearing of
mulberry trees and cocoons is purel}' an agricultural industry. Its
various transformations and manufacture is a mechanical industry. The
Oriental nations emplo}' themselves in general with all the transforma-
tions of silk, from the culture of the mulberr}', the breeding of the worm
and manufacture of tissues. In Asia all, heretofore, has been handi-
work. Now France and Italy, with their improved machiner}-, are fast
entering Asia and manufacturing there, leaving the native population to
raise the worms. Europe, and especially Eussia, has greatly benefited
by the experience and knowledge of Asia. Peter the Great first intro-
duced the culture into Russia, which is now making rapid progress, and
has increased threefold since the annexation of trans-Caucasian Asia.
In eighteen hundred and sixty-five Eussia produced about one million
dollars worth of silk, exporting three hundred and twelve thousand
dollar.i worth. A large traftic is carried on all through Asia, in eggs,
graines, cocoons, silk and waste, mainly by the French and English.
The following is near the present product of silk in the world, two
hundred and twenty-five millions, three hundred and eighty thousand
dollars: Asia, one hundred and fifty million dollars; Europe, sevent}'-
five million dollars; Africa, two hundred and fitly thousand dollars;
Oceanica, one hundred and thirty thousand dollars; America, eighty
thousand dollars to one hundred thousand dollars. Divided and raised
as follows : China, eighty-five million dollars; Ital}', forty million dol-
lars; France, twenty-six million dollars ; India, twenty-five million dol-
lars; Japan, eighteen million dollars; Turkey, ten million dollars.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETi'. 221
Turkestan, two million dollars; Islands of the Levant, five million dol-
lars; Spain and Portn<Tal, three million two hundred thousand dollars;
Persia, six million dollars; Syria, two million dollars; Germany, one
million four hundred thousand dollars; Africa, two hundred and fifty
thousand dollars; America, one hundred thousand dollars. By which we
see that we stand last in the list of this great industry of two hundred and
twenty-five million dollars. The last few years the production of Europe
has declined, on account of the malady, while that of Asia has increased.
And yet the Asiatic silks are not as valuable as the European or Cali-
fornia silks.
A centur}^ ago the Levant, Persia, Italy and Spain produced five-
sixths of the sitk manufactured in France. In seventeen hundred and
eighty-nine, France produced one million pounds of raw silk, and manu-
factured three million five hundred thousand dollars worth of silk
goods In eighteen hundred and twelve, five million dollars; importing
six million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars -worth of silk. In
eighteen hundred and twenty, ten million dollars; manufactured, twenty
million dollars. In eighteen hundred and thirty-nine Lyons employed
one hundred and seventy thousand workmen, manufacturing forty-six
million three hundred thousand dollars worth of silks. In eighteen
hundred and fifty France grew twenty-eight million dollars worth of silk,
manufacturing fifty million dollars worth, importing twenty-two million
dollars worth and producing seventj'-five million dollars worth of silk goods
therefrom. In eighteen hundred and fifty-five she sold one hundred and
six million five hundred thousand dollars worth of silk goods; exported
seventy-one million dollars worth ; emplo^^ed five hundred thousand
persons in silk manufacture. In eighteen hundred and sixty France
manufactured one hundred and forty million dollars worth of silk goods,
exporting one hundred and ten million dollars worth. The United
States purchased from France, in eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, twenty-
seven million six hundred thousand dollars worth of silk goods; in
eighteen hundred and sixty, twenty million eight hundr<^d thousand
dollars. The importations thereafter were checked by the rebellion.
These figures and facts are suggestive of the brilliant future before
California, in this branch or department of wealth. With her incompar-
ably superior climate and great area to grow silk — from the Coast Range
to the very tops of the Sierras — frona San Diego to Oregon — she can
fully compete with any country'; at least raise silk enough for our own
consumption — from forty to sixty million dollars worth annually — which
would be far more valuable than her gold fields; healthier, if not more
pleasant and moral, and quite enough to enrich and amply reward all
engaged. '
The product and manufacture of Great Britain are given as follows:
In eighteen hundred and twenty-five, England bad twenty-five thousand
silk looms; in eighteen hundred and fifty-five, one hundred and ten thou-
sand, consuming five million five hundred thousand pounds of silk, pro-
ducing forty-five million dollars worth of silk goods; in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty, her silk manufactures were ninety million dollars, con-
suming nine million four hundred and twenty thousand four hundred
and seventeen pounds of silk, and in eighteen hundred and sixty -two,
consuming nine million seven hu.ndred and six thousand two hundred
and two pounds; in eighteen hundred and sixty-six, five million two hun-
dred and .seventy-three thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven pounds.
Italy produced, in eighteen hundred and fifty-five, sixty million dollars
worth of silk. Spain produced, in eighteen hundred and forty-two,
222 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
two million pounds of silk. Prussia is rapidly increasing in silk manu-
factures In eighteen hundred and thirty-one, she had nine thousand
looms; in eiglitoen hundred and thirty-seven, fourteen thousand looms;
in eighteen hundred and fifty-five, twenty-five thousan<] looms; in eigh-
teen iiuiidred and sixty-five, forty thousand looms Switzerland produced,
in eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, twenty million dollars of silk goods.
The Paris Exhibition gave a splendid specimen and contrasts in this
great work, and i'vee op])ortunitics for stud3^ These figures are more
eloquent than words Of the real productions of China and the Asiatic
silk countries, wo know but little. A large proportion of their people
clothe themselves in silk. China imported to England, in eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-five, ton milljon pounds of silk. India, Persia, Turkey,
Asia Minor, Sj'ria, etc., produce vast quantities of silk, of Avhich no
reliable accounts can be had or given.
THE SILKWORM AND ITS VARIETIES.
The first and principal is the Bomhf/x mori, or common silkworm of
Asia, because most generally used in producing the best silk. It is born in
spring here, from the fifth of April to middle of May ; is of a white cream
color, with a brown facia, when first hatched, but changes its color four
or five times, and attains its full growth in six weeks, and increases in
weight seventy-two thousand times. In June or July it establishes the
workshop of its wonderful manufacture, and in seventj'-two hours of
unremitting toil it produces a thread of from four hundred to six hun-
dred and one thousand yards long. Here, in its inclosure, it sheds its
skin, and finally comes out a chrj'salis, bearing but a slight resemblance
to a worm. After two weeks or so, according to temperature, the skin
of the chrysalis opens and, changing again, it conies out a butterfly, laj'S
some hundreds of eggs and dies.
Ailunthus Silkworm (^Bomhijx Cynthia Vera) — This is also a peculiar
China worm, is cultivated in the open air, lives on the ailantlius tree,
produces an elongated cocoon of a reddish color, making a strong and
desirable tissue. This worm has been and is successfully raised at
Brooklyn (New York), and Baltimore (Maryland).
This worm would do admirabl}^ in Caliibrnia. The trees could be
grown to any extent; when once planted would sjiread all over the
country, and is worthy of a trial here. The experiments in France
have been quite successful, and given a new, increased and growing
importance to the business.
The Castor Oil Plant silkworm {Bomhyx ArramUa) — This species wo
found in India — lives in both a wild and domesticated state, upon the
common castor oil plants and other vegetation. It has been successfully
introduced in Europe, by living cocoons, in Algiers, Brazil, etc., or
wherever the castor oil bean will grow. It Avould succeed admirably in
southern California. The fabrics are durable. sup])le and valuable, but
lustreless.
The Tusseh silkworm (Bomhj/x mileta) — This wonderful insect lives
also in India, in the woods, in hot regions. It feeds on the jujul)e tree.
It makes a beautiful silk, and is valuable; but its introduction into
Euro])e has not been successful.
The wild silkworm of Japan {Bombyx yania vitij/) — This worm feeds on
oak leaves; is reared in Franco. I have seen it in Persia and Mesopo-
tamia, and it will succeed here. It does not require great heat. Its
cocoon is a greenish yellow. The silk is easily reeled.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 223*
The Japan worm and its hybrids are snccessfully reared here, and may
be seen in the Pavilion {Bomhi/x cecropia); is indigenous to our country,
from Louisiana to Virginia; lives on elm and willow, and produces
coarse siik.
A fine collection of cocoons are before us. The male and female
cocoons differ by their shape and size. The male is smaller, with a cavity
upon the neck. The female is more like a bird's egg. The heaviest
cocoons offer the greatest chance of affording tlie best productions.
Divide into two part.s, weigh both, and find average weight. Sometimes
two worms are in one cocoon, and are then called "doubles." This sort
of produce is always inferior, and should be thrown out, as their product
is only one-third the value of the normal product. An apj^aratus was
sh wn at the Paris Exhibition, by an Italian, to prevent doubles, and
he is endeavoring to bring his contrivance into general use. The appa-
ratus consists of cells, made of very light wood, each one of which has
the bulk necessar}'' for a single grub, which prevents two grubs getting
into one, and making a defective product, and prevents consan-
guinity, which is given as one of the causes of the rapid deterior-
ation of the breed. The female is removed when the coupling
is over, and made each to lay in the cell reserved, in such a way
as to weigh separately the eggs of each laying. Each weighing
should be sixty or sevent}' grains of two and one-eighth pounds
of cocoons, each grain to contain from thirteen hundred and fifty to
fifteen hundred eggs, average. The eggs to be preserved for reproduc-
tion are carefull\- moistened, when the grub opens the lengthened
extremity and issues out. These grubs are collected in pairs, male and
female, and fecunded before laying eggs. These cocoons are placed on
paper, covered with a coating of paste. Female cocoons are ascertained
by being heaviest, and are ke]it on separate sheets. When the moths
appear, they are seized by the wings and placed on stretched cloths.
Sheets of paper are placed on screens inclined, on which the females are
laid and lay tlieir eggs. These sheets, covered with eggs, are hung on
wires in a cool room or cellar, which is not warmed, and there remain
until the hatching season. This is important, to keep the eggs healthy.
Having given a rapid survey of the method of rearing silkworms, we
add a few words'in reference to winding the cocoons. This is very primi-
tive, but requires great care and unremitting attention, and great deli-
cacy of touch. Women are generally used for this purpose, who. stand-
ing before a sort of loom, have a basin of hot water, into which she casts
her cocoons and moves them about to remove the gummy substance
which sticks the silken threads of the cocoons together. She beats them
with a small birch broom, and then attempts to make up a staple by uniting
the ends of fine cocoons. These are held in a mass and are introduced
into the hole of aframe for this purpose. Two staples are made at once,
on the right and left hand. She brinies them together, crosses them, rolls
them and twists them several times, the one on the otner; then keeps
them apart, passing them into a hook, from which they twist into a hank
separatel}- on a wheel. The two threads thus twisted are drawn close
together, compressed and become one, made into a round roll as before
you. This is the reeling of silk, as we have watclied the process in Asia
and France. • Some of these threads are six miles long. The process of
putting raw silk into threads, for the different kinds of weaving, is called
throwing silk.
The manufacture of silk successfully in California is only a matter of
time and labor. Already a commencement has been made, and your
i224 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
pioneer weaver is present. The material needed and now raised will
soon be supplied from your own cocooneries ; and you are most favorably
situated for its best importation from China and Japan to California,
where materials of cheap living will enable them to labor cheaper than
on the Atlantic border or Europe. Silk factories employ from one hun-
dred to one thousand laborers, giving steady employment, which will
do much to populate California. From fifty thousand to seventy-five
thousand persons are employed in the Atlantic States, in this branch,
who may find employment here ; but as the manufacturing is premature,
and an important branch by itself, we dismiss it. As to you, Cali-
fornians, the present is the rearing of the mulberry and cocoons, pure
fresh eggs for which a demand has sprung up abroad, from the failure
and silkworm disease in Europe and spreading to Asia. France lost
twenty million dollars by this malady last year, so the demand for pure
silkworm eggs will increase, and are worth twenty-five dollars to thirty
dollars jjer pound. I paid-five dollars per ounce in Asia, to send to this
country. Pure eggs are onh' to be had in Japan and South America;
and there fears are entertained, and signs of the disease appear.
This silkworm disease or malady is to be dreaded, and a preventive is
better than a cure. Various theories have been given. Some ascribe it to
the mulberry; others say it is like the cattle disease or Asiatic cholera;
others say forced breeding and breeding in and in ; want of proper care
and ventilation. Investigation discovers spots of a peculiar form and
appearance in the tissues of the diseased worm at the bottom of the
digestive canal, called corpuscules. The}^ are oval, transparent, smaller
than the globules of human blood. Foreign exchange is desirable where
it exists. Contact does not produce disease, but feeding on leaves washed
or infected with corpuscules water. The disease is spreading rapidly.
All diseased insects should be removed or destroyed. Beauchamp calls
it a parasite, and is of vegetable nature, of the order of fermentation,
and that remedies of creosote will destroy it, washing the eggs in a
solution of creosote. Impregnating vapor through the nurscr}' worms,
when hatched in stables of sheepfolds, generally did well in France and
Turkey. E. MuUer, of JSIevada, informs me his best eggs are those ex-
posed all winter on the trees, at an elevation of eightlfeen hundred feet
above the sea. Make these experiments.
The affliction can be modified by the alkalinity of the atmosphere; a
treatment analogous to the water and salt of Vichy and thermal springs
has proved beneficial. If so, Nevada would be a glorious place for
treatment, if not rearing silk. France has raised a commission and sent
it to China and Japan to study the great silk interests; so have other
countries of Europe, to perfect their knowledge and benefit their Govern-
ments. And in this connection, with these growing interests and facts
before us, might it not be well for our Government to organize such a
commission, to be composed of practical and experienced silk culturists,
to visit these different silk gi-owing regions of Europe and Asia, for the
purpose of studying the silk interest in all its phases. It might result
in great benefits, not only to California but the whole country. The
following are some of the best deduced facts collected by the best author-
ities in Euroi)e and Asia: That the silkworm mulberry tree is possible
to a temperature of seventy-seven degrees Fahrenheit; thiit the limit of
the mulberry tree does not pass beyond the limit of grape; the}' go
and thrive together — fine grapes, fine silk, and fine fleece and wools.
The mulberry trees can be raised on mountains, in a mean temperature
of forty-nine degrees Fahrenheit. We have seen them dot the moun-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 225
tains of Syria and Asia to their very summits. Climate habitually stormy
is not congenial to the breeding of silkworms, nor those affected by
sudden changes of electricity or sudden thunder storms. Places affected
with fevers are pernicious to them. The industry is rather an adjunct
to a farn\ than a chief occupation. So, all through Asia and Europe,
you see almost every family in the silk region raising or breeding silk-
worms and selling their product to the merchants. We commend this
to the people of California, rather than the large cocooneries, as the
,most successful in the end lor the State. Always choose the cocoons of
the largest size for reproduction. Those ai-o most successfully reared
and least affected during development. Regularit}' of form, roundness
of extremities, trueness of grain on surface, solidity, thickness of layers
or silky envelop. The color ought to be golden yellow, exhibiting no
stain or spot of any kind.
The display of silks and the whole modus operandi of the business in
California is before j'ou, from the eggs: Caterpillars in all their stages
feeding, and raulberr}'' trees; the spinning, cocoons, butterflies, reeled
silk froni your own factories, and beautiful figured and flowered work —
all instructive, beautiful and encouraging. In visiting the silk nursery
of I. N. Hoag, close by, we saw from fifty to sixty acres in plantations,
covered with some three hundred thousand trees, feeding about one mil-
lion five hundred thousand worms, presenting the exhibition with the
complete miniature cocoonery before us. E. MuUer, of Nevada, has a
fine display, rearing one hundred and five thousand trees of the morus
alba, feeding fifty thousand worms. Smith Brothers' cocoons are not to
be surpassed by anj' for size and value. Mrs. Weston's fine display is
highly creditable and well displayed, while Neumann, the pioneer silk
manufacturer, gives you specimens of his success. His silken fleece is
before 3^ou, while he promises you a silk flag to float in triumph over
your enterprise. Snell, with his Japanese workers, in El Dorado, is
here, and reports favorably and hopefully. And other exhibitors, whose
names we do not know. From these we have the hope and cheer. We
have the State, the climate similar, equal and, in some places, better than
Asia. We have the mulberry tree, and can raise to an unlimited amount.
The largest portion of California is admirably adapted to the whole cul-
ture, especially healthy worms. We are accumulating the experience
and knowledge of Europe and Japan — of all the silk growers and coun-
tries of the world, froni whom we may yet learn much. Thus, with land
and climate, increase of experience, new recruits to our population from
Europe, China, Japan, and the whole world generally — cheapening labor,
with talents the most diverse and elastic — capital seeking em])loyment,
and laborers bread, homes and comfort; and with the rich smiles and
blessings of Almighty God, we may exclaim " Eureka."
29
226 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
BY THOMAS M. LOGAN, M. D., METEOROLOGIST TO THE STATE BOARD OF
AGRICULTURE,
In continuation of the plan adopted from the .commencement of these
reports, the Meteorologist to the State Board of Agriculture herewith
submits another series of tabulated results of observations made in
diverse localities in the State. As every additional year adds to the
value of these tables, by bringing the general averages nearer to a con-
stant, so it becomes necessary to recapitulate, in a measure, our former
calculations and deductions, in order to make the resulting corrections
in the right place. The busiest farmer can thus, at a glance of this com-
pact mode of information, get all the essentials we now posse.'^s, and be
prepared to study the details of any part or parts he may wish further
to examine while concerting his plan of operations with intelligence.
The tabulated series of the results of the thermometer and rain
gauge, especially at Sacramento and San Francisco, may be made the
basis for estimating these chief items of what constitute climate (except
where other special observations have been made), in the great interior
valley portion for the former, and the coast valleys for the latter. The
mean temperature of each month and year for the whole period observed,
together with the extremes of heat and cold in each month and each
year in these important localities, can be readily contrasted. To facili-
tate the comparativo estimate of a more extended area, ?i recapitulation,
with the latitude, longitude, altitude and mean annual amount of rain,
has been expressly framed, including all the localities whence I have
been able to collect the data. These contrasted summaries show how
irregularly isothermal localities in the State are distributed, and also
how widely the nearest approximated points are thermally distinguished
from each other. It is also seen that while there are but few places in
which the precipitation of aqueous vapor is approximately the same,
there are many in which the difference is remarkably striking. Kefer-
ring to the tables of mean temperature, it will be seen that San Francisco
has no summer, or if it comes at all, it is when the summer months have
passed by. September is there the warmest month in the year, and
•October next. Jul}-, the hottest month in Sacramento and elsewhere,
is the fourth in the order of heat in San Francisco. From the tables of
the extremes of heat and cold, it appears that the coldest weather ever
experienced since the American settlement of the State, was in January,
eighteen hundred and fifty-four, when the mercury lell to twenty-five
degrees in San Francisco, and nineteen degrees in Sacramento. At that
time, the mud in the streets of both thesfe cities was all day frozen solid.
-At Sacramento the slough was frozen over a whole day, so that one
could walk over the edges of it. Such remarkably cold weiither, however,
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Z J /
is extreme!}' rare, particularly at San Francisco. The extreme of heat
experiencecl at San Francisco, was on the tenth and eleventh or Septem-
ber, eighteen hundred and fifty-two, when the thermometer reached
ninety-seven degrees and ninetj'-eight degrees, on the two days respect-
ively. This, however, was altogether exceptional. In Sacramento the
temperature frequentl}' rises as high during the summer months, and on
four different dates it reached as high as one hundred degrees, and once,
in July, to one hundred and one degrees.
As is well known, the proper adaptation of .agricultural operations to
the seasons — the periodical rains — contributes more to the success of the
farmer in California than any other, I might say every other, circum-
stance. For this reason the rain tables are particularly worthy of study.
They are arranged according to the seasons, commencing with Septem-
ber and ending with August. The climate is thus seen to have seven
months in which it always rains, more or less, viz : From November
to May, inclusive, Avith only one single exception ; and five in which it
seldom rains, and then for the most part very lightly. June, July and
August are the driest, as well as the hottest months, except in San
Francisco. The heavy rain in July, eighteen hundred and sixty, when
over half an inch fell at Sacramento, and the third of an inch on the
same day at San Francisco, is a rare exception to the general rule.
September and October may be regarded as intermediate between the
dry and hot and rainy and cold months. In September, eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-one, one inch of rain fell ; and the mean monthly rain for
the last twenty years, amounting to .071 inches at Sacramento, shows
the tendency in this month to aqueous precipitation. [n October,
eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, three inches fell, and the mean monthly
rain is nearly half an inch. December furnishes more than any other
month J January next; then February, March, November, April and
May, in the Order named. The rain of September, eighteen hundred
and fiftj^-one, and July, eighteen hundred and sixty, present the greatest
deviation from the rule. The greatest amount of water that ever fell
in any one month was in January, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and
the next greatest in December, eighteen hundred and fifty-two. One
half of the supply for the season foils before the last of January, and
the other half after that date. There is generally an interim of dry
weather between these dates, of four to six weeks' duration. The spring
rains are quite as constant as those of the previous period, observing
generally the same tendency. If they fall sparingly in the earlier half
of the season, they will continue to do so in the latter half From these
results it is evident that, to secure good crops, the seed must be sown at
such time, and the ground must be prepared in such manner, as to secure
the full benefit of such rains.
This is the view taken and the point insisted upon in the meteorological
report published in the transactions of this society in eighteen hundred
and sixty-three, and time only strengthens the position. With scarcely
an exception in the last twenty years, as shown by our tables, the
ground has received a suflftciency of moisture to germinate the seed and
bring forward the grain during the earlier rains. At this earlier period
the ground is still warm, and the weather is as favorable for the rapid
growth of both top and roots of the young grain as in the spring
months. With a just regard for these facts, there is no reason why the
rains, even when deficient, cannot be made conducive to the interests of
the farmer, provided the ground be put, in due season, in a condition
most favorable for receiving and retaining moisture. To enforce the
228 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
cogency of tbis reasoning, we have only to turn to our statistics. In
the rain table for Sacramento we find tbat tbe mean montbly rain for
September, October, and November sums up, in the aggregate, to seven
hundred and forty thousandths of an incli — an amount few person have
any definite idea of, and the extent of which would astonisli any agri-
culturist who should attempt to distribute the same artificially. For
every one-hundredth part of an inch, a ton of water falls j)er acre.
The rainy season commences somewhat earlier in the northern por-
tion of the State, and a much larger propoilion of the wintei''s sup-
pi)' falls ])y January. The rains, too, are here much more copious. In
the south the i-everse obtains — the rains of November seldom reaching
the latitude of Los Angeles. It will bo seen that the regular rainy sea-
son, excluding the scattering first and last rains, commences, according
to the tables, in November and ends in April. Eain has fallen in every
month in the ,year, but no account is made of a mere sprinkle, nor of
fog or mist. Eeferring now to the tables annexed, which are calculated
to demonstrate at a glance intensities, amounts and results, with an
infinite saving of time, and, what is far more desirable, with a numerical
precision and truth, I beg leave to bring these remarks to a close, not
without expressing my obligations to Professor Henry Gibbons, M. D.,
and the other gentlemen named in the tables, of whose contributions to
meteorology I have so freely availed myself.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
229
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1859.
1858..
1857.,
1856.,
1855.,
1854.,
1853.,
1^ I— I lO
i.^ to o
■« 1-1 1-1 rt
1— ! T-l lO
b : : i : i i .g
s -=■ : : i 2 a
s^ a
fa s? < s
1-5 l-s
M "S £
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
C-3
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o
o
CO
05
s
-if
o
CO
o
1^
o
CO
05
«3
o
to
1^
05
230
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Mean...
>o
e^
o
■^
c
o -^
c
cc
1^
O!
OS a-
cc
t^
cz
1869
-+
CO
OS
CO
t-
OS
CO
CO
cc
OS
o
50
1^.
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OS
a-
CO
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1868
M
CO
e^
CO
e^
CO
t-
00
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i-
t-
CO
OS
OS
OS
OS
oo
A-
t-
1867
O
o
o
b-
1~.
C!
c
cc
o-
<=
1 .
<o
t-
00
co
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o-
c-
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fe 1 .,
1806 ..
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o
05
J~-
cs
i-
OS
o
•>*
ir
cr
cc
OS
C5
OS
o
cr
OS
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cc
oo
1865
O
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OS
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I86J
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CO
t-
^
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e-3
cc
00
OS
os
OS
OS
cc
CO
1>
cc
00
1863...,,
o
M
co
CO
-t
1-
>o
CO
!=
•=
o
00
CO
OS
os
OS
o-
cc
t'
cC
CO
1862
o
■^
e-i
CO
o
CO
eo
lO
-c
CO
c
oo
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1-
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00
OS
OS
OS
CO
1-
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1861 ..
CO
M
o
CO
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CC
e^
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1--
t-
CO
OS
OS
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CO
cc
t~
1860
to
o
o
cc
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CO
cc
(N
c-
CO
1?-
t~
CO
CS
o-
cc
CO
1859
CO
M
CO
oo
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<M
<M
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t^
i~
c
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CO
1>
CO
o
c
CC
oc
ct
1^
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1858
CO
«o
CO
■n
es
CO
IN
c
o-
c
00
00
CO
O'
CS
a-
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cc
cc
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1857
M
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05
m
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CO
cc
OS
t^ oc
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c
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cc
cc
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1855
c^
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1854
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1853
to
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cc
CO
t-
M
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1
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
231
Mean.,,
—1 O CO O h-
M i« •'ji e->
CO
1
CO
Ct CO CO Tf -"Jl
lO o o ^o
-J"
CO
CO
-*
1869
-*-*'*<•<*< M
O OS to o
o
OS
^
CO M -^ TT >0
lO o o o
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CO
cq
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1868
Ml to CO e<5 OS
e<5 m T)< N
>*
o
CO
CtJ) c'lj (."O "^ "^
lO O O »f5
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CO
rl<
1867
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o »
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to
■*
(^^
CO CO CO -* Tl"
lO ^ >
■5 O
-*
CO-
CO
^
1866
CI r-l O CO O
O ■* CO (M
CO
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CO
CO
c; ^ -.J" ^ ■*
iO u^ O kO
-*
CO
CO
Tt-
1865
<M m !>? 1^ -t<
-(< l^ CO CO
o
•n
o
to
CO CO CO o o
lO o o o
o
Ttt
c^
"*
1864
-* Z-- CS O -t-
-:»< i~ O ^
o
i^
e^i
o
CO CO CO ■* -^
m o to lo
^
CO
CO
Tt<
1863
CO "O O IM -^
M O to CO
o
-f
<N
C-1
CO C-3 -* -* O
O to "^ o
-!ll
CO
CO
■*
1862
Oi ■ «D O M M
N Tjl —1 o
t-
i^
CO
n
<M CO ■* -* ■*
lO lO o o
■*
CO
CO
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1861
=> lO IM J>- O
CO >-l CO t~
to
OS
OS
1-
CO -^ -^ -^ o
urs to o lo
■^
CO
CO
-*(
1860
<M (M ■* oo 1^
CO rM -* O
urs
CO
o
CO CO CO CO CO
Tjl .O lO O
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CO
1
1859
o -* 50 to o
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CO
1~-
CO
^
CO CO CO CO Ttl
lO lO 40 lO
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CO
N
■^s*
1858
05 <N 1-
<M 50
N CO o o
CO
^
CO
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CO
CO
<M
'C
1857
O O O i« T-l
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lO
.o
(M
CO
CO CO ^ -^ o
lO .O lO lO
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CO
CO
t
1856
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(M >o CO e<i
t-
-*
OS
I<1
D-
CO CO •* -*
lO *0 lO lO
CO
CO
0^
TJH
1855
t~ cq — 1 —
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(T^ CO O -)<
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lO
c-5
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1854
Ci CO t^ 05 00
OS O (>> 00
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232
TPANSACTIONS OF THE
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1869.,
1868.,
1867
1866.
1865.,
1864.
1863.,
1862.,
1S61.
I860.,
1859.,
1858.,
1857.,
1856.,
1855.
1854.,
1853.,
1852.,
1851.
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09
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CO — -H
s ^ s
>-5 •<
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,
233
1869
•* o» e^ o to e-1 •»* lO o lo
o to i~ t- CO W !•- t_ CO 00
1868
1867
CO 00 o *o to C'l o »o o 'O lo e^
•rt «D *- t^ CO !>. X-- i- 1^ 00 1^ CO
to
CO
— ^-fiooi— toc^cccocsoo ff^
■O to to oo CO CO OS t^ CO 1- 1^ CO cs
1806
i-i c
to t:
>OCCC5 0«CiOi^O>C^^
«5cot^cot^i^i--cot^o
CO
1865
5»— 'loj^^^asoi— 'OO'O ^^
>-t^A-»-COCOi>-X^OiCOi^<:0 Oi
1864
OM-t-^moocOtOr-lMCO
l^ i>. J>. CO i^ t- J.~ 1^ CO OJ i- to
o
1S63
«i-*o»(Mooooe»c<ic<it^c-)cn
tOtOi>.COl^l^X~00COcOt^tO
CO
1862
C'10CC^»OtOCitOJ^"^-^C>-^
to O l-» i>. 1-^ X-^ CO CO CO CO i.^ to
CO
1861
O^ClCltOtOCOtCtOMOSCO
to to CO i^ 1^ r~ i.^ i~ 1^ oo to to
•
CO
CO
1860
'M-*'iOMC^-*(NtOCOCROt-<
o !>. t^ CO i~ j.^ CO <yj CO 1^ i~ to
CO
CO
1859
i
■n lo o o lO o <M o i^ C3 i-< cc 1 o
tOtOlr-cOCOCOCOCOMCOt^tOOD
1858
MOMOi^t-toeo<fflC5coo5
Ot^l>.C0C0t^C0J;--C01:^i~O
CO
CO
1857
i^co-^^ioi^Ncoooc^iMo oo
tOt0 1--COJ:~COJ:~COCOC0 1^tO CO
1856
OOOC5Ca-jHC0O,OC5'*00 l>o
toi^cototoi^±^cocoi>-J>-io "^
1855
1
c<i(Mcocz)ccc*ioosri<05i>.i— ' -o
t-l^t-i;~COCOC»i.^COi~tOtO c»
1854
CI C5 t-1 cc CO '^J' -7( lo J:^ CO e>i r-l
to to t^ CO i:* 1-^ CO CO 00 CO 1-^ 1^
CO
1853
M i~ t- O ,-, 1^ CC to CO lO M C2
totoi^i.~.ajcoi^j^cocot-to
CO
00
1852
-(<mi-l0^1Jr~OC5tOCOOOOCO
tctococntocot^t-osi^ajto
CO
1851
-r— ,-t<-+r-,cocc<M'Ocoro.-H
to t- !>. CO i>» t— 1-- CO 1-- CO i^ to
CO
W
H
O
OA
>
u
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p
a
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c:
>
■
0,
£
a
o
c
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o
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a
m
(*
o
£
ft
s
30
186S.,
1S67.
18f)5.,
1861.
1851.
TRANSACTIONS OP THE
1861).,
1864..
1863.,
1862.
1860.
O t~ O C5 (M
1859.
1858.,
1857
1856.,
1855.
1854.,
1853.,
18.52.,
• >
^
1.
a
J
a
•-S ^ «
» O
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
235
*5
^1
?i
S ^
.&
^
Mean..
1868..
1807.,
o o ffi o
03 «i eo fi o o o o'
1869..
So e^ O 00 00 o o
CO -.t T*« ^ o o o
»-; to » Ci <0 O O O
^' eo ei t-i o o o o
CDt'-op<DO OOO
M'*-*0 1-.---00
O t-i M « IM_ ^ O O
to C5 ■*■ c4 o" 'ftO O
OC^rH
o O-* ■»
o o ci OJ
1867..
|3
i-l o o o o o
00 oc c^ to
o-* ■<* «
O O 00 O C-l O CO o
C; r— r^ I- 'O O .-* O
to q O -* IN rH O O
t.r C^ C-1 o c^ o o o
-* O 00 t^
O C-l rH to
O i-< t^OO
o o <o* t.:
tOC^i-iOOO-l'O
t- ^ OC' t^ to o o o
t-l — fw-tooo
•<*■ O O rH d O O O
i8oa.,
1861..
to i-H 00 00
O OrH H
d d d 'if
iC o o -*
e^ o ^ «
q o "^ 00
d d to' rH
aco d '*'
1857..
1856..
1855..
o o o o
— o o o
j< o t-o
'o.d d ci
« o o o
•— T-H »o o
^ O to iH
"CrH d iH
t~tOCOO'Mt-0>f5
t^cooco^oootc
^^"^ rtdrtr-idddd
CO i-H O 00 ^f^ o o o
COOtOCiOOOO
1863 t^i^cotocooqo
r-i im" e-i i-H d d d d
to O O f-H oo r-» O to
COtOO-MOf-tOO
1862 q c-i 00 00 00 q o o
" o >*■ c^ d i-i d d d
^00 O O lO o o o o
to C'l Ol t^ O^ CO o o
1861 too5co*t»Oi— loo
e<i si CO ddddd
Oi-io-*i-ii~o;o
f-HCOrHt^01^-+0
1860 ... ^. '^. *"! *^. "* '^. '^. ^
c^' d lO <m' 0-1 d d d
'-* to t-- ^ t- o o o
tOOCOC/DCOOCOO
1859 q q to oi o o o q
d CO r-I d i-i d d d
^jri^HaD^jTioaTo^or
1858 -*.-*'»=-i^>.=>=.r'
lMINO)r-lOOO O,
UtuHO © ©OO 0)
t^Ot-'-r — oo'-i
1857 .. ^ ^. '■^. f^ r^ ^ '-^ -
t-i •*' d "o.'h.d d "c
OJtNCOOlrHCOOO
r-«OOCO-+COOO
1856 «»«'.■*.'-!«>. = 9°
■^Oi-H'N iH OOO
OOOOOOOO
t— to O 0» O T-H O O
1S55 q ■*. O) CO rH ;:5 o o
Ci CO •*■ T)! rH d d d
1853..
1852..
o^ooooo ©
lOOOOr-trHOTl
<N U5 OJ U3 (N CO q ^
CO* Qo' co' r-i d d d "a
1853.
OOOOOrHrHO
OOOOOOOO
O O O o
O 00 r»l t~
q rH rH q
rH d ei 1-^
OO a> a)
OO — ■-;
00-14 ^
d d "a'D,
OOOOOOOO
OOOIOCTJOOOO
1852 Or-J^rHCOOOO
o o to o d d d d
OOOOOOOO
-„ . lO -OCO -+ 05 O O O
1851 tocooorHqoqo
odr-lrHOOdd
OOOOOOO'-^
, O O O to O O O O
1850 louoqoiojooo
r- -.9.0
C « 3 =
" O £ O
O O «
0»P
tn
b « « -.
c; ^ i2 ^.2 3 D 3
l-5Pl,S<jSl-5l-5Hl)
'^
M
a
Q
•<*Oi-l
e>i 0 0
0
i~. 0 N
to 0 M
0)
0
0
0 0 -^
M 0 0
August. September.
0 0 0
rn' d d
000
odd
'■ ^
'a
lO 0 0
0 <^ 0
6
a
1-5
ec 0 0
d d d
^
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0 OS t-
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236
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
•«
o
'J^
1 '^]-.
18C9..
:
: 1^1 c-i n
•"f e cq
cj ^ : : : co
1868..
: ^ ■*
1869..
«5 ■* CO
ci : : : i-l
: : 1 '^
— -^ rt -H
o ri -f
?i : M ; : .o
18G7..
CI C-1
1S68..
C-. to 5C
c<> : : : o
: : : "*
: : i^ 1-1
CD N «^
1866..
: . e<i M
1867..
CO CO «c
r-^ : : : cs
... CO
c<t ^ <-• er>
o m CO
^ cc N : : M
1865..
CO
1866..
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December
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June
July
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
237
Date of the first and last rains, and of the heginnlnrj and ending of each rainy
season ; also, the amount of riiin which fell before the end of the i/ear, and
the amount after the end of the i/ ear, in each season.
Sacramento.
First
Last rain.
KAIXY SEA.SON.
Begins.
Ends
Before
January.
After
December.
1849-50....
1850-51....
1851-52....
1852-53....
1853-54....
1854-55...
1855-56....
1856-57....
1857-58....
1858-59....
1859-60....
1860-01....
1861-62....
1862-63....
1863-64
1864-65
1865-66....
1866-67....
1867-6S....
1868-69... ,
Mean.
September
November
Septcmlier
October 28
Sejdember
September
September
September
October 6...
October 20.
September
September
October 29.
October 4...
September
October 24.
September
September
September
November
May 25
Mav 20
Maj-17
Mav 29....
June 26....,
August 21.
May 22
June 30....
June 18....
May 23
•July 17....
June 12....
August 18.,
May 19....,
August 24.,
May 19
Julv 24
May 16
June 23
Ju!v26
I November 5..
] December 5...
Deceuiber 19.
November 9..
November 15
December 3...
November 9..
November 15
November 2..
December 10.
November 3..
December 7...
November 11
November 9..
November 10
November 23
November 12
November 3..
November 19
December 17.
November 17
April 30...
.May 1
March 31.
April 29...
April 30...
May 20....
May 22....
March 31.,
March 7...
April 24...
May 25....
March 29.,
Mav 18....
April 26...
May 17....
March 4...
May 28....
April 12...
April 13...
April 20...
April 27...
16.5
0.1
10.3
19.4
3.0
2.8
2.7
3.2
9.6
7.5
8.3
5.4
10.8
2.6
3.3
14.7
3.3
11.9
16.6
3.4
7.8
19.5
4.6
7.5
16.9
17.0
15.8
11.0
7.2
9.3
8.5
14.3
10.1
24.7
8.9
4.5
7.8
14.6
13.4
16.1
1.3.2
12.2
1 !
San Francisco.
1850-51 November 10 Mav 20 Dpcp.Tnber 5...
Mav 1
2.4
10.5
18.0
3.6
2.9
6.6
7.5
8.1
8.8
6.9
• 6.0
9.9
2.9
4.4
14.9
4.0
15.8
15.9
7.6
6.7
1851-52 September 6..
1852-53 October 28....
1853-54 September 15
1854-55 October 4
1855-56 November 10
1856 57 September 10
May 17 December 19. March 31
May 12 November 9..; April 29
April 28 January 12...|April 28
May 20 December 31. April 17
May 25 November 10 April 14
March 31 November 15 MMrrh ;^1
7.7
15.5
19.4
21.2
14.6
12.5
1857-58.. ..October 6
May 21 November 24
May 22 December 4...
May 25 November 9..
May 22 Dpp.pmbpr 6...
10.9
1858-59 October 21....
1859-60 November 9..
1860-61 October 4
April 10
April 8
Aiail 5
11.0
10.2
8.6
1861-62 November 1..
1862-63 November 5..
186.3-04 September 19
1864-65 November 15
1865-66 September 24
1866-67 November 3..
May 12
Mav 19
May 17
May 19
November 10
December IS.
November 1 1
November 23
Noveml>er 13
Ajjril ]4
April 20
April 4
March 4
March 31
28.1
12.3
4.1
6.4
17.2
Mav 17
November 16 April 12
November 19 April 13
December 17. March 29
November 28 April 10
16.4
1867 6S September 14
June 23
Mav 19
24.6
1868-69 October 1
15.9
Mean
13.4
Red Dog.
1801-62 '.October 29....
1862-63 i October 4
June 12
Mav 19
November 11 -May 11
December 20. j.\pril 15
November lOjApril 17
November 15 -March 4
November 21 April 11
37.5
5.5
10.2
38.9
23.0
72.0
37.2
1863-64 September 19
1864-65 iOctobpr24....
May ]
17.9
Mav 19
22.3
Mei'.n
60.3
1
i
Vacaville.
1868-69 November 18 .July 26 December 17. April 19
3.4
14.6
Shingle Sp'gs.
1866-67
November 4..
May 25 'November 4.. Anril 27
23.5
26.8
"
23S
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 239
SILK CULTURE IN CALIFORISIA.
BY I. K". HO AG, OF YOLO.
During this last spring a niunhor of parties engaged in silk culture in
this vicinity, and myself amoni;- them, having lost our first feeding of
worms, and this fact having fuirnd its way into some of the newspapers,
accompanied with a hint that th'- industry was of such great importance
to the Slate that the people would be glad to know the cause of the
losses; whether thcj- were of such a character as to prove detrimental
to the business generally, or whether they were only local and tempo-
rary, and easily avoided. In a communication I stated that, so far as my
loss was concerned, 1 was satisfied that the cause was local and tempo-
rary' and easily remedied in the future. I said also, that I would, at a
proper time, give the public a full statement of those causes and my
experience in the business. My experience and experiments during the
summer have fully convinced rnf that my position was then correct, not
only as regarded my own loss, unt that it is also true of all the other
losses that liave taken place tliis season throughout the State — that is,
that they were local and temporruy, and that they will prove a benefit
rather than an injury to the Mii^iness. I propose now to redeem ray
promise then made, and in accordance with the solicitation of many sin-
cere friends of our State's prosperity, I will give a review of this promis-
ing industry in our State up to the present time.
One jear ago the cultivation of silk in California was looked upon
with great favor by all classes of the community. All hoped and
believed it would at no very distant day assume an importance among
the profitable industries of the State, equal, if not superior, to that of
an}^ other agricultural industry. So general was this belief and hope
that perhaps no other business was the topic of so much thought and
discussion among agriculturists, and indeed, among business men of all
classes, as silk culture. Many of our most successful merchants and
capitalists were turning their attention in this direction and contemplat-
ing the engagement, as soon as piactical, in the pleasing and profitable
business of cultivating mulbeiry jjlantations and the production of eggs
and silk.
The press — that true indicator of public opinion and friend of general
improvement — was unanimous in putting down this industry as one
promising great inducements to individual enterprise and capital, and
certain to contribute largely to ])ublic prosperity. Indeed, the indica-
tions were that California would, in a very few j-ears, rival France and
Italy in the production of rich and beautiful silk fabrics, and relieve
China and Japan of that most profitable trade with Europe — the trade
in silkworm eggs, worth to those countries, annually, from six to ten
millions of dollars.
Such was the prospect of our silk industry but one year ago, and how-
240 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
•
ever flatterinnj, it was a prospect warranted and supported by reason
and facts. Arnor)<^ these facts may be mentioned the decline of the pro-
duction of silU in European countries, in consequence of a disease
among the worms, rendering their product less in quantity and inferior
in quality, and the reproduction of the worms from year to year, from
their own eggs, impossible ; a destructive malad}', in the form of a para-
site, among the silkworm chrysalis in Japan, seriously threatened to cut
off the suj)pl3^ of eggs to Europe from that country; the increasing
demandfor silk as a wearing apparel, the world over, and the consequent
increase in tiie price of the same; the unparalleled success which for ten
successive years had attended the experiments of Louis Provost in the
production of mulberry trees and silk cocoons in this State — to which
had been added the uniform success of many other parties, during the
last three or four years, in different parts of the State — the writer hav-
ing cleared over a thousand dollars an acre in the year eighteen hundred
and sixtj'-eight, from feeding worms the leaves grown on two-3'ear-old
trees, on four acres of land ; the growing demand for California eggs in
all parts of Europe where they had been tried; the encouragement held
out by our State to all parties engaging in the business — two successive
Legislatures having offered liberal bounties for the production of mulberry
trees and silk cocoons.
The foregoing facts and reasons combined bad operated to place Cali-
fornia in a most favorable position, as respects the silk industrj^ at the
beginning of the present j'car. Since that time apparent discouraging
causes have been at work, which, to the general public, seem to have
cast a shadow over the prospects of the industry, but which, with one
exception. will in reality prove beneficial; and aside from that excep-
tion, our State has to-day a brighter prospect for the development and
profitable prosecution of this industry than at any previous period of its
history.
THE YEAR EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE NATURALLY AN UNFAVOR-
ABLE SEASON.
Although, as stated above, the losses of silkworms in this State this
year may be traced, in nearly every instance, to local and artificial
causes, yet it would be unreasonable to suppose that even in this most
favorable climate all seasons are equally favorable. Experience will un-
doubtedly teach us that even here we have some seasons much more
favorable than others for the growth of the mulberry tree, as well as for
the health and ])ei"fection of the work of the worm. This is the case
with reference to all other productive industries, and why should silk
culture' form an exception? Although our climate is among the best in
the world for this business, yet I do not believe it ab-solutt-ly perfect. I
believe that the season of eighteen hundred and sixt3'-nine has been an
exceptional one ; that it has been, in fact, the most unfavoral»le season
for the suceesN of the silk business that we have had ihr eight or ten
years past, or may have for the same period to come. This being the
case, we should endeavor to note carefully its peculiarities, and learn
from it all the lessons we can for our guidance in the future Few per-
sons have rcalizi'd the intimate relations existing between the animate
and inanimat*' worlds. A moment's reflection will teach us how close is
that connection, and more especially when wo refer to those insects
which, while in a larva) state, subsist on the secretions of flowers or
leaves of vegetables and trees, as, for instance, the honey bee, the dif-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 241
ferent varieties of butterflies and moths, or those of the silkworm. So
intimate is this relation that whatever affects the former, either favor-
ably or unfavorably, will be followed by a corresponding effect on the
latter. Whenever we find a uniform and heallliy condition and growth
of the former, we may look for a corresponding healtliy a-nd prosperous
condition of the latter, and so the contrary.
With this view of the case, let us refer to the peculiarities of the early
part of the past spring and summer. While the rains of the past winter
were so distributed as to render that season an open and rather pleasant
one, the spring was late, cold and unfavorable to regulate growth.
Though we had more than our usual number of late spring showers, yet
they were nearl}' all accompanied with an unusual state of the electric
fluid in the atmosphere, as evidenced by the uncommon frequency and
Beverity of the thunder and lightning. These showers were also, until
late in June, almost uniformly followed by cold and disagreeable weather.
As a natural consequence, all the vegetation was backward and the
growth indifferent — the flowers secreting very little honey, and the
leaves filled with watery and insipid fluids. It was observed by our silk
culturists that the leaves of the mulberry were thinner than usual, con-
taining apparently less glutin and more acid than common. This obser-
vation was confirmed by the fact that when the leaves were picked and
cut for the young worms, they would very soon commence fermentation
and turn black, a condition positively destructive to the health and life
of the insect. Though the writer had been feeding worms for the past
three preceding seasons, he had never before noticed this tendency to
fermentation and treating of the mulberry leaves. It may not be im-
proper here to remark, by way of comparison, that the general absence
of this watery and acid condition of the mulberr}' leaves in California,
and the presence of those conditions in most other countries having a
more humid atmosphere, is one of the strong points in favor of our State
as a silk producing country. The peculiar weather of the past spring
had a deleterious effect upon other growing M'ops. It was noticed by
our hop growers that their hop fields presented an irregularity of growth
among the hills never before observed in this country; that while the
vines were at the tops of some of the poles, those of adjoining hills had
not made their appearance above the ground. This was the case in
fields on which for years before the hops had made a uniform growth
and produced heavy crops. The foliage of the peach tree is peculiarly
subject to atmospheric influences, and these influences have a very strik-
ing efi^ect on the growth and flavor of this usually delicious fruit.
Accordingly, the leaves of the peach were unusually affected the past
spring with the curl, and the fruit made an indifferent and unusually'
irregular growth, and generally lacked that high degree of flavor com-
mon to that variety of fruit in our State. These conditions are sure
indications of too much acidity in the secretions collected from the
atmosphere, and their uniform effect is to retard or prevent the maturing
or ripening process both in leaves and fruit.
The peculiarity and exceptional character of the seasons is most
strikingly illustrated in the eflect it has had upon the prosperitj' of the
honey bees throughout the State. Those who have been in the habit of
indulging in the luxury of a plentiful sujiply of good honey on their
tables can probably recognise this fact in their inability to enjoy that
luxury this season. I have the statement from J. S. Harbison, the
31
242 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
well known apiarist, who has bees in many portions of the State, that
from the first of May to the last of July — the time when bees, in the
ordinary seasons, increase most rapidly and add the greatest amount of
good honey to their stores — his bees in all his apiaries actually depopu-
lated at least one-third in numbers, and did not gather more than half
the usual amount of honey, and that of an inferior quality. Upon
inquiry, I find that the experience of bee keepers throughout the State
this season has been similar to that of Harbison.
The foregoing facts, it would seem, were sufficient to prove our posi-
tion, viz: the exceptional character of the past season, and the delete-
rious influence of the same upon the lives and prosperity of that class
of insects under consideration.
We have one other fact, however, to mention, and one that will bo
recognized by all lovers of nature, upon a moment's reflection. We
refer to the unusual scarcity of butterflies during the last spring and
early summer. It is usual for these insects, at certain periods in each
season in this State, to fill the air and to swarm about the flower gar-
dens and places where water flows over the ground from pumps or
springs. Their almost total absence the past season was very remark-
able, and when it is remembered that the larvas of these insects live
upon the leaves of different varieties of vegetables, shrubs and trees,
and undergo transformations and changes similar to those through
which the silkworm passes, the significance of the fact will be seen by
all, and its bearing upon the subject of the silk industi'y will be readily
appreciated.
The above facts are suggestive and present questions for the considera-
tion of naturalists and entomologists. Why did the bees depopulate?
Were the secretions of the flowers too scanty to prevent starvation, or
did those seci*etions contain vicious or poisonous ingredients ? To what
is to be attributed this peculiar effect of the atmosphere on growing
vegetation, its humidit}', or its electrical condition? In what manner
does explosive electricity kijuriously affect insect life — directly, by the
concussion <^ air, or indirectly, by poisoning or changing the juices of
the plants upon which those insects feed?
I have mentioned the foregoing facts for the purpd^e of calling the
attention of silk culturists to them, thus early in the history of this
important industry ; but I am well convinced that had there been no
artificial causes for the loss of worms, the silk business, with proper
precautions, could have been made as great a success this season as here-
tofore, which I will endeavor to show hereafter.
ARTIFICIAL CAUSES.
Before commencing this branch of my subject, it is proper to remark
that whde it will be shown that artificial causes led to the loss of silk-
worms in nearly every instance in which such loss occurred the past
spring, yet it is believed, and will be assented to by all, that the pecu-
liar unfavorableness of the weather, referred to above, assisted and
aggravated those causes, and rendered them much more destructive than
they would have been with ordinary good weather.
One of the first requisites to success in feeding silkworms in any
climate or couiitry is, that the eggs to be ifsed must be the product of
healthy worms or moths. No people understand this better than the
European silk culturists, who pay from six to ten millions of dollars
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 243
annually for eggs imported from China and Japan, simply to secure this
one requisite.
That the eggs used in feeding worms in California the past season
possessed this necessary quality, can scarcely be doubted, from the fact
that they were raised in this State, and no trace or symptom of disease
has ever been discovered in our California worms, though thoroughly
examined and tested by the best of experts from France, Italy and Ger-
many.
The next requisite to success is, that the eggs, being healthy when
produced, must be preserved in a like health}' condition until the time
for hatching. It must be remembered that the eggs of the silkworm
will hatch without artificial heat, and that those of the annual variet}'.
of which I am now speaking, will not hatch, even with a degree of heat
sufficient to cook them, until they have passed through a natural or arti-
ficial winter, or been exposed for a length of time to a low degree of
temperature, and after this are subjected to a higher degree — changes
similar to those from autumn to winter, and from winter to spring. All
authorities agree that the best mode of thus preserving them is to keep
them in a dry, cool place. If allowed to remain damp too long they
will mildew, and be destroyed. The, shell of the egg loses those gummy
protective qualities with which it is supplied by nature, and the fluids
thus exposed disorganize and part with the vital principle. They become
dead and stale, like hen's eggs treated in a similar manner. So long as
the fluids of the egg remain uninfluenced by a return of warm wealhei--,
or too great a degree of heat, so as to induce the formation of the worm
in embryo, the degree of cold to which they are exposed does not seem
to afl"ect them. While they remain in their original condition, as whqn
laid, even freezing does not hurt them. Hence, eggs deposited on the
body of a tree, or on any other object, and exposed to all the changes of
a severe winter in a temperate climate like that of the Atlantic States,
or of the higher altitudes in our State, are frequently preserved well,
and, upon the return of spring, hatch and ptoduce strong and healthy
worms. This experiment has been successfully made by Miller & Isourd,
of Nevada City. However, reason would teach us that after the worm
has commenced to form in the egg, then an exposure to too low a degree
of temperature would either check the growth and injure the strength
and vitality of the embryo worm, or absolutely kill it, according to the
condition of that embryo and the degree of cold to which it was exposed.
This is found to be the fact in practice, as many of our silk growers can
testify by a costly experience. The same rule holds good when applied
to the eggs of any other insect, or to the eggs of birds.
A careful observer of the weather in the spring of the year can fore-
tell with almost a certainty whether the insect tribes will be numerous
or scarce in the approaching season. A uniformity of weather in the
spring is generally followed by a multitude of insects of all varieties-,
while, if a warm spell is followed by a cold snap, the insects are gener-
ally scarce for that season ; the germs of the insect world having been
started by the warm weather, are destroyed by the return of the cold.
So, for instance, if a hen's egg be sat upon b}' the hen until the embryo
chicken shows vitality, and is then allowed to become too cold and
remain so too long, life is either destroyed or the strength and vitality
of the future chicken is impaired, according to circumstances.
In the light of these recognized principles governingthe germination and
growth of insects, let us examine into the treatment to which most of the
silkworm eggs in this State were exposed last winter and spring. Proba-
244 IRANSACTIONS OF THE
ably the largest proportion of these eggs were purchased of myself, and
whilelam now consciousthatmanyof them were not good when delivered,
I wag then ignorant of that fact. It was always understood, however,
that the buyer took his risks, with this condition : that the cgys sold
were to be, or had been, treated in the same manner as those retained
for my own use. My eggs were all kept in ray cellar, which, being very
dry and cool, I considered a very good place for them. Hero they
remained in apparent good condition until about the tenth of March,
when, after some very warm days, I observed some of the Japanese
trivoltines had commenced to hatch. This variety will hatch at a con-
siderable lower temperature than the French annuals, and I hoped that
the latter had not been effected. To avoid such a contingency, however,
I immediately took all my eggs up to Truckee and placed them securely
under a house, in a small cellar, where I supposed they could remain
without injury from heat until such times in the S2)ring and summer as
they would all be wanted for use. I told all my friends who had eggs
what I had done with mine, and the result was that nearly all the eggs
in this part* of the State were very soon packed away under a large
bouse at the Summit, exposed to the most severe freezing weather, and
this after many of them had shown visible signs of hatching.
Nearl}^ all the mulberry trees in the State were transplanted the last
"spring, and those that were not were cut back to the ground, to supply the
demand for cuttings, and the season being very backward, it was unu-
sually late before there was sufficient foliage to commence feeding.
On the thirty-first of May I went to Truckee for some of my eggs, for
my own use and to fill orders, and was surprised to find the Japanese,
both annuals and trivoltines, nearly all hatched, and some of the French
annuals hatching on nearly every package. I brought down all the
Japanese and as many of the French as 1 needed at the time, and trans-
ferred the balance to the cellar of the Summit House, leaving at the latter
place a thermometer, so that I might learn whether it would do to
risk them there. The thfrmometer, on the following day, indicated
sixty-two degrees of heat. I had all my eggs sent down immediately, and
placed them all, with the exception of three ounces delivered to T. B.
Flint, of Sacramento, and one ounce to H. G. Ballou, of Yolo, in a large
refrigerator, or ice chest, in my cellar, which was constantly supplied
with plenty of ice to keep it cool, being determined not to let the cocoons
hatch until they were wanted. The eggs delivered to Flint and Ballou
were not placed in the ice chest at all, but were at once allowed to
hatch. Both lots were fed in buildings so open that a candle could
scarcely be kept burning on a wind}^ evening in either of them. Flint
used no artificial heat whatever, and Ballou but very little. Flint's
feeding was a perfect success. There was no loss of worms, and the
cocoons were of excellent quality. Ballou was not quite so successful,
though he did very well. The want of perfect success in his ease is
attributable to a change of food at nearl}' the last stage of the worms —
which I shall notice hereafter — rather than to the condition of the eggs
or the artificial heat. I will also state here that James Hayworth, of
Yolo, at about this time, commenced feeding the worms from three
ounces of eggs, of the same lot as my French, but which had been kept
in his cellar all the spring, packed in charcoal. His building was also
very open, and ho used no fire, although, as he says, some nights the
worms would almost stiffen with the cold. Ilis success was also good.
Now, as to the eggs hatched by myself and those afterward delivered
to other parties : They all remained in the ice chest from a week to two
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 245
months, being taken out as wanted for use. Now, mark the result:
Though the}- were all hatched by myself and others, and fed with the
greatest of care, not one produced a cocoon !
noes any one doubt what killed the worms? If so, let him read the
statements of experiments and facts that follow, and he will be convinced.
MY EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIMENTS IN EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND
SIXTY-NINE.
Being encouraged by my success in feeding worms in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-eight, and by the very liberal inducements held out by
laws enacted by the two preceding Legislatures, I determined this year
to spare no pains and to neglect no precaution considered necessary to
secure success, on a scale that would be beneficial to m^-self as well as
advantageous to the State at large. Having extended my mulberry
plantations, to secure the necessarj^ food, I next turned my attention to
the preparation of necessary buildings for cocooneries, and to supplying
them with all the conveniences and apparatus deemed requisite for the
prosecution of the business on the most approved style. The building
in which I fed last year, though it answered every purpose then,
was now pronounced unfit for use, it being too open and not being pro-
vided with the necessary apparatus for regulating the temperature. It
was therefore battened and improved until it was as tight as many
houses, supplied with all the conveniences for ventilation, and with two
good stoves to supply artificial heat. A new building having been
erected, with direct reference to the business, and in accordance with
the rules laid down by the best authors, and being supplied with a hot
air furnace and registers for a perfect control of the temperature, I con-
sidered myself ready to commence business. My eggs were then taken
from the ice chest and put to hatching. Some thirty ounces in each
building were hatched and carefully fed by the same Chinaman who had
brought me such success the year before. The night-watch and fireman
were instructed not to allow the temperature to fall below seventy de-
grees, and not to exceed about seventj^-five degrees, except when raised
by the natural heat of the sun. The worms grew very rapidly, much
more so than those fed in the open buildings of which I spoke in my
last, and without artificial heat. My Chinaman felt very much elated
with the prospect, and I thought success almost secured. They passed
through the first moulting in apparent good order, but between the first
and second raoultings a growing irregularity in size began to be observ-
able, and there was evident delay in passing through the second moult-
ing. As they approached the third change, the irregularity in size grew
greater, and the smaller worms began to assume an unnatural, bluish
color about the head, and to taper too much from the head to the tail.
When about fifteen days old, instead of going into the third moulting,
as they should have done, and becoming quiet, they seemed restless and
uneasy, as if in distress. They ate but little; but by their constant
motion they ran over their food, trampling it down, and rendering it in
a condition favorable for fermentation. The lai'ger worms passed through
the third moulting, but the smaller and blue-headed ones mostly died at
this stage. As they approached the time for the fourth moulting the
trouble increased, greater irregularity in size and more unnaturall} blue-
heads appeared eveiy day. Despairing of success, I threw them all out.
At this stage of the proceeding I was completely in the dark as to the
cause of the trouble; I could not even conjecture, with any degree of
2-46 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
satisfaction to myself, what was the matter. The weather I knew was
unusually bad; some rain showers, many windy days and cold, damp
nights, with uncommonly frequent thunder and lightning for the time of
year, were among the phenomena of the weather. The leaves, ioo,
seemed to be filled with too much acidity.
All these things were unfavorable, but they could not be fixed upofi as
the real cause of the trouble, for the reason that the worms being fed
by m}^ neighbors, Flint, Ballou and liayworth, were all subject to the
same natural influences, and yet they were all doing well, though their
growth was comparatively slow. I concluded, therefore, as the result
of my first feeding, that the trouble must be either in the eggs or in the
artificial heat, and I inclined to the latter as the cause. Yet I could not
settle upon this idea, for the reason that some Japanese worms, hatched
from eggs that had never been in the ice box, were ied in one of my
cocooneries at the same time, and treated in every respect like the
French, passed through all the changes successfully and made most
excellent cocoons in twenty-six days from the time of hatching. In this
state of uncertainty I determined to try again, and in this trial to deter-
mine, if possible, the exact cause of the loss. From the Japanese cocoons
just made I obtained a supply of good eggs. I put about three ounces
of these, three days after they had been laid, into my ice chest, deter-
mined to know what effect it would have on them. At three da^'s old the
worms had begun to form 'in these Japanese eggs. At the same time I
allowed some of these Japanese eggs to hatch, and with more French
eggs, taken from the ice chest, I again filled both of my cocooneries. In
one I used no artificial heat, in the other I used enough to keep the tem-
perature about the same as before.
The result was another failure with all the worms hatched from eggs
that had been in the ice chest, and another good success with those that
had not. Having allowed m^' three ounces of Jajianese eggs to remain in
the ice box two weeks, during which time not one of them had hatched,
I took them out. and at the end of five or six days they hatched finely.
I had them carefully fed, and watched with a great deal of anxiety the
result, for though I had become pretty well satisfied that I had solved
the problem, yet I depended on this last experiment for positive proof,
and that proof I obtained. Instead of going through all the different
stages in good order and making fine cocoons, as did those allowed to
hatch in their proper time, these worms began to show that same irreg-
ularity in size at the age of ten days, and in fi'om ten to fifteen daj'S
the blue heads made their appearance, and although some of them went
through all the changes and made cocoons, a great deal the larger part
of them died in precisely the same manner as the French from the ice
chest had done. I will here state that in the experiment in which 1
used artificial heat in one cocoonery, and in the other none, the worms
in the latter building lived much longer and seemed better at the same
age, all the wa}'' through, than those in the former, though they did so
poorly after the fourth moulting, that I concluded that it would not pay
to feed any longer. I will also state that both Flint and Ballou, believ-
ing that my trouble was attributable to artificial heat, and not to the
eggs, each took another lot of my eggs after the}- had been kept in the
ice cliest from four to six weeks, and hatched and fed them. Instead of
meeting with success, as before, the result in both cases was the same as
mine invariably had been with chilled eggs. A numl)er of other parties
to whom I delivered eggs from the ice chest, met with the same bad for-
tune, and not one who fed worms from these eggs was successful, while
STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 247
•
those who used them before they were thus chilled, generally, if not
universally, had good success Having conducted my own experiments
to a satisfactory solution of the question, I made a tour among other
cocooneries in this section, and in every instance where ill success was
attending the feedings, I discovered the same unmistakable signs of
chilled eggs.
Having learned that all those engaged in the business in Los Angeles
had, early in the spring, clubbed together to build a largo ice box, in
which to keep their eggs back until such time as their trees, all of which
had been cut down to the gi'ound to supply the demand for cuttings,
should supply sufficient foliage to commence feeding, I suspected that
they also might have met with the same misfortunes that had attended
the efforts of many in this section. Upon opening a correspondence on
the subject, I soon found my suspicions fully confirmed. There seems
now to be but one opinion among the silk culturists in that part of the
State as to the oause of their failure, and that opinion is, that it was
owing to their unfortunate experiment with the ice box. I have related
my expei'ience this summer to many persons who have long been engaged
in feeding worms in European countries, and they uniformly agree that
the ice box is the cause of the trouble. My Chinamen, some of whom
have been brought up from childhood in the business, came to the same
conclusions. I think now there cannot be the least doubt as to the cor-
rectness of this opinion. It would seem, in fact, that we all ought to
have known better than to have been led into so fatal an error. The
fact that nearly all the trees in the State had been cut down to the
ground, and the lateness of the season forced us to adopt some method
to keep our eggs from hatching until we should have leaves to feed them,
and, unfortunatel}^, we neglected the precaution until our eggs were so
far advanced that a resort to any means to keep them back a sufficient
length of time would probably have ruined them as effectually as the
one adopted.
The lesson taught by the experience of this season is like many others
we learn by accident, and which, when learned, appears so plain and
easy that we wonder we were so ignorant or careless as not to have
known it before.
I will hero state that those who were so fortunate as to be able to
obtain eggs of the Japanese variety, that had been produced in the
forepart of the season for feeding in the latter, were, with few excep-
tions, very successful The cause of the failure in the exceptional cases
is one that serves to illustrate the superiority of our State for silk culture
over those countries where showers of rain are of frequent occurrence
during the season for feeding. It is irrigation. I have two or three
cases directly in point, to show that it will not be safe, while feeding
worms, either to irrigate the trees or to change the food in any manner
to leaves containing more water than those they have been eating. Dr.
C. Ruddick, of Yolo County, was feeding some worms, and fearing that
his food would fall short, resorted to the irrigation of some of his trees
to force a greater growth. No sooner did the trees show the effect of
water than he discovered a deleterious effect on his worms. A change
from the irrigated to trees that had not been irrigated checked the
trouble, restored the good condition of the worms, and they made good
cocoons. So in Los Angeles, some parties irrigated their trees; and in
a letter written from that county, the writer says : " It is to this cause
I attribute the failure of some parties later in the season with trivoltines
— finding in every case of failure the plantation had been irrigated, while
248 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
the successful parties avoided this error. The trees should not bo irri-
gated within four or five weeks of the time of feeding the worms,
otheruise the leaves will become waterj', sour and unhealthy food."
If the worm is so sensitive to the effects of irrigation, is it any wonder
that it becomes diseased in countries where a shower or two a day is
the rule, and a day free from rain is the exception? Or is it strange
that California should be counted superior for the silk-producing business?
These experiments have cost me a great deal of anxiety and trouble,
days and nights, weeks and months of alternate hope and despair, besides
manj- thousands of dollars; still I give them to the public freely, and
believe they arc worth to the people all they have cost me, and ten times
the amount they would have cost the State, even with a fair and honest
fulfilment of the promises which, through her Legislature, she made to
induce them, but which have in effect been shamefully and most unfairly
repudiated.
LESSONS DRAWN FROM EXPERIENCE.
From experiments already made in this State, and particularly from
those made the past season, many hints and conclusions may be drawn
which will be of immense value to those hereafter engaged in the silk-
producing business. I propose to name these conclusions in the order in
which they occur to me, and to comment somewhat on the facts which
warrant them.
First — That it is better that the eggs should not be kept back from
hatching but very little, if any, past the time they would naturally hatch
in a room in the north side of an ordinary house. But if it is desired
to keep any back for late feeding, they should be put away in the place
it is intended to keep them, in the fall of the year, so that no possible
change can take place in them before thus putting them away. They
should be subjected to as little change of temperature as possible.
Packing them in fine charcoal — that is, surrounding the box containing
the eggs with charcoal, say three or four inches in thickness, is believed
to be advisable. This precaution will secure them from any dampness,
and at the same time tend to give them a uniform tempgrature, both con-
ditions being very necessary to good preservation. Any other non-
conductors of heat, such as wool or raw cotton, will do, in case charcoal
cannot be handily obtained.
Second — It is better not to cut the mulberry trees back more than is
necessary to keep the foliage within reach of the picker. It is believed
that while in ordinur3^ seasons no perceptible injury might result to
worms fed on foliage from trees thus treated, yet in all seasons leaves
grown on trees, the tops of which have been cut back short, while the
roots are undisturbed, will necessarily be unnaturally rank and vigor-
ous, and consequently too great a proportion of water, compared to the
glutinous substances, will enter into their composition. The fact that
cocoons raised from leaves plucked from cuttings in this vicinity were pro-
nounced the best exhibited at the "Paris Exposition," led many of our
silk culturists to suppose that in our dvy climate there was no danger of
inducing this improper composition of the mulberry leaf. A moment's
reflection, however, will teach every one that there must necessarily be
a great difference in this respect between the composition of the leaves
grown on a mulberry cutting, which is a piece of a well matured limb
of the tree put into the ground with no roots at all, and the leaves pro-
duced on a rapidly growing shoot, forced up from the stump of a tree
w^hich retains all the roots necessary to impart a natural vitality and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 249
growth to its entire unpruned top. These two conditions are the very
extremes of each other, and must necessarily produce as results — the
composition of the loaves — the very extremes of each other.
Confounding these conditions, or not ohserving that they were dis-
similar, has led to very serious mistakes, and I have no doubt, in many
instances, to serious loss to silk growers the past season. In this view
of the case, we would expect to find the more unnatural and unfavor-
able growth of leaves on the older trees, the tops of which have been
entirely cut away, for the reason that the roots being larger and more
vigorous, will force a larger quantity of water and acids into tbe leaves,
and a greater number of these tender and vigorous shoots being clus-
tered together, the sun and air cannot penetrate to rectify this malcom-
position. Such has been found by practice to be the fact, and such fact
is directly in opposition to the theory generally entertained by silk
culturists in this State.
The ])ractice of thus cutting back the trees and forcing humidity into
the foliage, it is plain to see, can be but little less dangerous to the
health of the worms than the practice of irrigating the trees during the
time of feeding, and the practice of irrigation, as shown above, has been
found positively fatal. Either practice blindly counteracts and destroys
the greatest advantage California possesses, as a silk-growing country,
over those countries having humid atmosphere and frequent rain dur-
ing the feeding season. In view of the lesson above explained, I shall
thin out m}' trees and only cut them back in the winter as much as is
necessary to keep the branches within reach, and do the larger portion
of pruning as I feed the worms — feeding them with the branches thus
pruned off.
I have two or three cases directly illustrating the view above stated.
One is in the experience of my neighbor Ballou, before referred to. He
fed his worms until about the third moulting, from trees that had not
been pruned at all. At about this stage his food gave out, and he com-
menced feeding them from some of my trees that had been closely
pruned. The effect upon the worms was observable within three days
from the time of change. He then commenced picking from a few of
my trees that had not been closely pruned, and the good effect on the
worms was equally rapid and striking.
My own experience a year ago the past season should have taught me
what a harder experience and more close observation this season has
taught me. It was this : When my worms were nearly done spinning,
I found all or nearly all my matured leaves exhausted; and for the pur-
pose of finishing up the feeding, I commenced picking the young leaves
that had grown from the tops of the trees first stripped. These leaves,
it will be seen at once, would necessarily be forced in their growth by a
cause similar to that of close pruning. The effect was to check the
rapid and healthy formation of cocoons by many of the worms, and the
positive death of others, either before or after the cocoon had been com-
menced. This same experience has been the result of many other similar
changes occurring within my knowledge.
Third — While a naturally sustained uniform temperature in the
cocoonery is a very desirable condition when feeding, still, the changes
of temperature, as indicated by the thermometer, do not have that effect
on the worms in a dry, pure atmosphere like ours, that the same changes
do in a more humid atmosphere. Hence, the artificial means usually
32
250 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
resorted to in European countries to keep up this uniformitj' does not
become so necessary in this State as in those countries, and if resorted
to and used here when unnecessary, the result is a positive injury. To
comprehend this proposition, it must be remembered, that, as a general
fact, any ])articular substance or body is a much better conductor of heat
or caloric when saturated with water than when dry. Thus, with a
certain thickness of dry cloth we may handle a hot iron, but if the same
cloth be wet or damp it proves but little protection. The same rule
holds good in handling a piece of iron full of frost. In the former case,
the humidity, or water, conducts the heat from the iron to the hand,
while in the latter it conducts the heat from the hand to the iron. In
both instances suffering is the result. By an application of tiie same
principle to the atmosijhere in which we live and breathe, and which is
constantly touching us, both externally and internally, we may discover
the reason why we suifer so much more from changes of temperature in
a damp climate than in a dry one. In other words, why, at a given low
temperature, as indicated by the thermometer in the former, we need
artificial heat to keep us comfortable, while, at the same indicated tem-
perature in the latter, we. are comfortable without it. Also, why, at a
given high temperature, indicated in the same manner in the damp
atmosphere, we feel oppressed with the heat, while in the dry we feel no
inconvenience.
The silkworm, for the same reasons, undergoes a similarly increased
degree of suffering in a damp climate, both from heat and cold, or from
a high and low indicated temperature, while in a dry climate, for the
same reasons, the changes in the tempei-ature have a less effect upon it.
This theory is strikingly proven to be sound by facts. All the authori-
ties written from a European experience lay down the rule that the tem-
perature of a cocoonery, in which worms are fed, must not be allowed
to sink below sixty-five degrees, nor to rise above seventy-five degrees,
while the experience in this State is that the worms remain lively and
eat well at sixty degrees, and suffer no inconvenience at eighty degrees
and even ninety or one hundred degrees of natural heat Hence we may,
in all ordinary seasons in California, dispense with artificial heat and all
apparatus for decreasing the temperature of the atmosphere. Nature
here seems to have provided the most favorable conditions for the suc-
cessful rearing of the silkworm, and any interference w^th those condi-
tions has, in every instance thus far, proved detrimental.
If artificial heat be resorted to at all, my opinion, formed from the
experience of the past season, is, that it should only be used in extreme
cases — say when the mercury falls below sixt}' degrees, and then only
with great care that the cocooner}' is well ventilated. Artificial heat
seems to magnify any impurity in the air, and should only be considered
and used as a substitute for a greater evil. It may well be doubted
whether the change of the temperature, as produced by the natural
changes of day and night, is not better adapted to the nature and con-
sequent health of a worm than a uniformity of temperature at any
particular degree, sustained by artificial heat, however applied. No
animal or insect can eat all the time, and a wise Providence has
appointed the night for a time of rest for all His creatures. Indeed,
when I study the history of the silkworm, in connection with the habits
of the people in the different countries in which silk culture is made a
leading industry, I am led to doubt whether too great a'dcparture from
nature in the treatment of the worm has not been in some way the
prime cause of the disease so prevalent in European countries. One
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 251
thing is certain — that in Asiatic countries, where the people themselves
live more in a state of nature, and where they seldom resort to any
artificial means in the treatment of the worms, disease among them has
never prevailed to anj^ extent, while in European countries, where
almost everything in connection with such treatment is artificial, disease
has become so chronic and fixed, that without constant renewal from
other countries, the worm would there long since have become extinct.
Science in the rearing of silkworms may be very well, but it should be
that science which discovers the requirements of nature and carefully
adheres to them. In a climate like ours, where all the natural conditions
for the industry seem to have been provided in so favorable a manner, it
is doubtful whether man can improve those conditions. Our study
should be to learn what those conditions are, and how the best to con-
form to them.
To shield the worm from the direct rays of the sun, and protect it
from the immediate currents of wind, to supply it with a sufficiency of
fresh and healthy food, and kee]) the cocoonery clean in all its parts,
and the air free from artificial impurities, seems to be about all we have
to do to secure success in this pleasant and most profitable industry.
PROFITS OF MAKING EGGS.
I think I have proven to the satisfaction of all who have read this
article, that while the past season has been, for reasons stated, the most
unfavorable ever known in the State for silkworm feeding, still, had
there been no artificial causes to prevent, the business would have been
attended with satisfactory success. Also, that nothing has yet occurred
to destroy confidence in the business, or in the least to mar the bright
prospect of silk culture in the future, except the unfavorable construction
and execution of the laws heretofore so wisely passed for its encourage-
ment. This unfavorable action, of course, is but temporary, and cannot
affect those hereafter to engage in the business. By it, however, the
enterprising pioneers in the business, who risked their time and money
in it when there were doubts about its success, have unexpectedly, and
as I think wrongfully, been deprived of the means upon which they were
induced to depend, to meet their necessary expenses, and to prosecute
the business with energy and to good advantage in the future.
But this unfavorable action and its consequences I propose to speak of
in the future, and will therefore dismiss it for the present, to consider a
brighter and more pleasing side of this interesting subject. I refer to
the profits to be realized from egg and silk culture in California. The
first question asked by a prudent business man, when investigating any
new business with a view to engaging in it, is, " Will it pay V Califor-
nians generally ask, in addition, "How soon will it pay?" These ques-
tions I propose to answer. In doing so in the most concise, and proba-
bly in the most satisfactory manner, I will state the result of some past
transactions, as matters of fact, and then show the favorable prospects
of the business in the immediate future.
In eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, I fed the leaves from three and
one-half acres of land covered with two-year-old morus multicaulis trees.
The trees had been grown from cuttings where they then stood. They
had been cut back in the spring or winter, close to the ground, and the
tops used for cuttings, so that they did not furnish much over half the
early foliage they would have done had they only been pruned with an
eye to that purpose.
252 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
The result of that operation, concisely stated, is as follows
RECEIPTS.
486 ounces and 13J pennyweights of eggs, sold Hentsch &
Berton, at $4 per ounce
Eggs retained for self and sold other parties
Perforated cocoons sold
Total
CONTRA.
Labor and other expenses
Net profits
81,946 70
1,897 50
75 30
83,920 00
472 00
1,448 00
The feeding was commenced on the first of June. On the twenty-
fifth of July it was fully completed, and the eggs all made. On the
seventh of August I had my money from Hentsch & Berton, and conld
have sold the entire product to them.
Here is a profit of one thousand dollars per acre the second j'ear from
planting the trees, and the time consumed in making it only sixt}^ days.
I will here state that I stifled the worms in a large number of cocoons,
enough to have made at least twenty-five ounces more of eggs. I have
heretofore estimated the land at four acres, bnt on measurement find
but a small fraction over three and one-half I will also state that from
the same trees, in the following August, I fed about the same number of
worms of the Japanese trivoltine variety, but as 1 did not want eggs
from them, and as there was no market at that time for whole cocoons,
I gave most of them awaj'', and 1 suppose the silk msyie from them will
some day float over our State Capitol and the Capitol at Washington in
the shape of star spangled banners, being manufactured for that purpose
by Joseph Neumann, of San Francisco. 1 will also state, although it will
not properly be a basis for calculation of future profits, that from these
same trees, last winter, I sold over one thousand dollars worth of cuttings,
and have now growing, from the balance of the cuttings taken from them,
about two hundred thousand thrifty one-j^ear-old trees.
I will also mention that but for the unfortunate mishap to my eggs,
last spring, the product of my this year's feeding would noC have been
less than four thousand ounces. Hentsch & Berton had made me an
offer of three dollars and a-half an ounce for all I could make. Atten-
tion is now called to some successful operations for eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine. H. G. Ballou, of Yolo County, writes me as follows :
"I obtained the foliage of a lot of two-year-old trees growing on the
tenth of an acre of land. The trees were very uneven in growth, hav-
ing been sadly neglected, yet they yielded six hundred pounds of leaves.
At this rate, the foliage from one acre would be six thousand pounds.
From these leaves and some obtained from another source, 1 fed the
worms fj-om an ounce of eggs of the French variet}''. It took fifteen
hundred pounds to bring them to maturity. They produced sixty
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, 253
ounces of eggs and twelve pounds of cocoons, after being perforated by
the hatching of the moths. These, at four dollars an ounce for the egijs
and seventy-five cents a pound for the cocoons (export prices), would be
worth two hundred and forty-nine dollars. At this rate the product of
an acre would bring nine hundred and ninety-six dollars. This is an
exceptional year — the worst ever known for the business in California.
Skilled Chinese labor can be obtained for one dollar per day. The cost
of cultivating an aero of two-year-old trees and picking and feeding the
same to the worms from four ounces of eggs would not exceed two hun-
dred dollars. This would make seven hundred and ninety-six dollars as
the clear profit of one acre the second year. The labor being light and
pleasant, can be participated in by the different members of a family,
and all completed within sixty days, leaving the balance of the year for
other pursuits."
T. B. Flint, of Sacramento, fed the worms from a little less than three
ounces of French eggs, picking his leaves from the trees on an acre of
laud. Some of the trees were four years old; most of them, however,
were but two j^ears. He produced two hundred and eighty ounces of
eggs and forty-eight pounds of perforated cocoons. He has sold one
hundred ounces of his eggs at six dollars per ounce, and is holding the
balance for more. Put them at five dollars, the price for which they
have been sold this year by me, to go to Europe, and his receipts would
be, for eggs, one thousand four hundred dollars; and for cocoons, thirty-
six dollars; total, one thousand four hundred and thirty-six dollars.
Dedyicting expenses of feeding — one hundred and seventy-five dollars —
and the clear profits are, from one acre of land, one thousand two hun-
dred and sixty-one dollars. I could name many other instances where
the successes of this year's operation in this business have been equally
encouraging.
It may be said that these are isolated cases. We will admit it; and
will reply that bad we all succeeded in the pi-oduction of eggs as well as
the parties above named, and there is no doubt we would have done so
but for the artificial causes heretofore mentioned, every egg produced
could have been sold to France and Italy for four dollars and fifty cents
to five dollars per ounce. In proof of this proposition, besides the offer
for my whole product above mentioned, I have had a number of parties
from Europe, on their way to Japan, call on me for eggs, saying they
would prefer the California product, if they could be procured. They
all say that as soon as California can supply them they will no longer
go to Japan, but will send their orders to us.
All we want, then, to secure this immense and profitable trade, is to
produce the eggs and let Europe know her orders can be filled. I
received a call from Dr. Tryski, of the Agricultural Department of
Austria, a few days since, on his return from Japan, where he had been
as a Commissioner on behalf of the Austrian Grovernment, to investigate
the silk business. The particular object of the Commission under his
charge was to learn the nature of a malady in Japan that threatens to
cut off the supply of eggs from that country. He states that of all
cocoons set aside for eggs in Japan this year, from thirty to seventy-five
per cent, were lost, and that the number of eggs produced was from
thirty to seventy-five per cent, less this year than common. As a con-*
sequence, the eggs commanded from four dollars and fifty cents to five
dollars per ounce. Notwithstanding this high price, there had been
shipped from that country to Europe, before he left, one million three
254 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
hundred thousand tfuncep, at a cost (there) of about five million eight
hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The shipment was still in progress, and would probably reach two mil-
lion ounces, at a cost of nine million dollars — a sum equal to more than
half the entire value of all our agricultural products exported in eighteen
hundred and sixty-eight, and equal to one-seventh of the whole value of
our entire agricultural products of that j^car. I put the question to our
people whether this trade is not worth securing, and particularly so
when those engaged in supplying it can make such liberal profits as the
facts above stated show? Dr. Tryski says this trade must fall into our
hands if we will only prepare to supply its demands. The reason for
his opinion he states as follows : For three or four j^ears past, the
Japanese have been complaining that their product of eggs has been fall-
ing off rapidly, and demanded a higher price each year. The European
Governments, whose people were interested in the supply of these eggs,
came to believe that the Japanese were deceiving their people, and that
the decreased product was only a pretence to justify their demands.
Hence the French, Italian and Austrian Commissions were sent out to
investigate the matter. These Commissions have brought to light the
fact that just before the silkworm commences to spin its cocoon, a small
fly lays its eggs upon it. These eggs adhere to the worm and arc carried
into the cocoon with it. About the time the cocoon is finished they
hatch, producing very small maggots. These insects prey upon the
chrysalis, and having killed and devoured it, they emerge from the
cocoon. If this trouble continues to increase for a few years, as rapidly
as it has done for a few years past, the supply of eggs from that country
will not only be cut off, but Japan herself will have to look to some
other country for her annual supply. It will be seen that the trouble in
Japan does not directly affect the production of silk, as the chrysalis and
all the parasites can be destroyed Ijefore the cocoon is injured. But it
does materially affect the production of eggs and the price at which they
can be afforded, and, indirectly, the production of silk, for, to produce a
certain quantity of eggs, fifty per cent, more cocoons have to be
destroj-ed, while the ratio of loss remains as stated for the past season.
Should that ratio double, Japan will have to give up the silk business,
or, like Europe, secure her eggs from some other country.
All these facts afford a big subject for the consideration of the people
of California. We lay directly in the road of this present great trade,
and with a certainty that at no distant day we will be called upon to
supply the European demand, and that we may also be asked to reverse
the direction of the present trade and supply still a greater demand in
Japan. There are plenty of trees to be had in our State at very low
figures, and to those who have land it will now cost comparatively noth-
ing to start in the business. The prospects of the business for good
profits are tenfold better than those of any other agricultural industry
now followed in the State. All parts of the State where cottonwood
trees will grow will produce the mulberry tree with equal facility. All
our grain producers in the great grain-growing districts should plant
groves of these trees. Besides beautifj'ing the country and rendering it
more healthy and inviting, they will in a few j-ears, with a little labor
b}' the women and children, become a source of revenue equal to, if not
greater, than the continuall}'' decreasing product of wheat. Another con-
sideration may be mentioned in this connection. The principal labor of
the silk-producing business is required to bo done in May and June, when
other work on the grain farms is slack, consequently its products to the
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIKTY. 255
grain farm would bo almost clear gain. Our grain farmers want a
variety of products to fill up their idle seasons, and the culture of silk
eggs is reconimended as one at once pleasing and profitable. The
consideration of the other branch of this business — the production of silk
proper — I will now call attention to for a moment.
PROFITS OF SILK CULTURE PROPER.
The, showing made above, of one thousand dollars net profits per acre
from two-year-old mulberry trees devoted exclusively to the production
of silkworm eggs, together with the certain prospect of a continuous
foreign demand for such eggs, to the extent of over nine million dollars
per annum from Europe alone, ought to create a sufficient inducement to
attract the attention and induce action on the part of the ]-)cople of our
State, to secure that trade and supply the demand. We have all the
natural advantages of soil, climate and location necessary to enable us to
reap this golden imrvest, not only for the present, but for the future, so
far as human calculation can penetrate that future.
In presenting the profits of the production of silk eggs, I would not,
however, have any one conclude that the egg business is the only or
principal consideration in favor of entering into the occupation of silk
culture in California. I look upon the egg trade as only a stepping stone
to something better and more substantial, both to individuals engaged in
it and- to the tState at large. I regard it as the immediate source upon
which men of limited means can safely rely for an income while pre-
paring for the prosecution of the legitimate operations of silk culture
proper. When we have once become fairly engaged in the production
of silk, the egg trade will become a secondary consideration. It will no
doubt, however, continue as a valuable adjunct to the silk business, and
will thus form one of the two reliable sources of profits.
Of the production of silk as a reliable and remunerative occupation
for our people I propose now to speak. I cannot give actual experience
in this branch of the busiiiess, but will draw conclusions from admitted
facts. The climate of California is so favorable for maturing the mul-
berry leaves that we are enabled to adopt the Chinese and Japanese
mode of cultivating — the same as the English have adopted in their East
India possessions, and which is giving them such an advantage over the
French and Italians.
I refer to the system of cultivating the trees as dwarfs and near
together, something in the style of cotton plantations. By this system
we can produce at each crop at least twice as much foliage per acre as
can be produced by the orchard system — which the damp climate of
Southern Europe compels the silk growers of those countries to follow.
It is found by experience, in France and Italy, that one mulberry tree
to the square rod of land is as near as it is advisable to plant As a con-
sequence, but very little can be realized from a mulberry orchard until
the trees have attained a good size. It is also found that trees ten years
old, thus planted and cultivated, may, without injury, spare one hundred
pounds of leaves per year. This would give an average product of six-
teen thousand pounds of leaves to each acre of land. Doubling this for
our product on the same amount of land, for one crop, and we have thirty-
two thousand pounds. As we can take two crops of leaves per annum
from our trees, as we cultivate them, M^ithout injury, our annual product
would be to that of the French, on the same land, as four to one, or
sixty-four thousand pounds per acre. Now, one hundred pounds of
256 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
leaves will produce one pound of reeled silk. Thus we would have six
hundred and forty pounds of reeled silk as the annual product per acre.
Heeled silk, of poor quality even, is worth seven dollars per pound any-
where in the world. California produced and reeled silk, from the trivol-
tine Japanese worms, has been sold in San Francisco, within a month
past, at nine dollars per pound, and that from the annual varieties would
be worth from twelve to fifteen dollars per pound. Taking seven dollars
as the standard, and we have, as the gross product of one acre of land,
four thousand four hundred and eighty dollars per annum Now let us
see what must be deducted for expenses: Rent of land and cocooner}',
we will say, would be fiftj'' dollars; cultivation of land and feeding worms
would not exceed eight hundred dollars; one person, say a Chinaman or
a white girl or boy, whose labor is worth one dollar per day, can reel
one-half pound of silk per day, equal to one thousand two hundred and
eight3'' dollars for reeling six hundred and forty pounds of silk. Then
our account would stand thus :
Gross receipts per acre..
Total rent and expenses.
Net profit
84,480
2,140
82,340
This seems like a big sum to be realized in one j^ear, on one acre of
land, as clear profit. Particularly does it seem so to us American and
California farmers, who think we are farming on a small scale unless we
have from five hundred to one thousand acres under cultivation. It is a
big sum and a big profit; but it can be realized. Not, however, until
we change our ideas and our systems of farming. We must put in more
labor and less land. We must produce more valuable and less bulky
products. So long as we are content to exhaust our soil in the produc-
tion of wheat, at an annual average profit of from fifteen to twenty
dollars per acre, and exchange the same for silk produced in foreign
countries at so much greater annual profit per acre, we shall remain a
poor agricultural people.
And when we can produce that silk at so much greater advantage
than can those countries from which we are receiving it in exchange for
our wheat, and neglect to do so, we can hardly escape being counted a
stupid people.
The production of silk is as easy and as simple to learn as is the produc-
tion of wheat or any other staple product of our State; The trees are as
easily,' and much more easily' and cheaply grown than fruit trees. Any-
body, in one hour's time in a cocoonery, can be taught how to manage
and feed the worms a4nd save and cure the cocoons for market. In three
or four days time and two or three weeks ])ractice, a woman or girl can
become an expert in reeling silk, and then the whole process is mastered.
A reel costs but twenty dollars. So it will be seen that with but very
little outlay of time and money, every family in our State who owns an
acre of land can, in one j'car's time, become the producer of the most
valuable and profitable article that^rows from the soil, to wit, silk.
There is no necessity of any great outlay for a cocoonery or other pre-
paration to go into the business. Every man who has a barn or stable
can use this for a cocoonery for the time required for feeding worms
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 257
each summer. It has been found that worms do better in sheep folds or
barns tlian in any other buildings — the manure provinf]^ an advantage,
rather tluui an injury to them. The best way is to begin in a small way
and build the business up by degrees, learning as you go along, and
m-iking the business pay its way. A few hundred trees will do to start
on, and they can be increased as desired.
LOCATION.
In selecting a location for the silk business, the climate and soil must
be taken into consideration. In regard to climate in California, there
is but one thing to be guarded against. So universally is our climate
adapted to the business in all its departments, that in all places, from
Siskiyou to Los Angeles, where experiments have been made, they
have proved successful — far beyond anticipation. The one thing to be
shunned is the damp foggy climate of our summers and autumns in the
coast counties. In every other locality in the State the climate may be
said to be perfect.
In regard to location, therefore, it is almost impossible to give any
definite advice. The silii business should be prosecuted by the farmers
in conjunction with other branches of agriculture. The grain farmer
should have his vineyard and mulberry plantation, also his sugar beet
plantation — the management of which will not interfere with the sowing
and harvesting his grain crop. Let every farmer so arrange his prod-
ucts that some one of them will give employment at all seasons of
the year. ■ His time will then all be employed, and he will enjoy an
additional advantage of being pretty sure, if one crop fails, some of the
others will succeed — thus insuring him against failure in his year's
onerations. With such management, agriculture will* become certain,
successful and profitable. And I am satisfied that silk culture will, in
most every part of the State, thus managed, become one of the best
and most paying adjuncts of the farm. One consideration in favor of
this industry, that does not apply to any other, is this, that the trees will
produce a crop of leaves in the dryest of seasons, thus placing the crop
at least beyond the danger of the drought.
SOIL.
Any soil that will produce a healthy and vigorous growth of the
various kinds of fruit trees, and more especially the peach tree, will also
produce the mulberry in great perfection. It must be remembered, how-
ever, that fruit trees are valued for their fruits and not ibr their leaves,
while the mulberry is valued for its leaves and not its fruit. Hence, it
often happens in this State that mulberry trees are most valuable on
lands wliere fruit trees are least valuable. The rich alluvial river bottoms
— too rich and too much subject to overflow in the rainy or winter
seasons for successful fruit culture — are good lands to be selected for silk
culture. Hence in Italy, in the rich plains of Lombardy, and along the
banks of the river Po, even within its levees, are found the most produc-
tive silk plantations. Lombardy, which has an area of only six thousand
square miles — California having one hundred and fifty-five thousand —
though one-third of all the arable land is annually in grain, exports
annually fifteen million dollars worth of raw silk. An excess of alkali
33
258 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
in the soil should always be avoided. The tree will not flourish in it,
nor will the worm do us well on the leaves grown from an alkali soil. It
must not be inlcrred from the above that other lands than our river
bottoms arc not adapted to the silk culture — only, that they will ))roduce
the greatest quantity of food to the acre, and are better adai)ted to silk
culture than anything else. Our foot-hills are eminently successful in
the production of the mulberrj^ tree and the cocoons. Indeed, it is
believed that the quality of the cocoons raised on the high lands may be
superior, but the quantity cannot be greater than the low lands will
produce.
I am aware that in most countries it is laid down as a rule that the
low rich land is not so well adapted to silk culture as higher, lighter and
less ricb soils
The reason given is that on the former quality of lands the mulberry
leaf secretes too much water, and is not so healthy, and does not contain
so much of the ressinous substance which fills the silk vessels of the
worms, and therefore does not make so much silk, or so fine, smooth and
strong a fibre. This rule does not apply with so much force in California,
where we have no rain from May to October, to be absorbed by the leaves
or drank up bj' the roots of the trees ; and consequently the leaves grown
on our low bottom lands, along the rivers, are dryer and contain more
resinous matter, and smoother and stronger fibre, than those grown
on lighter and higher soils, in countries subject to frequent summer
showers. It is a well established scientific fact that all vegetable sub-
stances grown in a dry climate, and without irrigation, contain more
saccharine and resinous matter, and consequently more nourishment for
man, beast or insect, than the same vegetables grown in a wetter cli-
mate. Our hay, for instance, has more resin, and consequently more
nourishment in ic, than hay grown in the Atlantic States or Europe. So
with the leaves of trees. The mulberrj^ leaf has more resin — and, as
before intimated, this is the material which forms the silk — than the
same leaf in damper climates. It must be remembered that after the
mouth of May all our rivers, which overflow during the winter season,
are within their banks, and their waters soon go down to low water
mark, thus leaving the lands along their borders from fllTteen to twenty
feet above their waters. The principal portion of the leaves of mul-
berry or other trees standing on this land is grown after this period,
when the soil is dr}' and in good condition — even better condition for
making a healthy and even growth than if upon the hill}' portions of a
country where rain and drought succeed each other during the summef
season. This evenness of the growth of the leaf without rain or other
climatic change is of the first importance, and is one of the strong
points in favor of our climate for silk culture. Another very strong
I'easou for recommending the mulberry for our overflowed districts is
found in the fact thatthc}^ throw down very dec)) tap roots, as well as
lateral roots, and arc therefore not very easily Avashed out, but may be
depended on to liold the soil to its place while the water is sweeping
over it. This fact undoubtedly led the Italian Government to adopt
this tiee to protect their levees along the river Po and its tributaries,
and we should adopt it along our rivers lor the same purpose, thus
making it contribute to the safety of our homes and the comforts of our
families. I would not discourage the silk culture on our high land or in
the foothills, but these lands are also valuable for grain farming, and
the foothills especially for grape and tea culture — and while I would like
to see the mulberry, the vine, the tea plant, the orange, lemon and some
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 259
other tropical fruits flourishing side by side, as they may, and in time
will, all along the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges of
mountains, the whole length of the State, I am also anxious that our
vast river bottoms shall be cultivated with something that will not
require annual planting, and that will live and flourish and produce
remunerative crops, notwithstanding the winter and spring floods. If
there is any annual crop, or crop requiring to be planted every year,
better adapted to these low bottom lands than another, I am of the
opinion that crop is the sugar beet. This crop will grow and come to
sufficient maturity for sugar purposes after the water leaves the soil.
The production of sugar will, at no distant day, be one of the leading
industries of the State; and the larmer on the rivers will find that he
can very appropriately and handily cultivate the beet and mulberry
together; not on the same piece of land — but that he can conveniently
attend to a crop of each. He may also cultivate hops in connection with
both, selecting for the latter his highest bottom land, upon which the
water will remain the shortest time.
THE MULBERRY TREE — ITS PROPAGATION AND TREATMENT.
There are quite a number of varieties of the mulberry tree, but those
most commonly used in the production of silk are the morus multicaulis,
morus alba and morus moretti. The multicaulis is the most rapid
grower and produces the greatest quantity of leaves. It is the easiest
propagated from cuttings, and is most easily managed as a dwarf for
plantations. It is not so much used for feeding worms in European
countries as the alba and moretti, as its leaf absorbs more water, and
it is believed, therefore, not to be so health}- in those wet climates for
the worm. It is very doubtful whether it is liable to this objection in
this climate. It is certainly preferable to feed worms on until they are
from ten days to two weeks old, as the leaves are more tender. Indeed,
worms fed entirely on the leaves of the multicaulis have done well in
this State and made most excellent cocoons. The alba and moretti are
very nearly alike in their habits and appearance, the greatest ditference
being in the color of their berries — the former bearing white berries, and
the latter those of a purple color. The wood of these varieties is harder
and more compact than that of the multicaulis, having very much the
appearance and texture 'of the locust. The tree makes a most rapid and
beautiful growth, and forms one of the most beautiful and agreeable
ornamental or shade trees. Though not so easily propagated from cut-
tings as the multicaulis, yet they may be readily grown in this manner.
The cuttings sliould be taken from the tree, in this State, in December
or January-, and immediately planted in the ground; though, if the
ground is not ready, they may, like the cuttings of multicaulis, be kept
until February or March, by burying in a sandy, dr}- soil, or placing
them in a cool cellar. For planting the}' should be cut up into pieces
containing from two to three eyes each, and placing them in an upright
position in the ground, should be covered so that the upper end will be
about an inch below the surface. Cuttings of the alba and moretti
varieties have been made to succeed well by laying the cane full length
in a trench and covering it three or four inches. It is also thought by
some that for these varieties it is better to use the ends of the limbs for
cuttings altogether, and leave them, say a foot long, inserting nearly the
whole length in the ground. It is much harder to propagate these vari-
eties from cuttings than the multicaulis, and I would recommend exper-
260 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
iments according to different modes. In all cases and for all varieties,
the land should be well pulverized and subsoiled, to insure success.
There is no tree that will bear so much pruning in the summer season
and flourish under it, as the mulberry. Indeed, this tree seems to have
been made with a constitution especially adapted to the use to which it
is applied. The mulberry tree was made for the silkworm, and the
worm was made for the mulberry tree — a perfect adaptation to each
other, and both to the wants of man or woman.
The mulberry tree ma}^ also be propagated from the seed, which is a
little larger than a mustard seed. In this State the seed should be
planted in April or May, in damp but warm soil, well cultivated or pul-
verized. It should be covered from a half inch to an inch and a half.
If the soil is very damp and not liable to dry on the surface, a half inch
is a plenty. The soil should be of that nature that it will keep dump to
the very surface. I planted from two to three acres last year with seed
of the alba and moretti, and only succeeded in making the seed come
up on about an acre and a half They were planted on the Sacramento
Kiver, about two miles above Sacramento. In the winter of eighteen
hundred and sixty-five, before a levee was built along the river, the water
ran across the land, and washed the surface soil, a vegetable mould,
entirely off of about an acre and a half of the land, leaving a light sandy
clay, through which the moisture rose to the very surface — so much so
that until ten or eleven o'clock of the warmest da^'s in May the surface
looked wet. Here, on this land, the seed came up and grew well, while
on the land directly by its side, but upon which the vegetable or surface
soil remained, very few of the seeds germinated, and none came up. As
the sun warmed up the surface of this vegetable soil, the moisture
receded, leaving the surface very dry and hot; and, as the tender leaves
of the young trees reached this dry soil they withered or baked, and
died, while the moisture of the sandy and clay soil, reaching the very
surface, protected 'and invigorated the young leaves, and forced them
up. I have been thus particular in giving my experience in this matter,
because almost every one else who planted seed made an entire failure,
and I made a partial success, in consequence of the peculiar condition of
some of my land.
I would recommend in putting out plantations that about one-half of
the trees be of multicaulis and the other half alba or moretti; the for-
mer to be fed to the worms until the last moulting, and the latter after
that period.
PERMANENT PLANTATIONS.
My plantations are set with trees, six feet by two. Every one hundred
and fifty feet one way I leave a wagon way, and every four hundred feet
the other way. The former ways are twelve feet wide and the latter
sixteen. I think these distances will do well for the multicaulis, as
this tree sends its branches up in the direction of and pretty close to the
body of the tree, and is easily managed as a dwarf The alba and
moretti are of a different habit. They incline to spread, throwing their
branches out horizontally, and growing with greater determination to
make largo trees From this I conclude that these trees may be required
to be planted further apart, say four by six, and maybe more. These
latter varieties should be made to branch from the body about four feet
high, thus making a head within reach from the ground. The multi-
caulis may be headed even lower.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 261
COCOONEHY.
Having selected \'our location and planted j^our trees, the next thing
to be prepared for use is some place to feed 3'our worms — a cocoonery.
Any rough building will do in this State. Our climate is so mild and
favorable we can dispense with many of the extra conveniences or neces-
saries required in man}' other countries, and, conseqnentl}^ with much of
the expense; but j'ou cannot feed the worms in the open air, for the
reason that they must be protected from the sun as well as the night
diBws; also from the birds. If 3'ou have a barn on the place which can be
devoted to this use in the summer season, you have alreadya cocoonery.
All you want to do is to put up upright standards, to whicli, at about
two and a half feet apart, fasten cross pieces and lay on loose boards for
shelves, and your cocoonery is made. At about eight feet from the floor
your cross pieces will want to extend across the alleyways between the
shelves, on which lay a temporary floor to stand on while feeding the
worms on the shelves above. All the framework and boards for slielving
can be so made that they can easily be put up and taken down, and kept
from year to year. Be careful to provide a plenty of ventilation. This
may be done in an}'' manner most convenient, so that the wind does not
blow directly on the worms. The worms also want plenty of light, but,
as before remarked, must not be exposed to the direct rays of the sun.
Of course the size of the cocoonery will want to be regulated by the
number of worms to be fed. It is estimated that five hundred thousand
worms will require, for the first age — that is, from hatching until the first
moulting — about one hundred square feet of surface or shelving. For the
second age — from the first to the second moulting — about two hundred
square feet; for the third age, about four hundred and fifty square feet;
for the fourth age, about eleven hundred square feet- and for the fifth
age, about twent3'-five hundred square feet of surface or shelving. The
space required will be greater or less, in proportion to the greater or less
number of worms to be fed. In Germany, nearly every farm-house is
devoted to the purposes of a cocoonerj^ during the feeding season, and
in many cases this same practice may be adopted here, especially where
the house is large and the number of worms to be fed is small.
HATCHING THE EGGS AND FEEDING THE WORMS.
Now we come to the most delicate and important, as well as most
attractive and interesting portion of the silk culture, and upon the skilful
and successful management of this depantment of the business depends
all its profits, and consequently all the advantages that can be urged in
its favor. To this particular branch, then, I would ask the especial
attention of every beginner. There is nothing intricate or difficult
about feeding and taking care of the worms and making a sure crop of
silk, but there are certain things necessary to be done to insure success,
and these things are necessary to be done at particular times, and they
must absolutely be done at those times. He who would successfuU}- feed
silkworms must have a time for everything and everything in its time.
Having impressed this idea of perfect regularity and certainty upon the
minds of those who propose to feed and care for a family of worms, we
will go at once to the work of hatching them from the eggs.
The eggs having been kept in some place where the thermometer
never rises abave forty-five or fifty degrees, and where they are in no
danger of sweating or becoming mildewed, should be taken out when
262 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
desired to be hatched, and gradually exposed to the heat of the outside
air. A sudden change from cool to very warm atmosphere is consid-
ered detrimental. From the middle of Ma}^ to the first of June is about
the proper time to hatch the first crop in thi.s State, as the rainy season
is general]}' past by that time, and the weather has become sufficiently
warm and settled.
After remaining in a warm atmosphere at this season for five or six
or eight days, the little worms will begin to show themselves, and the
moment they make their appearance they begin to look for food. Place
some tender leaves from the multicaulis on the paper, and they will at
once begin their occupation for life — eating.
At the end of the first day after they begin to hatch, take all the
worms off the paper containing the eggs and place them on separate
papers. This can bo done by removing the mulberry leaves upon which
they are feeding. Do the same thing for about three days. J3y this
time all the eggs that are good and strong are likely to have hatched.
The balance may be thrown away. All hatched the first, second and
third days must be kept sepai'ate, and for this purpose may be marked
first, second and third, b}' a pencil, on the papers containing them. The
object of this division is that you may feed and treat those of the same
age exactly alike. One day's difference in the age of an insect that has
only from twenty to thirty daj'S to live, it must be remembered, is a
good deal. And especially is this the case with the silkworm, which, in
that short period of time, goes through five different and distinct periods
of existence. The transformation from one of these periods to another
consist in shedding the skin, or, in other words, laj'ing off the old gar-
ment. These changes are called moultings. While undergoing any one
of these five changes, which occupies from twenty to twenty-four hours,
dependent on the health and vigor of the worm, they will not eat, nor
must the}' be fed or in any manner disturbed. In this fact will be seen
the reason for keej^ing each day's hatching separate; for when the first
day's hatching is five days old the}' begin their first moulting, and if the
second day's hatching are mixed with them the latter are not ready to
moult, and require feeding. To do this dist^irbs the forjner and endan-
gers the successful operation of laying off" the old garment, and even
endangers their lives. The same difficulty and danger will occur at each
several moulting. Hence the (jreat necessiii/ of he.vj>b\g them separate. This
is one of the necessities that must he done.
Now we will go back and attend to those little fellows that we took
from the papers containing the eggs and placed upon other papers, and
attend to their wants. Their first and almost only want is Ibod. There
is one thing, however, of almost as much importance to their healthy
existence that they do not want, and that is they do not want to be too
crowded or thick together. For the first few days they require to be fed
on the most tender leaves, which should bo given to them directly from
the tree, perfectly fresh and only a few at a time, removimg them as often
as those la.st given them are consumed. As the worms grow older and
stronger, give them older and stronger leaves. But this rule should
always be most faithfully adhered to : Feed them hut feio at a time, renewing
them a.s often as those last given them are consumed. If this rule bo strictl}''
followed, you will never see wilted or dried leaves, but always fresh
ones, before the worms. There is but one exception to this rule of fresh
leaves, and that occurs on the days of moulting, when, as before remarked,
they should have none. There is no absolute invariable rule as to the exact
age when the several moultings occur, for the reason that the life of the
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 263
worm, from the day of hatching to the spinning. of cocoonf?, depends in
a great degree on the fixvorableness and uniformity' of the weather, and
the frequency and regularity of feeding with fresh food and the quiet
allowed them while moulting. The different varieties of worms also vary
as to the period of their whole lives, as well as to the time between each
moulting. As a general rule, however, under favorable circumstances
the several moultings will occur about as follows: The first moulting
when five days old; the second when nine days old; the third when
fifteen days old; the fourth when twentj^-two daj's old. Whenever the
worm is about to commence moulting, he leaves off eating, attaches him-
self rigidl}' to the most handy thing he finds, and stretches up his head
as if in pain. The fore part of his body increases and the latter part
decreases in size, and the whole body assumes a glossy appearance.
Thus he continues to swell up about the head until the old skin bursts
and slips back towards his tail. He then crawls out of the old skin a
changed being, looking shriveled and gaunt and hungry, and at once
begins to look for his food. When care has been taken to keep only the
worms of the same age together, and they have been fed carefully and
uniformly, all the worms on the same paper, or on the papers of the first
day's hatching, will go through these several moultings at the same time.
And so of the second and third day's hatching. Thus, when one worm
wants to be quiet, and absolutely requires it, so does every other one on
the same paper, and consequently all are gratified — no one crawling over
or disturbing the other. Experience teaches that upon a proper separa-
tion of the several days' hatching depends, as much as upon any other
one thing, the success of a feeding and consequent success of a crop of
silk.
Next to proper care in feeding often and on fresh food, and keeping
the worms of the same age together, it is important, as intimated above,
that they should be properly thinned and spread out over greater sur-
face as they grow larger. They should have room', so as not to be
required to lay one upon the other too much. This is necessar}^, both
for convenience in getting at their food, and is very essential to the
healthful growth and maturity of the worm. Besides the exercise of
judgment, assisted by the appearance of the worms themselves, it may
be well to be guided in thinning them out by the rules laid down in this
article as to the space required for five hundred thousand worms in the
several ages. To make this subject familiar, I will repeat here the space
required for that number of worms, in connection with the amount of
food they will require for consumption during each of the several ages:
Five hundred thousand worms, for the first age, should be allowed one
hundred square feet of surface, and it is estima'ed that during this age,
or the first five days of their existence, they will consume one hundred
and twenty-five pounds of leaves. During the second age, or the next
four days of their lives, they should occupy about two hundred square
feet of surface, and will consume three hundred and seventj'-five pounds
of leaves. During the third age — from nine to fifteen days old — they
should occupy about four hundred and fifty feet of surface, and will con-
sume eleven hundred and fifty pounds of leaves. During the fourth age
— from fifteen to twenty-two days old — they should occupy one thousand
one hundred feet of surface, and will consume three thousand four hun-
dred and seventy-five pounds of leaves. During the filth and last age
— from twenty-two to thirty two days old, the age of going to spinning
— they should occupy two thousand five hundred square feet of surface,
and will consume nineteen thousand eight hundred and seventy-five
264 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
pounds, or about two t,liou8an(l pounds or one ton per day — making in
all about t\vent3'-five thousand pounds, or twelve and one half tons, of
leaves. It will be seen i)y the above statement that, wliile the worms
occupy but little space and eat but little during the first half of their
lives, they spread out rapidly and eat voraciously during the last half.
Consequently, while the work of feeding and attending to them is light
during the first three ages, or first half of their existence, it becomes
very considerable during the last two ages.
These considerations have led, of late 3'ears, in most countries where
to economize labor is desirable, to the adoption of what Mr. Prevost
stjdes the California mode of feeding. After the first two moultings,
when tiie worms begin to move about pretty easil}', instead of ])icking the
leaves one by one from the tree and feeding them to the worms on a
flat surface, you take your pruning shears and horse and wagon and go
into your plantations, cultivated in dwarf form as heretofore indicated,
beginning at one side of the field and clipping off a portion of the straight
shoots from each tree as you follow the rows back and forth, throw them
by the armfull into the wagon until you have gathei'cd the required quan-
tity for one feeding, and drive to the cocoonery. Taking an armful of
these branches, you lay down four in the form of a square on each paper
containing worms. The worms gather along the branches and devour
the leaves. The next feeding you proceed in the same waj-, laying the
branch each succeeding feeding on those before laid on; thus you build
up a little square pen for each collection of worms all through your
cocoonery. The worms work up from the stripjjed to the fresh branches,
and in this way they are raised from the flat surface, where they are
necessarily in contact with their own off'al and filth, up into the air
above it. This mode of feeding has many advantages, both in the man-
ner of cultivating the mulberry tree in plantations as dwarfs, to which it
has led, and in the feeding of the worms. First — You can gather the
food much easier 'and faster. Second — You can produce much more to
the acre than by the old orchard style of standard trees.
First — The greater facility of handling a given quantity of food.
Second — The greater length of time the leaves thus adhering to the
branches will remain fresh.
Third — It gives the worms a freer circulation of air, keeps them clean,
and consequently more health}' and vigorous.
1 have heretofore omitted speaking df the number of times worms
should be fed dui-ing the twent^'-four houi'S. Some say eight, some say
ten, and so on, but I would lav down no absolute rule, but would say,
keep some fresh food constantl}' within the ea.sy reach of tliem all —
night and day. Adapt the artificial feeding, as near as you can, to their
mode of eating in a state of nature on the living and growing tree. In
this, after all, is the great secret of success. Study to adapt every oper-
ation connected with the cocoonery, and the treatment and feeding of
the worms, as near as 3"0U can, to their wild nature. Keep the building
clean and sweet; let no other smell be perceptible but that of the fresh
mulberr}- leaves; raise no dust; make no noise; move about quietly;
give them their food carefull3^ Indeed, let them go through all their
changes and transformations as though in the quiet recesses of their
native forests, only protecting them from the excesses of nature which
are injurious to them — such as exposure to the ra^'s of the mid-da}' sun,
to the storms of wind or rain, to the flashes of lightning or peals of
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, 265
tininder. Also protcctin<:r them from their natural enemies, such as
birds, rats, mice and ants.
In moving the worms from one place to another, in order to thin or
spread them out, never touch or handle them. While feeding them with
leaves, when 3-ou want to separate them, put on a few fresh leaves, and
as soon as they are well covered with worms take hold of a leaf care-
fully, and lifting it up slowl}-, lay it down on the place to which you
wish to remove it. The same way when you want to remove all the
worms from any given place or paper for the purpose of throwing out
the litter — the stems and oflful of the worms. This should be done at
least every other day while feeding on the flat surface, with leaves To
separate them after they have commenced feeding with branches, move
the branches lately put on while the worms, or a portion of them, adhere
to them. And when you wish to throw out the litter and offal, take
hold carefully, lifting up the pen or top portion of it; let another person
empty off the litter into a basket or sack.
Immediately after the worms have fully finished moulting, they should
all be removed from the place where they have deposited their skins,
as these become very offensive and injurious to them.
SPINNING COCOONS.
When the worm is within three or four days of its spinning time it
has acquired its greatest size and most ravenous appetite and formi-
dable appearance. From" this time until it begins its cocoon it seems to
lose its appetite and diminish in size and weight. It also from that time
graduall}- changes its color from a rank greenish white to a light pearly
yellow, and generall}' to assume the appearance of maturity. The last
three or four hours before going to spinning it becomes in a degree
translucent, and its skin about the neck becomes somewhat wrinkled.
It becomes i-estless and uneasy, frequentlj' raising its head as if to reach
something; and if it eats at all at this time it does so daintily, as if feed-
ing on dessert. These signs admonish the keeper to prepare for the
harvest — if not a golden, certainly a silken harvest. At this stage the
■worm begins to hunt some nook or corner out of sight, ih which to
wind its body in a silken shroud, and the sooner it can find a suitable
place to suspend or fasten its cocoon the more perfect and complete that
cocoon will be made, and the more valuable will be the harvest to be
gathered. Hence it is very important that good provision be promptly
supplied in which the worms cam all spin their cocoons. Many plans
for this purpose have been invented. The best — or such as combine the
qualities of economy , cleanliness and adaption to the seeming fancy or real
wants of the worm — should be adopted. Common wild mustard, cut
just before the maturity of the seed, and the branches brought together
and tied at the top, and laid between or set up inside the pens of
branches upon which the worms have been feeding, is very good. Also
boughs of willow, or any other small and bushy twigs, similarly pre-
pared, may be used; but clean wheat straw, cut off good length and tied
up at each end, in bunches of three and four inches in diameter, and
then pressed longitudinally so as to make a bulge in the centre of the
bunch, is about the best plan for this countrj^, as it can be obtained
everywhere, and the worms seem to like it as well as anything. It has
thie advantage, that the cocoons are easily gathered from it, and with
very little loss of floss silk — no dirt adhering to the cocoons.
34
266 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
After the worm commences the cocoon, it must not in any manner be
disturbed, and if allowed to proceed unmolested it will finish in from
three to five daj's. In from six to eight days after the cocoons are
formed they should be gathered, and all except those selected for hatch-
ing, must be exposed for three or four days to the direct rays of the sun,
to kill the chrysalis within. It will be well to expose them longer, so as
to be sure to completely drj^ up or evaporate the fluids or 'moist sub-
stances of the chrysalis — otherwise there is danger of injuring the silk,
b}'- staining it with the putrid matter of the decaj-ing chrysalis. It is
also important that this chrysalis be thoroughl}^ dried, to prevent the
bad smell that would otherwise be emitted from the cocoons when stored
away, and also to prevent their heating. If you are prepared to reel
the cocoons at home, this work may be now commenced ; or if the
cocoons are to be sold, they are now ready for market. But in any event
it must be remembered that mice will destroy the cocoons if not kept
out of their reach. So fond are mice of the chr^'salis that one mouse in
a very short time will destroy hundreds of dollars worth of cocoons.
PRODUCING EGGS.
Before exposing the cocoons to the sun, if it be desired to save any
eggs for the reproduction of the worms, cocoons must be selected for
this purpose and placed in any convenient place for hatching out the
moth or miller. In order that the size and vigor of the Avorm may be
continued or improved from generation to generation, it is important
that only the very best cocoons should be chosen for propagating the
species. Select the largest and most regularlj" formed, and as near as
may be an equal number of male and female. The cocoon from which a
male moth will hatch is generally smaller than that containing the
female, and is depressed in the middle and more pointed at each end,
while that of tlie female is more oval or egg shaped, and blunt at each
end. All the floss or loose silk should be carefull}' stripped from the
cocoons thus selected, that it ma}" not entangle the moths when they
come out. If the weather is warm and favorable, the tnoth eats its way
out of the cocoon in about twelve days after it is completed.
Immediately after emerging, the male seeks the female for the pur-
pose of pairing. And as the reproducing qualities of the eggs from which
you are to propagate the species depends entirely on the operation, it
becomes important that every female be paired with a male, and the
sooner this is done after she comes ouf of the cocoon the better, as the
more sure will she be to become properly impregnated. If left alone,
there being a large number of males and females all mixed promiscu-
ously together, it is not probable that more than two-thirds of the
females will be properly paired with a male, and hence a large number
of your eggs would be valueless. Hence, then, is woi-k necessary to be
done, and done thoroughly and at the proper time. The moths gener-
ally come out of the cocoons in the morning, before nine o'clock each
day, in about the same order that the worms commence spinning cocoons.
Hence, when you see the first moths, you must make it a regular stated
business to be on hand about half-past .eight each morning, and first pick
out all the moths that are coupled, b}' taking carefully hold of the wings
of each and lay them one side on a paper, being careful not to separate
them. When you have removed all that are coupled, pair each fenialo
not already paired with a male, and lay them one side in like manner.
When they have remained -together about six hours, you 'must just as
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 267
punctually be on hand and separate them. Taking hold of the wings of
the male with oho hand and those of the female Avith the other, pull
them slow!}' and carefully apart. You have no further use for the male
unless, as sometimes is the case, there should be a greater number of
females the next morning than males. To meet such a contingency, it
is prudent to keep some of them over by putting them" in a box, which
cover over to keep them in, giving them plenty of air. Lay the females
on soft paper of uniform size and thickness, such as you want them to
deposit their eggs upon. Very soon after being separated from the male
the female exudes a drop of yellowish matter, which will stain the paper,
and in order to have your cax'ds of eggs look clean and tidy, it is well to
keep a sort of common blo4ter, on which all the females may be laid
until they have freed themselves of this filthy substance, and then
remove them to the egg card. This having been done, the female com-
mences her last act — depositing her eggs. They laj' on an average
about three hundred apiece, and they will lay nearly all of these between
the time of separating, say at two o'clock p. m. and dusk. The eggs laid
during this period are generally considered the best and most vigorous,
and that they may be kept separate, it is well at this time to transfer all
the females to other cards, on which to deposit the balance of their eggs.
Mark the first cards No. 1. and the cards on which the moths lay the
balance of their eggs mark No. 2 ; and if j^our worms be of the annual
variety, or if they be of the trivoltine variety, and you do not want to
produce another crop of worms the same season, lay them into a box,
Avhich with care fasten up so as to keep the mice out, and put them
in a dry, cool place to winter over. If they be of the trivoltine variety
it is safest to put them in an ice house, especially if it be not as late in
the fall as October. This variety will not generally batch later than
this month. A tin or zinc box, perforated with holes so as to give the
eggs plenty of air, is the best. This same routine of pairing and sepa-
rating the moths and securing the eggs must be gone through with each
day, until all the moths have come out of the cocoons and laid their
eggs. Having performed these last acts and left their eggs behind them
for the propagation of their species, having, as it were, outlived their
usefulness, the moths, both male and female, die a natural death. If
your worms are of the trivoltine or polyvoltine variety, and you wish to
produce another crop of silk in the same season — and in this State three
crops in a season may successfully be raised — you have but to let your
eggs remain in a warm place, and in about eight days they will hatch,
and you can conduct the worms- through the same process again and
reap another harvest of cocoons. I should have mentioned that the
room in which the moths come out of the cocoons, are paired and lay
their eggs, should be kept somewhat dark; especially should it be dark
while the moths are paired, or they will become separated before the
proper time. The male moth is of a darker color, smaller and more
active than the female.
268 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
•CULTURE OF THE GRAPE.
REPORT AND MEMORIAL PRESENTED TO THE SENATE OF CALIFORNIA, AT
ITS EIGHTEENTH SESSION, BT THE COMMITTEE ON CULTURE OF THE GRAPE.
Your Committee on the Culture of the Grape, realizing that the sub-
ject matter intrusted to them concerned one of the most vital interests
of California, have given it careful consideration, in all its bearings, and
as the result of their deliberations, beg leave to present the following
report, together with the accompanying concurrent resolution and
memorial to Congress :
REPORT.
Perhaps no other country on the globe, and certainly no other portion
of the American continent, is so well adapted, in all respects, to the
successful and profitable cultivation of the grape, as the State of Cali-
fornia, which, indeed, seems as it were, to be the natural home of the
grape, where it grows readily, from cuttings, upon the most arid hill-
sides, and without irrigation.
The culture of the grape gives more employment to labor than any
other branch of farming, and its development will tend greatly to the
rapid peopling of our State with immigrants from among the honest,
industrious and moral natives of the wine growing districts of Europe.
To the immigrant who comes to California without means, with the
expectation of a dependence upon farm labor for support, the districts
devoted solelj- to the culture of the cereals offer small inducements; for,
while the demand for labor is comparatively great and the pay liberal,
for a short period during the rush of gathering and harvesting the crop,
it is succeeded b}^ a long interval of inaction, when there is little or no
need of hired labor, and the emplo^'e is turned adrift, perhaps to suffer
from want before another job offers; besides, in our country, where the
use of labor-saving machinery in agriculture is so universal, the demand
for manual labor is comparatively small, and is decreasing every yci\r.
This is not the case in vine culture; the careful planting and annual
pruning of the vines, and the gathering of the ripened fruit, can only be
done by the employment of human hands.
The growing of the grape is not in conflict with an}- other branch of
agricultural industry, but can be made auxiliary to nearly all other kinds
of farm labor, as for example: if you raise grain, your seeding is over
before the labor of pruning the vine commences, and at the time of
grain harvest there is little or no work required in the vineyard; and if
the cultivation of the mulberry and feeding the silkworm should prove
a success in California, its prosecution will present no conflict with the
vintage work. And in a country blessed with so genial a climate and
fruitful a soil as California,* where all these several oranches of agricul-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 269
tural industry — grain growing, stock raising, vine culture, and rearing
the silkworm — can successfully be blended together and practiced in the
same district, skilled and willing labor can find an abundant field, with
continuous employment, at remunerative wages the 3'ear round. Let
this fact be known to the world, and this alone will do more to encourage
and induce immigration hither than any proposed expensive scheme of
"Immigrant Aid Societies," with State appropriations, which, at best,
will go no farther than to paj' the travelling expenses of the immigrant
to our State, and then leave him destitute, a stranger in a strange land,
with no branch of industry provided for him wherein he may labor and
acquire the necessaries of life.
A large portion of California, in its present condition, is neither useful
nor ornamental, ^bearing no green trees, and 3-ielding no pasture for
grazing purposes; yet, how valuable and ornamental could nearly the
whole — of what is to-day, so unseemly — be made, by planting vines and
fruit trees.
Meteorologists tell us, that by planting trees and shading the dry
ground, the moisture of the atmosphere is increas>ed and more rain pro-
duced; and surely California, with her long, dry, torrid summers, needs
all the advantages which would accrue from having her barren lands
cultivated and her hillsides covered with verdure, thus increasing the
supply of rain, and materially benefiting the grain grower and grazer.
The vine, even when growing upon the thin, and almost ai^d soil of
the mountain slopes, does not suffer from drought, as do the grain crops
of the valleys below; indeed, it is to the vineyards, upon these other-
wise barren and desolate hillsides, that we must look lor our most deli-
cate and finest flavored wines and brandies. Neither does the cultivation
of the grape exhaust the soil as the cereals do; there are vineyards in
Los Angeles said to be one hundred years old, which still bear full crops
every year.
Much of the soil of California is only suitable to the growing of fruits.
In order to make fruit grovving a success, it is necessary to grow all of
the various varieties to which our soil and climate may be adapted; the
most important of which, for general culture, is the grape, of its various
kinds. Nor can fruit growing be made a success without, to some
extent, using the still, as there is always a considerable portion of the
crop that must be distilled, or suffered to go entirely to waste.
In order to get our people to plant vines, and enter with spirit into
the development of this leading interest of California, the General Gov-
ernment must be induced to pursue a different ])olicy toward the grape
interest from that which jit present prevails; it must call awa}^ from the
vine grower the lynx-eyed Tax Collector, with his red tape snares, ever
ready to pounce upon the unwary and seize and confiscate, not only the
still and machinery, and crop on hand, but even the land whereon the
still stands, and the house wherein it is located (even though it be the
homestead), and all this because of some technical violation of a law, so
obscure in its meaning and so conflicting in its provisions as to be be3^ond
the ordinary comprehension of the humble wine-maker, and which even
the Government ofiicial himself, who makes the seizure, cannot intelli-
gibly explain.
The presence of a vineyard greatly adorns and beautifies the surround-
ings of the homestead, giving it a bright and cheerful aspect, which
yields a continual feast of beauty for the eye, and fills the heart with a
sense of quiet happiness and content, strengthening the love of home
and the simple enjoyments of rural life.
270 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
It is the universal remark of observant travellers through the vine-
lands of the world, that no communities are so contented, and happy,
and domestic, in their tastes and habits, or so strongly attached to home,
kindred and country, as the dwellers among the vineyards.
Every California farmer should natural!}^ desire a vineyard, and would
do so, if the Government afforded them proper protection in that branch
of industry; whereas, now, every man who has planted vines in years
past wishes that he had not done so, as he feels that in working up its
small produce he is exposing himself to arrest, and his machinery and
crops to confiscation, and liable to have himself and family turned adrift
upon the world as criminals.
A. more iniquitous and ruinous system to our State could not have
been devised b}- the shrewdest and most implacable of her enemies.
The interest of the State, and of the General Government also, would
be better served by relieving the fruit growers from the onerous burden
of being placed upon the same footing, and subject to the same rules
and regulations with their stills, as the grain and malt distillers; their
cases are by no means analagous, for, with the latter, distilling is their
sole business, generally employing their entire capital and time ;
whereas, with the fruit grower, distilling is merely incidental to his
vocation as a horticulturist, enabling him to save a portion of his ripened
and perishable crop, which would else be wholly lost to him and to the
market.
The General Government would gain more revenue by giving the fruit
distillers exemption than it will by its preaent policy. The consumption
of those articles that pay duties would be more gain to the Government
than the small taxes now collected, after deducting the heav}- expendi-
ture of keeping up the army of officials necessary to watch every little
vineyard.
In a few j^ears, if the grape and fruit interest could have that protec-
tion or exemption so essential to foster and encourage it (which should
be the true wisdom and policy of the Government), the shipping of wines,
brandies, raisins and other fruits, from this State, would be a source of
pride, not only to Californians, but to every Americai^ '
Your committee have not deemed it necessary to enlarge upon the
various kinds of wine made in our State, or their relative merits; nor
the manner of rearing the grape and manufiicturing wines and brandies
therefrom, all of which have hitherto been largely treated of in Cali-
fornia, and books upon the subject are open to the study of any desiring
information on the subject.
Perhaps it would not be out of place for your committee to mention
in this report the fact that their attention has been called to an improved
process of distilling brandy from the grape, discovered by Mr.
Johnson, of Coloma, whereby he has succeeded in separating the brandy
almost entirely from the fusil oil, thus rendering it more palatable and
wholesome, and greatly enhancing its value as an article of commerce
Your committee respectfully submit the foregoing report, and beg
leave to offer the following concurrent resolution, with a recommenda-
tion that it pass :
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION.
Whereas, The existing Internal Revenue Law of the United States is
oppressive and unjust in its operation toward the fruit distilling interest
of California, leading to arrest as a criminal, and working a confiscation
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 271
of the machinery and house and land whereon it is located, for the
slightest technical violation of its stringent provisions, which are so con-
flicting as to bo beyond the simple conipreiiension of the huinblo distiller j
and, whereas, the law, by its sj'stem of rewards to informers and officials
in cases of seizure and sale, acts practically as a bounty upon injustice
and petty tyranny, inasmuch as the officer making the seizure is the
interpreter of tlie law, and passes upon the legality of his own acts, from
which there is no appeal, except at a ruinous expense and loss of time;
and, whereas, the ruling now imposed by the Commissioner of Internal
Revenue regarding a capacity and per diem tax is ruinous and inap-
plicable to the fruit distiller, and prevents the working of light and
inferior wines into brandy, and if persisted in, will effectually destroy
and close the fruit interest of California; therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate, the Assembly' concurring, that our Senators
in Congress be instructed and our Eepresentatives requested to lay the
facts stated in the preceding preamble before that body, and use their
utmost endeavors for the repeal of the said law, or such a modification
of it as will exempt fruit distillers from its provisions, as applied to malt
and grain distillers.
Resolved, That his Excellency Governor Haight be requested to furnish
a copy of the foregoing resolution to each of our Senators and Repre-
sentatives in Congress.
WILSON, Chairman.
272 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
BEET ROOT SUGAR.
DEVELOPMENT OF BEET EOOT SUGAE INDUSTRY.
This industry is exciting so much interest at this time, that we feel
called upon to place before the agriculturists of the State all the inform-
ation obtainable. We therefore make the following extracts from the
Eeport of the United States Commissioner to the Paris Exposition on
this subject. It will be found valuable and interesting. We would give
the process of manufacture, but it could not be rendered intelligible
without a large number of drawings for illustration. We are therefore
compelled to omit this part of the report :
HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATION OF THE BEET FOR SUGAR.
The history of the manufacture of sugar from the beet is one of the
most interesting and instructive in the annals of industrial arts.
Although it comprises a period of little more than fifty years, its growth
has been marked by rapid strides, and in many European countries the
manufacture of sugar, which had hitherto been considered a monopoly
of the tro])ics, is firmly established, and bids fair to become one of the
most stable and productive industries Founded by Napoleon a little
more than half a century ago, it was subjected in its infancy to the evils
of adverse and hostile legislation. Like other grand creations of that
man of genius, however, it survived his downfall; for a long time appar-
ently forgotten, yet still remaining, though in obscurtty, in a corner of
France, till called lo fulfil the destiny for which it was created. At last,
however, placed on a more secure footing, this manufacture has been
carried on with constantly increasing production, at aconstantlj' decreas-
ing cost, till it has assumed its present proportions, and may be reckoned
among the most important of Euroj)ean industries.
In seventeen hundred and forty-seven, Margraff, a Prussian chemist,
read before the Academy of Berlin his mumoir on the existence of a
sugar in the beet identical with that in the cane. It was not, however,
until fourteen years after this that this discovery found its first applica-
tion. Achard. another chemist of Berlin, republished the discoveries of
Margraff. and it is to his indefatigable industry and perseverance that we
owe the first practical methods used in the manufacture of beet sugar.
From seventeen hundred and eighty-nine to seventeen hundred and
ninety-six, Achard devoted himself to the culture of the beet and experi-
ments in sugar making at his farm at Caulsdoiff, near Berlin, at the end
of which time, with the- assistance of the Government, he founded at
Kunern, in Silesia, a manufactory which proved to be successful, and
was soon followed l)y the erection of two other similar establishments.
This was the origin of the manufacture which is today represented by
80 many C8tablishn)ents in France and in various parts of Europe.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 273
The results of the hibors of Achard were published in seventeen hun-
dred and ninety-seven. The Annales de Chimie, in seventeen hundred
and ninety-nine, contained a letter from him, in which he described the
processes used by him in tlie manufacture of beet sugar, and the cost of
the manufactured article. In the same letter he also forcibly presented
the advantages which would result to agriculture by the introduction of
this new industr}'.
The political situation in Europe was at this time singulai'ly favorable
to the discoveries of Achard. France desired to be freed from the com-
mercial monopoly of England, and to reduce the high price of sugar
which the war with that power had caused.
Experience in France did not, however, confirm the brilliant results
which had been announced. The Commission appointed by the Institute
to inquire into this matter reported the cost of the new product at one
franc eighty centimes, instead of sixty centimes, the price announced by
Achard. Two manufactories which had been established near Paris
suspended operations, and by their failure threw great discredit upon
this industry, which has achieved its present success only after many
years of patient and persistent endeavor.
In eighteen hundred and ten, the report of Mr. Deyeux, Avhich was
read betbre the Academy of Sciences, again called the attention of the
public to the advantages which would result from the manufacture of
beet sugar. Cane sugar had at this time reached an exorbitant price,
being three francs per half kilogram, equal to about sixty cents per
pound. The attention of the French Grovernment was also called to this
subject, and some specimens of sugar were presented .to the Emperor
Napoleon.
The feasibility of the manufacture of sugar from the beet having been
established, there needed to be but a favorable opportunity to secure to
France the possession of this industry.
By the decree of March twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and eleven, the
Emperor ordered that thirty-two thousand hectares of land should be
devoted to the culture of the beet, and one million francs were placed at
the disposal of the Minister of Interior for encouraging this industry.
Instructions were sent to all the departments, and a new decree, under
the date of January fifteenth, eighteen hundred and twelve, established
five schools of chemistry, where the processes used in this manufacture
were taught. Two million kilograms of raw sugar were also produced
in the four imperial factories, from the harvest of eighteen hundred and
twelve.
The manufacture was further encouraged by granting five hundred
manufacturers' licenses, and by decreeing that all indigenous sugar
should be exempt from taxation for four years.
The political crisis of eighteen hundred and fourteen was a terrible
blow to this new industry, and caused the failure of all the manufac-
turers but one. In December of eighteen hundred and fourteen, how-
ever, under an impost of about three and one-third cents per pound,
while that of foreign sugar was five cents per pound, the industry
revived. New and more effective methods of manufacture were intro-
duced, and sixty or seventy per cent, of juice was realized, instead of
fift}'' or sixty per cent., the amount obtained by the older processes. The
yield of sugar at this time was from three to four per cent., the yield of
molasses five per cent., and the cost of manufacture about seven cents
35
274 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
l^er pound. From this time till eighteen hundred and thirty, the progress
made was as rapid as it was great. In eighteen hundred and twenty-
two the yield of sugar was about five per cent., and the cost of manu-
facture five and a half cents per jiound. The amount produced at this
time, in one hundred different establishments, was about five thousand
tons.
The introduction of steam power had a m.arked effect upon this indus-
try. In eighteen hundred and thirty-six the number of manufactories
was one hundred and thirty-six. Since eighteen hundred and forty,
though there has been a constant struggle between the cane growers
of the French colonies and the beet growers of France, the amount of
beet sugar produced in France has doubled every ten years.
In eighteen hundred and sixty-five and eighteen hundred and sixty-
six, the production of beet sugar bad reached two hundred and seventy-
four millions of kilograms, an amount more than sufficient to supply
home consumption without recourse to the French colonies.
In eighteen hundred and thirty the average annual consumption of
sugar in France per each person was about two pounds, of which the
beet sugar manufacture produced about nine per cent.
In eighteen hundred and sixty-five the average consumption was four-
teen pounds per each person, the beet sugar manufacture supplying suf-
ficient for that amount.
The rapid growth and development of this industry throughout Europe
forms one of the most interesting spectacles of the present century, and
the economic, social and industrial questions to which it has given
rise, have attracted the attention and monopolized the labors of the
leading minds of the countries in which it has been established. The
beet has found its supporters and adherents in the cabinets of kings, the
academies of science, in agricultural societies and farmers' clubs, in the
machine shop, and in the peasants' cottage. No other industry of mod-
ern times has so succe8sfull3- harmonized the agricultural and manufac-
turing interests which have heretofore been regarded as inimical to each
other, or has originated and supported so many subservient and minor
interests. The manufacture of sugar has been established and success-
fully carried on in Prussia, Austria, Eussia, Holland, thc*Zollverein, Bel-
gium, Poland and Sweden. The total amount of sugar produced in
these countries, and in France, is six hundred and thirty thousand tons
per annum. Except in the eeaboard towns of France none other than
beet sugar is used ; the same is true also of Germany, none but beet
sugar is consumed in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Dresden, Leipsic or Munich.
The average yield of sugar for the past eight years has been over eight
per cent., and of molasses about two and forty one-hundredths per cent.
The reduction of the i)rice of sugar effected by means of the substitu-
tion of power for hand labor, and the introduction of new and useful
machines and processes is illustrated by the following table,* Siiowing
the average prices, exclusive of duties, of number twelve raw sugar in
Paris, from eighteen hundred and sixteen to eighteen hundred and sixty-
five, inclusive, omitting the period from eighteen hundred and twenty-
eight to eighteen hundred and fifty-four, during which time the price
graduall3' fell :
» Vide Beet-root Sugar and Cultivation of the Beet, by E. B. Grant, Boston, ISfiT, p. 19.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 275
Tahle slioxcintj the gradual reduction of the price of beet sugar.
1816
12.5
11.6
12.1
11.6
10.8
10.8
7.8
8.6
10.3
9.9
10.3
9.9
9.9
5.8
6.0
6.4
7.6
5.6
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
4.75
cents.
1817
cents.
1818
cents.
1819
cents.
1820
cents.
1821
certs.
1822
cents.
1823
cents.
1824
cents.
1825
cents.
cents.
1827
cents.
1828
cents.
1854
cents.
1855
cents.
cents.
1857
cents.
cents.
1859
cents.
I860
cents.
1861
cents.
1862
cents.
1863
cents.
1864
cents.
1865
cents.
cents.
According to the same authority the total production of sugar in the
world is not far from two millions eight hundred thousand tons, in the
following proj)ortions :
Total production of sugar from all sources.
Kind of sugar.
Percentage.
Amount.
Sugar cane
71.42
22.50
5.00
1.08
Tons.
2,000,000
Beet
630,000
Palm
140,000
Maple r
30,000
Totals
100.00
2,800,000
Thus it will be seen that the beet furnishes nearly one-quarter of the
sugar produced in the world.
A recent French writer thus observes :*
* M. Bureau, Rapports du Jury International, Exposition Universelle de 1867, Vol. XI, p. 284.
276 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
" This industry has not failed to perform the promises of its youth,
and has justified, b}'' its rapid development, the most enthusiastic hopes
of its founders. France, in the possession of the beet, has become the
fortunate rival of the most flourishing sugar colonies, which she has not
only surpassed by the progress made in manufacture, but also in pro-
duction, which is not inferior in importance to that of the Jsland of
Cuba."
The same author remarks that in the large increase in the consump-
tion of sugar is to be seen a solution of the difficulties which have
existed so long between the cane and the beet sugar manufacturer, and
the eventual harmonizing of these discordant interests. This increase
also betokens an advanced degree of comfort and a higher scale of living
throughout the entire population.
Political economists recommend the liberal use of this article, and by
so doing throw their influence on the side of the consumers, whose
interest it is to eff'ect the abolition or great dimunition of the imposts
and duties at present in force, the proper adjustment of which presents
so many difficulties to the statesman.
PRESENT CONDITION OF THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY.
Since the establishment of the beet sugar industry, in eighteen hun-
dred and twelve, it has spread very rapidly over all continental Europe,
and at the present time in most of those countries is placed on a perma-
nent and secure footing. It is to be found in Austria, Russia, Prussia,
Germany, Belgium and Holland, and its introduction into England is
seriously discussed. This shows a remarkable change of feeling in that
country in regard to this industry, for no other nation was so strongly
opposed to the introduction of the manufacture of sugar into France
as England, or contributed so much to defeat this object and bring
this industry, then in its infancy, into ridicule.
It is proposed to give a brief account of the present condition of this
industry in the different countries of Europe, and to enuinerate some of
the benefits which have resulted from its inti'oduction.
We will commence with France, for in that country the manufiicture
of beet sugar is carried on more scientificall}' and successfully than in
any other part of Europe.
France.
Although the discovery of the existence of a crystallizable sugar in
the beet is due to Prussian invention and intellect, jci the successful
application of the discovery is due to the genius and perseverance of
French manufacturers, stimulated by the assistance and approval of
the Grovernment, and by that feeling of patriotic pride which finds its
expression in the workshop as well as in the battalion. The varied for-
tunes which beset this new industry' have been already noticed. It had
spread since its foundation to many places in P^'rance, and in eighteen
hundred and thirty-six was to be found in active operation in thirtj'-
seven departments, the number of factories being four hundred and
thirty-six, although the production did not exceed forty million kilo-
grams. The law of eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, by which a
duty of fifteen francs per one hundred kilograms was imposed upon indi-
genous sugar, caused sixty-six manufactories to suspend work, and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
277
drove the cultivation of the beet from seventeen departments. It was
witii the utmost difficulty that this industry could be maintained in the
northern departments, a country where agriculture flourished, labor was
abundant and fuel cheap. Subsequently the improvements in agricul-
ture, tl>e establishment of canals and railroads, and the consequent
decrease in the cost of transportation, caused this industry to be again
established in many localities, although the north still remains the prin-
cipal seat of this manufacture.
The following table from the report of M. Dureau, shows the number
of factories in each department of France, and their production for the
years eighteen hundred and sixty-six and eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven :*
Production of beet sugar in France for the years eighteen hundred and sixty-six
and eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.
Department.
No. of
factories
Production in
kilograms.
Aisne
Nord
Oise
Pas-de-Calais
Somme
Other departments
Total
80
39,172,464
160
77,922,287
32
16,813,646
76
35,446,974
55
21,731.431
38
22,767,875
441
216,854,677
" In the Department of the Aisne this industry is centered, particularly
in the Arrondissement of St. Quentins Lao.n and Soissons. In the
Department of the Nord, the Arrondissements of Valenciennes, Lille,
Douai, and Cambria, contain the greatest number of manufactories, par-
ticularly the first two mentioned. In the Pas-de-Calais there arc the
factories of Arras and Bethune ; in the Somme, those of Peronne and of
Montdidier; in the Oise, those of Compiegne and Senlis. Although the
amount of beet sugar manufactured has largely increased since eighteen
hundred and thirty-seven, the number of factories is less, and but twenty-
four departments, instead of thirty-seven, as then, enjoy the benefits of
this industr3^ In the Department of the Noi-d alone can it be said that,
with but few exceptions, this industry has attained all that can be
attained. The manufactories are numerous throughout the whole depart-
ment; each commune has three or four establishments, and in some
places the smoke from the chimneys of sixteen or seventeen factories can
be seen on the horizon."
The following abstract from an article published during the Exhibi-
tion shows in a striking manner the importance which this industry has
attained in some of the districts of France. f
* Rapports du Jury International, Vol. XI, p. 287.
I Exposition Illustree, Vol. II, p. 28.
278 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
" Official returns show that the Arrondissement of Valenciennes pro-
duced, from ciji^hteen hundred and sixty-four to eighteen hundred and
sixty-six, one hundred and fifty-one million ninety-six thousand six hun-
dred and seventy kilograms of molasses, and from eighteen hundred and
fiftj^-three to eighteen hundred and sixty-six, nine hundred and fifty-
three thousand five hundred and twenty hectolitres of alcohol. During
the same period the sugar factories consumed nearly six milliards of
kilograms of beets, a large part of which was produced in the neigh-
boring districts and sent here to be manufactured. The immense plan-
tations of this arrondissement, which formerly sent the whole crop to
the sugar factories, now send a large part of it to the distilleries, and
the great factories and refineries are forced to call upon the neighboring
arrondissements for the supplj^ necessary to keep their works in opera-
tion. This, however, does not seem to have aifected the manufacture of
sugar, for the Arrondissement of Valenciennes has exported during the
last eight years nearly fifteen millions of raw sugar.
'• This district contains sixty-four factories, which furnish occupation
during the winter season, when no other employment can be obtained,
to seven thousand men, two thousand seven hundred and fifty women,
and two thousand six hundred and seventy children of both sexes. The
wages paid to these operatives for the one hundred and twenty days
work, which is the length of the sugar-making season, amounts to three
million two hundred and fifty thousand francs. It to this amount is
added the sum of eight hundred thousand francs paid for agricultural
labor, the sum of four million francs is reached, which is paid as wages
in this industry annually. The sugar fiictories produce annuall^'six mill-
ion two hundred and sixty-one thousand kilograms of sugar, one million
six hundred and twenty-one thousand seven hundred kilograms of molas-
ses, and twenty-four million nine hundred and ninety thousand kilograms
of pulp. They make use of numerous steam engines, whose aggregate
power amounts to one thousand horses. Finally, this industrj^ has,
daring the last ten years, paid for local taxes the sum of eighty thousand
francs, while all the other industries of the arrondissement combined
have contributed less than ninety thousand francs." •
In those departments into which the cultivation of the beet and the
manufacture of sugar have been lately introduced, the newest processes
and best machinery are to be seen. The size and productive power of
the factories have generall}- been increased, and the average production,
which in eighteen hundred and thirty-six was ninety thousand kilograms
per each factory, at the present time has reached as high as five hun-
dred thousand kilograms, and in some cases, that of the largest estab-
lishments, one million five hundred thousand kilograms. Theamount of
sugar usually extracted is from five and sixty one-hundredths to six per
cent. An establishment, therefore, producing one million five hundred
thousand kilograms of sugar, would "work up from twenty-five thousand
to thirty thousand tons of beets, which, basing the production at forty
kilograms per hectare, would require from six hundred and fifty to seven
hundred and fifty hectares under cultivation. The average amount of
land under cultivation for each factory is from two hundred and fift}' to
three hundred hectares, which is as much as can be economically worked,
owing to the difficulty of transporting the beets to the factory.
The aggregate amount of steam power employed in tiiis industry is
6'ghty-cight thousand horses, estimating a two hundred horse power
engine to each factory.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. .279
The amount of land under beet cultivation in France, at the present
time, is estimated to be one hundred and ten thousand hectares. In
eighteen hundred and tifty-seven, ten years ago, it was only fifty-two
thousand hectares.
The price of raw sugar at the present time in France is from sixty-
one to seventy francs per one hundred kilograms. To this must bo added
the duty, which, on beet root sugar is fort^'-two francs per one hundred
kilograms, and on French colonial sugar, thirty-seven and a half francs.
After being refined, this sugar sells for one hundred and twenty-five to
one hundred francs per one hundred kilograms, which includes the duty.
The production of beet root sugar in France is over two hundred million
kilograms. About the same amount is imported. The consumption is two
hundred and fifty million kilograms, and the difference is exported, in the
form of refined sugar, to England, Switzerland, America, Algiers, and
other countries.
It will be seen that France nearly supplies her own consumption of
sugar, although (as has before been shown) that consumption has
increased steadily every year.
Germany.
The development of this industry in Germany has been as remarkable
as in France, and its progress has been marked with the same success.
While under the direction of the founder, Achard, who was assisted by
Government patronage, it was represented by two or three establish-
ments, and subsisted until eighteen hundred and fourteen. From that
time till eighteen hundred and thirty, there was very little or no sugar
manufactured in Germany. In eighteen hundred and thirty, measures
were taken to establish this industry, for its development in France proved
that the manufacture of sugar could be profitably carried on in Europe.
Since the establishment of the ZoUverein, this manufacture has been
greatly extended, but within the last eight years, particularly, it has
increased to such an extent as to completely drive foreign sugar from
the market. The factories are unequallj' distributed among the diff*erent
countries of the confederation. The greatest number is to be found in
Prussia, and particularly in Silesia and Saxony, the soil of which is admi-
rably adapted to the cultivation of the beet. The increase of the number
of factories in Prussia is veiy marked. In eighteen hundred and forty,
there were only one hundred and two establishments; in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-five, two hundred and thirty-four.
In the ZoUverein, as in France, the average amount of sugar produced
by each factory has largely increased within the last twenty years, and
the German manufacturers are enabled not only to work up more beets
per day than formerly, but to extract a much larger percentage of sugar,
the average being from five to eight per cent.
This large average yield of sugar, which is so much larger than it is
in France, is one of the results of the different systems of agriculturo
pursued in Germany, which system, in its turn, is due to the manner in
which the tax on the production of sugar is collected. In France the
duty is collected on the amount of sugar produced, and amounts to nearly
forty-four francs per every hundred kilograms. In some instances, how-
ever, the duty is collected on the juice, with the understanding that if
more sugar is produced than estimated, it shall also be liable to the tax.
In other words, the duty is collected on the manufactured article.
In the ZoUverein a ditferent system exists. The tax is levied on the
280 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
beet before it is rasped, at the rate of one and eightN'-seven one-hundredths
francs per each hundred kilograms of roots. When the yield of sugar is
eight per cent., this amounts to a tax of twenty-three and forty-three one-
hundredths francs for eveiy one hundred kilograms of the manufactured
article. If the German manufacturer can extract more than eight per
cent, of sugar from the beet, this increase is not taxed. With this system
it is easily seen that it is the interest of the manufacturer to have only
those beets produced wliich contain the greatest amount of sugar. It is
the custom, also, to cut off from the root, before it passes into the rasp,
all those parts, such as the neck, which contain the smallest amount of
sugar, and in which the salts and nitrogenous matters are more abun-
dant. Such a sj'stem as this does not tend to encourage the agriculture
of the country. The manufacturers, in many cases, insist that certain
manures shall not be used on the land at all, and the land is never
manured previous to raising a crop of beets. The production per hectare
is consequentl}' very much less than it is in France, the average being
only from twenty thousand to twenty-five thousand kilograms. Beets
raised in this manner contain, it is true, much more sugar, but produce
a smaller amount of waste pulp, which is used in other countries to so
great an extent for fodder and manure. In the ZoUverein, the beet is
cultivated for its sugar alone, the object being to produce t*lie greatest
amount of sugar by raising beets of the maximum sweetness. In
France, on the other hand, the beet industr}- is thoroughly agricultural,
and has for its object, not onl}' the production of sugar, but also the
improvement and fertilization of the soil; and upon the successful culti-
vation of this plant the agriculture of many districts depend
The States of the Zollvei-ein have quadrupled their production during
the last fifteen years — one hundred and eighty thousand tons of sugar
having been produced in eighteen hundred atid sixty-five and eighteen
hundred and sixty-six, against fifty-two thousand five hundred and
eight3'-six tons in eighteen hundred and fifty.
The quantity of imported sugar has fallen during the same time from
fifty-two thousand five hundred and sixtj'-eight tons to twelve thousand
five hundred and sixty-two, showing that the foreign «rticle has been
nearly driven from the market.
In eighteen hundred and sixty five and eighteen hundred and sixty-six
there were thirty new establishments built and many old ones enlarged.
The average yield of sugar is eight per cent. : of molasses, two and fort}'
one-hundredths ])er cent. This includes the returns from poorly managed
factories and those worked under the old jiroccsses. The sugar ))roduc-
tion of tlic ZoUverein is at the present time one hundred and ninety
million kilograms. Much of the sugar is obtained from the infusion of
dried beet — the beets being sliced and dried, and sent in this condition
to the manufactory. As an illustration of the proportions which a
manufactory may assume when conducted under this system, we may
cite the establishment at Waghilusel, near Carlsruhe, in the Duch}' of
Baden, in which three thousand jieople are emi)loycd,a capital of eighty
million francs (sixteen million dollars) invested, and twelve acres of land
covered with buildings.
The consumption of sugar in the ZoUverein, for the 3-ear eighteen
hundred and sixtj'-seven, was one hundred and sixty thousand tons.
Austria.
The beneficial results produced by the introduction of this new indus-
try into Austria are shown by the fact that the amount of sugar con-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
281
snmed by each person has larf;ely increased ; that the manufacture
supplies entirely the liomc market; that large quantities of sugar are
annually exported, while at the same time the tax on the beets used in
this manufacture is the source of a large revenue to the State.
The following information in regard to the introduction and develop-
ment of the manufacture of beet sugar in Austria was communicated to
the Dejiartment of State by Mr. P. Sidney Post, United States Consul
at Vienna :*
" There is no industry of Austria which ought to interest the United
States so much as the production of sugar from the beet root. The
United States appears to be in every respect as well, and in many
respects much better, adapted for its production than this country.
" Beets containing a large amount of saccharine matter can be abun-
dantlv and cheaply raised in all the Northern States, and especially in
the northwest ; and if the great profit of converting them into sugar
was fully understood, there would be plenty of capital for the supply of
the necessary machinery.
" The machiner}' is expensive, and it requires a large amount of capital
to commence operations, but it is doubtful whether there is tiny branch
of industry 'which would so well repay capital and enterprise. The
business cannot well be conducted on a small scale, and this disadvantage
has, doubtless, hitherto pi-evented its being general!}' adopted in the
United States. But when it shall have been given a fair trial it must
become a very important interest.
" The growth of the manufacture of sugar is as wonderful as the bis-
toiy of the legislation on this subject in Europe is interesting. The
embargo of Napoleon, which forced on France the production of sugar,
proved to Austria how beneficial the industry would be to this empire ;
but the first factories were not built until eighteen hundred and thirty.
" In eighteen hundred and thirty there were two factories; in eighteen
hundred and fifty-one, one hundred; in eighteen hundred and sixty-one,
one hundred and twenty-five; in eighteen hundred and sixty-two, one
hundred and thirty; in eighteen hundred and sixty-four, one hundred
and thirty-six ; in eighteen hundred and sixty-six, one hundred and forty.
'• There is a tax levied upon the beets before they are manufactured
into sugar, and by this means the exact quantity consumed is known.
Quantity of heets converted into sugar during the years named.
Tear.
Cwt.
1851
1853
1855
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
5,411,770
6,387,319
7,989,390
11,892,941
15,681,114
21,017,574
18,511,909
17,682,594
Vide report on commercial relations, etc., for 1867, page 510.
36
282
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Tear.
Cwt.
1862
17,112,066
21,080,121
18,288,911
24,197,127
21,081,308
1863
1864
1865
1866 -
"The decrease of eighteen hundred and sixty-two and eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-four is explained by bad harvests; that of eighteen hun-
dred and sixty and eighteen hundred and sixty-six was occasioned by
the wars progressing in those j^ears.
"In eighteen hundred and sixty-six the one hundred and forty sugar
manufactories used — machines for cutting beets, two hundred and twenty-
ihree; C3'linders for maceration, forty-four; juice centrifugals, eighty-
two; juice presses, nine hundred and sixty-six; refining kettles, etc., f
seven hundred and fifty-seven; evaporation apparatus, twojinndred and
sixty-seven ; pans, one hundred and seventy-five; spodumene filters, one
thousand five hundred and sixty-seven.
" During the last sugar campaign there were consumed :
Coal, cwt
Coke, cwt
Peat, cwt
Wood, cords
Spodumene for filtering, cwt
10,664,614
64,235
1,123
0,041
678,290
"During the campaign and part of the time duri»g the rest of the
year there were employed in the sugar manufactories twenty-five thou-
sand and twenty-seven males and fourteen thousand four hundred and
seventy-eight females. The daily wages of the laborers vary from
twenty krcutzers to one florin per day, and there were paid during the
year over three million five hundred thousand florins on account of wages.
While in eighteen hundred and fifty-one but five per cent, of sugar was
obtained from beets, in eighteen hundred and sixty-one, by the improve-
ment in machinery, the manufacturers were enabled to obtain six and a
half per cent., and in eighteen hundred and sixty-six the}' succeeded in
obtaining seven and a half ])er cent. The pure sugar obtained from these
beets equalled, in eighteen hundred and fifty-one, twenty-seven million
fifty-eight thousand eight hundred and fifty pounds; in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-one, one hundred and fifteen million fifty-nine thousand
^ix hundred and thirty-six pounds; in eighteen hundred and sixty-six,
one hundred and fifty-eight million one hundred and nine thousand eight
hundred and eighty-seven pounds. At an average value of thirty florins
per centner, the amount realized from the last campaign equals thirty-
six million four hundred and seven thousand florins; or, if we take the
Austrian florin at its present value, and reduce the quantity' to American
measures, the sugar will be worth nine dollars and seventy-five cents in
gold per hundred weight, and the whole yield will be worth, in gold,
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
283
fourteen million tivo hundred and sixty-two thousand eight hundred
dollars.
" The Government tax upon the beet is forty and nine-tenths kreutzers
per centner of fresh beets and two florins (twenty-five and a half kreut-
zer) per centner for dried ones. The Government tax on beet amounted —
Year.
Florins.
In 1850.
In 1861
In 1862
In 1863
In 1864.
In 1865
In 1866
153,337
5,659,202
5,587,838
6,989,838
6,030,097
7,926,202
6,116,589
'• By this increased manufacture the commercial proportions between
the exports and imports of this article have been entirely changed, as is
shown by the following tables :
Imports and exports of siigar into and from Vienna, in centners.*
Year.
Refined.
Powdered.
Molasses.
1880
1840
1850
1855
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1850
1853
1858
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
Imports.
Exports.
2,213
5,280
35,005
35,028
4,656
9,951
31,280
13,418
3,940
2,380
1,848
267
18
30
10,757
155
47,673
110,812
183,631
400,039
529,600
645,608
770,981
36,410
31,716
131,692
23,845
3,841
526
422
1,359
1,820
587
736
39,245
363,144
34,056
583
661
92
142
27,004
35,710
31,762
27,752
31,662
29,180
20,612
* A centner nearly equals 123i pounds.
284
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
"During the first six months of eighteen liundred and sixty-seven,
nearly seven liundred thousand centners were exported. Thus it may
be seen that thirty-six years ago all the sugar used in the empire was
imported. Now tlie importation of sugar has ceased, and it has become
an article of export and is no inconsiderable item in the balance of trade.
"The duty on the importation of sugar was reduced in eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-five and in eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the inter-
ruption in the steady decrease of the import and increase of the export
is owing to this cause.
"The heavy tax on the beet befoi'e conversion into sugar operates as
a tax on the sugar. When sugar became an article of export there was
a certain recompensation fixed, which in eighteen hundred and sixty
equalled five florins sixteen kreutzers per centner on refined sugar, and
four florins twenty kreutzers on powdered sugar. In eighteen hundred
and sixty-four this recompensation was realized to six florins fift3'-one
kreutzers per centner on refined sugar, and to five florins thirty kreut-
zers per centner on powdered sugar.
"The continued import of molasses is explained b}' the fact that the
molasses obtained from the beet is not fit for common use, but is used
for producing spirits.
" Comparing the income from customs duty, and the tax on the produc-
tion of sugar, we find not only that the proportion between the export
and import has changed, but that there is a considerable increase in con-
sumption at home. Giving the income in round numbers we have :
Revenues from the manufactures of beet root sugar.
Year.
From customs du-
ties on imports.
From Internal
Kevenue tax.
1850.
1852.
1855.
1858.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
Austrian florins.
5.300,0i0
5,900,000
6,600,000
3,600,000
400,000
400,000
1,409,000
800,000
200,000
100,000
100,000
Austrian florins.
150,000
500,000
1.100,000
4,100,000
5,100,000
5,800,000
5,600,000
7,000,000
6.000,000
7.900.000
6,100,000
"Notwithstanding the diminished customs duty on sugar, by the in-
crease of the amount realized from the internal revenue. sugar tax, the
total result has grown larger, thereby showing that the domestic con-
sumption must have been increased.
" The expense of the manufacture of sugar during the last year was :
STATE AGEICULTURAL SOCIETY.
285
Austrian florins.
Cost of beets
Cost of manufactured sugar ....
Cost of manufactured molasses
Cost of spodumene
Cost of coal
Cost of wood
Cost of peat
Cost of coke
Cost of wages
Tax
Total expenses —
Value of the sugar produced...
For interest, profit, etc
414,000
582,000
72,700
,844,600
,601,100
53,600
10,800
1,200
,500,000
,116,600
22,196,600
36,407,000
14,240,400
" Thirty-nine and three-tenths per cent, of the entire income, there-
fore, remains for interest on the capital and profits of the business."
The following observations are extracted from a later and unpub-
lished dispatch from Mr. Post, now in the archives of the State Depart-
ment, and supplied for this report :
" The production and export of beet root sugar is increasing, and the
history of its increase is best shown by the following table :
Table showing the quantify of beets taxed and used during the last three
years in Austria.
!2!
O
>■
>
t>
— B
r.^ «5ri- 3
o a"
p 2
g o
era
eot
act
a> 2. >< 3
0) O oi Cf?
a -1
?''<
*o
g OS
^^^^
Season of —
p 2,
• "5
a p o
PI
o-
: P
p 2. a
: '^ c vq
u a ° '^
i i'
: £.
: '^0 c
%^ g 2,
Vienna cwt.
Florins.
Vienna c\vt.
Fl. Kr.
1864- 65
143
18,040,561
15,612,209
7,387,609
•)
1865-66
138
6,393,199
\ 125,916
51,562 60
1866-67
138
19,105.874
7,823,855
J
*40 95-100 kr. per Vienna centner.
286
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Beet root swjar manufactories in Austria and other countries, and their
products.
Country.
Season.
5!
« 5
2. o
a "5
r B
. p
: o
Quantity of beets
taxed.
Quantity of raw su-
gar produced.
Quantity of sugar
exported.
Austria
1864-65
1863-66
1866-67
1868
143
138
138
166
18,040,561 Vie. cwt.
15,612,209 Vie. cwt.
19,105,874 Vie. cwt.
■*1,344,136 cus. cwt.
Austria
506,074 cus. cwt.
806 742 cus cwt
Austria
Austria
ZoUverein
Zollverein
1864-65
1865-66
1806-67
40,902,891 cus. cwt.
42,859,064 cus. cwt.
50,012,553 cus. cwt.
3,413,214 cus. cwt...
3,713,912 cus. cwt...
»373,285 cus. cwt.
ZoUverein
3,900,000 cus. cwt...
Zollverein
1868
300
Belgium
1864-65
437,896 cus. cwt.
Belgium
1865-66
831,037 cus. cwt...
Belgium
1866-67
782,460 cus. cwt..
Belgium
1867-68
1865
111
800,000 cus. cwt.
Holland
70,000 kilos.
Holland
1867
5,790,000 kilos
Holland
1868
18
Russia
1864-65
3,-326,141 poods. .
Russia
1865-66
3,552,000 poods
Russia
1866-67
5,280,000 poods
Russia
1868
283
^Average for the three seasons, 1864-65, 1865-66 and 1866-67.
Production^ consumption, export and import of sugar in Axistria from
1834-35 to 1867.
»^
>
>
>
CO
►«
>
>
>
■-«
a-
CD
a
g
§
verage quanti
of beets tax
per year*
mount of ra
sugar produc
per year*
verage import
colonial sug
per year*
S P
>i
: "rs
: o
: ■-I
: S"
: O'
o
•a
o'
a
mount of sug
consumed p
^personf
verage price
loaf sugarj..
verage numl
of factories
operation
: a.-^
: P-^
: ^2,
i 7
\ ?S
: o
• i->
! d3
1834-1839
605,616
30,270
518,193
38
36,000,000
1.52
41.25
37.2
1839-1844
1,577,995
78,875
574,470
89
35,4-J4,400
1.42
38.00
42.6
1844-1849
1,729,280
103,757
668,955
150
37,160,400
1.81
38.00
59.4
1849-1854.. ..
5,196,896
311,814
787,478
324
36,451,600
3.01
39.20
97.6
1854-1859
11,712,692
820,080
581,489
88
36,714,600
3.00
41.90
119.2
1859-1864
17,798,429
1,246,090
71,126
21,058
36,917.200
3.61
39.60
136.2
1864-1867
19,201,861
1,344,136
2,116
606,074
35,650,000
2.36
30.32
139.4
*Custom cwt.
fCustom pound.
JFlorins.
Russia and Holland.
The present production of sugar in Eussia, including Poland, is from
one hundred and fifteen to one hundred and twenty niillions of kilograms
annually.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 287
This country is destined to become one of the most important sugar-
producing countries in Europe. The soil, which is a rich, dark loam,
produces excellent beets without manure, and is acknowledged to be the
best for this purpose in Europe. The number of kilograms of beets per
acre is generally very small (twenty thousand), but the richness of the
beet is remarkable, nine and frequently ten ])cr cent, of sugar being
obtained. The number of factories in Russia at the present time is four
hundred and forty, most of them, however, being of small size.
In Holland, into which the beet has been recently introduced, the cul-
tivation and manufacture appear in the most flourishing condition. This
is owing to the fertility of the soil, in Avhich the beet grows to its full
size, and retains at the same time its full saccharine ])roperties
The present production of sugar in Holland is about seventy-five thou-
sand kilograms. The number of manufactories is ten.
United States.
Attempts have been made at different times in this country to estab-
lish the manufacture of beet root sugar, with, however, but moderate
success. All of these attempts have, with but one exception, been on a
small scale, while the industry was still in its infancy, and the prices of
foreign sugar were much lower than they are now. or are likely to
be again.
In eighteen hundred and thirty-eight and eighteen hundred and thirty-
nine, the "Northampton Beet Sugar Company," of Northampton, Massa-
chusetts, made several hundred pounds of this sugar, and succeeded in
raising beets of excellent quality and weight, but the enterprise did not
prove financially successful. The most complete published account of
this attempt is that given by Mr. David Lee Child.*
This enterprise is also referred to by Mr. E. B. Grant Of the more
recent endeavors he thus speaks :f
" In eighteen hundred and sixty-three and eighteen hundred and sixty-
four, the brothers Gennert, of New York, conceived the idea of manu-
facturing beet sugar. Mr. Thomas Gennert visited Europe for the pur-
pose of studying the methods there employed. Upon his return, the
firm selected the prairie lands in the Town of Chatsworth. Livingston
County, Illinois, purchased twenty-three hundred acres, erected build-
ings, and commenced the cultivation of beets. In process of time they
gathered their crop, which, owing to the drought, and also to the unfa-
vorable method of planting, yielded only ten or twelve tons to the acre.
The beets were of excellent saccharine properties, containing twelve and
a-half per cent, of sugar. The heavy outlay required exhausted their
means; or, to use their own words : 'We started on too large a scale
for our purse, which gave out too soon before the machinery required for
successful working was finished ; but experience has shown us sufficiently
that sugar enough is contained in the beets, and that it can be got out.
With our imperfect, or rather incomplete machinery, we extracted seven
per cent, in melada. Those beets would average, with complete machin-
ery, nine per cent.'
" The Messrs. Gennert have put their property into a stock company,
* Tho culture of the beet and manufacture of beet sugar, 1840.
f Beet-root sugar and cultivation of the beet, by E. B. Grant. Boston, 1867.
288 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
called the ' Germania Sugar Company,' and have six hundred acres of
land in cultivation with beets this season."
The following is their estimate of the profits of working one hundred
tons of beets per day, according to the yield of sugar, and witli a capital
of two hundred thousand dollars :
At 6 per cent.
At 7 per cent.
At 8 per cent.
At 9 per cent.
73 per cent, profit.
91 per cent, profit.
109 per cent, profit.
121 per cent, profit.
In referring to this same enterprise, the Commissioner of Agriculture
says as follows :*
" A promising beginning of beet sugar making has been commenced at
Chatsworth, Illinois, and fine samples of the sugar ma}^ be seen in the
museum of this department. It has, of course, met with difficulties, sur-
rounded b}^ new circumstances, with high rates of labor, and interest on
money, which will all, I have no doubt, be eventually overcome. Many
individuals and conipanies stand ready to engage in the business when
its success upon our soil is full}'^ demonstrated. Then in the West, as in
Europe, flourishing villages will spring up upon prairies tliat are now
without population or improvements ; and an impetus will be given to
all other business by the successful manufacture of a raw product taken
from adjacent fields, involving the supply of an imperative want of
every class of our people."
The testimony of the best authorities on this subject, and the attempts
themselves, prove that the beet may be grown successfully on our soil,
and that when capital and enterprise are brought to the aid of this
industry, success in sugar making will be assured bej'cjnd doubt.
NEW PROCESSES AND MACHINERY.
Before giving a detailed account of the machinery and apj)aratus used
iu the manufacture of beet root sugar, it has been thought advisable to
briefl}^ enumerate the processes, and report the machinery em ployed at
the present time. ^ This notiee is condensed from an article by Mr. Bas-
set, published in iJtiidrs sur r Exjxjsitiun.
The manufacture of beet sugar, cane sugar, and an}' su^iai* extracted
from a vegetable juice or sap containing saccharine matter, depends
upon the following operations :
First — The extraction of the sweet juice from the plant or ])art of the
plant which contains it.
Second — This juice, which is never pure enough to produce good crys-
tallizable sugar by simj)le evaporation, must be purified.
Third — The juice must then be concentrated, in order to allow crys-
tallization to take place.
*Preliminary Report of thu Conmiissioner of Agriculture for the yciir 1867, p. 10.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 289
Fourth — It must tlien be ciystallized.
Fifth — The crystals nuist then be purified.
Sixth — The sugar must then be refined.
The following are the principal methods used in the manufacture of
beet sugar at the present time :
The beet from which the juice is to be extracted must be first cut up.
The beets are sometimes cooked previous to this operation, but the more
common way is to use them raw. For this operation, cutters are used
which cut the beets into ribbons or slices, or the root is submitted to the
action of a rasp, and a pulp of the proper degree of fineness obtained.
The last method is the one generally used.
The pulp is- then submitted to pressure, an operation which is per-
formed in various ways. The more common wa}^ is to put the pulp into
sacks of a coarse woollen material, which are piled in layers upon a
frame, each layer being separated by a plate of iron, perforated with
holes, or bv a grating of the same material, with narrow spaces between
the bars. These sacks are then submitted to pressuie, which is done by
an ordinary screw press, or by an hydraulic press, or by both. The
sacks, after being used, are washed and soaked in a weak solution of
tannin.
The pressure, no matter how effectively performed, fails to extract
more than seventy-five or eighty per cent, of the juice. As the beet con-
tains ninety-eight per cent, of water, sugar and soluble matter, and only
two per cent, of residuum, there is a loss by this process of from eighteen
to twenty per cent, of juice. To prevent this loss, the extraction of the
juice by maceration, or the use of water instead of pressure, has been
attempted. Various machines and processes have been used, generally
with excellent success, but this method has not as yet superseded the
more common method of pressure.
The name given to the process of purification of the juice is defecation.
The object is to remove, as far as possible, the foreign matters remaining
in the juice after pressure. These are principally nitrogenous matter,
mineral substances, coloring matter, and the coagulable albumen. The
coagulable albumen is removed by the action of heat, which causes it to
become insoluble. To remove the other matters, lime is added. These
form, with the lime, insoluble compounds which are easily eliminated,
but as an excess of lime combines with the sugar and forms saccharate
of lime, which causes a loss of sugar by its becoming dissolved, and as
this saccharate is injurious to the manufacture of good sugar, being one
of the most active causes of discoloration in cooking, and its presence
producing sucre gras, it is necessary to eliminate this excess of lime.
This was formerly done by passing the juice through animal charcoal.
M. Bassett* observes that he is ignorant what have been the motives
which have induced manufacturers to make use of this operation, and
remarks that the animal charcoal has no effect on the lime; that it does
not act upon the saccharine alkalies; and that its decolorizing power —
the only one it possesses — is of no value when the liquid is not free from
the ulterior causes of the color, i. e., the alkaline bases. The use of lime
in large quantities for the purpose of eliminating the foreign matters
» Etudes sur I'Exposition de 1867, 3°Fascicule, 30 juin 1867.
37
290 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
contained in the juice has therefore been proposed. A solution of sac-
charate of lime is thereby obtained, which is cleared of the lime by
passing a current of carbonic acid gas, obtained by the combustion of
coal, thi-ough it. This is in principle the process which is known to-day
under the name of carbonation. The carbonic acid acts upon the lime,
but has no permanent effect upon the alkalies. It is true that the sac-
charate alkalies are decomposed by the carbonic acid, but as the alkaline
carbonates arc not removed, the saccharates arc again brought together
by the heat, and are an active cause of coloring and loss. M. Basset
recommends the use of super-phosphate of lime in defecation, it being a
cheap substitute and a more effective agent than carbonic acid, eliminating
the lime, and at the same time destroj'ing the effect of the alkaline salts
which the juice contains. By some manufacturers, sulphate of alumina
is used to eliminate the lime. This, also, is an effective agent, and pre-
vents coloring, but bj^ its use deposits are lelt in the juice which are
difficult to remove, and a sulphate of lime is produced, which must be
removed by filtering at twenty-six or twenty-eight degree Beaume.
The different processes used in purifying the juice are briefl}^ described
by Basset, as follows : *
Ordinary Process.
Elevation of the juice to the temperature of seventy-five or eighty
degrees centigrade; introduction and mixture of milk of lime; elevation
of the temperature to the boiling point; time to allow the liquid to
settle; decantation of the clear juice; pi'essure of the foam and insoluble
deposits; filtration of the juice through animal charcoal.
Barnuel Process.
This is the same as the above, with the following modifications : An
excess of lime is introduced so as to turn the sugar into saccharate of
lime. The liquid is then decanted and submitted to a current of carbonic
acid. The juice is then allowed to settle, and filtered as above described.
The sulphate of alumni process has been before referred to.
Double Carbonation.
This is similar to Barnuel's process, with this exception, that after the
first action of the carbonic acid a new quantity of lime is introduced,
and the juice is again subjected to the carbonic acid. Decantation and
filtration as above described.
Troubled Defecation.
Elevation of the juice to the temperature of seventj'^-five or eighty
degrees centigrade; introduction of lime; then, without decantation, the
introduction of carbonic acid. Decantation, pressure of the deposits,
and filtration' of the juice through animal charcoal, as before described.
Concentration.
The purified, filtered and decolorized juice is concentrated by the
action of heat, which causes it to lose its excess of water, and brings it
* Etudes surl'Exposition de 1867.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 291
gradnall}' to the density necessary for crystalization. Tliis operation is
divided into two parts; concentration, properly so called, and cooking
or baking. It is well known that the boiling point of a liquid in a
vacuum is at very much lower temperature than it was when exposed to
atmospheric pressure. Upon this principle the application of the
vacuum in concentrating and cooking the juice rests.
The introduction of vacuum boilers is almost the onl}" improvement,
in realit}', which has been made in the manufacture of sugar for thirty
years, for the elements of all the other improvements which have been
made were contained in the old processes. With the apparatus now
used, it is impossible to caramelize the syrup, and the cooking or baking
may be pushed to crystalization — an operation which is called baking in
grains, and which is described at length in the accompanying report;
finally, the heat is not suflScient to cause the saccharate alkalies, which
have been left in the juice, to produce any reaction of importance. The
machines for concentration which have produced the best result arc
manufactured by MM. Cail & Co., and are known as machines of triple
effect.
Crystalization.
This is usually done in vats. The syrup is exposed to a temperature
of from thirty to thirty-five degrees centigrade, which is maintained as
uniform as possible till the crystalization is comj^lete.
The turbine, by means of which the syrup is separated from the
erystalized sugar, is a great improvement over the ordinary and older
methods. By the use of this machine the purification of the crystals of
sugar is reduced to an almost instantaneous mechanical operation.
The other operations and processes connected with the manufacture
of sugar, some of which are recent and some of older date, will be
described at length in the accompanying report. At the present time
the machinery for a complete and "well arranged sugar factory consists
of washing machines, rasps, presses — mechanical and hydraulic, boilers
of defecation, carbonic acid boilers, carbonic acid generators, foam
presses, animal charcoal filters, machines for concentrating and cooking
the sugar, crystalizing vats, turbines and furnaces for revivifying the
animal charcoal. To this must be added the engines and generators,
the size and cost of which depend necessarily upon the extent of the
factory.
Of the improvements which have been made of late years in the
methods and processes of manufacturing sugar, M. Constant Say makes
the following observations :
" Since eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, the manufacture and refining
of sugar has made great progress, the result of which is the production
of sugar at a lower cost than formerly. The principal improvements
in the manufacture are in the process of double carbonation, the appa-
ratus of triple effect, of roasting in vacuo, and the use of centrifugal
machines."
The Diffusion Process.
Mr. Post, Consul of the United States at Vienna, Austria, writes as
follows concerning the new diffusion process :
" The new process recently invented by Mr. Julius Eobert, a sugar
manufacturer of Seelowitz, Austria, is working a complete change in the
292 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
manufactories here, and will doubtless exert a great influence on an
extended introduction into the United States, and it is adapted to
extracting the crystaline sugar from either sugar cane or beet i-oot.
" Without entering into an extended description of this invention, I
may say that the process differs radicall}' from the old methods, their
leading principle being to obtain the juice contained in the cane or beet
root, and to this end the}!- employed repeated grinding, or maceration,
or powerful pressure.
" Mr. Roberts' 'diffusion process' does not aim at obtaining the juice
contained in the cells of the cane or beet root, but to extract only the
crystalizable sugar contained in that juice, and to leave whatever else
it contains in the cells. To accomplish this purpose, the sugar cane or
beet roots are cut into small slices and put into a number of vats,
which are connected by pipes running from the bottom of one vat to the
top of the next succeeding. Water of a certain temperature, and of a
quantity proportioned to the weight of the cane or beet root in the
vats, is mixed with the material in the first vat, and allowed to remain
until it takes up a portion of the saccharine matter, or, so to speak, until
the sugar in the vat is equalized between the water and the cane or beet
root. That is to say, if the beet root contains eight per cent, of saccha-
rine matter, the water will take up four per cent. This water is then
forced by hydraulic pressure into the second vat, filled with beets.
"It alread}' contains four per cent, of sugar; but the beets having
eight per cent., it will again equalize itself, and when forced into the
third vat will contain six per cent, of saccharine matter. In this way
the water becomes more and more impregnated with saccharine matter,
until it contains almost as much as the beet itself. To return to the
first vat, we find that the first application of water extracted one-half, or
four per cent, of the sugar. When this water was forced into the second
vat the fresh water which forced it out and supplied its place extracted
two per cent, more before the saccharine matter became equalized be-
tween the water and the beets. This water is then forced into the
second vat, and the fresh water which supplies its place finds the beets
containing but two per cent, of saccharine matter, and the next filling
finds but one per cent., and in this way the sugar is extracted to within
one-half of one per cent.
"It is said that by this process the raw material is much purer than
when extracted by an}'^ other method — that from the same beets one-half
per cent, more crystalline sugar is obtained than by the applicaton of
pressure. The expenses for cloth, and the cleaning and renewing it, are
entirely done away with ; the expenses for motive power and machinery
is considerably reduced, and the expense of manual labor is much less,
requiring but one-quarter of the number of laborers necessary for the
pressing purpose.
" In the United States, where labor is so expensive, this innovation
must prove of incalculable importance. The only thing required in this
new process not necessar}' in the old is an additional supply of water,
an article tolerably plenty and cheap wherever this manufacture is
likely to be introduced in our country.
"That this process is really the great improvement claimed no longer
admits of dispute. Mr. Roberts has thoroughl}' tested it in his factory,
and has adopted it, as have also six other factories, two in Austria, two
in Prussia, one in Russia, and one in Bavaria."
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 293
CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE BEET.
VARIETIES OP THE BEET.
The beet, which is a native of Turkey, is a half-hardy biennial plant.
Its roots attain their full size during the first year. The seeds are pro-
duced from transplanted roots, after which the plant dies.
According to an analysis of the beet by Professor Pa> en, it contains —
Per cent.
Water
Sugar in solution
Cellulose and pectose
Albumen, caseine, and nitrogenous matters
Malic acid ; pectine ; gummy substances ; fatty, aromatic and
coloring matters; phosphate of lime; phosphate of magnesia;
silicate, nitrate, sulphate, and oxalate of potash, etc
835
10.5
.8
l.o
3.7
100.0
Among the many varieties of the beet the following may be enume-
rated as best adapted for agricultural and manufacturing purposes :
The long I'cd mangel-wurzel, the German red mangel-wurzel, the long
white green-top mangel-wurzel, the long white red-top mangel-wurzel,
the yellow globe mangel-wurzel, the Imperial, the Magdeburg, and the
white sugar or white Silesian. The white or sweet turnip variety is
the most desirable for general cultivation. Of this variety there are
two kinds, viz : the white beet root with a rosy collar, which contains
the largest amount of sugar ; and the Silesian, a white beet root, with a
green collar, containing less sugar. The roots of the Silesian variety
grow almost entirely below the surface of the ground, and owing to their
compact and firm texture, resist both frosts and spontaneous alterations
better than any other variety.
Those who are not only distillers, but who are at the same time
growers of the beet root, and who endeavor to obtain not only an abun-
dant crop of saccharine matter, but also a large crop in weight of roots
per acre, may advantageously raise beets which yield even less sugar
than the Silesian variety', and which contain extraneous substances
prejudicial in the manufacture of sugar, but not in the distillation of
alcohol. Among these varieties ma}' be named the j-ellow beet of Ger-
many, an oblong root with a yellow pulp, the beet with a pale yellow
skin and white pulp, only slightly elongated— a variety which has been
found in some countries nearly as rich in sugar as the sweet turnip. It
is customary in Europe for sugar factories and distilleries to supply the
growers with seed, at the same time contracting for the crop when
grown. The French factories generally furnish the Silesian beet root
seed.
To maintain the quality of the beet unimpaired it is necessary from
time to time to renew the seeds, and select them with care. The sim-
294: TRANSACTIONS OF THE
plest means which can be employed for this purpose is a salt bath, into
which the beets are plunged, and their density ascertained. The sweet-
est beets sink to the bottom, and are preserved for seed. By careful
selection in this way M. Villenorman has obtained plants which contain
fourteen or fifteen per cent, of sugar. The richness in sugar is ordi-
narily in inverse ratio to the size of the beet, and in direct ratio to the
den.sity.
Grant considers the white Silesian variety to unite most of the desira-
ble qualities for manufacturers. He says : " For the use of sugar
manufacturers the kind of beet that can be cultivated with the most
advantage is that which is richest in sugar and contains the smallest
amount of alkaline salts. It is distinguished by the following character-
istics :
" First — Its roots must neither have the form of a carrot, nor of a
tuber, but be shaped more like a Bartlett pear. It must be long and
slender, gradually tapering, and free from large lateral roots.
" Second — It must not grow above the surface of the soil.
" Third — It must have a smooth white surface, and the flesh be white
and hard.
" Fourth — Its size must not be too large, and its weight not exceeding
five to eight pounds.
" The white Silesian beet, which is the one in general cultivation for
manufacturers, unites most of these qualities; and of other kinds those
are most preferred whose foliage is not upright, but broad, spreading,
and lying upon the surface of the ground The roots of beets possessing
this peculiarity gi'ow entirely beneath the surface."
SOILS ADAPTED TO THE CULTIVATION OF THE BEET.
The most productive soils are those composed of clay and sand, being
at the same time somewhat calcareous, deep and easily ))loughed.
Sandy soils which contain clay and carbonate of lime glso yield good
crops, if they do not suffer from prolonged drought. On soils almost
entirely argillaceous or calcareous the beet root attains but moderate
size, and is liable to suffer from drought as well as from wet. Argilla-
ceous soils, in order to be fitted for the cultivation of the beet, must be
improved by draining. It is impossible to raise a good ci'op on gravelly
soil, whatever may be its chemical constituents, inasmuch as the roots
bifurcate and divide into several smaller roots, which are apt to retain
gravel and small stones, which are afterwards very injurious to the
machinery when the roots are cut.
Grant, in his treatise before quoted, says: "Ground that is mellow,
warm and fertile, free from saline and alkaline constituents, not sour,
and of a nature little liable to suffer from drought, easy to woi'k late in
autumn and early in spring, with a comparatively permeable subsoil,
penetrable by the tap-root of the beet, that aftbrds natural drainage so
that it may be worked soon after rains, is suitable for the crop in
question."
Count Chaptal, a great cultivator as well as a sugar manufacturer,
says : " All grain fields are more or less suitable for beets, but especially
those having a depth of twelve or fifteen inches of rich vegetable mould.
Fine, sandy alluvial bottom lands, overflowed in the winter or early
spring, are lavorable for the beet, and they need no artificial manure, as
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 295
they are enriched by the inundations. Beets require to bo planted on
thoroui^hly cultivated land in which the sods are entirely rotted."
The l)eet is generally cultivated in rotation with other crops, the same
ground being successively sown with beets the first and second years,
wheat the third, clover the fourth, and oats the fifth. When manure is
more sparingly used, a rotation of crops every four years is practiced;
the yearly order being beets, wheat, clover and oats.
METHODS OF CULTIVATION.
Beets are grown in two principal ways, in drills and in hills. The
latter method has of late years been much practiced in Europe, and is
attended with highly satisfactory results. In drill cultivation the Dom-
basle plough, drawn b}' ten oxen on heavy and by eight oxen on light
soils, is used. The depth of the furi'ow is never less than twenty-eight
or thirty centimetres, and frequently thirty or thirty-five when the soil
is of such a character as to permit of it. A furrow of this depth allows
the root to strike deeply; and though the formation of the furrow
requires the exercise of considerable power, yet it brings to the surface
in places where good soil is scarce, the argillaceous subsoil, which on
coming in contact with the air is fertilized and improved by mixing with
the vegetable soil and manure, the depth of the fertile ground at the
same lime being increased.
Argillaceous soils are all twice ploughed before winter, and must be
ready before the heavy frosts. It has been noticed that after thawing
these soils become very friable, and that part of a field which is ploughed
before the frost yields a crop far superior to that part of the same field
ploughed in the spring. Light soils are ploughed in the spring, when
manure can be more freely used, large quantities being produced during
factory work, which lasts from September fifteenth till January thirtj^-
first, during which time the largest number of oxen are fattened. The
same methods of tillage are employed on soils on which oats have been
sown the year before, and on which a crop of beets is to be grown, as
on those w^hich have grown one crop of beets and are to be again planted
for a second crop.
Manuring.
As soon as harvest is over manure is hauled from the stables to the
fields, at the rate from fifty to sixty cubic metres to the hectare, on
soils on which oats have been grown, and which are to be planted with
beets On soils on which a second crop of beets is to be raised the
same amount of manure should be used, although growers are often
obliged to content themselves with less. Stiff and claj'ey soils are first
manured and ploughed, and the ploughing should commence as soon as
the manure is spread over the ground, the weather permitting, in order
to have it perfectly mixed with the whole mass of earth.
Cultivation in Drills.
"When the ground is suitably prepared by ploughing, the sowing is
done in drills, about sixty-five or seventy-five centimetres apart, b}'
means of a wheelbarrow drill, or horse machine, which facilitates the
subsequent operations of hoeing and digging. Hoeing is very impor-
tant, for if the weeds are not torn out in time the tender beet will be
soon overgrown and killed. Digging must be done also, without delay,
29G TRANSACTIONS OF THE
although the operation is seldom so urgent as that of hoeing. After
hoeing, all the places where the seed has failed to take root are care-
fully replanted. For this purpose, the plants thinned out from the
places where the lines were too close are made use of. Another
object of replanting is to preserve a regular distance of twenty-five to
thirty centimetres between the plants, with the drills from sixly-five to
seventy-five centimetres apart. From forty-six thousand to fifty-threo
thousand plants (without counting failures), having an average weight
of eight hundred grams each, can be grown per hectare — a total of from
thirty-two to forty tons.
In average years the crops raised on good soils in the Aisne, Oise and
Ardennes Departments, where there are a great number of sugar facto-
ries and distilleries, amounts to from thirty to forty tons per hectare.
Cultivation in Hills.
This 83'stcm of cultivation is fast superseding the older methods, as
much more abundant crops can in this way be produced, some growers
succeeding in obtaining sixty tons of roots per hectare, where under
the old system from thirty-five to forty tons only were raised. This
method of cultivation i-equires much more care and labor than cultiva-
tion in drills, but the roots produced are much more dense and rich in
sugar.
The soil is thrown either with a common or double plough into two
bands or furrows, one against the other; soil so ])repared presents con-
ditions more favorable for development of the roots in length and
density, and at the same time diminishes the size of the collar, which
portion of the beet contains the smallest amount of sugai'. Ploughing
and manuring are done as in the other method of cultivation, with the
exception that the manure is buried in the middle of the hills, where,
from greater contact witli the air, it more readily decomposes.
With heavy soils it will be found convenient to prepare the hills in
the fall, so that the soil, by contact with the air and winter frosts, may
be rendered more porous and friable. As the hills so prepared settle a
little, it will be necessary before planting to run the double plough
between the furrows. Where fields are not manured until s])rii)g, the
hills should be formed as early as March, the ground being first har-
rowed, then ploughed, then rolled with a heavy roller. The hills are
made a second and even a third time, each of the operations being fol-
lowed by rolling, so that all the hills may have an equal height, and
that the summits of the hills, iti which the beet is to take root, may
be firm, and not so liable to be dried up by the winds which prevail at
that season ot the year. During tlie preparation of the hills, from two
to five hundred kilograms of Peruvian guano is spi'inkled over them,
according to the quality of the soil.
The distance between the hills is impoilant, as it att'ects, in more than
one wa}', the growth and culture of the beet. The inclination of the
sides of the hills being about forty-five degrees, the greater the distance
between the hills the higher their summits will be, and the greater will
be the length of the beet. The soil also, wMth high hills, is better
drained, better permeated by the air, and easier influenced by the first
heats, a circumstance which will facilitate early sowing and prolong the
time of vegetation for the beet, increasing also the amount of sugar.
The distance between the hills contributes, also, to the facilities of
cultivation. The leaves readily develop in the space allowed them, and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 297
arc at a sufficient distance from the ground so as not to be aff'ected by
the radiation of heat, which always destroys some of the leaves in flat
cultivation.
The practice now is to make the hills fifteen centimetres high and
eighty centimetres from the top of one to the top ot the other. The
hills are made flat on top, in order that the beet in its first stages may
develop freely, and penetrate the whole depth of the soil. A thorough
rolling always precedes sowing.
Sowing.
Sowing is done either by machines or by hand. In the first method,
an ordinary sowing machine is used, whose wheels have been exchanged
for movable gorged rollers, which round off the edge of the hill, and are
capable of being adjusted at the same time so as to correspond to the
irregularities in size of the diff'erent hills. Sowing by hand is, however,
more eaS}'. more economical, and insures a better crop.
In hand sowing, two or three seeds are planted in holes two or three
centimetres deejD and fifteen centimetres apart, when the hills are eighty
centimetres from each other. They are covered with earth to the depth
of two centimetres, which is afterwards lightl}^ pressed, to make the
earth solid about them. The tool used in hand sowing is a small fork,
with two prongs fifteen centimetres apart, corresponding to the distance
of the holes from each other.
In machine sowing, from twelve to fifteen kilograms of seed is required
per hectare, while hand sowing requires only from six to ten kilograms
of seed. There is also a marked economy in the amount of labor
required in hoeing and digging, as the plants come up more regularly
and are more uniform in size. The yield of roots by hill cultivation
may be estimated as at least one-fifth greater than that obtained by cul-
tivation in drills. A field of ordinary fertilit}^ cultivated and sown as
above described, and well manured, will yield fifty tons of beets per
hectare, and eight}- tons per hectare may be raised if there are no
failures, and if each root weighs one kilogram, there being eighty-five
thousand plants per hectare.
Hoeing and Weeding.
About the first of April, when the roots have attained sufiicient size,
the first hoeing is done by hand. The earth is gently raised on both sides
of the hill, without touching the summit where the beet root is planted.
This operation is done with a tool made for this purpose, the effect of it
being to scratch the soil lightly, as if with a gardener's rake.
The tool is formed bj'' two small harrows, about sixty or eighty centi-
metres long, connected together. These harrows are provided with
teeth three or four centimetres long, and this tool is pushed backward
and forward by a handle, with more or less force, according to the
nature of the soil.
The first weeding is done ten or fifteen days after this operation of
harrowing, when the plants have acquired sufficient strength, and the
first leaves are sufficiently developed. The workmen use a small and
light hoe, and must be particular to destroy the weeds without injuring
the young and tender plants. About the last of April and the beginning
38
298 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
of May, tho plants are weeded out. They are still small, but it is impor-
tant not to delay the operation, because immediatel}' alter weeding they
increase rapidly- in size and strength, and are prepared to resist tho inju-
rious effects of heat and drought. If, on the contrary, the weeding
should be delayed till the beets have become strong, they would grow up
with only two leaves, and their future growth would be retarded.
Only the strongest plants of each cluster are permitted to grow up.
When the weeding has been once thoroughly done, it will be seldom
necessary to repeat it ; the growth will be sufficiently active to cause
the leaves of the young plants to cover the summit of the hills. Toward
the end of May the plants are hoed a second time, tho ground on the
sides of the hills and between them being loosened by a light plough,
from which the share and coulter has been removed. A plough is pre-
ferred to a cultivator, for the hill is cut by it on both of its declivities,
and the weeds are buried and made to rot in the middle of the small
furrow. By this treatment the soil is also aired and fertilized, and the
summit of the hill remains to be hoed by hand. A cultivator scratches
up the soil without fully tearing up the weeds, and necessitates a liberal
use of the hoe to comiDleto the work.
Hilling Up.
Toward the middle of June, when the beet roots have acquired a
strong growth, earthing up, or hilling, is done. This is an important
operation, in which care must be exei'cised if a large crop is desired. It
is of as much importance as deep ploughing, Avithout which a good har-
vest is impossible. The plough used to prepare the ground for hoeing is
also used for this operation, but the coulter and share are not removed.
At the time of sowing, the hills being made very flat, the roots strike
into the earth to tho entire depth of the loosened soil. In this second
ploughing the earth is thrown up above the collar of the beet root, and
thus allows it to develop tow^ard tho summit of tho hill, while at the
same time it penetrates into the soil, and acquires often a length of from
forty to fifty centimetres. Care must be taken not ta leave the collar
of the beet uncovered, in which case it would contain far less saccharine
matter than the rest of the root.
The Bodin heaper may be employed for hilling, but it has the disad-
vantage of not throwing the earth to a sufficient height above the collar
of the beet.
Harvesting.
Toward tho fifteenth of September the beet crop is harvested. The
beets are known to be ripe when the leaves become j-ellow and fall off.
In spite of its length, the root can bo easily toi-n out by the hand, by
inclining it toward the side of the hill. The plough is also used for this
purpose, tho share and coulter having been first removed. It is directed
into the middle of tho hills, under the roots, which fall on either side,
partially covered by tho earth, which protects tb.em from the early
frosts. Tho roots are now^ cleaned, tho collar removed, and heaped
together. Should a frost be apprehended, tho hea])S are covered with
leaves until they are collected in carts and placed in the pits.
The use of tho plough in harvesting effects a notable saving in time
and labor; nor is an}- of the labor lost, inasmuch as the ploughing is
useful for tho succeeding crop, whether of wheat or beet root.
When two crops of beet roots are to be raised successively, every
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 299
movement of the soil is beneficial, and it is not unusual to see the
second year's crop much better than the first. The soil which has been
assiduously cultivated and exposed in hills for a year to atmospheric
influences is well adapted to the growth of a second crop. The cost of
cultivating the beet in hills is no greater than in drills, all things being
considered ; the plow takes the place of the hoe to a great extent, a
larger surface of ground is exposed to the influence of the air, and the
cultivation is deeper than that possible under any other system of cul-
tivation.
PRESERVATION OF THE BEET.
The proper conservation of the beet root plays an important part in
the manufacture of sugar or alcohol. Many manufacturers lose large
sums of money annually" by the roots being attacked by the frost, which
renders them useless for manufacture, or b}^ their becoming blighted,
which causes the root to sprout, and eventually deprives it of the best
part of the sugar and renders the extraction of what remains extremely
difficult. The beet should be so preserved as to be in exactly the same
condition when worked up as it was when taken from the ground.
In France, and other countries, when the climate will permit, the
roots are usually stored in heaps in the field or open air, and are pro-
tected by a covering of straw and earth, provision at the same time
being made for drainage and ventilation. In making one of these
places, or root-houses {silos') for the storage of the beet, a trench is
first cut in the ground, over which the beets are afterwards placed in
piles. The trench is made eighty centimetres wide and from sixty-five
to seventy centimetres deep. The length varies according to the quantity
of beets to be stored ; it must be, however, at each end about one metre
longer than the pile of beets. This trench is then covered with branches
of trees or shrubs sufficiently thick to prevent the beet from falling
through, but not too thick to prevent the air from freely circulating
upward through the roots. In the middle of the pit a triangular chim-
ney, made roughly of pine boards three centimetres thick, twenty
centimetres broad, and one and a half centimetre long, is set up. The
beets are then piled up over this trench so as to form heaps with
sloping sides about three metres wide at the base, and fi-om twenty to
twenty-five metres long, according to the length of the trench. No
special care need be taken to make the piles regular in appearance, the
beets roughly thrown together will naturally arrange themselves to the
required shape. The height of the pile is usuall}^ about one metre and
a half, corresponding to the height of the chimney. The upper part of
the pile should be regular, so that the roof with which it is covered may
fit evenl}'. The cover or roof is made of three pine boards so arranged
as to fit the top of the pile. The sides are braced together at certain
distances by grooved tie pieces, the groove of which is .08 centimetres
square. The width of the boards which form the gutter is from two
hundred and twenty to two hundred and fifty millimetres. The length
is of less importance, as the gutters or roofs can be placed one after the
other, according to the length of the pile. The most convenient length,
however, is from three to four metres, which enables them to be handled
with ease. At the end of the season they are stored away, and may be
used until entirely worn out.
As soon as the pits are ready they must be covered with straw and a
layer of earth, from ten to twelve centimetres in depth. This may be
done on any day, not rainy, whether warm or cold. The straw spread
800 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
between the roots is quite necessary, for, being a non-conductor of heat,
it prevents the roots from being injured by the heavy frosts, and sup-
ports the earth with which the pile is covered, leaving a free space be-
tween the beets themselves for the circulation of air. Near the chimney
a triangular box about one metre long is placed, made of thin boards
and extending into the pile. It opens at the top into the gutter or roof
and is intended for the thermometer.
The preservation of the beet is divided into two operations: 1. Stor-
ing away the beet 2. Superintendence of the pits.
The beets when stored must be well cleaned j that is to say. freed
from the dirt attached to them, and the collar cut awa}', for any portion
of the leaves remaining on the roots will become rolten in a few days and
produce fermentation in the pits. Care must also be taken not to put
into the pits any roots damaged during loading the carts, by the horses'
feet or by the wheels. This rule is easy to observe, and such damaged
beets may be worked up immediately.
It is easy to see that the good preservation of beet roots depends upon
their being kept cool, yet I'ree from frost, and dry and well ventilated.
The root-houses are constructed in the manner described, in order to
secure these essential conditions. A continuous current of air entering
at each end of the trench passes upward through the floor of branches
or brush, penetrates the jjile of beets, and finally passes out of the
chimney at the top and at the ends of the roof or covering.
The temperature of the pit should never exceed three, four, or at the
most five degrees above the freezing point.
The following are the methods adopted for maintaining the equable
temperature.
Let us suppose that when the beet pits were made the weather was
moderately warm, about eight degrees above the freezing jioint. The
temperature in such a case should be lowered to three or four degrees.
This is done by closing the ends of the canal and gutters with straw
stoppers during the heat of the day, when the temperature is above
eight degrees, and by opening them in the evening and during the
night, when the temperature has fallen below that {)oint. By intro-
ducing the cool air in this way during the night and excluding the warm
air during the day, in the course of a week the proper temperature will
be obtained.
To maintain the temperature of the pits at this height, it will be only
necessary to stop up the openings completely, whenever the outside
temperature is higher than four degrees, or lower than the freezing
point.
That the differences of temperature may be obtained a thermometer
is introduced, which indicates the temperature of the air passing into
the lower canal while another is placed in the triangular box above
referred to, which will indicate the temperature of the mass of roots.
The Avhole superintendence then consists in stopping and opening the
gutters as occasion requires. In this way, with proper care, the beets
can be preserved till the end of March, without sensible alteration.
The pits are usually from twenty to twenty-five metres in length.
When placed in a line there is about three mcti-es between them. When
placed, however, in parallel lines, the canals are dug five metres from
each other, in order that there jnay be between the pits room enough to
take the earth intended to cover them. One thermometer will be suffi-
cient for every five or ten pits. A pit twenty-five metres long, and made
as above described, will hold from forty to forty-five tons of beets ; and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 301
if they are at the above-mentioned distances from each other, two
million and a half of beets can be stored in pits on a single hectare.
Anotlier method, which is more economical and generally used, con-
sists in placing the beets in longitudinal heaps, about two metres wide
at the base.
At harvesting, a thin layer of earth spread over the sides only is
sufficient.
This allows the whole mass to become cool, and when the temperature
of the air falls below the temperature of the beet, which is often the
case in the fall of the 3'ear, the air permeating the interstices of the
mass, and being necessarily at the same temperature as the beet itself,
has a tendency to rise. The thin layer of earth covering the sides allows
a sufficient circulation of air, which takes the place of the warm air
escaping at the top. The proper temperature is thus obtained, which
prevents the beets from being heated to such a degree as to cause their
decomposition, which would take place were they entirel}^ covered. The
precaution of covering the beets with a thin layer of earth at harvesting
is of great service, as it insures them against the hoar frost. As the
season advances, to protect them from the heavier frosts, it will be
necessary only to add more earth to the whole surface.
This method of conservation answers all purposes, provided proper
care is taken. The great surface of the walls of the piles, and the large
amount of earth to be heaped up, render this method, nevertheless, quite
an expensive one.
Still another method has been devised, less expensive than the two
preceding ones. The beets are placed in heaps from six to eight metres
wide at the base, and from two to three metres in height, with gently
sloping sides covered with earth. The heap, which extends as far as
the supply of beets and the surface of the ground permits, is flat on top,
and covered with straw alone.
The only precaution to be taken is to admit the air to the heaps from
below, so that it may freel}'' penetrate the whole mass. In order to
effect this, air drafts are established by digging channels in the earth,
before storing the roots, to the depth and width of forty centimetres,
running transversely to the heaps, and of sufficient length to extend
beyond the pile when covered with earth, in order that the openings
may be free. This being done, the piles are covered with earth on the
sides and with straw on the top, and the air channels left open from
the outside. The circulation of the air will be free and in proportion to
the difference between the temperature of the pile and that of the out-
side atmosphere, and by this means good ventilation will be effected.
The only care required is to tend the air drafts, and not open them
unless the temperature of the outside air is above the freezing point.
For this purpose small heaps of dung ai'e kept ready near each opening,
with which they are to be stopped when the nights are too cold. In
order to ascertain the temperature of the mass, so that it can, when
desired, be maintained at a fixed point, there are set at different j)lace8 in
the mass channels made of small boards, jointed together, so as to form
an open-work frame, extending into the pile about half its height, in
which a thermometer can be placed, which may bo inspected from day
to day, in order that the progress of cooling may be watched. It is
thought that the temperature is sufficiently low at three or four degrees
above the freezing point, at which time the cooling process is stopped
and the openings closed. The straw on the top of the heap will be
sufficient to protect the beets from ordinary frosts. Should heavy frosts
302 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
be apprelicndcd, it will be well to cover the straw with a thin layer of
fresh manure or earth.
Where it is intended to preserve the beets for a long time, tlie first
method of conservation should be adopted, as the results obtained are
more satisfactory^, and as this method requires less attention.
When the beets are to be worked up during the fii*st month of fabri-
cation, the second method will suffice.
The third method is less costly than the first, but nearly an equal
amount of care is required for the superintendence of the pits.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 303
INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED AT THE EIGHTH ANNUAL FAIR OF THE NORTHERN DISTRICT,
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Hon. W. H. PAEKS, President.
Ladies and Gentlemen : It has been customary for the President, in
calling the society to order at each exhibition or fair, to make a few
remarks. Sometimes addresses have been prepared appropriate for the
occasion, and I do not know but what some one expects that I have
prepared such an address; but, unfortunately. Presidents are not always
chosen with a view to their capacity for delivering addresses, and at this
time you have such a President. 1 have not prepared such an address,
for the reason that my own business has occupied my whole time; and
whatever I say this evening will be impromptu, and such suggestions as
I think most appropriate.
I certainly can congratulate you, as each President has had occasion
to do before, upon the success of this society. Although the numbers
here to-night are but few, compared to those who have assembled here
before, the fair, the exhibition, the result is a success.
At the organization of this societ}', the successful cultivation of the
different fruits on exhibition here to-night was an experiment. The
organization was to encourage the cultivation of these fruits and the
grains which are bountifully supplied to us at this time. It is no longer
an experiment — no longer a problem as to whether we have a State capa-
ble of producing all the fruits desired by us;«no longer an experiment
whether our State is susceptible of producing all the grains that can be
consumed by its inhabitants and sufficient for millions besides; conse-
quently the numbers are not so great now as formerly, of those who take
active part in developing the resources of our State. This, perhaps,
may be an aj^ology for an apparent lack of interest in the citizens and
the members of the society.
There are interests, however, in my opinion, of greater importance
now than ever before. We have demonstrated that we can produce them
in abundance and surplus; and now comes the question, what shall we
do with the surplus? When we first commenced producing, we had a
population of miners, who consumed all that we produced; and three times
the amount we produced we had to import. It is now reversed. We
produce more than all our miners and all our inhabitants can consume,
and we must look to a foreign market ; and the question now comes, can
we compete with those who are more favorably situated in regard to the
304 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
market than we are ? This is one of the great questions which must yet
be solved, and it is an experiment as to whether this State shall succeed
as an exporting State.
We cannot with safety take as a basis the past three years, beeanse we
have had more than average seasons during this time; and at the same
time we have had a foreign demand that we have no right to expect in
coming years. Now, the question presents itself to this society, and
every member of this society who expects to be a producer : Can we
compete or not ? And instead of inducing persons to engage in the
products, now we must look to the exportation of what we raise.
We must look to our commerce. We must look to the mode and manner
of disposing of our crops. This is the question — much more difficult to
solve than the one of producing. It would be idle for me to attempt to
lay down any rules for this society. I can only suggest that the society
take such measures as are in its power for the solution of this question.
It is in the power of this society to act in conjunction with other soci-
eties to lessen the cost of production. It is in its power to assist in
lessening the cost of transportation ; to assist in reducing the commis-
sions of sale — almost to dictate the terms upon which our products shall
be disposed. By the terras. 1 mean mode and manner in which they
shall be shipped. Our commerce is impaired by extraordinary taxation.
There is, perhaps, no port in the world burdened with so heavy charges
as San Francisco; perhaps no place in the world where the freights are
so high as they are from any given point in this State to San Francisco,
for the same distance. These are the influences with which this society
and community have to deal. But perhaps, before looking to commerce
we must look to our own immediate affairs, that is, the matter of pro-
duction We are now producing at extraordinary expense, by which I
mean, as compared with other countries. It is only because our soil is
fertile and climate salubrious that we can at the present time compete
with other countries.
In this matter of production we find the labor question one that is
much agitated at this time, and has assumed such a shape that, perhaps,
it will not become me to discuss it. But I think it is one that every
body interested in the welfare of the State must reflect seriously upon,
and arrive at some definite conclusion. We need more laborers, and the
labor must be furnished at a less price. In order to get that labor, the
laborer must be protected in his right to labor. AVe have been here for
years waiting for capital ; we have invited capitalists to bring it here for
investment. And the first»question that capital asks, when it arrives in
the .State of California, is: Where is your labor. Where is your labor
to build railroads, to fill manufactories, to produce tea, coffee, sugar, silk
and hemp ? No one can tell, and capital retires.
Let this society, then, take some action on this question, and act in
unison. Let them see that some particular classes of laborers are per-
mitted to come to our State and labor for what we can afford to give
them, and not be molested by those who are here, who neither wish to
labor themselves or permit others to do so. Without it we cannot
expect to have manufactories, nor a large number of that desirable class,
the farmers — the small farmers. It is said by some that our farms are
too large, and must be sub-divided. I answer that it is at present impos-
sible for any small farmer to sustain himself It is not the enormous
profit that he makes in producing, but it is the small profit upon an
enormous quantity that enables him to farm at all. In order to have a
population of small farmers to enrich our country, as we eventually
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIFTT. 905
shall, labor mast be supplied to them at cheaper rates than are now
ruling. The one hinges upon the other.
Another qaestion that is now agitating the minds of many, is that of
doing away with fences — an item of enormous expense to farmers.
When a man invests one thousand dollars here for land, be is required to
invest two thousand dollars to fence it. Almost every man who desires
to farm, has the means and ability to acquire a small farm in this conn-
try : but there are those who cannot acquire even a small iarm and fence
it as required by law. In other words, one man with six or eight cows.
perhaps, will come into a neighborhood, and prevent ten men &om pro-
ducing a thousand bushels of wheat each. In my opinion it is most
absurd. There is no reason why one individual should pursue an occu-
pation to the great injury of hundreds of others ; no reason why A should
be compelled to build two mOex of fence that he may raise three hundred
bushels of grain to accommodate B who milks three c-ows. Let B take
care of his own cows ; let him fence ten acres, or in other words. let him
keep his property from trespassing on mine.
This question is just commencing to be agitated, because perhaps
stock keepers have heretofore predominated, and it would have cost more
to fence the stock than the grain ; now the thing is reversed and it costs
ten. yes twenty times the amount to fence the grain that it does the
stock. Should we not then welcome any measure of relief from this
burdensome tax of making and keeping in repair so much superfluous
fence.
There has been manifest in California a spirit of opposition to the
combination of capital. I think wrongly so I believe there is nothing
better for our State than that the land should become the property of
individaals. It is trae it would be better if we had an owner for every
one hundred and sixty acres within our State; but we have not the
inhabitants. And when they come here and demand the one hundred
and sixty acres they will be sure to get them. But in my opinion.
the sooner the land of California becomes private property the better
for the State; because where there is one man who will invest in land.
let it pay large or small, and that will let it lie idle, there are ten men
who will cultivate it to some extent. Therefore I say it is an induce-
ment to men to cultivate a large number of acves now. hoping at some
rime to realize a large fortune thereftt>m. It is yet a problem whether
such hopes may ever be realized.
As I said at the outset. I do not intend to discourse these various ques-
tions, but merely to suggest to the society the questions now before
them, which are of great importance. It is a question as to whether
the State shall maintain its present position as a producing State ; and
the answer hinges upon the manner in which these matters arc settled.
[ say that under existing circumstances it is impossible for this State to
produce grain and compete with other countries more favorably situated.
We cannot afford to export.
When the foreign demand is less than now our granaries will overflow
in less than .six months, and there will be no market for us. Then. I
say. we mast first have cheap freights, increased commerce, do awaj
with fencing and with every expense that is not actually and absolutely
necessary, and produce at a much less cost than we do now. Will this
society decide upon these questions ? You may say that the President
accords too much power to this society. I admit it. under the present
mode of management.
39
306 TRANSACTIONS OP THE
Whilst every man conies here merely to get a small premium upon the
largest apple, or the finest horse, or the biggest cow, the society has no
power; it only affords, perhaps, pastime tor a few to congregate and
exchange ideas ii])on the manner of raising fruit and stock. But it does
not meet the question. Each citizen must belong to the society ; must
hold himself responsible for its success, and not come here expecting
that six, eight or ten men will be respof)sible for its success, as is now
the case. I will venture to say that outside of twenty men tliere has
been no one to look after the affairs of this society, or to feel any very
deep interest, further than in the exhibition of his own particular pro-
ductions. And where one man comes with the spirit to sustain the
society and to make it a success, many come with a spirit of captiousness
and complain that they have not been fairly treated. By whom ? By
themselves ; they are the society. They have the say, and the}- have the
vote. But thc}' attempt to tear it to pieces. They have not yet suc-
ceeded, and I apprehend never will. But it makes it disagreeable, and
every man who has the honor of presiding over this society, either as
President or otherwise, once, resolves never to receive the like honor
again. And 1 confess that a man must ha\'e more good nature than I
possess to go through it without being somewhat roiled
I regret exceedingly that there is not a greater number of farmers
present to-night. I had prepared in my own mind a little ground work
■ for a talk to them, but on seeing that I had to address an audience, who
perhaps will not feel themselves responsible for the succei4s of this fair,
I am somewhat thrown off the track. I regret that I cannot entertain
them in a better manner. But I will excuse m3-self by saying that on
to-morrow evening if they will come, they will have ttie pleasure of lis-
tening to the eloquent Dr. McKaig, who will address them upon the sub-
ject of agriculture. And now, after thanking you all for following me
in these abrupt remarks, I will bid you good night.
STATE .VriRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 307
ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE NORTHERN DISTRICT FAIR AT ITS EIGHTH ANNUAL
SESSION, AUGUST TWENTY-FIFTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Rev. WILLIAM McKAIG.
Mr. President and Gentlemen of this Association : Allow me to congratu-
late you on being permitted to assemble again in this hall, under such
favorable auspices, to celebrate your annual industrial jubilee. Another
year ha.s rolled away, and Ceres from her golden horn has poured out a
bounteous harvest of flowers, fruit and grain, health and good cheer j
and now from the snow-fed springs of the mountain, the blooming vine-
yards of the foot-hills, and the broad and fertile valleys, you come
together in tents and booths, like the old Hebrews at the Feast of the
Tabernacle, after the autumnal vintage, to talk over the historj' of the
past, the prospects of the future, and display the prospects of your skill
and labor. It is too late now to question the utility of these industrial
convocations. It is admitted on all hands that agriculture, at least, has
greatly improved since the establishment of the custom of holding
annual fairs and exhibitions. Before that, the husbandman wanted the
improvement that comes from the fellowship of kindred workers, the
collision of ideas, the intei'change of experience and the zeal excited by
publicity and commendation. Scattered .widely over the face of the
countrj', immured in quiet rural seclusion, they saw but little beyond
their immediate neighborhood. They did not meet in annual conventions
for debate and mutual edification, as the ministers and physicians. They
were not quickened by professional rivalry and ambition as the lawyers
during Court term. The papers did not puft* and advertise the wondrous
products of the fields and vine^'ards as they did the wares and commodi-
ties of the- city merchant. Each farmer lived apart, doing his own work
in his own way; marketing his grain, vegetables and eggs; selling his
pork and wool in silent isolation ; learning nothing from the experience
of others, and rarely improving upon the methods of his ancestors. State
and county, agricultural associations have helped, perhaps, more than
any other agency, to break up this monotony and stagnation. They
bring tiie cultivators of the soil so intimately together, that the skill,
talent and experience of one becomes the heritage of all. Hence, pros-
perity'and increased intelligence have marked the historj' of every State
and community that has fostered these exhibitions.
You will hardly expect of me, however, an address upon any of the
subjects directly appertaining to the object of this association. My
308 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
studies and habits of thought wholly unfit me for the task, and I should
make myself ridiculous to attcm])t it. Eural life and industr}- as a school
of manhood, is the topic I have selected, and 1 trust you an ill find it in
some degree not unrelated to the occasion. Labor, like everything else.
Las an end in view. Its first and lowest aim is to make a living. Man
is a feeding animal, and that want is the spur that quickens his latent
energies. Hunger drives the savage to hunting, fishing, grubbing for
roots or planting a patch of corn and potatoes. Inclement Aveather
compels him to clean out a cave, thatch a hut and seek the rude mate-
rials he needs for clothing.
As Christianity was cradled in a manger, so our proud branching
material civilization was born of a sensation, received its first impulse
from the thrill of a nerve, the imperious cry of a ph3-sical want. But
he who toils merely to eat and drink, to pick bed and board out of
nature, pastures upon the surface of things, and is not far removed
from the instinct that prompts the animal to crop the grass, or the hawk
to pursue its prey. His firmament is a mud sky, and no bright ideals of
a better condition sing to him from the future. And yet how many there
are, even in the most enlightened community, who barely live from hand
to mouth, to wear out the dreary da}', mere plodders and drudgers tbat
never arise above the circumstances in which they were born. And he
■who lives solely for material gain, to add lot to lot, acre to acre, dollar
to dollar, is very little better off, in soul force and moral power, than the
groundling who lives to tickle a few nerves on the tip of the tongue. I
heard of a man, the other day, so completely materialized that the Asses-
sor was compelled to tax him as real estate. Could you look through
the body as a transparent glass case, and read the interior motives,
thoughts and purposes of the soul, you would be astonished to see how
many people there are happily lifted above pressing physical necessities
that are only half emerged from the earth, and not even " pawing to get
free," like Milton's lion, but are content to absorb, bloat and die.
But labor has still a higher end than merely to feed and clothe the
body or add to our possessions, and that is to idolize and perfect our
work. Through diversified agencies and with varied'talent one iscalle<l
to work out his mission as a sculptor, another to paint, another to sing,
another to plough, another to plead law, another to preach, and another
to practice medicine Now, it is a duty we owe to ourselves and to
humanity to do thoroughly whatever task is assigned to us. It is a noble,
manly ambition to make the best of our calling, though it be to shape a
horse shoe, drive a stage or sew a welt. The ambition is the spring of
all progress in the practical utilities, arts and inventions. It is the
healthy enthusiasm and emulation that gives us such wonderful improve-
ments in machinery, model farms, tasteful gardens, charming varieties of
fruits and flowers, and fine breeds of horses, cattle and sheep. Your
agricultural associations are helping to foster this spirit of generous
rivalry by the premiums, medals and public honor given to the most suc-
cessful competitor. Onlj' so far as the farmer is possessed by the ambi-
tion to excel in his special calling will he rise above the drudgery and
routine of a mere plodder.
But there is a still higher end to labor than merely to excel in one's
calling, and Avear the red and blue ribbons of honor. To live merely
to excel in one's special art and vocation is good, but not the best
thing a man can do for liiFnself. Labor must do more than feed and
clothe, take out patents, and smirk and grin for an hour's applause. It
should ennoble the worker, enrich his mind, sharpen his perceptions
STATE A(}RICULTURAL SOCIETY. 309
store liis meinoiy, regale his imugination, elevate his aims, strengthen
his principles, and in short make him a wiser, truer, better man. The
chief end of every vocation should be the fullest, ripest manhood of all
who are engaged in it; and just so far as it fails to secure this result
it becomes a drag upon the highest energies of the soul. It is not age
that makes the man. You may find some men that stand six feet high,
with broad shoulders, looking down into a well of memor}' forty or fifty
years deep, that are mere boobies. They are men only in avoirdupois.
•■' We live in deeds, not years ; in thoughts, not breaths ;
lu feelings, not in figures on a dial.
Wo should count time by heart throbs. lie most lives
Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best."
We come to manhood onl}^ in the comprehension, development and
maturity of all the faculties we possess. To attain that perfection of
our powers should be the aim of our life, and every calling and pur-
suit should be made as far as possible to contribute to that end. The
soul possesses "the powers of an endless life." This world is its first
school to educate those powers. Every calling you pursue is to some
extent a teacher in this school; and if the farmer, the trader, the arti-
san, the ph3'sician, the law3'er and the minister has not been made truer,
nobler, stronger by his vocation, then his life has been a lamentable
failure. Xow, the life of the farmer and dwellers in the rural districts,
it seems to me. are peculiarly fitted to produce a broad and generous
development of some of the most noble and sterling qualities of man-
hood. I am sure, at least, that their condition has been too greatly
underrated and restricted.
Allow me to call you attention to some elements of a noble manhood
that country life and agricultural pursuits may help to foster.
The first element of manhood I name, is physical health and manly
vigor. We cannot too highlj' value bodily energy, a robust constitution,
good digestion, steady nerves and strong, tough thews. They are as
essential to a well developed manhood as a deep, solid foundation is to
the stability of a building. The soul carries the body as the tree its
bark or the snail its shell, and so long as this marriage of matter and
mind continues, thej^ are practically one, and must naturally bear each
other's infirmities. Like the Siamese twins, they breathe and walk
simultaneously, and one cannot take a spree and the other keep sober.
Hence, the trite law of Juvenal, "a sound mind in a sound body '' can-
not be despised by any one who wishes to realize his fullest powers.
You must possess physical health in order to be intellectual!}' and
spiritually well. The heart must pulsate rythmically in order to feel
happy. A bilious condition makes an atrobilious temper Peccant
humors in the blood fills the mind with all kinds of dismal fogs and
vapors. Without good health and bodil}' vigor, fine talents, the inspira-
tion of genius, refined tastes and a bountiful supply of wit and humor
only intensifies one's misery by making him conscious of powers he dare
not fully exert. Now, it is happily the lot of the farmer to follow a
calling that, perhaps more than any other, furnishes that desirable
element of manhood, good health and a bountiful supply of physical
vigor. All manual toil tends to develop the body but not all in equal
proportion. Some only call into exercise a certain set of faculties, such
as the eye, the ear, the touch, and hence the physical benefits are partial,
Some exert deleterious influence and tend to shorten life. Thus, our
life tables show that printers, mechanics, painters, tailors and shoemakers
310 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
have the lowest averacje. Indoor confinement, want of sufficient exer-
cise, breatbing irritating substances and noxious odors from tbe material
of their work, reduces their average to thirty-six. At the head of the
health list stands the farmer, whoso average is sixty-four, seven years
longer than the lawyer or minister, ten years longer than the doctor,
and nearly thirteen j-ears longer than the blacksmith and jeweller.
Such is the influence of farm labor and country air on physical vigor.
It gives the longest lease upon life.
And then the dwellers in the rural districts are exempt from those
tempting artificial irregularities that so carl}' sap and wither humanity
in large towns and cities. Saloons, theatres, gaming clubs, billiard
rooms and restaurants, with their brilliant lights and gorgeous attire, do
not attract the laborer, at the close of the day's work, to late hours-,
dissipation and unnatural excesses. He is not so apt to arise with a bad
headache in the morning, a macaroni sky, and fagged, jaded and irritable,
drag himself languidly to his work. How many worn by thought, har-
rassed by commercial cai'e, or broken down by carousal and connival
pleasures, have exclaimed with Talleyrand, "Oh, that sleep could be
bought — that it was in the market at any quotation." The farmer is not
liable to this nervous sleeplessness, does not have to woo Morpheus with
opiates, cordials and hot slings, and is not apt to be chased in his sleep
by horrid monsters, bitten by ogres, and awakened by strange noises,
stumbling over graves or plunging into rolling floods. Yon may safely
wager that the young bacchinal Avho dreamed that the devil came one
night and sat down upon his stomach, holding the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment in his lap, did not live on a ranch. And then what an appetite the
field laborer has ? He needs no rum bitters, nor brandy cocktails, to
appreciate his breakfast. And what large families they have in the
country. Fresh rosy girls, that blush without paint, and stalwart boj'S
that do not stray out too late at night and early wreck their virtue and
manhood upon the Barbary Coast.
The second element of manhood consists in mental activity and a richl}"
furnished mind. Man is distinguished from all the lower orders by his
intellectual nature. Tbe birds sing but they never cortpo.^e music. The
bee and the beaver build but they possess no S3-stem of architecture.
The cattle roam in bands but they have no social organization. In poetic
license, instinct may be considered as the dim harbinger of reason, but
in no sense whatever can a man's dog ever rise to the dignitj- of a con-
scious partner or shareholder along with its master in the responsible
trust of thinking freel}' and wisely directing. Only so far as you think
do you live, and come into possession of j-our patrimonj' of existence.
You live by eating, and wisel}- directed thought is a mode of mental
nourishment. As the strength of the laboring man demands a regular
supply of good solid food, so too, no one can hope to possess vigor of
mind, agility of thought in planning and combining, who does not regu-
larly supply the mind with wholesome material tor thought. If you
need cordials, appetisers, daintj^ morsels and pungent condiments to give
you an apj)etite for j'our food, you are certainly in a bad wa}'; but if
you have a keen relish for the ordinary' staples of the table 3'ou have
reason to be thankful that you are in such good condition. So, too, if
curiosity, the ajipetite of the mind, is wide awake to the beauty, order
and wealth of the universe, and can find regalement in good books and
journals, or art, science, history or some of the inviting walks of litera-
ture, then you are in a healthy state; but if the common-jjlaces of con-
versation, the saws about the weather, neighborhood gossip, the items of
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 311
the market, monc}- quotations, and the price of corn, pork or wool, be
sufficient to absorb and entertain you, then your intellect ma}' as well
speak for its shroud. Cultivated thought emancipates one from the nar-
row and restricted sphere of his calling and profession. No man should
allow his business to measure his intellectual growth. No matter how
useful or elevated it may be, you cannot afford to bury ^.11 j'our powers
in it. Tlie universe is around j'ou ; eternity is before j'ou. All these
stars are but the footlights of a mightier drama than any that can be
enacted on the stage of time. And shall we who are destined so soon to
take part in that endless scene, content ourselves in merely crawling
over sacks of grain and bales of merchandise ? And yet how many there
are whose geography consists in running a section line, whose astronomy
an occasional glance at the stars over the chimney tops, wiiose geology
is all piled up iu a stone fence, and whose botany is the dimension of a
vegetable garden. It is all well enough to talk of fine apples and pears,
splendid trotters and sleek Devons, but we must not forget that the fer-
tilit}' and productiveness of mind takes precedence to every thing else.
A well stored mind is the most substantial of our possessions. It
cannot take fire or run away. It needs no lock and key, nor insurance
polic}'. Even death cannot eject you from such a heritage. And now
it is the common impression that rural life and industry is not quite so
propitious a school for intellectual health and strength as it is for physi-
cal development. This may be true, but I am sure that it is richer in
resources for thought and mental vigor than many are accustomed to
think. If the cultivator of the soil has no higher ambition than merelj^
to excel in his special calling and wear off the honors and premiums of
the tiair. he will need the vigorous exercise of his reflective powers.
Skilled labor pays better than plodding routine, and dull stolid content-
ment with the old methods. And what if any bumpkin that can yoke a
pair of steers and deftly twist a whip-cracker, can raise fine fields of
wheat and barley, mealy potatoes and fat beeves; can any one, who has
ever felt the pulsation of I)ivinity within him, be content to graduate the
capacity of his intelligence to this standard ? Then agricultural colleges,
journals, fairs, and the many able works written on chemistr}^ in relation
to the soil, pomology, horticulture, the different breeds of horses, cattle
and sheep, are fast elevating the pursuit of husbandrj' into a science, and
no wakeful mind can willingl}- consent to live in ignorance of the litera-
ture of its special vocation. Everj' one should, up to his measure of
ability, keep step with the age in which he lives. He should know some-
thing of its material developments, the progress of science, art, litera-
ture, i)olitics and religion. And who hasa deeper interest in these things
than the farmer ? In some degree all these avenues of knowledge and
elevating enjoyment lie open to his exploring curiosity. The farmer
who economizes his time, and who does not allow his business to make
a drudge of him, may in rural quietude find more leisure for reading
and meditation than the merchant or mechanic in the city, living
in the midst of the excitement of trade, and hotly driven by sharp
competition.
Another element of true manhood is a love and appreciation of the
beautiful. AH those material objects which give us pleasure in the
simple contemplation of their outward qualities belong, more or less, to
the realm of the beautiful. We are made to admire, to be pleased,
attracted and thrilled with jo}-, as well as to think, reason and analyze,
and certain forms, sounds and actions are endowed with ttie mysterious
power of producing pleasurable emotions. A good taste is the capacity
312 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
of recciviii"^ pleasure spontaneou.sly from those objects that were
intei)(lod by the Creator to be irratefiil and pleasing. Now, this is too
fair and lari;;e a domain of the soul to be left wholly uncultivatecJ. And
yet its i^ates are thoui^ht to be closed against the cultivator of the soil.
He has to deal with utility, and not with the beautiful. Hence it has
become common to speak of country people as rustics, bumpkins, clod-
poles and mudsills. The ])olitician calls them the bone and sinew 6f the
land, a compliment equally due to horses and cattle. Now. 1 am confi-
dent that rural life and industry are far more favorable to the develop-
ment of the finer sensibilities than they get credit for. It is true the
farmer has no access to academies of design or galleries of art, and does
not daily walk to his business under the shadow of sumptuous architec-
ture, like the dwellers in the city. But, then, he dwells in God's si)acious
studio, and ma}" acluall}^ see infinite thought at work shaping the clouds
and painting the hills and fields in variegated hues and tints. It is God's
ideal of beauty that breaks upon you in the glorious sunrise, that is
spread before you in the picturesque landscape and sculptured hills and
mountains — those " great cathedrals of the earth, with their gates of
rock, pavement of clouds, choirs of stream and stone, altai's of snow and
vaults of purple traversed by the continual stars."
For, after all, what is nature but the embodiment of Divine thought,
the graceful and flowing vesture that enwraps ineffable beauty, order
and harmony. No beauty in a farmer's life I Walk through this Pavil-
ion and gaze upon the fruits and flowers displayed upon these tables.
These are not artificial, mere fruit and flower pieces of artistic skill, but
miracles. Landseer and Bonheur may paint the most finished represen-
tatives of animal life, the horse, the dog, the cow, but you possess the
original pictures which they copy. Surely the sweep of fields, snow-
crested mountains, woodland glades, orchards, vineyards and gardens
ought to be more soothing and refining to the soul than the piles of
brick and mortar, the clatter of drays and milk wagons, and the cease-
less roar of mammon. And allow me to suggest to the farmer that it is
a duty he owes to his manhood, to the public good, to ":ive more atten-
tion to the esthetics of his calling. It is said that ;in ill-natured woman
will knead her irritable disposition into the bread she makes, and thus
affect the whole family with her unamiable temper. Be this as it may,
we know that every man stamps his individuality upon his woi'k. As
3'ou ride through the lane and look at a shabb}', unpainted house, a
straggling woodpile, rickety gates, sloven fences, and the mangy aspect
of things in general, 3'ou say instinctively^ that a clownish, boorish mind
must dwell there. A man cannot live in a muss, with pigs rooting in
the doorj'ard, hens cackling in the kitchen, and everything in '■ confu-
sion worse confounded," without becoming demoralized. Chameleon-
like, we reflect the hue of our surroundings. Rural ornamentation,
neatness and taste in architecture, and display of shades, flowers and
smoothl}' shaved lawns would make home inviting and keoj) your sons
and daughters from longing to escape from the dullness of the country
to the gidd}' whirl and dissij)ation of the city. And let no one say
that the farmer has no time to indulge in fancies of taste and refine-
ment. He has man}' an hour of leisure quite sufficient for these little
artistic endowments, once his sensibilities are quickened into a livel3'
appreciation of taste and beauty.
Another element of manhood I must not overlook, is moral integrity.
As j'ou set 3'our time pieces b}' the sun and adjust your hours of toil by
solar regularities, so our moral nature should be regulated by the great
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 313
law of truth. ri<;lit and justice. And now 1 may add that a very bad
man in the country must be akin to the devil. The outward solicitations
to evil are not so imperious there. The spirit of cupidity and gain rages
in the country, but as competitions are not so sharpl}'" defined, and the
clashings of self interest so fierce and hotly contested as in the city, the
torrent is less apt to sweep you awaj'. In the city the spirit of avarice
is intensified into a furnace heat. The only problem seems to be how to
make the most monej' in the shortest time If conscience should stray
out of the Sabbath and get in the way, it must be run over. Hence you
may pass across the diameter of the city and scarcely see anything to
remind j'ou ofGod and eternal things, unless it be the passing of a funeral
cortege, casting its silent and transient lesson upon the hurrj-ing scene.
There is certainly more danger of men being wrecked u])on these wild
social breakers than those who are further out upon a calmer sea In the
cit\' the incentives to jovial vice, amorous and dissolute pleasures, and
wasteful indulgences are tricked out in their most showy and witching
costumes. Even the fine arts, poetry, music, painting, wit and beauty
all combine to give a picturesque charm to the broad road, and conceal
the dismal abyss in which it terminates. Now. you who live in the coun-
try are not drummed and serenaded by the devil in this way. Fewer
temptations stray into the country and prowl among the fields, and
therefore we naturally expect to find more virtue and temperance in the
rural home. Then, again, the dwellers in the country are not so much
annoyed by those little cares and frets that disturb the equanimity of
city people. You have no city taxes to pay. You are not worried by
butchers' bills, gas bills, water bills and rent bills evejy da}'. Mother
Grundy's eye is not upon \-ou every time you step out of the gate.
There is no water or chalk in your milk. Y'our butter is not strong
enough to walk. Your fruits and vegetables are always fresh and
savory. You have j-our local cares and ti'oubles, I know. It is very
aggravating to have j'our crops damaged by breechy cattle, or the dogs to
get among your sheep, but on the whole, there is no mode of life so con-
ducive to a serene, happy and contented existence as the farmer.
And now let me exhort you to magnify your calling. It may be made
the school of some of the noblest and most amiable virtues that can
adorn humanity. No clan is so independent and free. The financial
storms that topple down the great commercial houses that stand on the
contingencies of trade do not desolate your quiet so severely.
Remember that agriculture is the chief source of the nation's wealth.
Commerce exchanges it. Manufactures onl}' improve its quality. But
agriculture is the productive power that multiplies it. Without the
farmer the loom would stand idle, the mill cease to hum, the locomotive
rust on the iron rail and the great ships drop to pieces in the harbor.
Without agriculture, in fact, these great symbols of utilitarian invention
and activity could never have come into existence.
Agriculture fosters the patriotic spirit. TJae fee simple to a spot of
ground is the germ of liberty. The man who stands upon his own soil
feels that his personal interest is bound up in the honor and inviolability
of the law that protects him He feels that of the great globe, fashioned
by the hand of God and sent wheeling through boundless space, a cer-
tain portion is his, from the centre to the stars ; and this consciousness
of independence kindles the love of freedom.
And let we also congratulate this society on the stability agricultui'e
40
314 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
is giving to the population of this State. The first exodus of emigrants
came for gold, with no settled purpose of staying here. They were
nomadic, restless, living in tents, wandering along river courses, clamber-
ing up the mountain slopes, and diving in dismal canons and gulches,
and when they had found the coveted boot}", hurried back home Thus
for years the wealth of the State flowed steadily out of the (l(jlden Gate
into the P^astern market, returning no equivalent. You have perhaps
heard of the "laj'ing machine" invented and patented by a live Yankee.
It was so constructed that the egg dropped through the nest into a
pocket below, out of sight, and the hen, failing to find it, concluding she
had made a mistake, went to work to lay another, and so on ; but it was
soon found out that, however i^rofitable the machine was to the owner,
it was very hard on the hen. The steady outflow of gold ma}' have been
very gratifying to Eastern and European capitalists, but it was very hard
on California The discovery of the agricultural resources of the State
has changed this state of things, by giving permanenc}' to the popula-
tion, and hence turning capital towards us instead of away from us.
You live in a remarkable State, stretching itself over ten degrees of
latitude, washed on one side by the sea, and walled on the other by
mountain ranges. Where on earth will j'ou find more generous soil, a
greater variety of climate, grander scenery, richer deposits of minerals,
a more salubrious atmosphere, and orchards and gardens teeming with
every variety of temperate and tropical fruits and flowers. All this
natural wealth and beauty has been brought to within a few hours of the
East by the recent completion of the continental railroad. Before 3'our
Pacific front stands the nations of the Old World throwing open their
harbors and markets. It remains with the farmers, more than any other
class, to say whether we are worth}' to possess this goodly land, and to
lay broad and deep, upon God, humanity and conscience, the foundation
of this new State. Whether our schools, colleges, churches and indus-
trial institutes shall be cherished by so enlightened a liberality as to
become a joy and benefaction to posterity. Whether, in short, a race
of men can be developed here whose moral and intellectual worth will
be commensurate with the products of this genial soil afid sky.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 315
PROCEKDINaS
OF THE
UPPER SACRAMENTO AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
FOR 1869.
Office UrPER Sacramento Agricultural Society, )
Pavilion, Chico, December 27th, 1869. j
/. ^V. Iloag, for (he Stdic Board of Agriculture :
Dear Sir : Your letter of November seventeenth to G-eneral Bidwell,
President of this association, requesting information in regard to the
proceedings of the society for the present year, has been referred to me,
and I have the honor to transmit the following statements :
Our society was organized in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, as the
Butte County Agricultural Society, and held a fair that season, which
proved very successful, particular!}" when the short time for preparation
and the total inexperience of all concerned in the management are con-
sidered.
Another fair was held by the societ}" in eighteen hundred and sixt}^-
eight, which was well attended, but which, from various causes, did not
prove as great a financial success.
At the annual meeting of eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, the society
was reorganized under the present name, and the field of its operations
extended to embrace the Counties of Butte, Colusa, Plumas, Tehama,
Shasta and Lassen, and a Board of Agriculture elected as follows:
President — J. Bidwell.
Vice Presidents— W. N. De Haven, S. M. Sproul, G. C. Perkins, C. L.
Wilson.
Treasurer — J. C. Noonan.
Secretary — E. Hallet.
Directors— M. Biggs, D. M. Reavis, J. L. Keefer, J. C. Mandeville, G.
F. Nourse. J. J. MoVehead, W. P. Tilden. W. F. Cheney, B. F. Allen, J.
Thompson, S. T. Brewster, G. W. Hoag, J. Boggs, J. Billion, J. C. Tyler,
H. A. Rawson, G. H. Messersmith, H. B. Sheldon, J. J. Bell, G. 1. Tag-
gai't, A. W. Heitzig.
It being already evident that we had a season of light crops and low
prices, with the resulting financial pressure to contend with, it became a
matter of very serious discussion whether it was policy to hold a fair
this season; but it was finally decided to attempt it, and the inclosed
316
TRANSACTIONS OF TIIK
premium list, offorins^ sixteen hundi-od and fift}- doiliirs, and speed pro-
gramme, amounting to fourteen hundred dollars (to wliieh was afterwards
added another pui-se of one hundred and fifty dollars), was published
and wi(Jel3' circulated.
The fairs of preceding years having been held in temporary buildings,
it was decided to build a jjernianent Pavilion, and one was erected,
eighty feet by ninetj'-six feet, at a cost of about foui- thousand five
hundred dollars, on a block of land in Chico, donated to the society bj*
General J. Bid well.
The fair held from September twenty-eighth to October second was
very successful — a show of stock not excelled by any district society in
the State, and a display of produce, fruit, vegetables and manufactures
that filled the Pavilion.
The following is a summarj- of the entries of leading animals and
articles :
Horses — Thoroughbred
Eoadsters
Draught
Of all work ,
Saddle
Mules
Jacks
Cattle — Thorough bred ,
Grades
Sheep — Thoroughbred
Grades
Goats — Cashmere or Angora.
Swine
Poultry
Whole number entries of stock.
Produce
Produce — Manufactured .
Manufactured articles
Mining products
Cabinet minerals
Agricultural implements.
Needle and fancy work..
"Works of art
Miscellaneous
Whole number,
17
26
5
O
15
13
28
25
8
0
11
250
89
124
49
7
1
18
104
36
:^9
550
The larger part of the animals on exhibition were the best stock in
the State, of their respective varieties, many of them having taken^pre-
miums at the State and Northern District Fairs.
In addition to the articles for which premiums were offered by the
society were fine exhibits of silkworms and cocoons, by Messrs. j. Sie-
bert, of Marysville, and A. P. Smith, of Sacramento ; woollen goods.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 817
from the Capital and Marysville mills; a lace robe, by Mrs. fJoberts,
intended as a present to Miss Nellie Grant, and many other arliclcs.
I inclose the oponin<T address of the President. The annual address,
by Hon. George Barstow, we have already published, and forwarded you
a copy.
The financial condition of the society is healthy. We were forced to
incur a small del)t in building, but hold property to more than twice the
amount.
Hereafter, with the railroad f\\cilities now nearly approaching comple-
tion, the heav}' expense of building partial!}' met, the public interest
generally aroused, and the aid of the experience of the past, we trust,
within a reasonable time, to make our annual fairs an attraction to all
who take an interest in agriculture and its kindred arts; and who does
not ?
Very I'espectfully, your obedient servant,
E. HALLET,
Secretary.
318 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
OPKMNG ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE UPPER SACRAMENTO AORICULTURAL SOCIETY,
SEPTEMBER TWENTY-SIXTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By General JOHN BIDWELL, President.
Memlers of the Upjyer Sacramaito Agricultural Societj/, and Ladies and
Gentlemen : On occasions like this it is customary, as you are aware, for
the presiding officer to deliver an opening address, dilating upon the
importance of agriculture and portraying in glowing terms tl)o resources
of the country, present and prospective; but I have neither time nor
inclination to enter upon, much less perform such a task; nor do I
believe that you, under the circumstances, desire such at my hands.
Officers of an agricultural society, if they discharge their duties as
they should, occupy anything but sinecure positions. No amount of
smooth words, or lazj' good humor, or self-laudation will suffice to fill
the chasm of inefficiency. They must work — that is the word, work —
and triumph or fall by their work. Active, earnest, efficient work knows
no such word as fail. And, my friends, it is a glorious cii'cumstance that
we live in an age of universal activit}' — in a country of libert}' and pro-
gress, where it is no disgrace to toil. We should recognize labor as the
foundation of prosperity"; and no man can plead as an excuse that it is
not honorable to work; but iill ought to work, with hands or head,
people and officers alike. It is not enough for members of such a society
to elect officers, resolve to hold a fair, and then fold their arms and say
all is done. But, pardon the comparison of small with great things,
how long would our government, or any other free government, last
without the active sj-mpathy and support of the people? Expenses
must be paid, and moral and material forces brought into requisition.
The life of a society like this, as that of a nation, dojicnds on the exis-
tence and efficienc}' of these essential conditions. When a government
or societ}^ is organized, it has but just begun its career. Sympathy and
material support are its vital atmosphere. As " eternal vigilance is the
price of liberty," so is earnest and ceaseless ertbrt the price of success.
For the two preceding j-ears, the local or Butte County Agricultural
Fairs were temporarily j)rovided with a structure dignified with the
name of Pavilion. The plan of annuall}' building up and tearing down
was deemed bj- the present officers unwise and not to be continued. It
was believed that prominent and enterprising citizens ol' adjoining coun-
ties would come to our aid and do much to promote the object and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 319
success of ihe annual exhibition (which we have come here to celebrate)
and share equally with us in the beneficent results sure to flow from the
exchange of hajtpy greetings and peaceful rivalry. With these views
and objects, it was but fair to give the citizens of other counties equal
rights and representation. To this end it became necessary to reorganize
and merge into a district organization, under the name of the " Upper
Sacramento Agricultural Society," embracing the (bounties of Butte,
Colusa, Tehama, Sliasta, Plumas and Lassen, and such others as may
unite with us in the future. This accomplished, an appeal was made for
means to erect a structure which should be of ample proportions to
answer the present and prospective wants of the society; a building
which could be so far advanced, with the means we might reasonabl}^
expect, as to answer the purposes of the present fair; one that could,
when the financial condition of the society should permit, be appropri-
ately finished.
A firm Itrick foundation, three feet high — eighty b}* ninety-six feet —
with two cross walls, was laid, and a substantial frame erected thereon.
The outside boarding, though substantial, is temporary; but the floor
and roof may be considered good and permanent. But further
description is unnecessary. Without drawing somewhat upon your
imaginations you may not be able to form a proper conception of this
now unfinished edifice when it shall have been completed. But draw
u])on your fancy as you may — picture to j^ourselves this temple of
industry', surmounted with cupola or dome, embowered amidst stately
trees; this vast aisle and transept arched and groined, and these walls
decorated with mottoes and allegorical frescoes — all these tilings and
more are within the possibilities of the near future, if the people will
that they shall be done, and furnish the means. Industry, and rivalry
and develojiment — these will secure all that we need, and satisfy our
fondest hopes. In attempting to make these allusions — this sort of
general and imperfect report of the doings of this society, let me say,
the work itself is the best witness as to what we have done. Whether
or not it meets with the intelligent expectation of those who have a right
to call us to account, I can conscientioush^ say it is all we have been
able to do. We present it to you as the result of your willing contribu-
tions, and trust that you will find in it something worthy of your appro-
bation. We are here to exchange kindly greetings, and celebrate our
annual jubilee ; and we have reason to rejoice and return thanks to a
gracious Providence, who has crowned the land with abundant harvests,
and filled our hearts with gladness. We are here, my friends, in the
interest of labor, of harmony and good will, and of all that makes us a
prosperous and progressive people, to dedicate this hall to agriculture.
It rose at your command ; it is tilled with the products of your industry.
Accept it at our hands, and make this occasion one of sincere rejoicing.
And more than that — make it a season of profit as well as pleasure, that
all may be able to say, when they shall return to their homes, that it
was good to have been here; that they feel encouraged, and their
ambition aroused, to excel in their various callings. It is an auspicious
indication to see the growing interest felt in these annual exhibitions.
It is in your power to make them occasions not only of happy reunions,
but of lasting benefit to all; and it is hard to imagine how any can
return from here without feeling amply recompensed. If, however,
there is a son of Adam so buried in avarice, so fascinated with the
bubbles and frivolities of idleness — in a word, so lost to the firier sensi-
bilities of his nature, as not to feel the kindling power of emulation — his
320 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
case is one of commiseration ; he is, indeed, a drone in the hive of
industry. But if one spark of genuine humanity is left in his bosom,
there is hope — Iiope that the spark may become ignited into a flame —
hope that he will resolve to add his mite to the sum of activity, which
carries the country forward in its career of prosperity, and annually
return to compete in the race of merit, where excellence alone should
win the prize. No man is so Avise that he cannot learn ; none so high
as not to be dependent on his neighbors; none so rich that he cannot
be taught economy ; none so prosperous that he may not be benefited
by the knowledge and experience of other men ; none so humble that
be may not rise.
It may be proper to allude to one or two obstacles to the completeness
of the exhibition the present year. The season for fruit has not been
favorable. In comparison Avith formers-ears, grapes have been almost a
failure ; and the same may be said of most products of the orchard.
The failure has been both in quantity and quality of the fruit, owing,
doubtless, to the small amount of rain last winter and spring, and the
few daj's of unusually hot weather in July. Another effect or pecu-
liarity of the season has been : fruits ripened and disappeared a month
earlier than ever before, Avithin the memorj' of the oldest inhabitant.
I maj'^ be pardoned, perhaps, for making one more excuse and count-
ing it among the obstacles against which we have had to contend, and
that is, the stringency of the money market, which is without parallel.
The land is groaning with plenty, but amidst this abundance every man
feels poor. One thing is evident, there is no available and adequate
market for farm products. Look at your granaries, they are literally
bursting with the staff of life. Look at the banks of the Sacramento,
they are barricaded with grain awaiting shipment. There is, in this
state of affairs, no sufficient circulating medium. Importations carry
away all the gold and silver, and there is nothing left with which to
transact business. From what source are we to find relief? 1 do not
pretend to comprehend the intricacies of financial strategy by which a
few men rule the entire Pacific coast. One thing is clear — a crisis is
upon us. The most apathetic must feel it. The year eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine has been made memorable by the completion of the great
transcontinental railway, and we are suddenly brought into more inti-
mate relations with the Atlantic States and Europe. The mystery and
romance of our isolation have been snatched away and we now stand
face to face with the world.
In this changed condition of affairs, what is to be done? Fold our
arms and wait for something to turn up? 1 answer, by no means. To
me the solution of the problem seems not difficult; but it may be more
readily said than done. We must compete, and competition means labor.
Look at the vast array of our importations. We must either go to
manufacturing or continue to export the precious metals. It now ^akes
all our gold and silver, as soon as they are dug from the ground, and
a considerable portion of our agricultural products, to pay for what we
consume and wear out, a very considerable proportion of which, suffi-
cient, in my judgment, to relieve this coast from the very embarrass-
ments we now suffer, can, and by ever}' consideration of wise policy or
local pride, should be manufactured in this Slate. But I have no time
to enter into detail or speculation. Look at the vast — aye, unlimited
water power of the Pacific coast! Consider this mild and salubrious
climate! See the exhaustless fountain of cheap labor in China and
Japan. Cannot these advantages be made to avail us anything ? I tell
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 321
yon, my friends, that if we remain inert and fail to grasp the logic of
this new order of things, our prestige is gone — business must languish —
our prosperity deferred It is not necessary to dive into the severe logic
of political economists; Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill may be laid
on the shelf. J^ot cai>italists begin at once, and S])end in the next two
years as much in building up manufactures as they have in the past two
years in wild and fruitless speculations in mines, and, my word for it,
such an imj)etus to permanent prosperity' would be given as to be wholly
without parallel in the history of the State. Reduce, as fast as prac-
ticable, the importations, and you will have enough gold to fill every
man's pocket ; every man who shall, by his industry, deserve it, will be
sure to have it.
Wait and hope, and speculate as we may, I do not believe that real
and permanent prosperity will dawn upon us until we become, to a con-
siderable extent, a manufacturing as well as agricultural and mining
State. We are at too great a distance from the j^rincipal grain markets
of the world to make our wheat take the place of gold, except in times
of famine or great scarcity abroad.
According to The Commercial Herald and Market Review, a paper pub-
lished in San Francisco, thei*e were bound to that port, on the seventeenth
of this month, no less than one hundred and thirty-nine vessels. Of
these, thirty-four were from New York, seven from Boston, twenty-seven
from Liverpool, sixteen from Australia, etc. Now, what are these vessels
bringing to exchange for your gold y The first thing I notice is five
hundred and seventy-five barrels of alcohol, because it begins with A.
But looking down the list I find six thousand six hundred and thirtj^-five
barrels of whiskey; or, reckoning each barrel at forty gallons, two
hundred and sixty-five thousand four hundred gallons ; this at two dol-
lars per gallon (1 believe the article rates at about that figure) amounts
to more than half a million of dollars. Do not imagine this is all the
whiskey consumed on this coast; by no means. This item of half a
million of dollars worth is simply what is on the way here at this par-
ticular time to make up the deficiency ; it has nothing to do with the
magnificent operations of manufacturing whiskey and brandy in Cali-
fornia. So much for that. Next are four thousand seven hundred
hogsheads of coal ; also, seven thousand two hundred and eighty-three
tons of the same. These are probably a necessity, like many other
things. But what about four thousand one hundred and seventy-three
packages of boots and shoes? Our hills and plains are covered with
cattle, and still hundreds of thousands of dollars must be sent away to
pay for boots and shoes. Gold is the only thing, as a rule, which they
will take in exchange. And what next? Fifty-four thousand four
hundi'cd and seventeen boxes of candles ! In this land of verdure and
sunshine, where domestic animals live in winter as well as summer on
spontaneous pasture ; where the very clouds drop fatness all over the
land; can we not, ought we not, I ask, manufacture our own candles?
Next, thirteen thousand three hundred and forty-six boxes of soap;
also, thirty-eight thousand one hundred and seventy-three casks, kegs,
cases and packages of pickles, preserves, etc. But I cannot specify ; the
list is too great. I am aware that the vessels bringing these things to
us M'ill take away some wheat — four to eight millions of dollars worth
perhaps, during the entire year, provided they can get it at low figures,
so low as to be ruin to the producer. But it takes all our gold, besides.
41
322 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
to pay the balance against us; and Iiero, where our currency is gold,
gold we must have or all business will languish and die. But there is
no need of discouragement if we will but seize the reins and put the car
in motion. Do not understand me that manufactures are the only
desideratum. We want combination and co-operation of enterprise.
Agriculture niust be better and more varied, to embrace everything
within the i-ange of our unequalled and diversified soil and climate.
Mining should be carried on with more intelligent economy and better
comparative results. All the parts of the industrial resources of the
country should come into play, for they are all nccessar}-- to make the
sum of that prosperity which awaits our bidding These exhibitions of
peaceful rivalry are just what wo need to stimulate us to greater and
greater results. They are the fruit of industry and measure the length
and breadth and depth of enterprise. They should therefore receive at
our hands all duo encouragement, that may show us to be a people
worthy our name and pretensions ; free, enlightened, refined, pi-ogressive.
Before closing, 1 beg leave to say to those who are here from a dis-
tance, Avo are glad to see you and feel honored by your presence. We
are aware of the inconveniences inseparably connected with the sojourn
of a lai'ge number of people in a small town. But I sincerely trust
there will be no such thing as extortion or other cause of complaint.
The people of Chico will, I believe, do all in their power to render the
stay of their visitors agreeable. I must not omit to express the thank-
fulness of this society to those whole-souled, liberal-minded citizens of
this and adjacent counties, who have in our time of need so generously
lent us a helping hand.
The ladies, whose kind and timely assistance was so acceptable in dec-
orating this hall, have our special thanks. Finally, to one and all,
ladies, gentlemen and children who grace the occasion by your presence,
I greet you in the name of our society with a sincere and heartfelt
welcome. Good night.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 323
AGRICULTURAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE UPPER SACRAMENTO AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, AT
ClIICO, SEPTEMBER THIRTIETH, EICxHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Hon. GEO. BARSTOW.
Ladies and Gentlemen: We are assembled in one of the largest valleys
of California, surrounded by the products of the field, the orchard and
the vineyard, and by the increase of the flocks and herds, to consider
how best we can improve the gifts of all-bounteous Nature.
THE MODERN FARMER.
The peasant farmer of one hundred years ago, for whom it was enough
to eat and drink, who lay down upon his bed of rushes in yjerfect content-
ment, while the busy housewife spun and wove the fustian in which he
was dressed ; who cut down the oak of the forest to warm himself, and,
mounted upon his strange lumbering vehicle, was jolted once a year to
the village fair — that being nowhere exists in America. His portrait
is a picture of the past. The farmer of to-day is another creature. He
thinks for himself. He has a part in the government of his country. He
uses agricultural chemistry. It is not enough that he has sheep, he
must have the best breeds, blooded horses, oxen — the sight of which, in
a California landscape, gives him a better picture than Flemisii artist
ever drew.
MODERN AGRICULTURE.
The ceaseless new wants which modern civilization has evoked, make
•it necessary for the farmer to exchange his products for furniture, for
home comforts, for new implements of husbandry, for money. He must
have the threshing machine, McCormick's reaper, and the header. It is
not enough to grow the grain. Without exchange, his crops cannot
bring him even the appliances of productive, wonder-working modern
agriculture. This involves the necessity of a good market, and for that
commerce comes in, to play her part in this grand drama of nature and
art — culminating in the model farm and the perfect farmer. The i^ail-
road, the mighty steamship, the telegraph are called for; the canals that
unite the seas, all the vast enterprise of foreign countries, become agents
and helps; but chiefly the power of multiplying products and the means
of transportation within our own borders, are the needs of California
to-day — and hence I have chosen " Internal Improvements " as the most
fittini^ theme for this occasion.
324 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AND CITY.
The fii-st advantage necessary for building up an opulent and powerful
State, is, that its chief commercial citj', its central business, shall be
located in a commanding position and in a healthful climate. Behold
then, the commercial centre of California, San Francisco, seated by a
gate, which is named the " Golden " by spontaneous agreement of man-
kind, from suggestion of the profit that goes through it, landward and
seaward. That gate is but a channel scooped out by Omnipotent power,
through the vast range of mountains, to make a way ibr the waters of
the ocean to roll through and spread themselves out into a dee)) broad
bay, the Bay of San Francisco. That bay is nothing but one vast har-
bor, and there, sheltered behind the protecting barriers of the moun-
tains, the navies of the world maj^ ride at anchor. By such a bay, with
such a harbor, at such a gate and so sheltered, stands San Francisco —
the centre and outlet of commerce on the western side of this continent
— connected by rivers and inlets with hundreds of valleys that pour
down their streams of trade into it, reaching far up into the plains and
mountain passes, and laying them all under tribute, by the natural laws
of necessity and convenience; a city with no rival on thousands of miles
of sea coast, and prospectively the peer of any city on the globe.
CLIMATE AND TEMPERATURE.
Think of a great commercial city with a climate of which it ma}' be
said with truth that there is never a cold day and never a hot one —
where, but for mechanical and culinarj- purposes, fire is never an actual
necessity — where, through all the da^'s of the 3'ear the open air is a
stimulating luxury, and all the nights are fitted for the most refreshing
and health-giving repose. Such is the climate of San Francisco, and the
advantage it affords to man in enabling him to toil without the enervation
of heat or the pinching power of cold, is incalculable. See with how
much less physical exhaustion business is transacted and labor per-
formed than in cities where the force of great heat or intense cold, by
imposing an immense tax upon all the physical energies of man. enfee-
bles him and shortens his existence.
TEMPERATURE OF THE COUNTRY.
Turn now from the city to the country. Think of a State with eight
hundred miles of sea coast; with a temperature in which the eereals
arrive at perfection, the fruits and flowers of the tropics thrive, and
all the garden vegetables of northern latitudes flourish. Calculate the
advantages of a country where flocks and herds require no expensive
guarding against summer's heat or winter's cold. Such is the climate of
California.
VARIETY OF PRODUCTS.
Look next beneath the ground, where Nature has stored up wealth in
exhaustless magazines of gold and silver. From the mines look abroad
upon the vintage, now at its height; in the warni districts the wine
already made, in the cooler valleys the wine presses now at wi)rk. Look
next at the fields, where the yellow stubble gives evidence that the har-
vest has been gathered. Count the ships thTit go out daily to waft the
surplus to the crowded inhabitants of the old world. We arc so accus-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 325
tomed to thinkof California as onl}' a gold-bearing State that we can hardly
realize the fact that, in the production of wheat for export, she is the
equal of States which export almost nothing else. Twenty years ago who
would have believed that to-day her production of wine, silk, wool and
breadstutts would entirely eclipse her products of gold ; and who would
believe n»e if I should to-da}' predict that, in far less than twenty years
froni this time, the manufactures of San Francisco will exceed the pro-
ducts of California gold ? In the department of small fruits, how real
and varied does the producing capacity of the State become to our minds
when wo consider that the importation of lemons, oranges, figs, limes,
olives, shelled and dried fruits into the United States, annually, amounts
to ten millions of dollars, and that each one of these articles can be
grown with ease in California. How actual and real becomes that beau-
tiful source of wealth, the silk culture, when we find that at the State
Fair, just held at Sacramento, there were exhibited samples of more than
four millions of cocoons which have been produced here, and of over a
hundred thousand mulberry trees growing in California. Here is the
infanc}^ of a culture which has enriched China, Japan and Italy by mill-
ions of dollars annually. The importation of silks annually from those
lands into the United States swells to a sum which would hardily be
believed if I should state it here; but I may say that overj^ year we
send away cargoes of silver dollars to pay for silks grown on foreign soil
and consumed in our country'. California promises to assisi, ere long, in
checking that drain upon the wealth of the nation.
The tea culture in this State, formerly considered a vision, has become
real, by the purchase of two thousand acres oi'land in El Dorado County
by a party of Japanese, who are now occupied there in rearing the tea
plant. How vivid the wheat culture of the State becomes to the mind's
eye, from the single fact stated in the AUa California that, on the first
day of August, fifty thousand tons of wheat, in sacks, waiting for ship-
ment, were stretched along the banks of the Sacramento Kiver, in the
Counties of Tehama, Butte, Sutter, Colusa and Yolo, and that sixty thou-
sand tons more were to follow them, making one hundred and ten thousand
tons of wheat as the yield of five counties. Observe, also, that five years
ago the land from Yolo to Vallejo — fifty-six miles — was unproductive and
almost uninhabited. Now it is an almost continuous wheat field. A
railroad company has laid its track through that route, and is sending
two wheat trains per day, one everj^ night, and extra trains on Sunday.
For miles along the track the wheat is piled up in sacks, waiting for
shipment, and more than fortj' thousand tons have been ship]ied this
year from Vallejo direct to Liverpool. Note also the fact that a million
and a half of orange and lemon trees are to be set out this year, by one
fruit association, upon a fjirm of six thousand acres, in the County of
San Bernardino, and that the same farm is adapted to the fig, olive,
banana, grape, pine apple, almond, filbert, walnut, chestnut and cocoanut.
Here is a fact of the greatest significance, as showing the varied capa-
city of the State for producing in that department of culture, which we
consider as but collateral and secondary to the great staples.
THE CHICO FAIR OROUNDS.
But we need not look so fixr away. Here, upon these fair grounds,
to-day, there has been an exhibition of stock which shows that the
farmers of California have an ambition that will stop at nothing short
of perfection, and that is a kind of insurance effected upon the agricul-
32G TRANSACTIONS OF THE
tural prospei'ity of tho State. We have seen many sjtocimoiib of those
breeds of hoi-ses most famous in England and Amei'iea; tl)e goats of
Cashmere; the finest specimens of Merino, Cots-wold and Southdown
sheep; the most celebrated breeds of cattle, and among them one sus-
pected of being that queen of the dairy, the llolstein cow. Add to this
that here, in this town, which is but an infant in j'cars, the large Pavilion
in which we are now assembled has been erected in the interest of agri-
culture, and is to remain a permanent institution in the district.
RAILROADS.
In view of the vast productiveness of the lands of California, and the
extension of farming, it is clear that we need more railroad transporta-
tion ; the land waits for railroads, canals and labor. What a glorious
event Avas the completion of the trans-continental railroad I What
amazing energj' marked its execution! What astonishing rapiditj'!
Who will not honor the men who carried it through ? Who will grudge
them their subsidies? But this M'ork, great as it is, should be but the
incentive to others. What we want is a network of railroads connecting
the Pacific country' with San Francisco, like that Avhich connects the
whole of New England with the Cit}' of Boston ; so much so, that from
earl}- morn to nightfall in that cit}', there is not a single quarter of an
hour that does not witness the arrival or departure of some railroad
train. What a magnificent result is this of the enterprise of Kew Eng-
landers; and are not the men of New England here? See also the rail-
road connexion of the wliole West Avith Chicago; and are not the men
of the West here? And yet again see how the whole country east of the
Mississippi is bound by iron links to the Cit}' of New York. And this is
Avhat we must have here to connect the Pacific country with the New
York of the Pacific. A man is more isolated from San Francisco at Half-
moon Bay, than at Gilroy, although it is but thirty miles to Half-moon
Bi\y. while it is eighty to Gilroy; but he goes to Gilroy b}' the iron horse,
and to Half moon Bay by the flesh horse. By means of the trans-conti-
nental, we are nearer to Philadelphia and Baltimore than to some places
in our County of San Bernardino; because Ave measure distances now. not
by miles, hut by the means of transportation ; and by the same rule, Can-
ton. Shanghai and Yokohama are near neighbors of New Yoi'k and
Boston. Great as the trans-continental raili'oad is — and it is a great
work — the aid extended to it by our Government Avas by no means unex-
ampled or extraordinary-.
ENGLISH RAILROADS IN INDIA.
Great Britain has signalized her dominion in India by the construction
of a continuous line of railroad from Calcutta to Bombay, a distance of
one thousand four hundred and fifty-eight miles, and Avhcn this and the
Indian Peninsula line, Avhich has more than fifteen hundred ndles in
o])eration, shall be completed, Avith their various bi-anches already ])ro-
jected, England Avill have four thousand six iiundred miles of railroad
in opei-ation in India, and will have extended Government aid to them
to the amount of four hundred millions of dollars. Our great raili'oad
cost but one hundred millions.
TULARE VALLEY.
There lies not very far from here the great Tulare Valle}- — the grand
untamed Eden of this continent. Let a railroad connect it with San
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 327
Francisco or Stockton, and there will be no need of a feverish White
Pine excitement to till it with peojile and make it resound with the
cheerl'ul toil of thousands of farmers. They in turn would load thai,
road with countless tons of wheat. Commerce would froii^ht her ships
with it. Merchants would barter for it. Bankers would make advances
u]>on it. Labor would bo demanded at eveiy stage of its growth and
its handling; and thus it would contribute in some degree to make the
State and the nation broader and stronger in their foundation and their
upbuilding.
IRRIGATION.
Next to railroads we want canals for irrigation, but constructed with
suflficient depth to make them navigable. We raaj" say in general terms
of the seasons of California, that they are two, one of copious moisture,
commencing on the first of November and closing on the first of May;
the other is rainless and extends from the first of May to the first of
November. Could we moisten the earth during these last six months,
the productiveness of the State would be absolutely without limit.
Many rich mines have been opened in California, and their harvest of
gold, by lubricating the machinery of manufacturing and commercial
industr}', has enriclied the world. But no country has profited by it so
little as the State which produced it. There yet remains one mine,
however, richer than Opbir, exhaustless as the sea, the treasures of which
are in store ior the people of California whenever they choose to appro-
priate them. I mean the melting snow of the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
which the suns of summer send down in fertilizing streams upon the
arid plains. We have but to utilize them to find them a source of
boundless wealth The practice of irrigation is coeval with history. It
has existed in every coiintrj-, though much less in the United States
than elsewhere. It was one of the earliest arts practiced by man. The
scientific press of England, in view of the late droughts there, is telling
the peo])le that, even under the conditions of an English climate, which
is one of extreme moisture, the most profitable use of the surplus water
in their running streams would be to apply it to irrigation. Italy, with
a climate as moist as that of the Middle States of the Union, with its
annual rainfall, as well distributed through the summer and winter
months, has applied the drainage of the Alps and the Appenines to the
irrigation of a million of acres, and has developed there a new agricul-
ture to such an extent, that a hundred millions of dollars would not
purchase the surrender of its benefits. It is a fact, too, that the rental as
well as the product of the irrigated lands exceeds that of the dry culture,
and in some places amounts to a very lai-ge sum per acre. Thus far I
have spoken of counti-ies which I have seen. Old canals for irrigation,
repaired and enlarged by the English in India, and new ones built by
them for irrigation, combined with navigation, are numerous, and are
measured by thousands of miles. One of them, a work purely English
in design and execution, and of modern date, the great canal of the
Ganges^ with its branches navigable by steamers through a thousand
miles, irrigates more than a million and a half of acres. The officers of
the East Indian service arc pressing upon English capitalists the further
extension of the canals, not only as important to the commercial pros-
jjerity of the country, but as a chance for profitable investment. Along
the foot of the Cordilleras, in the rainless western slope of South
America, lands have been kept moist by irrigation for more than a
hundred vears. In Spain English capital is building the canal of
328 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Jenarcs ; atnl the cn<fiiiccr mentions it us a fact of '^reat impoi-tancc,
tbat wiiilo the averajj^e of population of Spain is only eighty-one to the
.square mile, the population in one section of irrigated gaivleiis i-ises to
one thousand six hundred and eighty-one to the square mile; and in
another section, to seven hundred and sixty-seven; and he reports it as
a well established fact, that crops raised upon lands judiciously irrigated
are of better quality and in greater quantity than those produced by dry
culture.
The great need of California now is an o])portunity for diversified
crops, ever green and ever growing, to include the gi-asses of the East-
ern States, for hay, which, in the opinion of scientific men as well as
])ractical farmers, will flourish here by irrigation, and never will with-
out it.
The marvellous productiveness of the soil of California has excited the
wonder of the world, even more than its abundant yield of gold. Our
rainless summer of six months is the only great drawback u))on our
agriculture upon the plains; and 1 know no way of arresting the dete-
rioration of their overcropped soil when long cultivated, and of preserv-
ing forever the native fertility of that portion of it which has not come
under the plough, exce))t by the free use of water, loaded, as the melt-
ing snows of the mountains always are, with fertilizing matter from
decaying vegetation and decomposing rocks. It is more lasting in its
effects than the artificial composts which are now so much employed
in the agriculture of other countries, and which can be applied with
safety in California only in connection with water. The juimar}'^
object of artificial irrigation is to supply to the soil the requisite of
moisture, in w^hich the climate is in some countries occasionallj', and in
others, like California, periodically deficient ; and as thorough drainage
is a condition of the improved culture which follows it, lands wHiich are
pi'cpared for irrigation are better protected against the excess of wet as
well as drought, than similar lands under tiie dry culture. With a sys-
tem of works, properly planned and executed, for the irrigation of the
great plains of California, she would be relieved from a great portion of
the loss sustained in floods like eighteen hundred aiW sixty-one and
eighteen hundred and sixty-two and droughts like eighteen hundred and
sixty-three and eighteen hundred and sixty-four.
WATER RIGHTS.
The I'ight to withdraw water from a stream and appl}' it to irrigation
requires a grant from the sovereign, and in older countries is generally
obtained by purchase at high prices. The State of California permits
her citizens to appropriate the waters of streams, not navigable under an
imolied grant, without application for it and without charge. This
appropriation, which consists in the exercise of due diligence in the
building of the necessary canals for its conve3'ance, and the condition of
its application to useful purposes, invests the a])propriator with the first
right to the use of the water, and the continuance of that right unless
he abandons it ; and thus it becomes a species of property, the value of
which, prospectively, if not at present, ma}' be inferred from the price
lately fixed by the Government of Spain uj)on waters supplied to the
Jenares Canal. The area of land to be irrigated by it is twenty-seven
thousand one hundred and seventy acres, and the quantity of water
utilized for the purpose is one hundred and seventy-five cubic feet per
second. The price charged by the Government is one thousand eight
1
.STATE AOIUCULTURAL SOCIETY. 329
hundred and sevonty-five dollars per annum for the flow of one cubic
foot per second. The constant flow of this quantity per second is there
estimated to irrigate one hundred and fifty-five acres. Tlie ])rice of the
water upon entering the canal, which is the price paid to the sovereign,
is about twelve dollars per acre per annum ; and the cost paid to the
canal for delivery of the water upon the land is about twelve dollars
more.
There is no country in which irrigation can be more easily applied,
nor, if we except India, upon so grand a scale as in California. A sur-
vc3" already made demonstates the practicability of watering more
than three quarters of a million of acres on the rigbt bank of the
Sacramento liiver, by a canal issuing from that stream near Eed Bluff,
leading along the outward edge of the valle}', and having its outlet at
Suisun, and it is probable that the drainage of the Coast Range of moun-
tains would swell the irrigating capacity of that canal to one million of
acres. Large as this area is, a still larger area can be irrigated from col-
lecting in a canal the streams heading in the Sierras, and flowing into
the wide plain on the left bank of the Sacramento, and the vast basins of
the San Joaquin and Tulare. The last named could be gathered into a
deep and navigable canal, having its head in Kern River and Tulare Lake,
and its outlet in or near the Bay of San Francisco; and the first named
waters would need a canal pointing westward. The areas here named,
if subjected to an irrigation like that of Italy and parts of India, with its
superior advantages of climate and fertility, would yield to the com-
merce of this State a contribution of almost incalculable value.
SALT LAKE VALLEY.
When the traveller halts in the streets of Salt Lake City, as I did on
the nineteenth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, he finds that
it is laid out into one hundred and eighty blocks, often acres each, with
avenues between them all, of one hundred and thirty feet in width. He
has read the facts of its climate, and knows that there is not rain fall
enough in Utah to ripen any of the crops on which man depends for
subsistence. He observes, however, that the gardens blossom, and fill
the air with fragrance; that vegetation is thrifty and green; that the
orchards are loaded with fruit; and around the city, and stretching off
in the distance far away, are fields of grain and barns filled with
plenty. He sees that the streets are lined with rows of trees, in which
choirs of birds appear to assemble to sing their songs. He listens, and
discovers that there is mingled with the music of the birds the sound
of rippling water. He now perceives that there is a crystal stream
coursing its way through every street, and making, by outlets, the cir-
cuit of ever\ garden. The bloom and fragrance there are no longer a
mystery. On returning from the city by the stage coach, twenty-eight
miles, to the railroad, he crosses more than fifty streams of running
w^ater, some of which have made the circuit of wheat fields in artificial
conduits, and are hurrying their surplus waters down the valley to the
Great Salt Lake, w^hich lies at a little distance below, and in plain
sight of the city. He lifts up his eyes and sees, far in the distance,
where the Almiglity has bended the noble range of Wasatch Mountains,
like a bow, round the two sides of the valley in which the hive-like city
and sweet fields lie embosomed. Though it is midsummer, the snows
42
o30 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
yet linger upon their sutnmit, slowly dissolving in the sun, and trickling
down tlieir sides in a thousand rills, which are gathered into artificial
channels upon the plains below. He now discovers how it is that a
hundred thousand Mormons, by tireless industry, in a eounlry where
rain seldom falls, have produced the most blooming and beautiful -vgri-
culture west of the Mississippi River. It is done b}- the process of
irrigation.
THE SUEZ CANAL.
The world is full of enterprise for material development on the
grandest scale, and what I have referred to as needed in California are
not more than commensurate with our resources and our destiny. We
see, for example, the Suez Canal, now being urged forward by the
PVench engineer, Lesseps, and the contractor, Levallier. That is indeed a
great undertaking. It is nothing less than the connecting of the Medi-
terranean and Eed Seas b}' a canal which is in itself almost a sea, for it
is one hundred miles in length, three hundred feet in width, thirty-five
in depth, and is nowhere crossed by any bridge or interrupted by locks.
To urge on this work, twenty thousand workmen pi}- their implements,
and forty steam engines strain at the vast weights of earth raised along
its bed. Fourteen years these tremendous forces of men and machinery
have beeiT employed, and this year Europe, Asia and Africa are to unite
in celebrating its completion. It cost eight}' millions of dollars, and
forms part of the route which will compete with our transcontinental
route for the carrying of merchandise from the ports of China to Lon-
don and New York. Had Sir John Franklin lived at this day. his j^recious
life would not have been imperilled to realize the traditionary (Iream of
a northwest passage to India. Two routes now lie open to Indian com-
merce— the eastern by Suez, and the western by our trans-continental
railroad — either of which is infinitely preferable to a route through polar
seas, open at best but two mouths in the year, and even then liable to
be impeded by fields of floating ice.
THE DARIEN CANAL.
Far to the southward of us lies that narrow neck of land, the Isthmus
of Darien, the scene of one of the greatest of human enterprises, thought
of but not accomplished. It is the opening of a ship canal across that
Isthmus to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
LAKE MICHIGAN AND MISSISSIPPI CANAL.
While we avQ pausing before obstacles in the way of this work, behold
towards the north, rising in vast conception before tiie mind, the
monster project of a ship canal from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi
Hiver, which is nothing less than the union of the (lulf of St. Lawrence
with the Gulf of Mexico. When that is built, a steamer can go from St.
Johns (New Brunswick), westward in a continuous inland sea, far
through the Canadas and the Western States of our Union, past Chicago,
on into the Mississippi, down that river, swollen above the risk of insuffi-
cient depth by the surplus of waters that now roar usclesslj- around the
stormy coasts of Labrador; on and on, till it reaches New Orleans.
For eighty-five millions of dollars it is estimated that this canal^an be
built, and to a depth of sixty feet in eight 3-ears. But if the depth be
reduced to thirty-five feet, which is the depth of the grand canal at Suez,
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 331
and the estimated depth of the Darien, the cost can be reduced to sixty
millions; and if Chinese labor be employed, can be accomplished in four
yeai-s.
RAILROADS IN RUSSIA.
On the continent of Euroj)c, our friendb' neighbor, Russia, has built a
railroad from St. Petersburg to Moscow, thus connecting the head and
heart of the empire by a large artery, like the connection between the
head and heart of the human bodj". And now a great work, the rail-
road from St. Petersburg to Odessa, draws near to completion. This
ii'on path, the original survey of which was twelve hundred miles in
length, runs through thirteen degrees of latitude and connects the Baltic
Sea on the north with the Black Sea on the south, thus uniting the
extremities of the empire. Simultaneously with the inception of these
grand movements, the Emperor abolished serfdom, by which the
shackles of servitude fell from millions of human limbs. Here, in our
own countr}', after connecting by a network of railroads all the most
populous sections, American citizens took hold of a line that stretches
across the continent and brings together the extremities of the Republic.
Simultaneous with the inception of this great work, and before its com-
pletion, we extinguished African slaver}-. Thus it would seem that the
shackles of bondage which have fallen from human limbs have been
forged into chains of communication which bind together nations and
communities in close bonds, making the inhabitants of distant sections
more and more one people, and stamping upon them the impress of unity
consolidated with humanity.
Verily the world moves, and we in California must move with it or be
letl behind in the race for business and empire.
While California produces twenty millions of bushels of wheat per
annum, upon the acres under cultivation, she has uncultivated lands of
equal fertility, capable of producing tifty millions more. While she has
at least fifty mines producing, she has a hundred more of a second grade
Ij-ing idle and unworked. If she could quadruple her product of wheat,
and double her product of gold and silver, with a like increase of wool,
barley, wines, and fruits for export, and if she could manufacture those
common articles of prime necessity, for which we are dail}" sending
money out of the State to pay for, what an overflowing prosperity there
would be upon the whole State. How San Francisco would grow up
and spread out, street after street, and wharf after wharf, along the
water front, with countless dwellings and blocks of warehouses. Across
the ocean there are two empires which have greatly redundant popula-
tions. I mean China and Japan, and thej^ are wishing to come to us in
immense numbers. As laborers they are industrious, patient, skilful,
docile, temperate, quiet, orderly — and it is greatlj'^ to be regretted that
the question of employing them has entered the arena of politics and is
beiyig subjected to the tests of passion and prejudice, when it should be
viewed ity the calm eye of reason. To say that we shall not have cheap
labor of some kind, is virtually to declare that no more land shall be
ploughed, no more mines opened, and no more manufacturing done, and
this is equivalent to saying that all the industrial interests of California
shall collapse, and that widespread ruin shall be the result. I affirm
that at this day no vState can thrive by sending its staple products three
thousand miles away to a foreign country to be manufactured, and then
buying them back from the foreigners, and bringing them home to be
consumed, at a greatly enhanced price, by the men who produced them
332 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
and sent them away. Such a process is suicidal. Tiic wool of our flocks
must be wrought into cloth by our own looms. The leather of the tan-
neries must be made into boots and shoes here. The cocooneries must
be enlarged and the silk-loom introduced. Nothing stands in the wa}'' of
this but the high price demanded for labor. Nothing else prevents the
wheat and barley crop fron\ being quadrupled. Millions more of grapes
could be pressed. The fruit orchar(Js could be trebled, the cocooneries
multiplied without limit, and the culture of cotton, tobacco and rice
could be introduced. The question of cheap labor is therefore vital, and
ought to be considered by practical, sagacious men, and I beg leave to
suggest that prices, as well as hours of labor, should be regulated, like
the price of capital, by the law of supply and demand, and not by arbi-
trary', tj'rannical combinations of men, to keep up prices and reduce the
hours of work, which are only conspiracies against the common good.
Will the present generation of Californians live in a mistake and bequeath
the mistake to their children, or will they gird themselves to confront
prejudice now, and use the means of prospei'ity which the march of
events is placing within their reach? With such a coml)ination of
advantages as we possess, if we fail to become prosperous and yjowerful,
the fault will be our own, and we shall have to make the morlitying con-
fession that we were the people for whom God had done everything, and
we could do nothing for ourselves.
THE TEMPORARY AND THE PERMANLNT.
It was the misfortune of California that the men who came here at
first, did not come with the idea of making homes and founding a State.
Their families and household gods they left behind, intending to seize
the prize of wealth and make a quick retreat. They considered them-
selves the victims of circumstances. The}' built for to-da}', fenced for
to-daj^ bought and sold for to-day. All the business and doings of men,
customs of society, usages of trade, indeed, all the conditions of men's
existence here, bore the stamp of to-daij. But we have outgrown tempo-
rary as a youth outgrows a garment. The time hj^ come when this
must be changed or we must retrogade.
Let us turn back to our early homes in the Atlantic States and con-
template their history, as we were taught it in our bojdiood, and every
where the idea of the permanent displays itself. The pilgrim came in
the Mayflower with his wife and children, to found a new home and a
new country. He never thought of returning to 0.1d England. He
called it New England, for to him Old England had passed away forever.
The Dutch, who sat down upon Manhattan Island, never thought of
returning to their old dj'kes and canals in Holland. The French Hugue-
nots could speak and dream of La Belle France, but with no thought of
seeing its sunny vineyards and gay city again. All felt that America was
their home. They filled it with schools, with trade, Avith ships. The}-
defended it against savages. They built highways and bridges. They
laid broadly down the pillars of the commonwealth, and upon all their
policy, and upon all their conditions of life and business among them,
throughout their system is stamped the permanent, and the temporarj'
nowhere appears. The Pennsylvania German kept the traditions of the
fatherland, but with no expectations of seeing it again. His descend-
ants and those of the Philadelphia (Quakers now possess the Ko^-stono
State as a heritage from those forefathers. It was the same with the
Baltimore Catholic. The Jamestown colonist, through hunger and
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. _ 333
pestilence, held fast to the soil. And so these men, sprung from different
races, were welded together by one common experience of hardship and
toil, into a nation of earnest men, and were made ready for the conflict
which was to try their souls — the American fvevolution.
Turn now from the history of the Atlantic States to our Pacific shore,
and it has for us a solemn interest, for according as we revise and correct
the past, shall be our increase or diminution in the future. If we Avould
not retrograde from this hour, then in all that may be called our life,
our social and political institutions, our municipal regulations, and in
the verj^ mode and fashion of our upbuilding, we must adopt the perma-
nent and discard the temporar3^
CITY AND COUNTRY.
The foolish train of flatterers are ])rone to tell the people of the
country that the}- are independent of the city. But the dependence is
mutual. The country must become cosmopolitan like the city. The
country cannot live in suburban retreat. Before railroads came, the
Illinois farmer was almost inundated by his crops. He could not eat
them, nor sell them, nor burn them. He was like a mole in a boundless
field of grain Now the railroads enable him to sell, and from a pleth-
oric grainholder he has become a rich exporter. He is a citizen of the
world, rich at home because he has the power to send his sujDcrabund-
ance abroad. His farm in manj^ instances becomes a village. He has a
market at his door, or at Chicago, and he makes his election. What
would the farmers of .New Hampshire be without communication with
Boston ? Or the coal mines of Pennsylvania without iron paths to Phil-
adelphia? It is not enough to have one or two great arteries of inter-
communication in California. We must have a complete system of
veins and arteries through the whole State. I have seen the change
come over many a land. 1 have seen in the absence of the railroad,
how everything was limited, provincial, local, stagnant. Then came the
locomotive, and all was changed. JS'ot the least important change was
the cash value established at the farmer's door for everything which he
had to sell.
RICH MEN.
I would have our rich men symbolize their wealth, not by splendor of
equipage, but by inaugurating grand schemes of internal improvement,
like the Erie Canal and the Pacific Eailroads. When the name of Yan-
derbilt comes to the lips, does it call up any thought as to the style in
which he lives? Do we think of him in the wa^^ of outward grandeur,
as possessing some large diamond, costly tea sets, or golden goblets?
No; we think of him as the embodiment of motive power in the United
States; and if he were fitly jewelled, he would be hung all over with
steamer models, car springs and safet}" valves, and, mounted on a loco-
motive, would be rushing down the Erie Ilailroad to the music of the
steam whistle. But this was not all, to his honor be it said, and we will
not forget it ; when war came, he resolved to make a present to his Gov-
ernment of a steamship, with her apparel and tackle. It was his favorite
model, and was named the " Vanderbilt." A hundred feudal lords,
whose wealth and power were symbolized in cumbrous castles, their
names fading and expiring in the lapse of ages, did not equal the real
force personified in one Cornelius Vanderbilt.
334 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
PEACE AND WAR.
There arc those who love to estimate the capacity of nations for war,
as if destruction were the highest work of man. They show us liow
Russia can bring into tlie fieUl one million four hundred thousand men ;
Prussia, one million two hundred and thirty thousand ; France, one
million three hundred and fifty thousand ; Austria, one million one hun-
dred and ten thousand ; Italy, four hundred and eighty thousand. Then
they calculate the problem of alliances, and sliow us that IJussia and
Prussia, allied, can place upon the field of mortal combat two million six
hundred and thirt}" thousand warriors; while France and Austria can
arra}'^ two million four hundred and sixtj' thousand, to la3' waste fields
and kill those who never injured them. Is it not better to ])ersuade man
that war is only ennobled in defence of home and countr3^ ? Is it not
better to develop the capacities of nations for those grand enterprises
which improve the material comfort of man — which increase the pro-
ductiveness of the earth — which improve their modes of culture, their
dwellings, their social habits and institutions — which expand thought,
quicken intellect, multiply the fruits of the earth, with the fiocks and
herds and the grain of the fields — enterpj'ises of which it ma^' be said,
when aecom])lished, that "the wilderness and solitary place shall be glad
for them, and the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose?"
CHEERING PROSPECTS.
When we look abroad upon the whole of our country, now in the
season of harvest, there is abundant cause for congratulation. It is
estimated that the cotton crop of the South will be three millions of
bales, an increase of one-third over last 3'ear, and is worth three hun-
dred millions of dollars The corn will amount to two hundred and
eighty-five millions of bushels, and will be worth two hundred millions
of dollars; and that the sugar, wheat, tobacco and minor products, will
be worth one hundred and fifty millions more, making a total of six
hundred and fifty million dollars. To this must be added the vast and
varicii products of the North, the Middle States, and of the West, of
which the wheat crop alone is two hundred and fifty millions of bushels,
and then the gold and silver of the Pacific States.
That this is a broad basis for prosperity to rest u^jon. must be
acknowledged. If these calculations shall prove to be correct, the life
which will be imparted to business, when our indebtedness abroad shall
be liquidated by this immense export, and the balance of trade turns in
our favor, will be felt from Maine to California. If it shall come when
it shall be due, according to precedent and the operation of causes sup-
posed to be uniform in their effect, it will happen early in the spring of
next year, and will be to the circles of business and finance like the
coming of spring is to the kingdom of nature.
SAN FRANCISCO IN THE FUTURE.
Very few of us have yet begun to comprehend the future greatness of
San Fi-ancisco. To hasten on the hour of its realization, railroads must
go out in all direction.s — to the northward, to the southward, and to the
southeast of us. The bay must be considered but a mere ferry in the
great plan.
Looking into the future with the eye of hope, I see them diverging in
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 335
all directions like radii from a common centre. I see the multitudes of
passeni^crs hastening to the depots at all the hours of departure. I hear
the bell strike, the clatter of merchandise, the cry of all aboard. Afar
in the distance there is a i,^limpse of laz}', winding canals, clothing vast
plains with verdure — equally in periods of greatest drought and most
copious moisture — making their owners independent of rains, defiant of
seasons. Through tiic CJolden Clate are coming ships, laden from every
land under the sun, while proud ships, outward bound, are tossing impa-
tiently upon the tide, and eager to get free. At the centre of all this
enterprise, this greatness, this grand banquet of traffic, sits San Fran-
cisco, looking from her throne of hills over half a continent — arbitress of
a greater commerce than Thebes or Carthage, Babylon or Tyre.
THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY.
Let us sui'vey for a moment the ground where we stand. We are
assembled in the midst of the Upper Sacramento Valley, at a spot
which the genius of American enterprise dedicated to civilization only
nine j^ears ago. Yonder in the valley comes the Sacramento Eiver,
pouring down from gold bearing mountains, and carrying in its current
the melted snows of the Sierra Nevada. Far through the trees it winds
and flows. It is the child of the Sierras, and reflects their grandeur in
its course. Still and deep it rolls on, bearing many a ship and goodly
steamer upon its bosom and constituting the charm of this landscape. On
its left bank stands the Capital of the State, whose people built a barrier
against its current and conquered the power of its floods To me there
are few objects in nature more truly sublime than a valley spread out
by an Omnipotent hand, from foot-hills to foot-hills, on such a vast scale
as this. When dry and pai'ched, no desert is more dreary. When unin-
habited, no solitude is more profound and imposing. But Avhen the
abodes of man dot its surface, when the plow has furrowed it, when
greenness clothes it as with a garment, or when its fields are loaded with
harvest stores, then it is one of the loveliest objects that gladdens the
eye of man, and its riches are but a type of the inexhaustible riches of
the Creator. But the great valley yet waits for the railroad and the
canal. Wherever such a sj'stem of internal improvements as I have
sketched shall be carried out, its teeming population will be counted by
millions. San Francisco will be greater than ancient Thebes was. Sacra-
mento will be greater than San Francisco now is, and Vallejo will be
the second city west of the Eocky Mountains. Look again at the valley
as it lies spread out around us, forty miles in width from side to side.
There are principalities in Germany where civil government is main-
tained, and all the pomp of a court kept up, on a much smaller extent of
territory than the Sacramento Valley. The inhabitants of New England
can, with difficulty, conceive of a valley forty miles wide. The dwellers
by the Mohawk and the Shenandoah can have just as little comprehen-
sion of it. The Valleys of the Ehine andtheEhone are insignificant in
point of territory when compared with it. And we have just as little
idea of the beautiful cultivation of their valleys as they have of the pro-
digious extent of ours. Can we not learn a lesson each from the other ?
Our lesson is that the most magnificent natural advantages are nothing
unless we improve them. Their lesson is, not to remain clinging to the
scanty acres of Europe, but to take up their march for the New World.
336 'JRANSACTIONS OF THE
ANNUAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE SAN JOAQUIN STOCK j\ND AGRICULTURAL IMPLE-
MENT ASSOCIATION, AT STOCKTON, SEPTEMBER, EKillTEEN
HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By Dr. HOLDEN.
Ladies and Gentlemen-: An address before an a<^ricultural society
or association partakes more of mixed topics, barcl}* hinting at tiie
various agricultural productions, modes of cultivation, raising of stock,
etc., than an address made fully and directly upon any one subject. Time
will not admit of dwelling at length upon any one department of the
art and science of agriculture. It will be well, perhaps, to state here
the object of this association, and why it was organized :
The Directors of the San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Society, a per-
manent organization since eighteen hundred and sixt}', and one which
will continue scores of years hence, 1 hope, passed a resolution in May
last not to hold a fair this year, and the Directors had sufficient reasons
for this action — reasons that came directly from citizcys of this city and
county. In these progressive times and age of improvement, no man
should oppose or withhold his influence from these societies and associa-
tions; the benefits arising from them, to all communities, are beyond
calculation. This association, "The San Joaquin Stock and Agricul-
tux'al Implement Association," was organized in June last, under the
laws of California, by five Trustees, as they deemed it necessary to hold
a fair this season in order to keep up the good reputation this district
has secured b}^ such exhibition; and for the lack of a hall, to confine the
exhibit wholly to the cattle grounds, which is the custom with a large
majority of similar societies in the Eastern States. The Trustees have
made great efforts to produce a good exhibition, and, so far, are well
pleased with the result.
The Trustees of this association do not propose to extend their exhibi-
tions to other years, or in any manner to interfere with the old organi-
zation, but, on the contrar}', to aid it. An individual farmer, however
desirous he may be to avail himself of every agi-icultuial lieip, cannot
always do so unless he in aided by some associated help; and what asso-
ciated help can he find better than agricultural societies, where, in a few
hours' observation and diligent inquiries regarding products of the soil,
mode of cultivation, raising of stock and mechanical skill which these
annual exhibitions produce, the whole subject is opened to the view ?
STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 337
Sir John Sinclair, of England, who, eighty j-ears ago, first inaugurated
agricultural societies, urged upon legislators the necessitj^ and im-
portance of these societies, and advocated all possible diffusion of
knowledge on the subject. This great benefactor of agriculture, Sinclair,
pressed upon the fanner to preserve the fertility of the soil ; free it from
the superfluous moisture at the least expense ; gather and apply the best
fertilizers; procure the best instruments of husbandrj' ; select the best
stock, and feed in the most judicious manner; secure the harvest in the
most economical mode; se])arate the grain from the straw with
economy; in short, perform all the operations of agriculture in the most
judicious mode. This advice was given eighty years ago, and embraces
all the advice a farmer needs. Undoubtedly, Sinclair scarcely dreamed
at that time that at this day the iron horse would traverse this continent
from ocean to ocean, three thousand miles, greeting on this coast high
civilization ; transporting machinery for husbandry that will cultivate
twenty-five acres per day, and harvest and bag for market the pro-
duct of an equal number of acres.
Agriculture or the products of the soil are now fostered by all nations,
and most wisely so. Agriculture is a mighty giant, the life and basis of
all interests and wealth, without which nations would sink into oblivion ;
and the nation or government that fosters most the agricultural pro-
ductions, becomes not only the Avord's benefactor, but increases her
wealth and power. This is the history of all nations, both ancient and
modern , and, on the contrary, where legislators have neglected agricul-
tural interests, those countries are backward in wealth, intelligence and
prosperity. California legislators, in eighteen hundred and sixty-five,
comprehended this wise idea, and passed an Act granting State
premiums to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars for the follow-
ing articles : Sorghum sugar, flax, cotton, tobacco, hops, raw silk, cotton
drilling, burlaps, hemp, carpeting, linen, calico, cotton sheeting, pilot
cloths, blankets, ingrain carpeting, avooI sacks, woollen drawers, woollen
undershirts, cottonized flax, mens' boots, tea, coffee, assorted cordage,
tar, rosin, turpentine, printing paper, best book on the industrial
resources, wine bitters, linseed oil, cotton seed oil, cotton plantation,
indigo, rice.
Too much cannot be said in favor of agricultural statistics. They
form the key which unlocks the hidden treasures of agricultural produc-
tions, reveals to the farmer and merchant the great laws^of demand and
supply, of tillage and barter, enabling both to work out a safe and'
healthy prosperity. There is no logic so desirable or so irresistible as
the logic of statistics, and perhaps particularly so in California, where
the farmer and producer are so dependent upon a foreign market, and
often — quite too often — upon the speculator, who pockets, at the farmer's
sacrifice, the lion's share of profit. Farmers now in this State are in a
condition to hold their crops, and they should do here as the}^ do in the
great West. Let the speculator meet him at his door and bargain for
his crop. Farmers have now but three things to do : Cultivate judi-
ciously ; hold on to their crops, and vote for greenbacks. Excuse me,
ladies and gentlemen, for mentioning greenbacks, they will soon speak
for themselves. The laws of exchange and currency are like the laws of
nature, they must be obeyed. The commerce of the world is dependent
on agricultural productions. A scarcity of these, or their superabund-
ance, affects the exchanges of tjie world; therefore, it behooves the pro-
' 48
338 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
dncer of agriculturul products to be well posted rc^rardinj^ his jirospective
crops; therefore, the necessity of a true table of statistics
A word ill re<^ard to the -nsectivorous birds, tlie insect eaters, the
species that warble to us beautiful soni^s and oi-nament home surround-
ings. The species found here are the blacki)irds. creepers, finches, spar-
rows, woodpeckers, larks, ma<i;pie, bluejay (thouifh 1 liave not much to
say in favor of this robber of cherries and ])luins), swallows, martins,
and cverj'body's pet and friend, cock-robin. These birds dail}' devour
myi'iads of insects, vermin, larva, caterpillars. £j;rubs and scores of other
varieties of noxious insects, that would, in the absence of these bene-
factors and friends of man, completely destroy orchards, gardens, trees
and foliage. Acute observers of the habits of these birds and ornithol-
ogists cite hundreds of instances to this effect. God, in liis all-wise
Providence, created the small fish for food for larger ones; so insects
and other vermin were created for food for birds. Yet, in view of these
provisions and protection for bird and man, thousands of boys and men,
full grown men, stand all day as sentinels, shotgun in hand, to kill by
the thousands our friends and protectors, because, forsooth, they eat a
few cherries, a pear or an apple. Did these cruel lellows understand the
habits and use of these species of birds, they would plant an extra fruit
tree or two for their use rather than shoot them. 1 think it just and
fair that these innocent little fellows should have, now and then, a bite
of a cherr}", as part pay for a haid da3''s work, in helping the farmer and
cultivator to rid his trees and grounds of noxious insects and vermin.
It is impossible in a few sentences to do justice to this subject. The
subject should be studied by all agriculturists and horticulturists that
think their interests suffer by birds. 1 will leave this interesting sub-
ject, hoping these few hints will lead to investigation by all interested,
and devote a few moments to larger game and one that is seemingly
more profitable — the poultry and egg business.
Few persons are aware of the immense wealth produced by
the poultry- business, or of the enormous amount yearl}'' con-
sumed in this and other countries. Time will not admit of going
into details. A few instances of the consumption ^of poultr}' and
eggs in some of the leading commercial marts must suffice. Sweet
Erin sends through Dublin, yearly, to her beloved friends in Jiiverpool
and London, of eggs, seventy-two millions, in value, five million dollars;
Belgium sendsij^'carly to London over forty millions; France, not will-
ing to be outdone by her neighbor in the egg business, sends to John
Bull ninety-six millions, reserving for home consumption three thousand
millions, Paris alone devouring one hundred and forty millions — exhibit-
ing the fact that Franco deals largely in other luxuries than soup and
frogs. And John Bull, too, has a taste for other luxuries than beef.
England has a constant investment in poultr}' of fifty million dollars;
France, of seventy-five million dollars.
Crossing the water to the city of notions and isms, Boston: Statistics
show that she, too, has a taste for good things, by consuming yearly
over two million dollars worth of ooultry and eggs. New York, ever
ready to outdo the hub of the universe, even in wickedness and cor-
ruption, gobbles up over four million dollars worth of eggs and poultrj*.
Cincinnati exports, yearly, twentj'-fivo millions of eggs. This city,
Stockton, sends yearly to market from two hundred and fift3* thousand
to three hundred thousand dollars worth of poultry and eggs. This
amount is principally produced within a radius of twenty miles of this
city. A nice little sum as pin money for the wives and daughters of this
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 339
ruval district, to buy an inch or two of ribbon for a bonnet, a bloomer,
or a Cirecian bend.
You see. Mr. Farmer, by the above figures, the immense wealth the
biddies produce. Is it not worth 3'our while to pay a little more atten-
tion to your stock of poultr}' '( Give them plenty of fresh water, gravel,
good grub, clean roosts and shelters, and keep only the best breeds. The
most popular breeds now are the black Spanish, crested or Polatid,
Dominiques. Dorkings, the pugnacious game bantams, Shanghai or the
Asiatic varieties. The raising of poultry and eggs for market may
appear to many -but a trifling concern. There is no branch of rural
economy more sure and profitable. It not only produces an immense
article of consumption and commerce, but it enlivens and beautifies our
homes. In England and Continental Europe it is an immense traffic,
but Uncle Sam's citizens have had no time yet to spare on this '• small
Leaving fowls, we will spend a few moments upon something /oM^er —
swine. This State contained, by official figures in eighteen hundred and
sixty-seven, four hundred and twelve thousand five hundred and seven
hogs. Eaising swine, in all countries, is a profitable business; particu-
larly so in California, as, like our poultry, they find their own grub and
shelter, costing the producer but a trifle aside from his trouble. Mr. Hog
gets his growth and fat either under the millions of oak trees, or picks
up the tens of thousands of bushels of grain left in the harvest fields by
a too common and slovenly practice of harvesting. If our farmers
would substitute the Berkshire, SufFolks or Chesterwhites, for the slab-
sided, long nosed tule-rooter, so common in this State, a breed that, the
more they eat the poorer they get, he would not only get a much larger
profit, but would be able to find his stock of switie when he needs them,
without a week's ride on a "worse animal, the bucking mustang, to hunt
them up. But I do not propose to say much about the hog, being too
much of a Jew. Jews, you know, will not eat pig, yet his flesh is con-
sumed by a greater portion of the human race. Sometimes the apothe-
cary makes use of Mr. Hog by making lard " sparmaciti " for healing
unctions; also compounds it into many rejuvinating ointments, which
would astonish the pig, did he know or undei-stand his destin}', or reflect,
while wallowing in mud and fat, that he would sometime be bottled for
"cod liver oil," or " bear's grease," or spread into a " poor man's plaster,"
or the all-curing " Eussian salve," to help the feeble man the better to
grunt and sweat under the ills human flesh is heir to. There is one
instance of the pork packing business in the States worth a minute's
time to mention. Mr. Hancock, of the firm of Cragin & Co.. Chicago,
one of the Chicago commercial party, who recently visited this vState,
told me while in Stockton, that his firm took account of stock a year
since, and found on hand seventy-one thousand barrels of pork, worth
three million dollars; also, had on hand bacon, in value, five hundred
thousand dollars. I should think this was some pork This firm
slaughtered the same j^ear thirty-one thousand head of cattle, and are
now preparing to slaughter in Southern Louisiana fifty thousand head
this fall. This is the way our Chicago neighbors do up business.
A word for the bovine race : We had in this State, by the last official
figures, five hundred and three thousand and forty-six head of cattle, in
value (at forty dollai'S per head, the average price), twenty million dol-
lars. Milch cows, one hundred and eighty-six thousand, valued at fifty
dollars per head, three hundred thousand dollars. These cows should
produce yearly, of butter, two hundred pounds to the cow, or thirty-seven
340 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
million two hundred thousand pounds. Yet there was produced in
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven but four million nine hundred and
sixty-four thousand three hundred and thirt^'-eight pounds. Tliis State
has imported butter, since eighteen hundred and sixty-four to August
last, two hundred and six thousand firkins, or tweut)' million six hun-
dred thousand pounds; in value, at thirty cents per pound, six million
one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. So you see, Mr. Daii-yman,
the butter business in this State is worth your while to look after.
The dairy products of the United States have become an important
branch of national industry'. The butter product in eighteen hundred
and sixty was four hundred and sixty-nine million six hundred and
eighty-one thousand pounds ; cheese, two hundred million six hundred
and sixty-three thousand pounds, valued at two million six hundred
thousand dollars, and constantl}' increasing. Number of cattle in eighteen
hundred and sixty-eight, in the United States, twenty-eight million nine
hundred and sixty-four thousand; horses, seven million seven hundrd
and fifty-six thousand nine hundred and forty; swine, twent3'-four mil-
lion three hundred and seventeen thousand ; sheep, thirty-eight million
nine hundred and ninety-one thousand. The value of live stock on Uncle
Sam's ranch (and it is some ranch) is one billion three hundred and
thirty-seven million dollars. This amount is the tax valuation ; double
this amount, which is two billion six hundred and seventy four million
dollars, and it would be about the market value — an amount more than
equal to our National debt; a nice commentar}' upon the croakers and
would-be repudiators of our National currency.
The number of domestic stock in this State, b}' the last official figures,
were : Horses, two hundred and nine thousand eight hundred and forty-
seven ; cattle, five hundred and three thousand and forty-six ; swine,
four hundred and twelve thousand five hundred and seventy ; sheep, one
million eight hundred and thirty-three thousand six hundred and sixty-
seven ; milch cows, one hundred and eighty-six thousand. Domestic
stock of all kinds since eighteen hundred and sixtj' has gradually'
increased in quality and value by higher breeding. The mustang breeds,
like the Digger Indians, are disappearing from their old stamping
grounds, yielding them to a higher and more civilized race, thus creating
more profit, wealth and taxes.
Alluding above to associated help, or agricultural societies and asso-
ciations for the diffusion of agricultural knowledge, to aid the farmer
and producer, a combination of farmers and dair^nnen in neighborhoods,
for the purpose of manufacturing butter and cheese, has become in the
Eastern and Western States quite common, following and profiting b}*
the old system of combined wealth, and brains of bankers, manufacturers
and tradesmen. There are now in these States over one thousand asso-
ciations for the purpose of making butter and cheese, producing annually
over two hundred million dollars worth. So far this system lias ])roved
safe and profitable; therefore, why not inaugurate it in California ^ We
are now importing yearl3' over two million dollars worth of butler, and
more than half this amount of cheese. This amount should be made in
this State, thus saving the exporting of one of our principal products —
gold, in payment. This amount should go into the hands of our farmers
and dairymen. It is graded stock, crosses from thoroughbreds, the
farmer and stock raiser needs to increase the amount of dairy products
and profits. Breed up, instill strains of pure blood, and rid the farm of
all mustang breeds.
Horse racing, or trials of speed of horses, at agricultural fairs, is an
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 341
amusement and practice ignored by many, in all communities, and the
managers of these fairs are much abased because, forsooth, they encour-
age tills profitable liranch of natural wealth — the raising of valuable
stock, such as a Norfolk, an Ethan Allen, a Dexter and hundreds of
others, speedy and notable animals, worth from ten thousand to thirty
tliousand dollars each. There are reasons why this amusement should
be tolerated at our agricultural fairs. The horse is, by all nations and
in all ages, universall}' admired, and horse racing has been a matter of
admiration and is coeval with their subjection to man. The value of a
horse is increased a hundredfold b}' his extra speed and endurance. The
farmer and breeder exhibits his animal for their extra qualities, with
pride, and in the expectation of getting an extra price, which he readily
obtains; thus stimulating his neighbor to improve his stock. Any judi-
cious mode which will improve desirable qualities of the horse, particu-
larl}^ speed and endurance, increases to a ver^^ large per cent, this value,
consequently wealth, and lessens taxation Trials of speed and endur-
ance of the horse are amusements, when well conducted, which even an
old fogy and the fastidious clergymen desire to witness. Thousands
visit agricultural fairs for no other reason than to witness the horse
department and trials of speed. This class of persons would not travel
so far to see a mammoth squash, an apple, or a sewing machine, so common
in this State, yet, being brought directly in contact with a great variety
of other interests than the horse, return \vith new ideas, and are better
informed men. Trials of speed, at these fairs, are necessary adjuncts ;
they increase the receipts and pi'oducethe material aid, which could not
be produced otherwise, thus enabling these societies to pa}^ their bills
and premiums. Without this aid, agricultural societies cannot prosper
or even exist. All good things are liable to abuse. Wbo knows but
that beautiful part of creation, the ladies, would not abuse the Suffrage
Act should they be allowed to vote? They might become our lords, and
we men, something else? There is one thing I am sure the}^ would do —
vote for a horserace. Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen, for dwelling so
long upon the horse.
The great valleys, San Joaquin and Tulare, extending from Stockton
to Tejon Pass, three hundred miles, by an average width of fifty miles,
embracing twelve counties, containing over eighteen million three hun-
dred and sixty-eight thousand acres, a territory larger than all the New
England States, save New Hampshire. These counties contain land
susceptible of cultivation, six million of acres ; swamp and tide lands, five
hundred thousand acres. This amount of land good for cultivation does
not embrace land in the hundreds of little valleys in the mountains, and
on the foot-hills, now well known to be perfectly adapted to fruit culti.ire,
particularly the grape in most of its varieties. These valleys have been
little known or thought of outside of their i-esident population until
recently. Since eighteen hundred and sixty-eight more land has been
entered in the Stockton Land Office (over two hundred thousand acres)
than in all previous years. The land in the valleys bordering on the
Stanislaus, Tuolumne' Merced, Mariposa, Owens, Fresno and Chowchilla
Eivers are extensively rich in soil, being a sandy loam, alluvium, and
enriched for ages by the accumulation of decomposed vegetable matter
and mineral washings from the mountains and hillsides; also, similar
lands bordering on King's, White, Kern and Tulare Rivers, and the
score of smaller streams which, like the larger streams or rivers, mean-
der through the land from the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and
empty their waters into the San Joaquin River and Tulare Lake, a dis-
342 TRANSACTIONS OF TUE
tanco of from tvventj-five to forty miles from the mountains. Hundreds
of thousands of acres in the mountains and liillsides afford abundance of
rich i^rasses the entire year for <^razin^. This section of tlic Slate has
always been preferred by the Spanish and American settlers, the climate
beini^ more <;enial for raisini; the immense herds of stock than the
northern section. The old S])anish breed of cattle and horses, that have
continually grazed by the hundreds of thousands in these valle3's since
eighteen hundred and fifty-five, have been reduced in numbers, and slock
of all kinds has wonderiuUy increased in quality by the introduction of
pure American breeds, and recently by ])ure blooded or thoroughbred
iiorses, Devon and Durham cattle, Spanish and French Merino sheep,
Berkshire, Suftblk and Essex hogs.
One instance in regard to what this valley (San Joaquin) has pro-
duced this season, of wheat, is worth a moment's mention, from the fact
that three years ago this section was a wide waste, not supposed to bo
worth the expense and time to cultivate. This section, called the Para-
dise country, lies between the vStanislausand Tuolumne Elvers, embracing
a territory of two hundred and thirty thousand three hundred acres in
one field of wheat. Fifteen bushels to the acre is the estimated average per
acre, or equal to about three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand
bushels. About an equal amount of wheat was raised this season in the
neighborhood of this trulj^ Paradise. A nice little freight for a rail-
road.
In the Alpine regions, dense forests cover millions of acres, producing
valuable woods for mechanical purposes and varieties of pines for lumber;
also, minerals of all kinds, inexhaustible quarries of pure marble, quartz,
lime, slate and freestone.
This State contains one hundred and fifty-four thousand one hundred
and sixteen square miles, or ninety-eight million six hundred and thirty-
four thousand two hundred and forty acres of land. Of this, sixty-five
millions of acres are adapted to agriculture and fifteen million to grazing,
the balance being mountain and swamp, or tule land. Under judicious
management, experience has demonstrated that almost all productions
of the soil that are raised elsewhere can be produced in California. This
fact is by this time undoubtedly well known to all observing and reading
persons, yet it is well for Californians to keep this fact before the people,
a la Sherman, who made an immense fortune by keeping his lozenges
before the babies.
There are several magnificent features in these valleys (the San
Joaquin and Tulare) probably unsurpassed in the world. The unparal-
leled grandeur of the scenery; the soil and climate; the facilities for
irrigating the whole valley land at a small expense, comparative!}' ; the
many large rivers and scores of intervening streams that all spring from
the mountains and meander through the land, and emptj' their waters
into the San Joaquin and the Tulare Lake, have a fall from the base of
the Sierra Nevadas to the river and lake of about eight feet to the mile,
thus giving sufficient force to spread their waters over the plains, by a
system of canals and ditches.
The picturesque scenery is on a scale grand be^^ond description.
Throughout all the Alpine region, hundreds of lofty peaks ])iled one
above the other, like stepping stones to other regions, varying in height
from four hundred to fifteen thousand feet above the level of tiie sea,
are truly sublime and majestic, surpassing that of Switzerland, which
for ages has been famed for possessing the largest body of elevated land
and the largest number of mountain peaks known, and the greatest
STATK AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 343
number of square miles eight thousand feet above tide water. While
Switzerhind has onl}- four peaks above thirteen thousand feet, and but
one iiundred and fifty s([tiare miles above eight thousand feet, the Sierra
Nevada Mountains have one hundred peaks above ten thousand feet, and
three hundred square miles above eight thousand feet. There are sev-
eral peaks, according to Professor Brewer's estimate, above twelve thou-
sand feet. Mount Shasta, which towers in solitar}^ grandeur seven
thousand feet above everj'thing in its vicinity, and shows three States,
is no longer the highest peak, being but fourteen thousand four hundred
and forty feet. In Kern County, opposite Tulare Lake, is a peak sup-
posed by Professor Brewer to be the highest in the Sierra Nevada
Mountains. Mr. King, of the Brewer surveying party, reached an
elevation of fourteen thousand seven hundred and thirty feet, as high
as he was able to get, from three hundred to four hundred feet was sup-
posed to be above him. This peak not only dethrones Mount Shasta,
but also the highest Alpine region of the Alps.
The Sierra Nevada Mountains, which flank on the east the length of
California, seven hundred miles, overlooking these splendid valleys, is
one of the romantic features of the State, snow-capped in the winter,
and in the summer and fall wearing a sombre blue, which gives them an
indescribable grandeur and leads one's thoughts to an infinite power,
the Creator of the heavens and the earth.
344 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ANNUAL ADDRESS.
DELIVERED AT THE NINTH ANNUAL FAIR OF THE CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, SEPTEMBER FOURTEENTH, EIGHTEEN
HUNDRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
By O. F. alley, President.
Officers and Memhers of the Contra Costa Agricultural Societi/, Ladies and
Gentlemen : I am very happy to be able to meet you to-night under such
favorable auspices. Never in any age has the car of progress been so
heavily loaded with fruitful events as at the present time; never since
the time of our first parents in the garden has the effort of man achieved
such mighty results. I congratulate you, then, that you are of this
nineteenth century. I am pleased to meet you as citizens of this great
American republic; this God-given land; the home of the free and the
asylum of the oppressed. I am gratified to claim fellowship with you
as citizens of glorious California, the empire of the West and queen of
all her sisters in Uncle Sam's broad domain ; and I am more than proud
to be able to claim you as citizens of the County of Contra Costa. We
meet to-night in social reunion to commemorate the ninth birthday of
our society. Since our last annual gathering, tlie greatest undertaking of
modern times has been suecessfull}- accomplished. The East and the West
have been bound together with bands of iron. What but a few years ago
Avas considered the idle fanc}^ of a disordered mind is to-day an estab-
lished fact. To-night, while we are talking, the ])ioneers of twenty years
ago are speeding their wa}' across the continent, travelling in regal Inx-
ur}'. Who of all these pioneers that left their homes twenty years ago and
embarked perhaps on board some ship that was to make her wear}^ and
pathless track through two oceans; buffeting the waves and storms of
the pitiless and much dreaded Cape Horn ; experiencnng tJie climes of
everj- zone, and consuming from four to six months in reaching this, to
them, haven of .hope, would have been bold enough to have predicted
that in eighteen hundred and sixty-nine he would take a trip back to the
old homestead by rail? Is there one of all those who landed on the
Isthmus and was transported up the Chagres Uiver in the log canoe
propelled by naked muscle, that would have had the temerit}- to have
said, God willing, in twenty years from now I will go back to my old
homo overland by steam 't
Which one, think 3'ou, of all the hardy j'eomen that came " mid the
plains across," embarking all their household gods in a " prairie
schooner," travelling over a trackless waste at the rate of twelve or fif-
teen miles a day, camping each night, weary and footsore, with no com-
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 345«
pany save their own little band, the twinkling stars, and perchance the
raoon reflecting the light of the morrow's sun that should still find them
])ursuing their onward track to these western shores, could have looked
iiis iellow voyager in the face and seriously have said : ■' In the march
of events, tweiit}' 3'ears shall witness the road we now travel over banded
with iron " When they were fatigued and discouraged with the slow pro-
gress they were making, and when they saw that the great overland
schooners, that they had allowed would take them over in safety, were
more fatigued and discouraged than themselves — when the tire says to
bis felloes : •' I can roll you no further over this desert waste," and the
felloes replied, " so be it, I am heartil}' tired of being squeezed," and
each spoke set up for itself, leaving the hub no other alternative but
to accept the situation ; how little those pioneers thought that tire and
felloes, spokes and hubs, were to be the mile posts to mark the path of
the great railwa}^ of to-day, that the bows from their wagons were bows
of promise of this great, this glorious achievement. Tliey have lived to see
the time when they can step into a car, luxurious in all its appointments,
and starting from where the Pacific rolls its surges against the western
shores of this broad domain, they can, in a week's time, be set down in
the great metropolis of this republic, whose feet are laved b}' the waters
of the Atlantic.
While matter can thus be whirled along, our thoughts, that are the
emanations of the spirit that predominates over and directs matter, can
be transmitted across the continent from San Francisco to New York in
so short a time that space is almost annihilated. As one great thought
is but the father of another that may open the way to grand and hidden
results, so a great project is but the introduction of some other mighty
achievement within the almost infinite grasp of man. No sooner do we
see the great imilway, the longest in the world, in successful operation,
than we hear of the project of a telegraph line from San Francisco to
Japan, a distance of eight thousand miles. Thus we see one supply
makes another demand. We can take the teas of China and Japan from
San Francisco to New York in one week; but we are not satisfied with
that; we Avant to be able to ask them in Japan the price of their teas,
and to know how much they are going to give us for good Goshen butter.
While such mighty projects and achievements are being pushed forward
to success, let us turn within ourselves a.nd take a retrospective view of
the country- and its aftairs, and see whether we are forging a link that
shall make one in the great chain of progress, and that shall entitle us
to the consideration of this progressive age, or whether we shall be left
behind in the great race, as old fossils, fit only for the century that has
gone before ?
As we look around this hall to-night, we are pleased to see the effort
that has been made by the different exhibitors to make our ninth annual
exhibition compare favorably with former 3'ears. We have quite a
variety of the products of the soil. Wheat, barley, flax seed, turnips,
squashes — that might be called some pumpkins, from their size — cucum-
bers that have stretched themselves out so that they look more like the
subtle animal that tempted Eve than they do like cucumbers; broom
corn that looks as though it had been reaching up to feed upon the dews
of heaven, and to look down with quiet disdain upon the common corn by
its side ; beets that are beets, that can beat the beet that beat the beaters.
Watermelons and muskmelons that make the moulh water to look at.
44
•346 TRANSACTIONS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Fruits that would tempt the ^ods, and in such variety as to reflect <?reat
credit, at least upon the princi]>al exhibitor. While the airricultural,
horticultural and ))oniological tlej)artments ai-e assigned their place, wo
are pleased to notice also that the mechanical department puts in a claim
for our consideration, and last but not least, we have to thank the ladies
for the very creditable effort they have made in their department, and
which has added so much to the success of our exhibition, and the lady
who sent us, the first products of silk culture in our count}' is entitled
to honorable distinction.
But while I am thus pleased with the effort that has been made, for
I see, in what we have thus done, an earnest of what we can yet do
to make our fair more interesting and attractive, let us inquire if we,
as a suciet}' formed for the promotion and advancement of agriculture
and mechanics, are on the high road to success, and if we are realizing
the advantages which united action would warrant us to expect. Let
us seriously inquire if we are not drifting away from the original aims
and purposes of this organization, and converting it into an institution
whose principal feature is horse racing? Shall we make the trials of
speed of our fine horses an incidental affair in connection with and sub-
servient to the greater and more laudable objects of this society, or shall
racing be the ne plus ultra, the highest standard we expect to reach? It
seems to me, and it must be apparent to all, that there is necessity for a
radical change. But how are we to make this change ? I see but one
way, and that is to get up a larger interest. We want more farmers and
mechanics to become members of our society. With five hundred mem-
bers we could raise funds sufficient to insure good premiums, and wo
should be enabled to have a variety of exercises that would be enter-
taining and instructive. With a more general interest, lecturers could
be obtained during our fair week, and each evening could be spent profit-
abl}' to all. It is said that he who makes two blades of grass to grow
where but one grew before, is a benefactor of his race! How much
more, then, is he a benefactor of his race who can add a thought or sug-
gestion that shall be the means of ameliorating or ennobling the mind or
condition of man? In this age, so prolific of mighty a(4bievements, we
see that man, possessed of God-like attributes, is never satisfied to remain
quiet until the whole domain of nature has been explored and all her
vast and hitiden resources have been utilized and made subserviei;t to
his will. Man has hardlj^ reached the threshold of science and mechanics,
and the next fifty years will, in all human probability, be as prolific of
inventions and advancement as the past fifty have been. How bright
and glorious then is the future before us ! Let us see to it, then, that we
keep pace with the march of advancement and that wo are not left
behind in the race.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
FOR 1870.
STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE FOR 1870.
PRESIDENT.
CHARLES F. REED Grafton, Yolo County.
DIRECTORS.
n. M. Lakue • Sacramento.
11. R. Covey San Franiisco.
R. S. Cauey Yolo.
C. T. Wheeler Sacramento.
Edgah Mills Sacramento.
Robert Hamilton Sacramento.
William Blanding i^an Francisco.
E. J. Lewis Tehama.
William P. Coleman Sacramento.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
Secretni-i/ Robert Beck, Sacramento.
Treasurer R- T. Brown, Sacramento.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING.
The regular annual meeting of the California State Agricultural
Society was held January twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and seventy,
at the Pavilion, corner of Sixth and M streets.
The meeting was called to order by the President, Charles F. Eced,
who stated the objects of the meeting to be the transaction of the usual
annual business, and the election of a President for the ensuing year,
and thred members of the Board of Directors, to supply the places of
those whose terms had expired.
On motion, the reading of the minutes of the last annual meeting was
disi^ensed with.
The President announced the first business in order to be consideration
of the following report, which was read :
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
To the Memhers of the California State Agricultural Society :
GrENTLEMEX : Our biennial report of the transactions of the society,
now in process of publication, will give to members of the society and
to the people of the State such a full account of all proceedings had
under our direction, and so copious an exhibit of our agricultural interests
and progress, that we do not feel called upon to submit for your consid-
eration any general or extended report at this time.
In compliance, however, with our custom at the annual meetings of
the Board, we will allude briefly to the most important features of the
progress of the society during the past year, and to the present condition
of our rapidly developing farming interests.
We congratulate members that the long struggle we have had with
the unpleasant fact of an outstanding indebtedness has come to a con-
clusion at last, and that the society is now completely free from debt.
At the beginning of the year eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, the
funded debt amounted to three thousand four hundred and sixty-eight
dollars and eleven cents, and the floating debt was five hundred and
twenty-six dollars and sixty-eight cents. This indebtedness has been
fully discharged, and the treasury of the society now contains one hun-
dred and seventy-one dollars and seventy-eight cents. The total receipts
350 TRANSACTIONS OF THE
from all sources, during the year eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, were
twenty-eight thousand four hundred and ninety -seven dollars and eighty-
five cents. An examination of the details of dishursements made will
show tiiat the closest interests of the society have heen consulted in the
expenditures, and that, in addition to meeting all the society's obliga-
tions, and awarding bountiful premiums to exhibitors at the fair held
in September, we have made valuable permanent improvements, thu8
adding materially to our property interests, and providing means
Avhercby the expenses of holding our annual fair will be perceptibly
diminished. Needed improvements have been made at the Park, and
others and more expensive ones have been already provided for by appro-
priations. At the Pavilion we have a steam engine of sixt^'-horse power,
in excellent order, and with all the attachments made and other means
provided to furnish motive power to mechanical exhibitors. The last
fair held under our auspices was a marked success.
In comparing the progress made in California during eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine with that of preceding years, in agricultural development,
we find just cause for congratulation. Crops have been generally good.
A vast number of acres of fertile land have been newly broken by the
plough, and we have received large accessions to our farming population.
Stock raising has been attended with general success throughout the
State, and our wool interests are in a most flourishing condition — the
clip amounting to almost one-seventh of the entire product in the United
States. The foundation has been laid in this State for the eventual
attainment of an agricultural growth second to that of no State in
the Union. We look forward with pleasure to the prospective useful-
ness of our societ}', which has obtained a firm pecuniary footing in
good time to be able to foster the most vital interests of the State, and
do not doubt but that the year eighteen hundred and seventy will find
the society, at its close, in a condition of assured prosj)erity and useful-
ness.
CHARLES F. REED, President.
Robert Beck, Secretary.
•
On motion, the report of the Directors was accepted and ordered
spread upon the minutes.
It was moved and carried, that a Committee on Finance be appointed
by the Chair, to consist of three members, to examine the accounts of
the Treasurer.
The President appointed E. Black Ryan, C. S. CoflRn and Lauren
Upson such committee, who subsequently handed in the following
report :
We, the committee appointed to examine and report on the accounts
of the Treasurer of the society, have made such examination and found
his accounts to be correct. There is in his hands society funds to the
amount of six hundred and thirty-six dollars and seventy-eight cents.
The next business in order was announced b}- the President to be the
election of a President for the ensuing year.
Charles F. Reed, of Yolo, was nominated.
[William M. Haynie in the chair.]
It having been moved and unanimously carried that the Secretary
cast the vote of the meeting for Charles F. ilecd, the Secretary announced
that he was duly elected President for the ensuing year.
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 351
The President, on again assuming the chair, returned his thanks for the
appreciation shown by members of the society of his official course, and
stateii that he hoped the record he had made in the past might be justly
considered a sufficient guarantee for his future efforts on behalf of the
society.
The President stated the next business to be the election of three
Directors.
The following nominations were made : E.J Lewis, William Blanding,
\V. P. Coleman. C. H. Ross, J. R Nickerson, T. L. Chamberlain and S.
Tryon.
S. Trj'on declined the nomination.
William Blanding declined the nomination.
William M. Haynie addi-essed the society, and expressed the desire of
many members that William Blanding be elected, notwithstanding his
declination.
The President appointed as Tellers, W. M. Lyon, T. J. Clunie, and L.
Powers.
A ballot was then taken, resulting as follows :
Whole number of votes cast 201
Necessary to a choice 101
E. J. Lewis received 149
William Blanding 133
W. P. Coleman 105
C. H. Ross ; 96
J. R. Nickerson ! 84
T. L. Chamberlain 32
S. Trvon I 1
E J. Lewis of Tehama, William Blanding of San Francisco, and W. P.
Coleman of Sacramento, were declared elected members of the Board
of Directors for the ensuing three years.
William M. Haynie offered the following resolution :
ResoJccJ, That the Boai'd of Dii-ectors of the State Agricultural Society
be instructed to petition the Legislature to make an appropriation of
five thousand dollars annually for two j'ears, for the society, to be applied
as premiums; and also, the further sum of one thousand five hundred
dollars for each of the district societies.
The resolution was discussed by Messrs. Larue, Haynie, Hoag, and
other members, and was adopted.
There being no further business before the society, the meeting, on
motion, at four o'clock adjourned sine die.
352 TRANSACTIONS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
FIRST MEETING OF THE NEW BOARD OF AGRICULTURE,
FOR 1870.
Sacramento, January 26th, 1870.
A meeting of the Board was held at the Secretary's office, at three
o'clock p. M., and called to order by the President.
Directors Carey, Larue, Wheeler, Coleman, Covey, Mills, Blanding,
Lewis and Hamilton (a full board) were present.
On nomination of Mr. Coleman, Eobert Beck was re-elected Secretary ;
and on nomination of Mr. Mills, E. T. Brown was reelected Treasurer.
Messrs. Larue, Care}', Wheeler and Blanding were appointed a com-
mittee to prepare a memorial to the Legislature for an appropriation ;
and on motion of Mr. Wheeler, Lewis was added to the committee.
On motion of Mr. Mills, it was ordered that the next State fair com-
mence on the twelfth and end on the seventeenth of September next.
Messrs. Care^^ Larue, Coleman, Blanding and the President were
appointed a committee to revise the premium list.
On motion of Mr. Mills, the Secretary was authorized to have the
reports of the United States Commissioners to the Paris PLxposition
bound, and also fifty copies of the report of the Board of Agriculture
for eighteen hundred and sixty-six and eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven, the bound copies all having been exhausted.
On motion, the meeting adjourned to tlie call of the President.
STATISTICAL TABLES FOR 1868.
45
354
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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Bushels....
co" co" co" '*" co" (m" o" o" (xT t>^ oT oo" co" T-T o~ co" oo" o" o" o~
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r-H o t^ CO GO CI O lO CO O OT O Ci (M M 1^ lO '-'t O O
Acres of land
GO__CO C0^Gq_C0__'-H_'O_C0_O^t-^C/D^O^C0^iO_O_i— <^Ci_CO^OC^O^
cultivated
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inclosed
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356
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Bushels.,
Acres .
Bushels.,
Acres.
Bushels.,
Acres .
Bushels..
Acres.
Bushels.
Acres.
QO O CO O
l^ o -t o
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CO I— I C5 1— I O lO 1— I
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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o c;C' o o
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Bushels.
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Bushels
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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362
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Pounds of honey.
Pounds of wool.
Pounds of cheese.
Pounds of butter.
3
C.
C
o
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Acres of broom corn.
O
Hi
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Pounds of silk cocoons...
Pounds
Acres.
Tons of pumpkins and
and squashes
Tons of turnips.
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Number of lemon trees...
Number of fig trees.
Number of apricot trees.
Number of quince trees.,
Number of nectarine
trees
O
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Number of plum trees.
Number of pear trees.,
Number of peacb trees.
Number of apple trees.
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Number of strawberry
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Number of raspberry
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Number of gooseberry
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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f-I r-T CO M o" ci c-f >i t ~ X
— 'i-T i-rr-r'M'~ar -j-S'd^^^
cattle
i-( .— 1 (M rH CO
c-l ro -— .-^ -M C^J
aDOOiO'MiOi:OOOiOOt^OOO'M--1<iOOOOO
<MiOi-HOQOr-lOiCOQCaO
Ci CO lO c;' o 'M o c^ I— o
Number of oxcu
CO r-( CO <M (M OT,-^ i-HCO(MiOi— i-t^ r-ti~Tt<COC5_
l-^
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1— lOOCOCOiCl^MCOOO'Mr-''-H'MOOOOO
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Number of beef cattle...
t^ CO O C; lO -H r— 1 CO O CO
cc X' •— ', i^ o o I— -V'-'v '-^-
t-T C-fco"(Nr COr^oi^
c^f oi u- i-H ,-^ m' c>i
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C-1 O O C5 CO lO 00 1^ Ci 1-
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'jf^^O 0_C^T^CO_00_iM^iO Ci^OC
<— 'T-*00'*'0300-^'00
Number of culvcs
CO i—ICOi— lOOCO i-Ht--
O Ci I— It— iCOfMi— 'QO
COOrJHCiOOCOO'tt^
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1
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CO -t .— ' O O CO O X ^ o
CD^X) O^C^Ci^O^i— ; I— i^^O
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Number of cows.,.,
lo" (M'"co'~>-rco'cd" (>rco'
~ CO ~f i-T (m' co' "O r-T cT
rH iM
CI I-H .-H
t^ :
lO Ci c-l Ci CO CO O (M
-^oot^i^MO-rt^ico
COO'*ir-lrfl TtlC-lr— liCOJ O l>»i— 1
Number of asses
r— 1
I— 1
COOO— l^OOOCOC-lOO-fOCiCOt^OOOO
■>* 5^1 w5 urS lO X 1^ 1^ CO CO
ci c; -t <— i CO !M o CO o o
Number of mules
1
C5 1-t t- M lO O C-l CO
1- CI lO t-H O^ C) 0_
cf co"
Cn:0-r'Mt-:OOC5COO
t^ h O O CO '^ o o o o
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>— co«o i-~ •— o o c: o o
_^
CO CO "TT x_co__x_t^co •-<, l^
^CO^l^ I— ^CO X__0 w^I-;_0 o
Number of horses
oo" (m" o" c-f t-^ co" c<r -*
1
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o
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o
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Gallons of brandy
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Gallons of wine
cT o" lo' ^
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
369
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t- lO o o C'l o -f t^ CO t~ c: -f o
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■M 1— ' O (M M O
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370
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
o
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Number of hives of
c<r irTr-"
I— r
: r^
bees
r-*
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: o CI o c; o o o
: o
i^oooor- lO"— 'cc<— '1— ■:;:
• O I-H O " ~ '^
I- <:::> ut ci
• 0()
(M 1— 1 O CO r-< O CO '— 1 -rf a; I— 1
: Tj- ic
I-H C I 0_ Ci
: ^i
Number of ducks
OO" i-H i-H
; I-H
c-i co'
: i-h"
OO '
CD lO I-H in -- (M iM 1^ OO
: lo CO o
: o o o
: lo
1—1 ;
r-i-*OCOCOO«DTtiT-H
• (M lO
• O O CO
: t^
Number of geese
i-H :
C5 !M m CO OU CO (M
CO
■ CO IJI I-H
. I-H
c-T o C5 (M (M o CO 1^ — t^ lO -f o o cr. o CO o :
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CO lO lO I~- i^__ U^ t"-^ o un o
I-H OO
lO .
CM
• *l
Number of turkeys..
Co" ' rH <>fi— To OO r^ i— i
I-H
• I-H
(MO-^-^UtOOOi— ICOCO
OO'^Ot^OOO
: lo
r#0-tCiC<ll^l^(MGO-fiO
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CO O <^ CI
• Ci
lO CC O CO^ t--; -t^O^GO^'+^tC t-^
O OO t^ CI I* O GT CO
• "— i-
Number of chickens.
o" Cc'cD O co't^i— To'l^ "^'c^f CxTt-Tc^I lO iC I— 1 i-~
• co"
lO I— .i-Hl-HCQM •—1 1—1
I-H (M
CO I-H
: I-H
— lO>OO'*l0OC0t^OI-
0(M(M0C500000
C0Ot^C0-i'•<*0CI^^-fO(^^^OG0OOOI— i(MOO
I-H -rt* lO 1— 1 1— 1 C;_^ !>• i-H^C\^CO_^ O CO O r— 1 O lO in r- r->
O TT
Number of hogs
CT io"io"t-ro'cD i-TcO (M C5
I-H rH CO
Tf m c« o o
I— 1 CO I— 1 I-H
(M
CO 1-H
(£) t^ <M O Tfl .
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o
• '^''
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m lO CO I-H I-H •
GO t^ rti
ta •
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Number of Cashmere
CO o_
CO
(N
~ '. '.
and Angora goats..
co"
* *
t
r-H
CO
>OOQOO:Ol^OOb-
o '^ u':; o
c« o o o
o o
I—
CO '^ GO T^ Ci CO 'O uC (M
O 1~- ^ -t
(M O O O
o o
TjH
• OiOCOt—r^l— <Mi-Hir:
I-H CO I-H -rt
O O Tf o
o o
Number of sheep
CO
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STATE AORICULTURAL SOCIETY.
371
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
No. of shingles made
Feet of lumber sawed.,
Water power.
Steam power.
Bushels of corn ground..
Barrels of flour made.
Run of stone.
1 Water power.
Run of stone.
Steam power.
o o o
o o o
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373
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TRANSACTIONS OF TIIK
Q
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Pi
Miles in length...
CD
CO
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Pounds of cotton
used
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Pounds of wool
used
--
Number
-^
IRRIGATING
DITCHES.
Acies irrigated...
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MINING DITCHES.
Amount of water
uFcd per da J' —
Inches
5,575
45,900
6,300
O O
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50
1,000
11,055
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
375
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350
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25,000
4,000
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125,000
702,700
22,(300
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE
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Total valuation ..
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1— 'COCO— '*0.— <COi— lOlOOCC-fiO-f-HO — c:-+<
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o o o lO -t< -+< -t o o tr. t^ in o o cc lO o: o- 01 uo
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oi^o^o^o r- r;_ co^ao- o^'-"_^-*'^i~ '^^ — _ o i-^ o_ -r uo^o^
■^cct-^c/Z' o' -t i^o' o" o'of -f — ' oi ir: of -f' o"o"of
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247,549
801,841
210,570
145,650*
81,773
650,916
128,946
868,180
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STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
877
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48
37 S TRANSACTIONS OF THE
K E P O K T .
Ben. E. IIahris City and County Asssessor.
Assessor's Office, )
San Francisco, August 2(1, 1869. )
Hon. John W. Bost,
Surveyor-General :
Sir: In conformity with an Act of the State Lcfjislature passed in
eighteen hundred and sixty-six (see Statutes, page 201), I herewith hand
you a statistical report of the agricultural products of the County of San
Francisco, together with a report of the manufactures and mechanical
industries of this city and county for the year eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight.
In making up this report I regret very much to have to inform you
that similar reasons to which I referred in my report last vear have
almost entirely rendered the effort to gather statistics useless.
You will at once perceive that in many instances the report is a com-
plete duplicate of last year. This is owing, as I have said before, to the
manifest unwillingness on the part of proprietors and othci's connected
with manufacturing enterprises, who are in possession of the correct
data, to give the same. It is evident that the gathering of statistics by
the Assessor has a tendency to prevent the necessary facilities so import-
ant and desirable in carrying out the instructions of the Survej'or-
General.
There is evidently a prevailing notion with many of those persons
referred to, that a full and correct report of their manufactures, etc.,
would have an effectual tendency to increase their personal property
tax. Hence the oft reply (in answer to statistical interrogatories) is,
"put us down the same as last j-ear." and hence the duplicate.
Feeling a deep interest in a full and complete report from San Fran-
cisco County, I have endeavored to do all in my power to make it such.
In man}^ instances, when I could do no better, I have referred to the
United States revenue returns as an assistance in the matter, but you are
well aware that even that method would not suffice in point of accuracy.
Early in the month of February I put one man on this work, exclu-
sivel}', and have kept him continually at it up to this time. His time, as
an Assessor, has been completely used up in what seems to me almost
a useless work. There should be (in my judgment) a law of some force
upon this subject, if at all the State desires information in relation to it.
Before submitting the following list, I beg to return yon my thanks
for the prompt and official manner in which you have instructed the
work to be done, subject to your approval ; and trust that during the
next Legislature you may be able to secure the passage of a law by which
correct statistical information may be obtained, if it must be through
the Assessors' department :
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
379
Axle Grease Manufactory
Men employed
Kosin used, barrels
Butter used, pounds
Bellows Manufactory
Men employed
Horse power of engine
Value of manufactures
Billiard Table Manufactories
Men employed
Tables made
Average value of tables
Box Manufactories
Men emploj'ed
Lumber used (pine, fir and spruce), feet.
Spanish cedar used ,
Horse power of engines ,
Brass Foundries
Men employed
Value of manufactures
Boot and Shoe Manufactories
Men e mploj'ed
Value of manufactures
Breweries
Men employed
Beer made, barrels
Month!}' capacity, barrels ,
Broom and Wooden Ware Manufactories
Men employed
Brooms made, dozen
Pails, dozen
Tubs, nests of four each
Zinc washboards, dozen
Barrel covers, dozen
Peach baskets, dozen
Sieves, dozen
Broom handles, dozen
Butter moulds, dozen
Cheese safes, dozen
Salt boxes, dozen
Sj'rup kegs
Powder kegs
Candle Manufactory
Men employed
Candles made, boxes
Capacity per year for candles, boxes
1
5
1,000
12,000
I
4
5
810,000
3
22
97
8450
5
169
5,600,000
160,000
90
5
85
8143,000
3
122
8160,000
21
153
120,300
9,750
66
35.000
6,500
1,650
3,800
450
600
800
26,500
400
450
2,200
8,000
6,000
1
11
15,000
25,000
380
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Carriage Manufactories
[Statistical information generally refused, which was the
case also in 18GS. Jlcncc no report of carriages.]
Chemical Works
Men employed
Nitrate of soda used, tons
Sulpliur consumed, tons
Sulphuric and nitric acid made, tons
Capacity of works per day (sulphuric acid) tons.
Capacity of works (nitric acid)
Sulphate of copper made, tons
Cigar Manufactories
Men employed....
Monthly capacity 8,500,000
Ci-ars made i 38,692,000
10
3
15
250
450
520
4
1
125
70
1.232
Cordage Factory
Men em ployed
Horse power of engines
Hemp manufactured, tons
Capacit}' of works per year, tons.
Dry Docks
[Please to see historical report of last 3'ear.]
Hat and Cap Manufactories....
Men emploj'ed
Hats made annually'', dozen.
Caps made annually, dozen.
Flour Mills
Men emplo3^ed
Flour made in 1867, barrels
Pearl barley, tons
Hominy, tons
Farina, tons
Oatmeal, tons
Groats, ton s
Buckwheat and rye flour
Feed barley (ground), tons
Run of stone
Horse power of engines
Aggregate daily capacity of mills, barrels of flour
Fueniture, Etc., Manufactories
Men employed
Horse power of engines
Value of manufactures
Gas Metre ^Ianufactory..
Men employed
Value of manufactures.
1
50
150
1,500
1,750
11
26
520
1,400
12
14
529,400
60
80
50
150
53
950
5,000
45
711
2,005
8
138
20
S170,000
1
4
^4,000
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
381
G LASS Works
Men employed
Fu rnaces
Pots
\ aluc of inanul'actures — not reported.
Capacity of works per month — not reported.
Glass Cutting Works
Men employed
Value of manufactures
2
86
2
15
2
6
$8,500
Gold and Silver Kefinery
Men employed
Gold and silver refined, ounces.
IIosE and Belting Manufactory
Men emplo^'cd
Hose made, feet
Belting ?iiade, feet
Horse collars made, dozen
Hose and belting leather used, sides.
Collar leather used, feet ,
Iron Foundries and Boiler Shops.
Men employed
Pig iron used, tons
Bar iron used, tons
Sheet and boiler iron used, tons.
Rivets of iron used, tons
Iron Door, Shutter and Safe Shops.
Men emplo3'ed
Sheet iron used, tons
Bar iron used, tons
Cast iron used, tons
Cast steel used tons
Glue Manufactory
Men employed
Glue made, tons
Neatsfoot oil made, gallons
Curled hair made, pounds
Capacity per day for glue, tons..
Capacity per day for oil, gallons.
Last Manufactory
Men employed
Value of manufactures
Lead and Shot Works
Men employed
Quantity of lead manufiictured, tons.
Quantity of shot manufactured, tons.
Capacity of works per year, tons
1
5
1,500,000
1
17
14,000
75,000
500
2,800
50,000
19
1,093
9,880
1,854
2,904
199
7
84
542
589
9
4
1
21
500
5,000
20,000
30
2C0
1
4
87,000
1
18
900
200
2,000
382
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
Linseed Oil Works
Men employed
P'lax seed used, tons
Oil made, gallons
Capacity per day for oil, gallons
Malt Manufactories
M e n e m p 1 03' e d
Grain malted (barley) 100 pound sacks
Match Manufactories
Men em ploy cd
Matches made, gross
Mirror Silvering Works
Men employed
Sil veri ng tables
Value of manufactures
Pianoforte Manufactories
Men employed
Pianos made
Average value of each instrument
Pyrotechnic Works
Men empl 03'ed
Value of manufactures
Eolling Mills
Men employed
Horse power of engines
[Further statistics the Superintendent could not give in
due time for this report.] ,
Salt Mills
Men employed
Salt ground (domestic), tons .,
Salt ground (foreign), tons
Run of stone
Horse power of engines
Saw Man u factor y
Men emplo^-ed
Steel used annually, tons
Horse power of engine
Value of manufiactures
Sash and Door Manufactories
Men employed
Val ue of ma n ufactures
Saw Mills
Lumber sawed, feet
Saws run
1
8
300
25,000
900
6
18
68,250
6
43
95,000
1
5
4
820,000
4
19
152
$U50
1
4
87,000
1
58
300
5
35
4.500
2,800
8
77
1
35
50
25
870,000
7
261
8773,000
24,200,000
49
STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,
383
Men employed
lIorf>e power of engines.
Soap Manufactorieh
Men emplo3'cd
Soap made, jiounds
"WasliiiiiT powder made. poiind.s
Capacity of work.s per month, pounds.
Stave Factory
Men employed
Horse power of engine...
Capacil}', staves per day.
Steam Marble Saw Works
Men emplo3'ed
Horse power of engine
Saws run (one gang)
Value of manufactures — not reported.
Sugar Kefineries
Men e mploy ed
Horse power of engines
Eaw sugar used, pounds
Eefined sugar made, pounds
Syrup made, gallons
Capacity of works per day (raw sugar), pounds.
Tanneries
Men employed
Tan baric used, cords
Hides tanned, number
Calf skins tanned, dozen
Kip and sheep skins tanned, dozen.
Tool and File Manufactories.
Men emjjloyed
Value of manufactures
Trunk Manufactories
Men employed
Value of manufactures.
T YPE Foundry
Men employed
Value of manufactures
Capacity of works per year.
Tub and Pail Manufactories
Men employed
Power of engine, horse
Native timber used, cords.,
Barrel covers made
Salt boxes made, dozen
380
•400
16
54
4,032.000
225,000
1,000,000
1
22
18
3,000
1
28
20
25
3
264
250
23,160,000
20,254,000
627,000
165,000
15
122
2,487
16,350
950
2,054
2
5
§5,500
2
30
§37,000
1
35
$28,000
«50,000
20
20
5,000
22,000
1,200
384
TRANSACTIONS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Sieves Piade, dozen
Pails of all kinds, dozen
Tubs, all sizes
Syrup kegs, in all
ViNEn A R M AN UFACTORI ES
Men employed
^^inegar made, gallons
Wire Goods Manufactory
Men employed
Value of nianufacLures
Woollen M ills
Men employed
Horse power of engines..
Sets of cards
Mules and jacks....
Looms
Spindles
Blankets made, pair ,
Broadcloth, cashmeres and tweeds, yards
Flannel, yards
Flannel shirts and drawers, dozen
Wool used, poutids
400
3.500
20,000
7,000
4
16
86,000
1
12
a25,ooo
3
750
350
29
40
122
11,000
94,500
161,600
845,000
10,000
5,250,000
Most respectfully submitted,
BEN. E. IIAREIS,
Assessor. San Francisco.
MEMORIAL OF W. P. TILDEN, M. D.,
LEGISLATURE OF CALIFORNIA
TRE^T:MIi::N^T, IVT^N^aElV^ENT,
CAEE OP THE INSA^'E OF CALIFOENIA.
D. W. QELWICKS. STATE PRINTER
M E M O R I^L.
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of California :
Gentlemen : Encouraged by the Governor's message, and by the
assurance that a desire prevades your honorable body to co-operate
with his Excellency in devising measures whereby the insane of Cali-
fornia may be placed on a footing with those enjoying the advantages of
the best hospitals in the older States, I take the liberty of approaching
you with some suggestions respecting the Asylum, the insane, their con-
dition and wants, and the means required to accomplish the wishes of
his Excellency and the Legislature.
From the study of psychological medicine — the treatment of insanity
— and the management of insane persons, I have acquired more than an
ordinary interest in the welfare and happiness of that class of unfortu-
nates. This fact will be received, I trust, as a sufficient apology for
obtruding myself upon your notice at this time.
The propositions to which I wish to invite your attention were
embodied in the provisions of a bill, presented by myself to the Assem-
bly during the session of the Legislature of eighteen hundred and sixty-
five and eighteen hundred and sixty-six, and were based upon opinions
formed from experience in the treatment of the insane prior toi'emoving
to this State in eighteen hundred and fifty-four j from experience as
Kesident Physician and Superintendent, for four years, at the Asylum
at Stockton ; from observations made when on a visit, by order of the
Directors of that institution, in eighteen hundred and sixty-three, to
the leading asylums and hospitals in the Eastern States, and from infor-
mation derived, year after year, from the published transactions of the
"Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the
Insane," embracing interchanges of the experience and observations, the
views and opinions of the most eminent men who have made the subject
of insanity their special study; and I may add, also, from information
received from the annual reports of the medical officers and managers of
the asylums and hospitals in Europe and America, together with a careful
reading of the "Journal of Psychological Medicine," published in England,
and the "Journal of Insanity," published in the United States, in which
everything in relation to the location of hospitals, the construction of
buildings, their appointments and appliances, the medical and moral
treatment of the several classes of insanity, is thoronwhly discussed, and
laws dcducihlc therefrom clearly and unmistakably detined. Tlic topog-
raphy of localities for hospitals, the character of buildin<fs, their appoint-
ments, and the measures required to obtain the best results, arc thereforo
no longer open questions. The laws governing the treatment of '■ minds
diseased" are as clearly defined, as well understood and as heartily
accepted, by those who have devoted their lives to the specialty, as the
laws under which the treatment of ordinary diseases are understood by
those engaged in other branches of the healing art,and experience has
demonstrated that when due respect is paid to said laws, as large a per-
centage of cases of insanity recover as an average of other diseases. To
disobc}' or disregard them, however, in any important measure, and
thus distui-b the harmony of the whole, is followed by failure in general
results, with almost as much certainty as that ponderable bodies obey
the laws of gravitation.
In the location of the As3'^lura at Stockton, the laws referred to were
in many respects, if not altogether overlooked or disregarded, and the
results, in view of the expenditures, have been far from satisfactory,
compared with what might have been accomplished had the same
amount been expended in obedience to the views and opinions of the
most enlightened ps3'chologists.
All the measures it is possible for the Legislature to devise, and all
the money in the Sjate treasury, directed to the improvement of that
institution would not suffice to make a first class hospital of it. Nature
forbids it. Elevation, surface drainage, natural facilities for sewerage,
imposing scenery, invigorating atmosphere, and other requirements,
regarded as essentials in choosing a site for such an institution, are not
to be found there.
The old buildings, which are hardly in any respect adapted to the use
of the insane, will not admit of material alterations, and the new one,
although far in advance of the others, is at least twenty j^ears, if not
more, behind the times. What, permit mo to ask, has the State received
in return for the large amount of money expended on that institution
during the last four or five years? Has the percentage of recoveries
been materially enlarged ? Have not the chronic cases increased alarm-
ingly ? Is this from an increase of insanity in the State? That it is
not, is seen in the fact that there has been no material increase in the
average number of commitments, over the increase of population, during
the last seven or eight years; and yet there has been an increase of
chronic cases, from 3'ear to year, until there are now between nine hun-
dred and a thousand patients in the Asj^lum — three times as many as the
Association of Medical Superintendents, before mentioned, declare ought
to be placed under one management. Wherein lies the trouble; certainly
not for want of ample support, not for want of liberal appropriations for
improvements, nor do I suppose for want of due diligence on the part of
the management.
It is because a great blunder was committed in the beginning, and has
been perpetuated to the present time, in an effort, in obedience to the
demand of local interests, to disregard the laws of nature, and attempt
to do that which nature's God has declared cannot be done. The parties
interested in a continuance of this state of things are not ignorant of
the fact that the testimony of all enlightened Superintendents is against
placing more than three hundred and fifty patients is one institution,
and yet they seek the adoption of measures which they must know will
inevitably result, in two or three years more, in swelling the number at
6
Stockton to twelve or thirteen hundred. What then, but another
demand for appropriations to relieve the crowd; and if granted, what
then, and then, and then, but the same demand from time to time, fol-
lowed in eacli case with the same results.
Do tlicse gentlemen suppose that the Superintendents of the Eastern
institutions conceived, adopted, and, by associate action, promulgated
their '-propositions" in relation to the treatment of insanity and the
management of insane persons, without bringing experience, observa-
tion and a sense of moral obligation into what they Avere doing? Do
they believe that these eminent men, in publishing to tbe world the
fruits of many years devotion to the study of psychological medicine,
simply enacted a farce for the amusement and entertainment of such as
■were engaged in similar fields of labor?
The course these parties are pursuing can be accounted for on no
other hypothesis than this, unless it is supposable that they are ignorant
of the existence of such " propositions," or, if not ignorant of the facts,
they are nevertheless willing to lend their influence to the continuance
of a 83-stem which always has and always will result in sacrificing the
welfare of the insane to the gratification of local greed. But the want at
Stockton of elevation (required for surface drainage and sewerage),
imposing scenery and invigorating atmosphere, are not, by any means,
all of the objections to that locality for the treatment of insanit}^; these,
or either of them, would be enough to condemn the place for such pur-
pose in any other State than this, but the presence of mosquitoes, adobe
mud, frequent inundations from surrounding sloughs, miasmatic emana-
tions from adjacant tulo marshes, and the close proximity of the Asylum
to the city, are insuperable obstacles to the treatment of recent or acute
cases of insanity, upon the success of which the rapid accumulation of
chronic cases can alone be arrested. I am aware that repeated efforts
have been made, and, too, with no little success, to make it appear to the
minds of those not in positions to comprehend the question in its fullest
extent, that these objections are insignificant and of no material import-
ance, bat I am confident that it would require but little investigation to
convince any disinterested mind to the contrary. No case of acute mania
ever occurred without being preceded by sleeplessness, and no case of
the kind was ever restored to health without the production of good,
sound, refreshing sleep, and I leave it with you, gentlemen, to answer
whether tlio means emploj'ed to induce rest and sleep are likely to prove
efi'ectual when the patient, be he sane or insane, is subjected to the
annoyance of mosquitoes ? I have seen the patients at Stockton come out
of their rooms in the morning so marked on their faces and hands by
mosquito bites as to present the appearance of one in the eruptive stage
of the small-pox, and I have mj'self been so annoyed by this little pest
in my office at night, that I found it impossible to write without gloves
on. This objection alone is sufficient of itself, if there were no others,
to show why the present system should not be pursued. Added to this,
however, is the inconvenience of attending to the business of the insti-
tution during the rainy season, because of mud, ankle deep, everywhere
about the place, apart from the gravelled walks immediately around the
buildings. But mosquitoes and mud are not the only difficulties encoun-
tered. Every winter, during my residence at the Asylum, a large portion
of the grounds of the institution was flooded to such an extent as to require
the suspension of work on the farm and in the garden for most of the sea-
son. At one time — I think, in January, eighteen hundred and sixty -two —
there was a complete inundation of the whole country, as far as the eye
6
could reach, from a view taken at the top of the central building. In
the " airinii; courts," the "second wards" of both departments, the
store room, kitclien and lar«re dining room, the water was from one to
three feet deep, and where the new building stands it was from one and
a half to two feet in deptli. All business outside of the main i)nilding,
and all communication with the city, had to be attended to in boats. It
was in a boat 1 passed back and forth, in discharging my duties as
Superintendent of the buildings, ground and property, and it was in a
boat 1 kept up communication between my office and dwelling. Two
months elapsed before the wards referred to could be occupied again;
meantime, the patients taken from them during the high waters had to
bo provided with beds on the floors of the corridors of the main build-
inij^s. This state of things was followed, during the next summer and
autumn, with an epidemic (diarrhaa and dyscntry) of a purely mias-
matic character. Can any one believe that such a place is a proper
location for the treatment of mental diseases? I think not; and yet
there are those who are not only anxious to cover up these facts and
the evils dependent thereupon, but who do not hesitate to exert what
influence they possess to perpetuate them, it would seem, for all time to
come. Possibly such a state of things as I have described as taking
place in eighteen hundred and sixty-one and eighteen hundred and sixty-
two ma}" never occur again, but so long as the Sacramento, San Joaquin
and Calaveras Hivers continue to run their present courses, and as long
as the Straits of Carquincz stand as a barrier to the outlet of their
waters, no man can say that the same evils may not be experienced
again, at any time on the return of our winter snows and rains.
Is it, therefore, wise, prudent, business-like, to continue from year to
year to make large expenditures in such a place — in enlarging buildings
and in providing for the reception of more patients, when there is no
probability that the State will receive any other return than a still
greater increase of chi'onic cases, and, necessarily, an increase of the
burden of taxation.
Every dollar expended on the insane, apart from their physical wants,
should be directed toward the means for their recovery, and every out-
lay of money for buildings, etc., failing to accomplish this end, to a
reasonable extent, can but be regarded as a poor investment. Certainly
no business man would continue to add, from time to time, to his capital,
without receiving reasonable returns therefrom, particularly if, at the
same time, he discovered his daily expenses increasing. Manj' men have
done business in this way and suff'ered ruin as the consequence, for
nothing but the power to levy and collect taxes could prevent such a
course being followed by complete exhaustion of the exchequer.
But to return to the bill referred to. It provided for a Board of Com-
missioners of Insanit}', consisting of seven members, two to be chosen
from each congressional district and one from the State at large. Said
Commissioners to have the general supervision of the financial and
other matters concerning the insane of the State, and to elect the Medi-
cal Su])erintendent of the As^^lum at Stockton, and of the hospital
therein ju-ovided for. Said Medical Superintendents each to bo the chief
executive officer of the institution over which ho presided ; appoint,
with the apju'oval of the Commissioners, his medical assistants, have the
sole control of the patients, adopt such sanitary measures as he shall
think best, appoint so many subordinates as he deemed necessary for the
economical and efficient performance of the business of the institution
under his management, prescribe their duties and places, fix, with the
approval of the Comraissioners, their compensation, and discharge any
of them at his sole discretion. Any employe?, however, known to the
Commissioners to he unfit for position in the Asylum or Hospital, the
Commissioners were required to notify the Superintendent of such fact,
and if, uj)on such notice, the Superintendent should refuse to discharge
said employe, he or she could be removed by the Commissioners; pro-
vided, that after said employ^ should be heard in his or her defence, a
majority of the Board so determined.
It also provided everything necessary for the complete organization
of the Asylum and of the llospital — defining the duties and responsibili-
ties of every one lor whom a place of special importance was made; in
short, it provided for a thorough revision of the whole subject matter,
and for the inauguration of a system for the treatment and management
of the insane in this State in consonance with the views of the most
eminent men engaged in the treatment of insanity. In many of its
details it did not differ from the Act concerning the insane, drawn up by
myself and passed b}' the Legislature in eighteen hundred and sixty-
three, with amendments, which said amendments, in their application to
the Asylum at Stockton, constitute the objectionable features of the law
as it now stands. The material features of the bill, however, were those
which provided for a tax of ten cents on each one hundred dollars, to be
continued until the sum of four hundred and fift}^ thousand dollars
should be collected. The money thus collected and paid into the Insane
Asylum and Hospital Fund was to be expended, under the direction of
the Commissioners of Insanity, as follows :
First — Ten thousand dollars annually, at the discretion of the Commis-
sioners, in improvements in connection with the Asylum at Stockton.
Second — Ten thousand dollars in the construction of suitable apart-
ments for the treatment of the criminal insane within the grounds of the
State Prison.
Third — The remainder, in the purchase of a suitable location for, and
the construction of a hospital for the proper accommodation of three
hundred and fifty insane persons, and the officers and attendants required
in their treatment and management. Said hospital to be complete in
everything deemed advisable for the comfort and recovery of the insane,
and said location to be as nearly central and as easy of access by steam-
boat, railroad or stage-coach as practicable, and to embrace farming
lands of not less than three hundred nor more than five hundred acres,
and to aff'ord healthful climate, elevation, ample supply of pui*e Avater,
good drainage, natural facilities for sewerage, and such other advantages
as can be procured for the establishment of a strictly curative institution for
the treatment of insanity. It further provided, that in respect to the
organization and management of the hospital therein provided, and all
commitments of patients, the same should apply to the Asylum at
Stockton, until the hospital, or a part thereof, should be completed for
the reception of patients, after which, the '' recent " or " curable " eases
then at Stockton should be removed to said hospital; and all commit-
ments of insane persons should thereafter be directed to said hospital;
and the A.sylum at Stockton should be prepared and organized as a
retreat for the management of the chronic cases at that time in said
institution, and all cases which should become chronic after ample treat-
ment in said hospital.
The provisions of this bill may perhaps appear, at first sight, as
extravagant in its expenditures, but I fool confident that, had I the
opportunity, I could satisfy any one sufDciently interested to give the
subject the careful investigation its importance demands, that it is not
only not extravagant, but, to the contrary, it is the on I3' road to econ-
omy; the only Avay tlie great waste of money in the past can be avoided
in the future; the only course which can be pursued to arrest tiie fearful
increase of chronic insanity, and the only system by which the results
attained in tlic best hospitals in the Atlantic States and Kurope can be
made attainable in California.
Such were the principal features of the bill, which, when introduced,
was referred, of course, to the Hospital Committee. In due time it was
returned to the Assemby, with majority and minority reports. From
the latter I take the following :
" It must be patent to every one who has given any attention lo the
treatment and management of insane persons, and who has visited the
Asj'lum for tlie Insane, at Stockton, that the capacity of that institution
cannot afford proper accommodations for more than three hundred and
fifty or three hundred and seventy-five, whereas, there are now crowded
into it from six hiindred and forty to six hundred and fifty patients,
besides the officers and attendants required in their management. Apart
from every other consideration, this fact alone brings the subject before
the Legislature in the light of a question, not so much as to whether
the evils dependent thereupon should be removed at the earliest possible
time, but, rather, what are the best steps the State can take for the relief
and benefit of a class of our citizens so perfectly' helpless and entirely
dependent upon the charity of their more favored fellow citizens? It is
not, therefore, a question whether the necessary' amount of money should
be expended for their relief (every feeling of humanity renders this
imperative), but how and where should it be expended? is, or, in our
judgment, should be the question for the Legislature to determine at this
time. We believe that the bill under consideration, if its provisions
shall be faithfull}- carried out, will fully meet the necessities of the case,
" It may be asked, Avhy not make the necessar}^ expenditures in con-
nection with the Asylum at Stockton, and thus save the cost of dupli-
cating the pi'incipal officers, and other unavoidable expenses attend-
ant upon a branch institution ? We would say in re])ly, that if thisques-
tion involved nothing more than the money which seems to be in it, we
think it would be fully and satisfactorily answered by reference to the
results, reasonably to be expected, from the proposed change. When it
is reniembered that those who recover are under treatment on an
average of four months, and those who do not recover remain in the
Asylum on an average of fifteen years, each at the same expense per
month, it will be seen that, as a question of economy alone, it is the true
policy of the State to adopt the means the best calculated to increase
the number of recovei-ies. At twenty dollars per month (as little as can
be expended in justice to the insane) for four months, makes eighty
dollars only for the entire time the patient who recovers is kej)t at the
expense of the State ; whereas, if he does not recover, and enters upon
the chronic list, the same expense per month must be met for fifteen
years, showing a saving to the State of three thousand five hundred and
twenty dollars in every case that can be added to the list of recoveries.
We woukl ask j^our attention to the results, in a pecuniary point of
view, of the treatment of one hundred patients under the provisions
now made, compared with the results which may be reasonably expected
9
from the provisions of the bill under consideration. About forty per
cent, of recoveries of legitimate subjects for treatment in asj-lums for
the insane is the average obtained in the Asylum of California, leaving
sixty |»er cent, on the chronic list.
"The former, under treatment for four months, at eighty dollars each,
involves an expense to the State of three thousand two hundred dollars,
only, -while the latter, at the same per month, or three thousand six
hundred dollars each, involves an expenditure of two hundred and six-
teen thousand dollars. In other words, for every one hundred legitimate
patients committed to the Asylum at Stockton, it has already, or will in
the end, cost the State two hundred and nineteen thousand two hundred
dollars.
" What would be the difference of expense if we could reverse this
state of things, and reckon upon sixty per cent, of recoveries, and forty
per cent., only, of chronic cases? It would be this: Instead of two
hundred and nineteen thousand two hundred dollars, the expense would
be but one hundred and forty-four thousand dollars for each one hundi'ed
patients — making a saving of seventyrfive thousand two hundred dollars.
If such a result can be obtained by the change proposed, and if it be
kept in mind that the number of patients committed annually will aver-
age over two hundred and seventy during the last five 5"ears, it requires
but little arithmetical knowledge to show that it would be but a short
time before the State would be reimbursed in the entire amount
expended, by an increase in the cases of recovery, and, of course, a pro-
portionate decrease on the chronic list. Besides, every one added to the
number of recoveries would be restored to business life, and become a
producer as well as a consumer, while the chronic cases remain con-
sumers onl}^, at the expense of the State.
" But paramount to any considerations involving dollars and cents
only, is the question of humanity; and the undersigned would respect-
fully ask the members of the Legislature, in determining their action in
the matter, to do so under a sense of the solemn obligations they owe
to their constituents, many of whom have relatives and friends in the
Asylum, whose welfare and happiness for life depend upon what the
Legislature may or may not do Let every member endeavor to
realize the weight of trouble and anxietj?' resting upon the minds of
the many fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, husbands, wives and friends
of the six hundred unfortunates whose condition it is proposed to
improve, and let him place himself in their position, and answer to his
own heart and conscience how he would feel if the Legislature should
hesitate, from pecuniary considerations alone, to adopt u.iiy measure
promising relief. It should not be forgotten that, however strong and
vigorous may be our mental condition, and liowever blessed by exemption
from the horrors of a mind diseased may be ourselves and our families,
it is nevertheless certain that no one knows that he, or some one of his
family, will not need the benefits now proposed to be instituted for the
insane.
"No one, we think, can doubt that the bill under consideration would i
place the insane of California in an infinitely better condition, in respect
to both comfort and prospects of recovery, than they are at present.
"As representatives of the people of the State, have avo a right to
determine our action in this case in view of any question apart from the
interest of those for whose benefit the charity was originally estab-
10
lishcd ? Wc think not, and therefore believe the bill should become a
law, inasmuch a.s its provisions are directed to the accomplishment of
this olijcct, and this alone.
" It being conceded that a large amount of money must be expended,
and as spt-ediiy as possible, to meet the pressing necessities of the case,
the undetsignotl would submit a few reasons why, in their judgment,
the cxpeiiditui-es required should not be made at Stockton :
" First — It is the polic}' of the Eastern States, adopted after many years
of experience and observation, not to place more than three or four
hundred patients under one government, and every instance to the con-
trar}' is an exception to this well established rule, and the disadvantages
resulting therefrom are felt and acknowledged. It is believed that no
medical staff, however efficient and faithful, can discharge the duties
required when the number of patients exceed three hundred and fifty or
four hundred. Even this number is regarded by the Association of Medi-
cal Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane as embracing
one hundred or one hundred and fifty more than can be with propriety
treated in one building or one institution. In a series of 'propositions'
relative to the constructions of hospitals for the insane, they say: 'The
highest number that can with propriety be treated in one building is
two hundred and fifty, while two hundred is a preferable maximum.'
The Avord ' building,' in this connection, embraces everj^ part of the
institution occupied by the patients, whether a connected series of
wards or distinct and separate departments. Should the Legislature
authorize the construction of buildings sufficient to relieve the crowded
condition of the Asylum, and also provide for the increase for the next
two years to be made at Stockton, we would have, .at the end of that
time, seven hundred and fifty or eight hundred patients in that institu-
tion ; three times as many as, in the opinion of the Association of Medical
Superintendents, can be treated with propriety in one institution.
" Second — It is proposed, in making the expenditures at Stockton, to
add to or complete the new building, a section of which has been fin-
ished and is occupied. This building is complete in itself, and nothing
•will be lost if no additions should ever be made to it; besides, there arc
objections to the plan of the building, of a nature so serious, it would be
a great error on the part of the State to enlarge or finish it. Its height
being (about one-half of it) four stories, is a very serious objection in the
management of the insane. Its entries are small, and its stairways are
narrow and steep, the reverse of what they should be for the use of
insane persons, many of whom are feeble in physical health, and unable
to ascend and descend such stairways to such heights, which they must
do, from day to day, in order to get the requisite amount of outdoor
exercise. In case the building should take fire when the patients are in
the wards, the consequences, from the steepness and narrowness of the
stairways, would be terrible in the extreme.
" Thinl — Another objection to making the contemplated expenditures
at Stockton is the want of surface drainage and necessary facilities for
good and comjilcte sewerage at that place. The buildings are located
upon low, flat, adobe land, cut up with sloughs, and subject, in season of
high waters, to repeated overflows. Surface drainage, without which
much of the business wants of the institution must be attended founder
difficulties and inconveniences, which would not be experienced in an
elevated position, consisting of a different soil, cannot be dispensed with.
" Fourth — The fact that the Asylum is situated immediately adjacent to
11
the city, part of the buildings being, in fact, within the corporate limits
of Stockton, is an objection to further enlargement, of a more serious
character than would probably occur to those who have not been engaged
in the management of the insane.
"The facility thus afforded to the idle and curious, to make frequent
visits, is attended with great inconvenience to the management, and can
have no other than unpleasant, if not positively injurious effects upon
the patients; and yet it will not do to adopt rules excluding all visitors,
which would have to be done at Stockton, to pa-event the evils to which
we refer. If located three or four miles from the city, visitors would be
much less numerous, and mainly confined to a class of citizens whoso'
inspection of the institution would probably result in benefit to all con-
cerned. So important is it to protect asylums for the insane against the
evils referred to, the Association before mentioned declare that • every
hospital for the insane should be in the country, not iclthin tico miles of a
large toicn.'
" Fifth — The topography of the region in which the Asylum is situated
is in keeping with all of the accepted theories of marsh miasmatic ema-
nations, and the diseases in Stockton and vicinity must be more or less
modified by this poison, if, indeed, many of them do not depend entirely
upon its presence. Typhoid, remittent and intermittent, common types
of miasmatic fevers, are not uncommon during the summer and fall sea-
sons; and although of a milder form, perhaps, than has been found in
other parts of the State, owing, doubtless, to the ocean breezes which
prevail to a moderate extent daring the heat of summer, still, each season
brings malaria with it, and it is seen in the forms of fever referred to.
It would be difficult, we think, to account for the large bills of mortality
at the Asylum, if the presence of malaria should be left out of the list of
remote causes of disease. But, say 'some, you must show the correctness
of your premises; your arguments are clear enough, and j'our conclu-
sions are correct, provided your premises are good. Have we not
obtained as good results at Stockton as can be exjjected by adopting a
new policy ? We answer that the results obtained at Stockton have been
much better than could have been reasonably expected ; and we find, in
this fact alone, a good reason for the conclusions to which we have
arrived. If so much good has been done at Stockton, notwithstanding
the disadvantages enumerated, what cannot be done in the way of curing
insanity if these were removed? We believe that the percentage of
recoveries obtained in an institution located and appointed under the
provisions of this bill would be carried to the highest point ever
obtained; and the results attained at Stockton we regard as one of the best
arguments in support of this opinon.
"Dr. Kirkbride, Physician-in-Chief of the Pennsylvania Hospital for
the Insane, than whom no man in the Union has had more exj^erience
in hospital life or stands higher as a psychologist, expresses the opinion
that insanity is as curable as the generality of other diseases, and that
under favorable circumstances the recoveries may run up to seventy-
five or eighty per cent. In this opinion he is supported by m.ost of the
Medical Superintendents of American Asylums. In further support of
this opinion, we quote from an article on insanity, written by Dr.
Edward Jarvis, one of the oldest and ablest authors on mental diseases
in our country, and published in the Eighth Census, by the authority of
the National Government :
12
" 'If subjected to proper treatment in its early stages, insanity in a
very largo ])roportion of cases may bo cured. * * * Jt may, per-
haps, be safely asserted that in cases placed under proper treaimeut,
within even one year of their origin, from sixty to seventy per cent,
are cured.'
" But the earlier the treatment is adopted the greater is the proba-
bility of restoration, and a delay of three months is a misfortune, as it
is a detriment to the patient.
"But it is asked, Avhat are the favorable circumstances — what the
proper treatment referred to ? We answer :
" First — Good location, embracing all required for such by the bill
under consideration; and it may not be amiss to add, that in seeking a
proper climate for the location of an institution for the treatment of
diseases, mental or physical, the purposes are not accomplit;hod in the
choice of one not decidedly unhealthy. This is not enough. It sliould
in ever}^ case be one possessing, in the highest degree attainable, the
positive elements of health.
" Second — The proper treatment of insanity is divided into the direct
and indirect — more generally called the medical and moral. The former
consists of the application of the articles of the materia medico, accord-
ing to the judgment of the medical officers, and the latter, under the
same direction, includes the exercise of a mild but firm direction and
disciplinary power over the actions of the patient, by which he is
gradual!}' restored to healthful habits and wholesome self-restraint, and
the attempt to win him from the vagaries of his delusions to those
mental and manual pursuits which give solidit}', strength and activity
to the normal mind. The means adopted for the attainment of these
ends are : The regular hours of hospital life, appropriate manual labor,
walking, riding, athletic and other games, attendance upon religious
services, reading and other literary pursuits, lectures upon scientific and
miscellaneous subjects, dramas, balls and other recreations, entertain-
ments and amusements.
•
" In the method of moral treatment the change has been no less than
in that of medical treatment. This change may be comprehended in
two brief, generic statements : First, the almost absolute disuse of
mechanical appliances for bodily restraint; and secondly, the introduc-
tion of the conveniences, comforts, and, to some extent, the luxuries that
apjxjrtain to civilized life, into the apartments of the patients and to all
parts of the hospital establishments, where such means will benefit
them.
" In support of the figures we have given to show the relative cost of
maintaining the '■recent' or 'curable' and the '■chronic' or 'incurable' cases
of insanity, w^e again quote from the same article:
" ' Of twenty recent cases treated and cured in the Western Lunatic
Asylum of Virf,nnia, the average period during which they were at tbo
Asylum, at public cost, Avas seventeen weeks and three days; the total
cost, one thousand two hundred and sixty-five dollars; and the average,
sixty-three dollars and twenty-five cents. Of twcnt}' chronic cases, at
the same institution, the average time during which the}' had been sup-
ported from the public treasury was thirteen years, four months and
twenty-four days; their total cost, forty-one thousand six hundred and
IS
fifty-three dollars ; and their average cost, two thousand and eighty-two
dollars and sixty-five cents. Similar comparative statements, showinfj-
like results, have been made in the reports of several of our hospitals.'
" It is scarcely necessary to say more to show that, as a question of
econoni}^ as well as of humanity, it is the true policy of the Slate to
make at once such provisions for the insane as will insure the greatest
number of recoveries. Other authorities might be quoted in support of
the position we have taken, but we deem it unnecessary to pursue the
subject further, trusting enough has been said to enable the members of
the Legislature to act understanding!}', and, in doing so, to provide
liberally and cheerfully for the wants of the unfortunate sufferers whose
cause we have endeavored to represent in its true light Other import-
ant matters might be discussed with propriety, in this connection ; but,
believing that the fate of the bill will depend upon the disposition of the
question as to when, where and how the expenditures shall be made, we
leave all other provisions to be considered hereafter, should it be deemed
advisable. To a clear understanding of it, however, it must be
studied as a whole; and we trust that the Legislature will not dispose of
it without considering its provisions in detail, and understanding its
general as well as special bearings."
It was predicted,, you will perceive, four years ago, that " should the
Legislature authorize the construction of buildings sufficient to relieve
the crowded condition of the Asylum, and also provide for the increase
for the next two years, at Stockton, we would have, at the end of that
time, seven hundred and fifty or eight hundred patients in that insti-
tution."
The Legislature did provide for the continuance of the then existing
state of things, and the prediction was accordingly fulfilled ; and I am
fully persuaded in my mind, that if your honorable body should provide
for the perpetuation of the j^resent order of things, two or three years
more will find twelve or thirteen hundred patients at Stockton. The
causes which led to the opinion expressed four years ago still exist, and,
if further disregarded, will lead to the verification of the opinion now
expressed, as certainly as that infringements of natural and organized
laws are followed by their penalties.
I have before me two pamphlets — one, the report of the majority of
the committee, opposing the passage of the bill in question, the other a
" petition " to the Legislature, under date of March fourth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-four.
From the close resemblance, one seeing them together could hardly
doubt that each owes its birth to the same paternity. I refer to them,
however, for the reason that they embrace about all the arguments
brought in support of Stockton, and the present policy of the State, in
the treatment and management of the insane.
, In opposition to the proposal to convert the Asylum into a "retreat
for chronic cases," it is said, "the idea of an institution for incurables
alone, is very generally condemned b}' those who have made the treat-
ment of insanity their special study, and, should the bill under consider-
ation become a law, we may properly write over the entrance to the
institution at Stockton, Dante's inscription on the portals of hell :
' All hope abandon, ye who enter here.'
14
All hope will bo extinguished in the breast of the unfortunate patient
who may be left there or who may be hereafter sent to Stockton."
"With due deference to the humane feelings of the author of the report,
I think the 83'mpathy expressed for "the unfortunate patient" would
have been more appropriate two years later, when an effort was made to
remove two hundred of that class of unfortunates to the Reform School
buildings, a location which, we have been informed, required daily rations
of quinia, to keep the boys sent there for reformation, irt health. Cruel
and heartless as this measure was, in its conception, nothing short of the
superior wisdom and humanity of the Governor prevented it becoming
a law.
In regard to the assertion that " institutions for incurables are gen-
erally condemned," I have only to say in answer, that if true, the fact
has escaped my attention, unless it is meant by " incurables" the imbe-
ciles and those suffering from physical diseases usually considered incur-
able. The cruelties such suffer from being huddled together in alms-
houses, a practice, [ am happy to say, much less prevalent now than in
earlier times, I am aware has been " generally condemned by those who
have made the treatment of insanity their special studj''," but the assertion
that the separation of the recent cases, those jirohahly cui'able, from the
chronic cases, those possibly curable, is generally condemned, is certainly
founded in error. There is no class of insane persons known to such men
as incurables. There are, however, many cases foi^nd in all classes of
insanity who, from bodily diseases, are enumerated among the incura-
bles-^not because they are insane, but from the presence of consump-
tion, marasmas, general paralysis, softening of the brain and other
phj'sical diseases. There are, also, many among the several classes who,
from long mental disturbance, are usually regarded as hopeless but not
certainly incurable, for it is known to men of experience in hospital life that
as long as the physical man can endure the friction of mental excitement,
the patient may recover, instances being on record of recoveries after
twenty and thirty j'ears of uninterrupted mental aberration. I regret
that the author of the report did not deem it necessary to support this
assertion by a few quotations from the writings of "^hose who have
made the treatment of insanity their special study."
The only charitable construction I can put upon the position taken by
him, is that he had conceived erroneous ideas in regard to the character
of the retreat proposed, and yet, it seems almost impossible that a man
of ordinniy intelligence could have looked carefully into the question
and arrived at the conclusion indicated by his poetical quotation. It
was not, as he seemed to apprehend, proposed to take from the chronic
cases anj' of the benefits they were then enjoj'ing in common with the
recent cases, nor did the bill prohibit the adoption, in the future, of any
other means of relief which the management might deem advisable. To
the contrar}', it was proposed to make the inmates left in the institu-
tion more comfortable than they otherwise could be, by taking from
their association a class of persons whose presence could be of no earthly
benefit to them. How, therefore, " all hope would be extinguished in
the breast of the unfortunate patient left there, or who should be there-
after sent to Stockton," not even Dacite's wonderfully^ fertile powers of
imagination are sufficient to comprehend. Separation of the several
classes of insanity, if not in different institutions, at least in separate
departments of those in wliich they are severally treated, is universally
regarded as indispensable to successful management of an asylum — one
of the special advantages in classification being found in dividing the
15
recent from the chronic cases. If, to do thia, *' is to awaken feelings of
despair" in the breasts of the latter, the most eminent Superintendents
of institutions for the insane have been visiting them with a cruel pun-
ishment for fifty years or more. When, as at the Stockton institution,
it is impossible to preserve the necessary classifications, the true econo-
mist does not hesitate to provide for the recent cases elsewhere, and in
doing so it has not been discovered that the " unfortunate patients " left
behind have been particularly troubled with more than usual emotional
disturbances.
It is true, there are no institutions in the Eastern States devoted solely
to the treatment of chronic insanity, if we may except the departments
for the insane in the county almshouses. Their asylums and hospitals
are, however, generally limited to the treatment of a given number of
patients, beyond which there are no admissions. Applications are regis-
tered in the order in which they are received, and admissions take place
as vacancies occur, preference always being given to those most recentlj^
attacked. Scarcely any, therefore, but recent cases, and such as have
never had asylum treatment, are i-eceived and maintained at public
expense. Should their indigent cases not recover within two years, or
not be convalescent in that time, they are either returned to their friends
or to the county authorities, who provide for them (if in the latter case)
in the almshouses.
It will be seen, therefore, that the proposition to provide for the
chronic insane of this State a comfortable home, with every means for
treatment and recovery, when within the reach of possibilities, is infi-
nitely superior to the provisions made for such cases in the older com-
munities. Under this plan, the "incurables" would gain much, and the
" curables" much more, as their chances of recovery would be greatly
enhanced; so much, indeed, as to increase the recoveries to at least
seventy or seventy-five per cent.
Had the bill in question become a law, California would have had the
honor of making more humane and better provisions for all classes of
insanity than any of the older States. Now, however, the honor belongs
to New York, where the system proposed for this State four years ago
has been adopted, and in furtherance thereof, there is being constructed,
at Poughkeepsio, a hospital for the treatment of recent or curable cases
onljr.
But to return to the petition and report, where other arguments
against a change in the present policy of the State concerning the insane
may be found. Let us examine briefly these arguments, and inquire into
the correctness of the statistics by which they are mainly supported.
We are assured that "the great argument urged in favor of a new
hospital, to be established at some place other than Stockton, is that the
number already there is greater than should ever be confined in one
institution. In reply to this, we urge that the theory upon which this
argument is based is applicable to institutions situated in States where
the climate is more subject to extremes of heat and cold, and other
sudden changes, than our own."
In reply to the "reply," I would say that the matter of climate had
nothing whatever to do with the " theory" referred to. It was adopted
by an association composed of Superintendents and Assistant Physicians,
representing all of the States and Canada, who had learned from experi-
ence and observation that in the treatment of insanity' in institutions
containing more than three hundred or three hundred and fifty, the best
resnlts could not possibly be obtained. Many of these gentlemen lived
16
and labored among the insane in climates no more "subject to the
extremes of heat and cold, and other sudden changes," than in Stockton,
and others in climates, though colder, were not subject, in winter, to as
sudden changes, and, in summer, never to such extremes of heat as at
Stockton. Besides, the " theory" obtains in Europe as -well as the
United States, where experience in many of their asylums, containing
from one to two thousand patients, has taught their medical officers and
Commissioners the lesson first learned — in relation to largo and crowded
institutions — in our country.
But, again, if we look a little carefully at the wording of the "report,"
it will be seen that while the "theory" is acknowledged to be " appli-
cable" to the older States, it is not assumed to be not equally applicable
to California — thus really begging the question.
True, it is said that " hospitals regulated by the theory that three
hundred and fifty is the maximum number for one institution, do not
show, except in one or two instances, a greater or even an equal per-
centage of cures as compared with our own State Hospital, crowded as
it has been up to last October " (eighteen hundred and sixty-five).
Were the facts assumed in this declaration, facts in truth, they would, I
confess, materially affect the force of the " theory," but it will be seen,
I think, that it is an assumption of facts without reliable foundation.
We are favored by the " petition " with several tabular statements, one
pi'ofessing to give a percentage of the recoveries and deaths in the Asy-
lum at Stockton, another making a like exhibit for eleven institutions
in the Eastern States. Assuming these to be reliable data, by a com-
parison of the two tables it is discovered and announced with a flourish
of trumpets, that at Stockton the results have been better than those
obtained in the eleven first-class institutions in the Eastern States. It is
unnecessary, in this connection, to inquire into the reliability of the sta-
tistics presented to show the results in the Eastern as3'lums, for if it can
be shown that the California tables are not trustworth}-, nothing can be
gained by comparing the two. Every argument of importance in support
of further expenditures for buildings in Stockton, and against the estab-
lishment of a hospital elsewhere, must stand or fall upc4D the credibility
of these statistics, and in view of this fact it is certainly remarkable that
in immediate connection with them may be found the following plain and
apparent!}' honest statement :
"From January first to October first, eighteen hundred and fifty-six,
a period of nine months, there is a hiatus in the records and reports
which / have s^vppJicd as correctly as possible from the imperfect data, inr/
own estimates and 2^crsonal knowledge. The same interruptiori occurs for a
much shorter period in eighteen hundred and fiftj'-seven, and again in
eighteen hundred and sixty-one. The reports for eighteen hundred and
fifty-seven, fifty-nine and sixty, in giving the number discharged, do not
distinguish hclwecn the cured and U7icnred" — and it might have been added,
between them and the elopements and deaths, the records not distin-
guishing one from the other, but leaving them all under the head of
discharges.
Notwithstanding the foregoing confession of " imperfect data," having
to suppl}' the lost links in the records and reports, covering a period of
sxboui/our t/ears. by his own estimates and personal knowledge, which at best
could be but guesswork, we are informed in another part of the "peti-
tion " that " the percentage of recoveries to the number of admissions
at the Stockton Asylum during the whole period of its existence of eleven
17
years is, arcnrdinfj to the annual reports of the several Siiperinfenneiits, about
fifty-eight" — ahout fifty-eight, which, when interpreted, means any num-
ber ranging from thirtj^-five to seventy, so far as can be determined from
the records and reports of the institution ; in fact, we find that after
another 3'oar's reflection and overhauling, perhaps of the broken links in
the records and reports, it is discovered that tlie percentage of cures " is
more tlian fifty-one of the entire number»of cases admitted."
Were tt possible to arrive at the facts, I think that, after deducting
the twenty per cent, treated during the first three years for intemper-
ance— a class of cases not received in the Eastern asylums — and due
allowance be made for like cases the next ten years, it would be found
that the percentage of recoveries would range from thirty to forty,
rather than from titt3'one to fifl3^-eight.
It is quite unnecessary to pursue the subject further. Enough has
been seen to show that the statistics in relation to the percentage of
recoveries in the Stockton institution cannot be reliable, and conse-
quently' the results, as shown b}' them, are not trustworthy.
Equally unreliable are the tables of mortality, upon which everj'thing
depends to prove that "Stockton is as healthy a locality as any now
occupied as a town site in the State "
Unfortunately, this question, like the other, hangs upon a chain of
records and reports with too many broken links to bear the weight of
ai'gument necessarj* to establish even a single reliable fact — that is, so far
as the mortality of the As3lum is concerned.
True, the " petition" informs us that " the percentage of deaths is a
trifle more than the general average in the asylums in Great Britain and
the United States," which, if true, would naturally suggest the question,
how it hajipens that an institution showing a bill of mortality larger
than the average of asylums in Great Britain and the United .States is,
at the same time, able to show a larger per cent, of recoveries than
those institutions ? But, in relation to Stockton, the " petition " gives a
table, in which a comparison is drawn between the health of that city and
San Francisco, Sacramento, Philadelphia, Boston and New York.
The relative health of these cities and Stockton has nothing to do
with the question. If it were true that Stockton is more healthy than
either of them, or than any " town site in this State," it does not follow
tliat the present polic}' in regard to the insane, already too long pursued,
should be perpetuated forever.
There are other and more serious reasons, already enumerated, why it
should be changed. Eespecting the health of the place, I have only to
say that had I not lived there, and were 1 not acquainted with the
topography of the locality and its surroundings, and had 1 not contended
with an epidemic of miasmatic diarrhoea and dysenter}' in the Asylum
(Report for 1862); and further, had I not suffered from typhoid fever in my
own family, witnessed the floods, struggled in the mud and suffered from
the mosquitoes, I might perhaps be persuaded that Stockton is a healthy
place and possesses all that is required as a locality for the treatment of
insanity, but having experienced these things, and knowing that bilious,
intermittent, remittent and typhoid fevers prevail to no little extent in
the city and surroundings during the summer and autumn, I cannot be
deceived by statistics, particularly when I know they are not trust-
worthy.
I agree with the " petition," that " the amounts of disease and the
18
rate of mortality aro the sources upon which we rely to determine the
effect of climate on the human svHtera," but it is necessary, not only to
observe the "rate of mortality," but also the "amounts of disease" —
the number or frequency of deviations from health — to determine the
salubrity of a particular locality.
" The rate of mortality" determines only whether the diseases of that
locality are of a fatal character or not, while the " amounts of Kliseaso"
indicate the number of cases of sickness. There may be comparatively
but few deviations from health in one case, and yet a ver}' large per-
centaire of deaths; whereas, in another case, there may be a very large
amount of disease, with a very small rate of mortality.
I live in a part of the Sacramento Valley known and acknowledged
to be sickly, j'et the rate of mortality will compare favorably with any
other part of the State, and for the reason that the diseases, like those
in and about Stockton, though prevailing to a great extent, especially
during the summer and autumn, are of a character comparatively- easy
to control.
No one, I suppose, would think of Chico as a proper location for the
treatment of insanity, yet, compared with Stockton for such pui-pose, it
has many advantages of that place. But, ignoring every other reason
for the increase of chronic cases in the Asylum, we are told by the
friends of the present policy that " it is the large number of admissions,
not the small ratio of cures, that fills the wards and swells the columns
of incurables," but wh}- or how the small ratio of cures has nothing to
do in filling the wards and swelling the columns of incurables is not
explained. One would suppose that if the ratio of cures was not small,
the wards and columns of incurables would not be so full and large. A
small ratio of cures, followed year after year, with large admissions, no
one can doubt, will result in wards filled to overflowing, and columns of
incurables mounting higher and higher with every diurnal revolution.
Such has been the case from the beginning, and such will be the case as
long as the present policy shall be pursued. But if the small ratio of
cures shall be doubled, a result which the best authorities assure us can
be reached, under favorable circumstances and proper treatment, would
there not be a change in the condition of the wards *and columns of
incurables, as well as in the annual tax to maintain the insane? Who
can doubt it ?
In conclusion, permit me, gentlemen, to say, that when proper provi-
sions shall be made for the insane, then, and not till then, will the State
experience the difference, in cost, of providing for seventy or seventy-
five per cent, for four months, and twenty-five or thirty per cent, for
fifteen years, instead of, as at present, having to 8uj)port thirty-five or
forty per cent, for four months, and sixt}' or seventy-five per cent, for
fifteen years; and when the Legislature shall view the question frum a
higher standpoint than the present one, and when the welfare and hap-
piness of the insane shall be no longer a matter of speculation, then
may we expect to see the great charity of California elevated to a foot-
ing with institutions established for like purposes in the older commu-
nities.
W. P. TILDEN.
INSANE ASYLUM OF CALIFORNIA.
A-PPEISTDIX (1869)
SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT
SUFETtlNTElSTDE TsT T.
APPENDIX. 1869.
51
T A B li E C .
Shoicing the ages at which insanity first appeared in four hundred and eighty-
two patients.
Ages.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Less than 10 years
Between 10 and 15 j^ears
Between 15 and 20 years,
Between 20 and 25 years
Between 25 and 30 years
Between 30 and 35 years.
Between 35 and 40 years
Between 40 and 45 years,
Between 45 and 50 j^ears
Between 50 and 60 years
Between 60 and 70 years
Between 70 and 80 years
Unknown
Totals
3
2
1
16
10
51
23
60
24
56
19
66
11
37
4
19
22
5
4
2
43
4
380
1
102
1
5
1
26
74
84
75
77
41
19
27
4
2
47
482
TABLE D.
Showing the ages of four hundred and eighty-two patients at the time of
their admission.
Ages.
Males. Females. Totals
Less than 10 years
Between 15 and 20 years
Between 20 and 25 years
Between 25 and 30 years
Between 30 and 35 years
Between 35 and 40 years
Between 40 and 45 j-ears,
Between 45 and 50 years.
Between 50 and 60 years.
Between 60 and 70 years.
Between 70 and 80 years
Between 80 and 90 years.
Unknown
Totals
1
1—1
12
3
38
20
47
18
51
24
69
17
58
8
32
3
27
3
8
2
1
34
5
380
102
15
58
65
75
86
66
35
30
8
2
1
39
4S2
52
TABLE E,
Showing the supposed cause of insanity in four hundred and eighty-tvco
patients, as stated in commitments.
Cause.
Females.
Totals.
Masturbation
Unnatural sexual excitement.
Unknovvn
Domestic unbappiness
Injury of bead ,
Puerperal
Intemperance
Eeligious excitement
Ill treatment
Keverses in business
Epilepsy
Perplexity in business
Syphilis
Loss of wife
Ill health
Paralysis
Orchitis ,
Loss of money
Sunstroke ,
Excessive stud}'-
Uterine difficulty
Disappointment
Hereditary
Love
Spiritualism
Softening of brain
Exposure
Dissipation
Grief.
Fright
Despondency
Want of development.
Hard work
Disease of brain
Fever ;
Menstrual trouble
Congenital
Jealousy
Mental anxiety
Fear
Dyspepsia
Poison by wine
Totals
41
1
186
9
14
25
11
9
11
4
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
9
4
1
1
1
380
1
37
7
1
11
4
3
1
102
53
TABLE F.
t^hoicinj the mental condition of four hunrlred and eighty-two patients at the
time of their admission.
Form of disease.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Mania
226
49
18
68
2
17
79
5
9
8
1
305
MonoTTiiinia
54
Melancholia
27
Dementia
76
Idiocy
3
No class assi o^ned
17
Totals
380
102
482
TABLE G.
Showing the civil condition of four hundred and eighty-two patients at the time
of their admission.
Civil condition.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Married
67
256
66
26
6
4
138
gjlirrlg
282
"W^idows
6
Widowers
ii
46
11
XTnknowD
50
Totals
380
102
482
. 54
TABLE H.
Occupation of four hundred and eighty-two patients.
Occupation.
Males.
Females. Totals
Miners
Laborers
Farmers
Housewives
Servants
Tinners
Shoemakers
Sailors
Showmen
Butchers
Carpenters
Teamsters
Printers
Soldi ers
Hatters
Tailors
Pedlers
Physicians
Brass finishers
Gardeners
Plasterers and bricklayers.
Coopers
Salesmen
Wood choppers
Saloon keepers
Painters
Merch ants
Artists
Teach ers
Mill Wrights
Blacksmiths
Silk dyers
Stone masons
Silversmiths
Cabinet makers
Clerks
Lawyers
Stenographers
Cooks
Sheep herders
Machinists
Cigar makers
Jewellers
Wheel Wrights
50
100
25
Carried forward 313
2
2
6
16
1
4
14
6
1
10
1
3
9
47
10
60
65
T A B L K H — Continued.
Occapation.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Brought foi'wavd
313
1
]
1
3
60
378
Upholsters
1
Accountants
1
Ship Wrights
1
Bakers
3
Laundresses
1
1
Barbers
1
1
Milliners
2
29
10
2
No occupati on
14
46
* 43
Unknown
56
Totals
380
102
482
56
TABLE I
Showing the cause of Heath of one hundred and fifti^-mne patients, from October
Ut, i868, to October \st, 1869.
Months.
Cause of death.
Nativity.
Age.
Male. Female
1868.
October
November
December.
Abscess of liver
Suicide
Paralysis
Dropsy
Cholera morbus
Tuberculosis
Paraly si s
Con sumption
Puralj'sis
Consumption
Consumption
General paralysis
Erysipelas
Paralysis
Consumption
Albumin-urea
Exhaustion from mania
Epilepsy
Coi) su mption
Epilepsy
Paralysis and external in-
jiiiy ;
General paralysis
Cerebral effusion
General paralysis
General paralysis;
Disease of liver
A popl exy
Consumption
Consun\])tion
Paralysis
Chronic inflammation of
brain
Erj-sipclas
Marasmus
Paralysis
Tuberculosis
Chronic encephalitis
Chronic disease of brain.
Consumption
Congestion of lungs
Marasmus
Ohio
Italy
North Carolina
Ireland
France
Wales
France
Sweden
Italy
Carried forward.
Mexico
Connecticut
England
Ireland
Ireland
Maine
France
Ohio
Illinois
Louisiana ...
54
32
58
34
44
40
53
55
55
44
36
33
40
40
44
59
Vermont
Maine
Ohio
Pennsj'lvania ..
Connecticut ....
Ireland
Pennsylvania...
California
Denmark
Germany
China
China '
Ireland
N. Hampshire..
Scotland
France ....
Maryland
Mexico
Scotland ..
29
21
21
55
36
3^
50
50
62
24
29
23
27
45
44
55
40
41
52
O.J
57
Table I — Continued.
Months.
Cause of death.
Nativity.
Age. Male.
1868.
December.
1869.
January
February.
March
April
Brought forward.
Exhaustion
Paralysis
General paralysis
Marasmus
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Old age
Marasmus
General paralysis
Exhaustion from mania ...
Marasmus
Epilepsy
General paral^'sis
Tuberculosis
Paralysis
Old age .^ ;
Paralj'sis
Gastritis
Syphilis
Paralysis
Exhaustion from mania...
Old age
Encephalitis
Exhaustion from mania...
Cholei'a morbus
Consumption
Pneumonia
Paral}' si s
Marasmus
Encephalitis
Marasmus
Exhaustion from mania...
Epilepsy
General paralysis
Marasmus
Consumption
Scrofula
Paral^'sis
Marasmus
Apoplexy
Marasmus
Prolapsus recti
Consumption
General paralysis
New York.
England..,.
Mexico
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
China
Pennsylvania
Belgium
Prussia ,
Ireland
Germany
Delaware
France
Ohio
Ireland
Bavaria
Ohio
North Carolina
New York...
Scotland
Ireland
Mexico
Ireland
Connecticut ....
France
Ireland
Germany
North Carolina
Ireland
Ireland
ilissouri
Ireland
Louisiana
France
China
Ireland
Jamaica
Hanover
Italy
England
Germany
Italy
Germany
Massachusetts..
Carried forward.
52
53
34
31
38
41
32
75
38
41
41
30
18
42
37
55
61
33
49
39
35
50
75
33
39
40
30
44
45
40
28
22
27
2]
43
31
39
41
42
39
50
45
27
39
33
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
69
16
58
Table I — Continued.
Cause of death.
Nativity.
Brought forward
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Tuberculosis
Convulsions
Dysentery
General paralysis
Abscess of brain
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Epilepsy
Consumption
General paralysis
General paralysis
Consumption
Marasmus
Marasmus
Exhaustion from mania....
Marasmus
Consumption
Marasmus
Organic disease of brain...
Epilepsy
Hydro thorax
Marasmus
General paralysis
Organic disease of bz'ain...
Exhaustion from acute
mania ,
Exhaustion from acute
mania
Exhaustion from mania....
Ascitis
Consumption
Disease of liver
Marasmus
Consumption
Exhaustion f^om acute
mania
Consumption
Cancer
Marasmus
Organic disease of brain...
Typhoid fever
Carried forward.
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
China
Missouri
Germany
France
France
Ireland
England
Nova Scotia.
India
Ireland
China
Ireland
Kentucky...
England ,
German ji
New York..
Prussia ,
Ireland
Kentucky
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
China
Ireland
Germany
Ireland
Germany.
Age. Male. Female
Ireland
Texas
Massachusetts.
Germany
California..
China
Germany
France.. .
Ireland ..,
America .
Ireland..,
40
42
31
36
35
43
36
67
38
27
24
51
21
53
52
35
44
34
45
44
33
38
38
57
43
,54
40
35
21
35
30
60
25
34
27
45
53
32
69
1
1
98
59
Table 1 — Continued.
Months.
Cause of death.
Xatirity.
Age.
Male. I Female
1869. J Brought forward i
Jul}' jConsumption iBahama Isl'nds
August Consumption Germany
|01d age.
Marasmus.
September
Chile
Germany
Paralysis iBugland
Chronic gastritis
Heart disease
Chronic mania
Old age
Consumption
Apoplex}'
Consumption
Tuberculosis
General paralysis
CongestioTi of lungs...
Maniacal exhaustion..
Maniacal exhaustion...
Consumption
Paralysis
Congestion of bowels.
Paral5'si8
A*bscess of lungs
Tuberculosis
Marasmus
Epilepsy
Consumption
Maniacal exhaustion ..
Consumption
Kabes-mesenterica
Marasmus
Epilepsy
Totals
Ireland,
Ireland.
America
New York..
Switzerland
Ohio
Germany
Switzerland
Ireland
France
Wisconsin ..
Ireland
England
England
Western Isl'nds
Wales
Prussia
Arkansas
Denmark
Maine
France
Maine
Germany
Maine
47
29
66
54
69
35
83
28
70
34
38
41
45
28
29
25
41
51
20
35
40
25
38
86
40
98
1
121
30
38
w
TABLE FIRST.
Steicar.l's arrnunt of articles consumctl in the Asylum for the year ending
September 30th, 1869.
Articles.
• Value.
Flour
Meat
Sugar
Tea
S3'rup
Potatoes
Butter
Coffee ,
Lard
Pork
Fish
Eggs
Beans
Eiee and cracked wheat...
Corn meal and middlings
Fruit
Vegetables
Salt
Vinegar
Small groceries
Soap
Drugs
Liquors
Tobacco
Dry goods
Clothing and hats
Shoes and leather
Blankets
Furniture and crockery.
Hardware and tinware ...
Hay
Grain and feed
Garden tools and seeds...
Ijumber
Building material
Brooms and brushes
Books and stationery
Gas and oil ,
Paints, oils and glass
Fuel .7
Discharged patients
Returned escapes ,
Pay roll and wages
Miscellaneous
Total
88.536
Ls.nno
4.r)85
2,882
1,702
2.192
5,8G8
2.100
650
61
1,124
312
904
413
695
692
108
806
276
944
1.358
1.353
528
1.303
3.979
6,310
1,623
2,341
1.106
2.442
677
1,139
285
1,910
188
501
483
2.293
664
10.-576
617
1 ,328
52,847
6,072
47
46
76
58
18
83
74
75
45
82
20
62
38
19
82
66
09
27
01
27
40
55
75
16
05
76
74
88
68
09
83
60
56
10
30
45
06
73
91
63
45
50
13
83
$150,384 14
Gl
TABLE SECOND
Skou'iiu/ (he cost of the different departments for the year ending September
mtK 1809.
Departments.
Costs.
Male kitchen and dining room....
Male department
Female kitchen and dining room
Female department
Bakerj^
Laundry and engine
Farm, garden and dairy
Eepai rs
Eesident Ph\-sician
A88istant Physician
Miscellaneous
Totals
830.865
81
31.033
29
14,93.5
67
21.749
14
10.003
62
6,432
32
7,079
53
6,020
75
5,328
31
4,300
00
12,635
80
6150,384
14
TABLE THIRD
Averages.
MONTHS.
>
>
>
1^
- <
S o
B^
'< p
^^
~ p
• CR
^n
O
5* O
~-o
n
"^2
o
c o
T3
1
«
p p
p
13
c c.
V
p. o
P
cr
KS
ov
•s
a
o o
to 1
October, 1868
November, 1868....
December, 1868
January, 1869
February, 1869
March, 1869
April, 1869
May. 1869
June, 1869
July, 1869
August, 1869
September, 1869....
Yearly averages.
857
865
864
879
892
899
904
927
931
925
950
939
903
$379 59
452 03
476 74
406 02
413 93
439 48
404 75
392 72
430 74
376 51
358 60
414 84
S412 16
44
52
55
46
46
49
45
42
46
41
38
44
8 46
$13 73
15 68
17 11
14 32
12 99
15 15
13 43
13 13
13 88
12 62
11 70
13 26
$13 92
12
19
13
16
08
17
14
22
16
20
12
10
5 36
1 99
1 02
1 33
77
45
71
1 20
53
57
38
36
$ 15 § 81
62
TABLE FOURTH.
Products of the Furm, Garden and Dairy — 1869.
Cabbage, pounds
Beets, pounds
Tomatoes, pounds
Carrots, pounds
Turnips, pounds
Pumpkins and squash, pounds.
Beans and peas, pounds
Gumbo, pounds
Other vegetables, bunches
Cucumbers, dozen
Melons, dozen
Grapes, pounds
Apples, pounds
Pears, pounds
Strawberries, pounds
Walnuts, pounds
Other fruits, pounds
Milk, gallons
Pork, pounds
Eggs, dozen
Chickens, dozen
Cows, sold
Calves, sold
Pi gs, sold
Hay, tons
Fodder, tons
83,435
49,495
28,009
3,425
15,587
45,992
5,820
942
18,322
2,628
4,290
10,959
2,782
3,200
622
500
516
7,008
8,916
279
6
7
9
20
80
19
Value of products for the 3'car j §9,812 92
Cost of farm, garden and dairy i 7,079 53
Profit.
§2,733 39
SUPPLEMENT.
PEOJECT OF A LAW
TO DETERMINE TUE
LEGAL RELATIONS OF THE INSANE.
Adopted by the Association of Medical Superintendents of American
Institutions for the Insane.
The Afisociution of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions
for the Insane, believing that certain rehitions of the insane should be
regulated by statutory enactments calculated to secure their rights, and
also the rights of those entrusted with their care, or connected with
them by ties of relation or friendship, as well as to promote the ends of
justice and enforce the claims of an enlightened humanity, for this
purpose recommend that the following legal provisions be adopted b}'
ever}" State whose existing laws do not already satisfactorily provide for
these great ends :
1. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital for the insane by their
legal guardians, or by their relatives or friends, in case^they have no
guardians; but never" without the certificate of one or more reputable
physicians, after a personal examination, made within one week of the
date thereof; and this certificate to be duly acknowledged before some
magistrate or judicial officer, who shall ceitify to the genuineness of the
signature and to the respectability of the signer.
2. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital, or other suitable place
of detention, by order of a magistrate, who, after proper inquisition,
shall find that such persons are at large, and dangerous to themselves or
others, or require hospital care and treatment, while the fact of their
insanity shall be certified by one or more reputable physicians, as
specified in the preceding section.
3. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital, by order of any high
judicial officer, after the following course of proceedings, viz : on state-
ment, in writing, of any respectable person, that a certain person is
66
insane, iind that tlie welfare of himself or of others requires his restraint,
it shall be the (int.y of tlie Judge to appoint, immediately, a commission,
who shall inquire into and report upon the facts of the case. If, in their
opinion, it is a suitable case for confinement, the Judge shall issue his
warrant for such disposition of the insane person as will secure the
objects of the measure.
4. The commission provided for in the last section shall be composed
of not less than three nor more than four persons, one of whom, at least,
shall be a physician, and another a lawyer. In their inquisition they
(shall hear such evidence as may be offered touching the merits of the
case, as well as the statements of the party comjjlained of, or of his
counsel. The party shall have seasonable notice of the proceedings, and
the Judge is authorized to have him placed in suitable custody while the
inquisition is pending.
5. On a written statement being addressed, by some respectable
person, to any high judicial officer, that a certain person, then confined
in a hospital for the insane, is not insane, and is tlaus unjustly deprived
of hisiiberty, the Judge, at his discretion, shall appoint a commission of
not less than three nor more than four persons, one of whom, at least,
shall be a physician, and another a lawj-er, who shall hear such evidence
as may be offered touching the merits of the case, and, without sum-
moning the party to meet them, shall have a personal interview with
him, so managed as to prevent him, if possible, from suspecting its
objects. The}' shall report their proceedings to the Judge, and if. in
tlieir opinion, the party is not insane, the Judge shall issue an order for
his discharge.
6. If the officers of any hospital shall wish for a judicial examination
of a person in their charge, such examination shall be had in the manner
provided in the fifth section.
7. The commission provided for in the fifth section shall not be
repeated, in regard to the same party, oftener than once in six months;
and in regard to those placed in a hospital under the third section, such
commission shall not be appointed within the first six months of their
residence therein.
8. Persons placed in a hospital under the first section'of this Act may
be removed therefrom by the party who placed them in it.
9. Persons placed in a hospital under the second section of this Act
may be discharged by the authorities in whom the government of the
liospital is vested.
10. All persons, whoso legal status is that of paupers, may be placed
in a hospital for the insane, by the municipal authorities who have charge
of them, and may be removed by the same authority, the fact of insanity
'being established as in the first section.
11. On statement, in writing, to any high judicial officer, by some
■friend of the party, that a certain part}-, placed in a hospital under the
third section, is losing his bodily health, and that consequently his
welfare would be promoted by his discharge, or that his mental disease
'has so far changed its character as to render his further confinement
unnecessary, the Judge shall malce suitable inquisition into the merits of
the case, and, according to its result, may, or may not, order the
discharge of the party.
12. Persons placed in any hospital for the insane may bo removed
therefrom by ])arties who have become responsible for the payment of
their expenses ; provi<hd, that such obligation was the result of their
own free act and accord, and not of the operation of law, and that its
67
terms require the removal of the patient in order to avoid further
responsibility.
18. Insane persons shall not be made responsible for criminal acts in a
criminal suit, unless such acts shall be proved not to have been the result,
directly or indirectly, of insanity.
14. Insane persons shall not be tried for any criminal act during the
existence of their insanity ; and for settling this issue one of the Judges
of the Court by which the partj' is to be tried shall appoint a commis-
sion, consisting of not less than three nor more than five persons, all
of whom shall be physicians, and one at least, if possible, an expert in
insanity, who shall examine the accused, hear the evidence that may be
offered touching the case, and report their proceedings to the Judge, with
their opinions respecting his mental condition. If it be their "opinion
that he is not insane, he shall be brought to trial; but if the\' consider
him insane, or are in doubt respecting his mental condition, the Judge
shall order him to be placed in some hospital for the insane, or some
other place favorable for a scientific observation of his mental condition.
The person to whose custody he may be committed shall report to the
Judge respecting his mental condition, previous to the next term of Court,
and if such report is not satisfactory, the Judge shall appoint a commis-
sion of inquiry in the manner just mentioned, whose' opinion shall be
followed by the same proceedings as in the first instance.
15. Whenever any person is acquitted, in a criminal suit, on the ground
of insanity, the jury shall, declare this fact in their verdict; and the
Court shall order the prisoner to be committed to some place of confine-
ment, for safe keeping or treatment, there to be retained until he may
be discharged in the manner provided in the next section.
16. If any Judge of the highest Court having original jurisdiction.
shall be satisfied, bj' the e\idence presented to him, that the prisoner has
recovered, and that the paroxysm of insanity in Avhich the criminal act
was committed was the first and onl}^ one he had ever experienced, he
may order his unconditional discharge; if, however, it shall appear that
such paroxysm of insanity was preceded by at least one other, then the
Court may, in its discretion, appoint a guardian of his person, and to him
commit the care of the prisoner, said guardian giving bonds for any
damage his ward may commit ; provider^, always, that in case of homicide
or attempted homicide, the prisoner shall not ho discharged, unless b}^
the unanimous consent of the Superintendent and the managers of the
hospital, and the Court before which he was tried.
17. If it shall be made to appear to any Judge of the supreme judicial
Court, or other high judicial officer, that a certain insane person is mani-
festly suffering from the want of proper care or treatment, he shall
order such person to be placed in some hospital for the insane, at the
expense of those who are legally bound to maintain them.
18. Application for the guardianship of an insane person shall be made
to the Judge of Probate, or Judge having similar jurisdiction, who, after
a hearing of the parties, shall grant the measure, if satisfied that the
person is insane, and incapable of managing his affairs discreetly. Sea-
sonable notice shall be given to the person who is the object of the
measure, if at large, and if under restraint, to those having charge of
him; but his presence in Court, as well as the reading of the notice to
him, may be dispensed with, if the Court is satisfied that such reading,
or personal attendance, would probably be detrimental to his mental or
bodily health. The removal of the guardianship shall be subjected to
the same mode of procedure as its appointment.
68
19. Insane persons shall bo made responsible, in a civil suit, for any
injury they may commit upon the person or propert}^ of others, refer-
ence being hud, in regard to the amount of damages, to the pecuniary
means of both parties, to the provocation sustained by the defendant,
and any other circumstance which, in a criminal suit, would furnish
ground for mitigation of punishment.
20. The contracts of the insane shall not be valid, unless it can be
be shown, either that such acts were for articles of necessity or comfort,
suitable to the means and condition of the party, or that the other party
had no reason to suspect the existence of any mental impairment, and
that the transaction exhibited no marks of unfair advantage.
21. A will maybe invalidated on the ground of the testator's insanity,
provided it be proved that he was incapable of understanding the nature
and consequences of the transaction, or of appreciating the relative
values of property, or of remembering and calling to mind all the heirs-
at-law, or of resisting all attempts to substitute the will of others for his
own. A will may also be invalidated on the ground of the testator's
insanity, provided it be proved that he entertained delusions respecting
any heirs-at-law calculated to produce unfriendly feeling towards them.
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT.
STEWARD.
1. The Steward, under the direction of the Superintendent, shall
have a general oversight of the farm, stock, garden, grounds, fences and
the buildings, together with all the furniture, fixtures and apparatus
belonging thereto; and see that the same are kept constantly in good
order and repair.
2. He shall, under the direction of the Superintendent, see that the
institution is timely provided with all necessary supplies and conveniences
for the support, comfort and proper care of its inmates.
3. He shall receive and store all articles and goods purchased, either
by contract or by order of the Superintendent; and be responsible for
the safe keeping and economical distribution of the same.
4. In receiving supplies furnished by contract, he shall in no case
receive an article different in kind or quality from the sample or
description upon which the bid to supply said article was based.
5. He shall keep just, accurate and methodical accounts of all articles
received and of all articles purchased by him, together with all distri-
butions of supplies to the several departments of the institution — each
and every day's accounts, exhibiting in detail the number, quantity,
weight or measurement, as the case ma}^ be, of each and every article,
from whom received, and to whom distributed.
6. On the receipt of supplies, whether obtained under contract or
purchased by order of the Superintendent, the Steward shall require
a bill or invoice of the same, and shall enter the aggregate amount, with
the date and number of the invoice, in a book provided for that purpose.
7. He shall not suffer anything to be distributed to the wards of
either the male or female department, without an order from the Super-
intendent or Assistant Physician, and he shall not furnish anything to
the dwelling of the Resident Physician, the Asj'lum kitchen or baker}^
or to the garden or farm, without first entering the same in a pass-book
provided for the purpose.
8. He shall assist in maintaining the police regulations of the Asy-
lum, observe the deportment of those employed in subordinate positions,
see that they do their dutj', and report to the Superintendent any
instance of neglect or misconduct that he ma}- observe, or of which he
may he informed; he shall see to the opening and closing of the house;
70
that tho employes rise and commence their duties at the ringing of the
bell, and retire at proper season at night j that the bell is rung promptly
at such hours us may be designated, from time to time, by the Superin-
tendent. He shall have a general care of the male patients, see that
they are kindly treated, that their clothes are taken care of, that their
food is properly cooked, served and distributed,- that the rooms, passages
and other apartments are kept clean and properly warmed and venti-
lated, and that everything pertaining to the Asylum property is kept in
order.
9. Under the direction of the Superintendent, he shall attend to
engao-ing and discharging subordinate officers, attendants and assistants.
10. The Steward shall be required to devote his whole time to the
interesls of the institution, assist, in every way in his power, to preserve
order in the house and faithfulness among the employes, and see that all
the rules and regulations of the Asylum are fully observed.
MATRON.
1. The Matron shall, under the direction of the Superintendent, have
charge of the female department of the As3-lum. She shall be with the
female patients, in all the wards, as much as possible; see that they are
kindly treated; that their food is properly cooked, served and dis-
tributed; that their apartments are kept clean and in good order, and
properlj' warmed and ventilated ; that the female employes attend to
their duties in all respects, and repoi't to the Superintendent any
departure, on their part, from the rules and regulations of the Insti-
tution.
2. The bedding, table linen, napkins and drapery furniture, carpets,
table covers, and all similar property of the female department, as well
as the clothing of the female patients, shall be under her general care and
supervision. She shall direct the employment and amusement of all the
inmates of the female wards; in short, she shall be required to look
frequently and carefully into everj' interest connected with her depart-
ment, and thus, by devoting her whole time to the institution, aid in
every way in her power in securing the comfort and recovery of the
patients and the general welfare of the Asj-lum.
3. She shall keep a book, in which she shall note, or cause to be noted,
the absence of all attendants and assistants, and the length of time of
such absence; and she will be required to know at all times who of the
attendants or assistants, if any, are off duty. Said book shall always
bo subject to the examination of the Superintendent and Assistant
Physician.
SUPERVISORS.
1; The Supervisors shall spend their whole time not appropriated to
other duties in the immediate oversight of their respective departments.
They shall continually visit the halls, dormitories and yards, and see that
the rules and regulations of the Superintendent are strictly observed,
and that the directions of the medical officers are faithfully carried out
by the attendants and all other persons emploj-ed therein.
2. The}" shall particularly attend to the maintenance of personal clean-
liness among the patients, and to the neatness and good order of their
apartments, clothes and bedding; and shall see that such of their
clothing and bedding as may need cleansing and repairing are collected
every morning, and resj)ectivcly sent to the laundry and sewing rooms.
71
3. They shall see that the rooms aucl halls are properly ventilated and
warmed.
4. The}- shall be present at the admission and discharge of the patients
of their respective departments; see that all money, jewelry and other
valuables arc deposited in the office for safe keeping; take charge of
their clothing, entering in a book kept for that purpose each article ;
see that they have nothing dangerous about their persons; see that the
things belonging to them are marked, preserved, cleansed and distributed
as required; and that all their clothing and effects are restored to them
at the time of their discharge.
5. They shall give particular attention to the sick, seeing that they
are properly cared for and kindly treated by the attendaTits, and that
the medicines prescribed are administered as directed.
6. They shall see that the patients are properly clad — that their
clothing is neatly adjusted, shoes tied, stockings up — and that they
present at all times, so far as possible, a tid}- and decent appearance
7. They shall endeavor to encourage the attendants in their efforts to
attain a higher tone of duty in their relations A\'fth the patients and each
other, and to cultivate, in their manner and personal habits, a feeling of
self-respect and politeness. They shall endeavor to encoui'age in them a
sentiment of respect for the officers of the institution, so that the ptitients
may be inspired with confidence in them. They shall communicate
freely with the Superintendent as to the fitness of attendants, i\nd any
want of faithfulness they may observe ; also, as to any deficiencies in the
food, or in the washing. And in general, they shall be responsible for
the proper deportment of the attendants, to whom they are expected
to be a correct guide and example.
8. The Supervisor of the male department shall keep a book, in which
he shall note the absence of all attendants and assistants, and the length
of time of such absence. And he is required to know at all times who
of them, if any, are oflT duty.
ATTENDANTS.
1. The attendants shall have the immediate and constant care and
supervision of the patients. ,
A few general facts and principles should be constantly kept in mind
by all persons connected with the management of the insane, but more
especially by their attendants, into whose never-ceasing care and keeping
they are intrusted.
First — Insanity is always connected, in some manner, with bodily
infirmity.
Second— There is usually a loss of all sense of moral obligation, or
ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and, therefore, irrespon-
sibilit}' for words and actions.
Third — There is a full appreciation of all acts of kindness or cruelty.
and in general a perfect recollection of them after restoration, and in
after life.
Fourth — There \& usually a morbid or exalted sensitiveness in relation
to what is due to them in attention and general deportment; and, con-
sequently, irritation, excitement or anger, at either real or imagined
neglect or improprieties of treatment.
Fifth — The frequent recurrence of excitements aggravates and per-
petuates the disease.
Sixth. The more the mind dwells upon or is reminded of liallncina-
72
lions or delusions, the more perm an en tl}'' are tlioy fixed ; so is the
reverse true, that the more they arc driven from the mind, hy occupa-
tion with other thoughts and ideas, the sooner do they disappear
altogether.
These few principles are the hasis of the following rules and regula-
tions for attendants :
2. Deportment to Fatlents — In all their intercourse with the patients
thej' must treat them with respect and civility — address them in a mild
and gentle tone of voice, avoiding all violence and rudeness, or undue
familiarity, nicknames or disrespectful terms. All civil questions are to
be properly answered ; all reasonable requests promptly attended to;
they must never speak to them of their delusions, nor to others in their
hearing; never allow them to be laughed at or ridiculed, or harshly
spoken to on account of their delusions or peculiarities. Deception \h
never to be used, nor promises made without expecting their fulfilment.
They should never manifest fear of a patient — should keep cool under
every provocation-^never scold them nor dictate authoi-itatively. When
firmness and decision ait required, tiiey should be softened b}- mildness
and kindness. When force is required, if it be with tact and kindness, a
pleasant smile, cheerful and explanatory words, and sympathising man-
ner, but little will be needed. Under no circumstances icill a kick, a bloic, or
similar violence, he excused, except in the clearest case of self-defence.
3. Deportment Generally — Attendants are required to be neat and cleanly
in theii- dress, courteous and respectful to the officers, to one another,
and to all persons, never wearing their bats within doors, or going in
their shirtsleeves; never to use profane or vulgar languar/e ; never to lounge
upon the tables, or other furniture, or upon the floor; never to be nois}''
or boisterous; to be cheerful without Icvit}', and to be respectively gen-
thmanlif and lady-like in all things.
4. When abroad, or to visitors, or to anj' one not connected with the
Asylum, they are directed never to report the conduct, conversation,
peculiiirities or even the names of patients, and never to speak disre-
spectfully of the institution, its officers or any of the employes.
5. Of Rising and Morning Duties — They must rise puncteially at the ring-
ing of the morning bell, and take charge of the hall; open the bed-room
doors of the ])atients, and give them a^cheerful greeting; see that they
are properly washed and dressed, hair combed and clothing and shoes in
good order Immediately upon rising, all beds are to he opened for air-
ing— ^foul ones to be removed and cleansed, dried and refilled — and when
sufficiently aired they are to be made up; the bed-rooms and corridors
swept, and everything to be put in the best possible order by nine
o'cU)ck A. M., and thus maintained through the day.
0. Of Meals — The}' must see that all patients are up, and ])repared
for bi-eakfast at the prescribed hour, and duly ready for all other meals.
All patients must take their meals at the table, except when sick, when
confined to their rooms, or when otherwise directed. The food is to be
promptly served by the attendants while warm and in good order, not
otil}- to those at the table, but to those in their rooms. Those confined
are to be served first. At table the preferences of, the patients, their
iikos and dislikes and peculiarities of taste, are, as far as possible, to be
attended to. Knives and forks or other dangerous weapons are never
to be left in the possession of patients. After each meal they are to be
counted, and if any are missed, prompt measures are to be taken for
their recovery. Immediately after each meal, the dining room must be
put in complete order for the next. Attendants must not linger at their
73
own meals, nor in ^ointj to or from them. Patients must not be hurried
away from the tables befoi-e the}' are done eating; and especial care
must be taken to give ample time to the aged and feeble.
7. Food that has been handled, or rendered unfit for use, shall be sent
back in a reccjitacle provided for the pur|iose, but whatever is fit to be
served in another form shall be carefuU}'^ laid aside for future con-
sumption.
8. Some very plain food shall be kept in the dining-room closets, for the
use of those whose meals may have been interrupted, or for old persons,
or for convalescent patients, who sometimes require food oftener than
under ordinaiy circumstances.
9. The meals of the patients shall be served promptly at the hour
appointed by the Superintendent.
10. The time appointed for the patients' meals is as follows: From
March twent3'-first to September twenty-first — breakfast at six o'clock
A. M , dinner at twelve o'clock m., and supper at six o'clock p. m. From
September twenty-first to March twenty-first, they shall have dinner at
twelve o'clock m., and the hour for- breakfast and supper shall be changed
from time to time so that breakfast shall come as near sunrise, and
supper as near sunset, as practicable.
11. The steam whistle will blow fifteen- minutes before each meal,
when all outside attendants and emploj'es, with the patients under their
charge, will leave off work and prepare for meals. Meal time will be
announced — fifteen minutes after the whistle blows — by the ringing of
the bell.
12. Of Clennleness — Every part of the corridors, halls and rooms, must
be kept scrupulously neat and clean. '■^Notliing is clean enowjh that can he
made ckaner," is a rule which must be strictly observed. All the floors
must be scrubbed weekly, and oftener, when necessary, and must be
swept each day as often as required to keep them clean. When unpleas-
ant odors are observed the cause must be removed instantl}'-. Clean
sheets and pillow-cases are to be put on each bed at least once a week,
and oftener, if required, bj* being soiled.
Me^licine — The attendants must give all medicines as directed by the
Ph3'8ician8. Patients are never to be forced to take medicines, food or
baths, when persisting in refusal, except when directed in each case.
All such refusals must be reported to the Supervisor, "who will inform the
attending Physician. Any striking or unexpected effect of medicines
must be immediately reported. All new cases of sickness, and all alarm-
ing or dangerous sj^nptoms in those already sick, must be reported to
the medical officer without delay Medicine cases must be kept locked.
13. Bathiiuj — All patients must be bathed in tepid water once a week,
unless otherwise directed, and oftener, if desired by the patients, or
required for personal cleanliness. Cold baths are to be used only under
special directions.
14. /Shaving — The shaving is to be done b}' the attendants at stated
intervals, once a week or as directed by the Superintendent; and when
patients desire it oftener, they are to be gratified. Patients must not
shave themselves nor handle razors. There must be no patients present
but those being shaved. Razors must be well secured when not in use.
15. Clotliing — The attendants must see that the patients change their
clothes regularly, at stated periods, and reasonable requests as to
changing oftener, and as to particular articles of dress, are to be grati-
10
74
tied. They must be kept tid}' and neat, shoes tied, stockings drawn up.
clotliing buttoned, hooked, pinned, tied, as the case may be, and all the
clothing properly adjusted. They must be constantly kept from careless
or slovenly habits.
When patients wet or soil their clothes they are to be changed imme-
diate/^, and as often as is necessary to keep them dry and comfortable.
Clothing and all articles needed for patients, or for the rooms and halls,
are to be called for daily until furnished.
The attendants, with the aid of the patients, shall do the repairing of
patients' clothing.
16. Walkiny — All patients, not too feeble or violent, should bo got out
into the grounds and open air when practicable, and the weather is
suitable. They must be kept together when walking. They must not
enter any house, store or other building, or go into the city without
permission. Attention must be given to prevent the delivery or recep-
tion of letters or anything else prohibited; and the most vigilant care
must be observed to prevent elopements. Each attendant will be
responsible for his or her own patients.
Patients should never be out of the house after supper; and must
never be taken off the Asylum grounds on the Sabbath, except by
permission of some superior officer, or when allowed to go to some place
of worship.
17. Oat-Door ]r&?-Z: — For the benefit of patients they will be permitted
and encouraged to engage in out-door work, under the care of attendants
or other subordinates. None will be taken from the halls or yards for
this purpose except by direct intervention of the Supervisor. If per-
mitted to go out. even b}' order of the Superintendent, said order will
be given with the understanding that notice is first to be given to the
Supervisor. They must not be overworked nor permitted to overwork
themselves, nor to work against their wnll, neither n>ust the}' be asked
to do that which thej- may feel to be degrading. The attendants must
work vcitli the patients, and be careful not to appear to be ordering or
superintending, but to direct by example, assistance and advice. Anj-
disposition to escape must be reported without delay, t» the Supervisor
The person into whose charge patients are delivered is responsible for
their safe return, and they must see them enter the yard or the ward
whence they were taken.
gil8. Amusements and Employments — Patients should be as constantly
as possible engaged in some pleasant kind of employment or amusement,
and every efl^ort should be made to induce them to do so. The attend-
ants should constantly devise w-ays and means to this end.
19. Mechanical Restraint — The use of restraining apparatus is pro-
hibited, except by express permission of the Superintendent or Assistsnt
Physician. Seclusion to a private room, or the personal care of the
attendants must be employed until further directions can be obtained.
Whenever a patient becomes so noisy or violent as to demand seclusion,
ample aid should be procured, and if force be required, it should be used
in a firm and decided, but mild and gentle manner, without any anger
or appearance of anger. The reasons should be pleasantly and kindly
explained, and the act reported to the Physicians.
20. No patient's door is to be left unlocked at night except b}' permis-
sion. On retiring the patient's clothing is to be placed within the hall,
the doors locked, lights extinguished, and the attendants arc to repair
to their respective rooms.
. 21. Suicidal Patients — Persons known to be suicidal must be kept in
75
every way under the closest surveillance, and yet be treated with the
ijreatest kindness and sympathy — cheered and enlivened — and the sub-
ject must never be alluded to. Knives, razors and sharp pointed scissors
must not be allowed to any patients, except in certain exceptional cases.
Clothing, rooms and beds must be often searched for such articles. The
Watchman must be kept informed by the Supervisors of all suicidal
cases.
22. Assistant attendants shall be under the direction of the attend-
ants, but the work shall be as equally divided between them as possible.
WATCHMAN.
1. The duties of the ^Yatchman \v\\\ commence at half-past seven
o'clock p. M., at which time he will visit the office and receive instruc-
tions for the night.
2. He must, while on dutyj be faithful and vigilant ; visit every part of
the male department at least every hour during the night, making as
little noise as possible, never conversing in a loud tone, and opening and
shutting the doors as quietly as possible.
3 He must be kind, gentle and soothing in his manners to the patients,
and use every means in his power to tranquilize those who are excited,
and to allay the fears and apprehensions of the timid; he will pay par-
ticular attention to the sick, the suicidal, and those recently admitted;
will see that the patients are properly supplied with water, when it is
asked for, and will attend to all other reasonable wants; will notice any
unusual noise in the patient's rooms, endeavor to ascertain the cause,
and, if necessary, report the same to the attendant; he will notice any-
thing unusual occurring during the night, and enter the same on a slate
provided for the purpose, and he shall report an}' irregularities, neglect
of duty, or violation of rules, which may come under his notice.
4. It will be the duty of the Watchman to look after the heating
apparatus during the night. He must be very watchful against fire,
and, in case of its occurrence, must report immediately to the Superin-
tendent and officers, without giving general alarm; he shall keep the
hose and tire-ladders alwa3"S in good order, and in readiness for use; he
shall ring the bell at the hour for rising in the morning, and he shall
perform such other duties as may be required of him. At six o'clock
A. M. he will be relieved by the Porter, and his services will not be
demanded again till, the time for duty in the evening.
WATCH WOMAN.
1. The watch woman shall have charge of the interior of the female
department during the night. In the management of the patients and
in the discharge of other duties she must be governed by the rules and
regulations laid down for the government of the Watchman.
PORTER.
1. The time of service of the Porter commences and ends in alterna-
tion with that of Night Watchman. Cleaning, heating and lighting the
front rooms of the centre building belong to him. He shall see that the
front windows and doors are kept secure during the da}', and that
visitors about the premises do not transgress the rules of propriety by
talking with the patients at the windows.
7t)
2. lie shall keep about the front entrance and roonns of the centre
building, unless absent on duty; he shall attend to all messages when
required, and receive and conduct visitors, observing toward all the
utmost politeness and attention ; and he shall perform such other duties
as may be required of him.
OVERSEERS OF LAUNDRY.
1. The overseers of the laundry shall have charge of the house and
furniture of the laundry. Tbey will bo held responsible for the safe
keeping of the clothing delivered to them until they are washed, ironed
and returned in a suitable condition for immediate use, to the assorting
rooms, and placed in the charge of the Supervisors.
2. They siiail keep the house and furniture in good order, and see that
everything is safel}^ locked up at night. They shall observe the general
rules and regulations of the institution, and see that they are observed
by all who are employed under them, and shall report any remissness or
neglect of duty to the »Superintendent or Steward.
CARPENTER.
1. The Carpenter shall have charge of the workshop, tools, etc.,
belonging to his department of labor. He shall attend to the repairs,
alterations and improvements made under the direction of the Superin-
tendent or Steward.
2. He shall keep a book, in which shall be entered the amount of
lumber used, and for what purpose.
3. He shall make a report to the Clerk at the end of each month.
FARMER AND GARDENER.
1. The Farmer, under the direction and control of the Steward, shall
have in his immediate charge the lands used for farming purposes, the
farming implements, the horses, cattle, hogs, chickens and produce of the
farm, together with the hay, grain, straw, etc., purchased and delivered
at the Asylum.
2. He shall keep a book, in which, under the head of General Accounts,
he shall charge the farm with wages paid for labor, the cost of farming
implements, the amount paid for blacksmithing, for grain, hay, bran,
shorts, straw, etc., purchased and delivered to him, and all other articles
or items of expenditure for farming purposes. Under the same head he
will credit the farm with all products, with the labor of himself and
hands in making fences, gates, putting up buildings, etc., together with
all articles that may be sold.
3. He will also keep separate accounts under the following heads :
"For the Asylum," " For Hogs," "For Cattle." On account for the
Asylum, he will charge every article of produce, grain, hay, straw, etc.,
together with the pork, beef, veal, chickens, etc., delivered from time to
time to the Steward for the use of the As3'lum, and credit the "Asylum"
with every article, of whatever nature or kind, purchased by the Steward
and placed in his keeping. On account for " Hogs," he will charge
the amount paid for all expenses; he will credit the number and weight
of bogs sold and the amount of pork supplied. On account for " Cattle,"
he will charge amount paid for cattle purchased, amount paid for grain,
hay, shorts, bran, etc., fed per day, and the amount of any other expendi-
77
turo incurred for cattle; he will credit the quamtity of milk and butter
obtained daily, and the number and weight of cattle fatted and killed,
including the hides and tallow.
4. The Farmer will be held responsible for the safe keeping of all
grairi, hay, straw, bran, shorts, cattle, hogs, horses, fai-ining implements,
or anything else connected with the farm, and the Steward shall see that
no such article is left at the Asylum unless received and checked by the
Secretary.
5. The Farmer will be careful to confer often with the Steward in
reference to all matters pertaining to his charge, give timely notice as to
all his wants, and he shall be faithful and industrious in the use of every
means in bis power to render the farm productive and profitable to the
Asylum.
6. lie shall make a report, embracing all the business transactions of
the farm, whenever required to do so by the Superintendent.
7. He, with the aid of such patients as can be taken out for that pur-
pose, shall have the care of the orchard, garden, and the grounds around
the Asj'lum and Physician's house; he shall have charge of the cultiva-
tion of the vegetables, fruits and flowers, and he will be held responsible
for their safe keeping and delivery at the Asylum, as directed from time
to time by the Superintendent or Steward.
8. He shall keep a pass-book, in which shall be entered by the Steward
the number, weight or measurement of the products of the garden and
orchard, delivered from time to time to the Asylum, and report the same
to the Clerk monthly.
9. As the fruits and flowers ai'e intended for the use of the patients,
the Gardener is injoined not to permit visitors or employes to pluck,
or otherwise disturb them, without permission from the Superintendent.
CHIEF COOKS.
1. The chief cook of the male department shall have the general
charge, under the direction of the Steward, of all the cooking ibr the
patients and attaches of the old Asylum building and its dependent
wards and departments, including the employes on the farm and
garden.
2. The chief cook of the female department, under the direction of the
Matron, shall have charge of the cooking for the inmates and attaches
of the new Asylum building and its dependencies.
3. They shall take care of the supplies for their respective kitchens
and prepare the food as may be directed, and see to its proper distribu-
tion and delivery to the various wards.
4. They shall personally take care of the fires and lights, and see that
their respective apartments are properly closed for the night.
5. They shall be mainly responsible for the conduct of such help as
they may require in the performance of their duties.
ENGINEERS.
1. The Engineers will have charge of their respective engine rooms,
engines, boilers, pumps, steam and water pipes, tanks and other
machinery, apparatus and tools connected with their several apart-
ments. They will see that they are all kept neat, clean and in good •
order.
2. They will run their respective engines and pumps, and will keep up
78
steam so long each day as may be required to accomplish the object for
which they are rcHpectively used.
3. They should not admit company or visitors into their apartments
without permission of the Superintendent.
APOTHECARY.
1. The Apothecarj', under the direction of the Resident and Assistant
Physician, shall have charge of the dispensar}', see that it is kept neat
and clean, and supplied with the necessary assortment of medicines; he
shall keep the medicines arranged in an orderly and systematic manner
and technically labeled with printed labels. He shall also have charge
of the surgical instruments, and all other instruments and things appro-
priately belonging to this department; and he shall see that they are
alwaj-s kept clean, in order for use, and in (heir proper 2?lace.
2. He shall prepare, put up and deliver to the several wards the medi-
cine prescribed by the Resident and Assistant Ph3'sicians, with the
directions and the name of the patient to whom it is to be administered,
plainly written upon the vial or package.
3. He shall every month, or oftener, clear the ward, medicine cases of
all discontinued medicines, and empty vials and boxes, and return the
same to the dispensary.
4. He shall assist the Assistant Physician in keeping the "case book,"
in which shall be recorded the cases of patients under treatment and
recently admitted, describing therein their condition, symptoms, the
changes that ma}^ occur from time to time, the mode of treatment, and
all the peculiar circumstances connected with each case.
5. He shall take the meteorological observations, under the direction
of the Superintendent, and keep a register of the same.
6. He may assist in attending to visitors.
7. Ho will not allow patients in his apartment.
GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS.
I. The whole time of employes should be devoted to the institution.
2 They must never work for themselves during the hours of duty.
8. The}- shall not employ or permit patients to work for them, or for
others, without permission from the Superintendent.
4. The}'- shall not receive any gratuity or present from patients or
their friends without the consent of the Superintendent.
5. Attendants are not to make a practice of visiting each others' wards,
except on necessarj' errands.
6. The}' must never leave their halls unattended, or without a substitute.
7. They must not retire to their rooms during duty hours, for reading,
writing, sewing, napping, and so forth.
8. Employes must not take friends or others into the wards without
permission.
9. They must not lend their keys, and must be ever careful not to lose
them.
10. They should not visit departments to which they do not belong,
except on business or by permission.
II. They must always regard the affairs of the Asylum as confidential,
and never make them the subject of conversation with those unconnected
with it.
12. All known abuses, improprieties and violations of rule must be
reported to the Superintendent.
13. No intoxicating liquors shall be used in the Asylum or upon the
premises, except as prescribed by the Physicians for medicinal purposes.
14. No person addicted to gambling, or of intemperate habits, or of
immoral character, will be employed in the institution.
15. Ward attendants will not be allowed to leave the A8}'lum without
permission of the Superintendent or Assistant Physician.
16. Male attendants will invariably notify the Supervisor before leaving,
and report to him immediately on their return, or the time at whfch
they returned
17. Female attendants shall, in like manner, give notice of leaving and
report time of returning to the Matron ; and in the absence of the
Physicians the Matron may grant leave of absence to female attendants
in cases of emergency.
18. Other employes will not be permitted to leave their business during
80
the hoiu-B of duty, without pcrniissiou ol tlie Supcrintoiident, or in hisi
absence, of the Steward.
19. P'.niployd's on tlie farm should not be granted leave of absence
without first consulting the Farmer.
20. The Steward sliall iceep an account of the time outside employes
are absent during dut}- hours.
21. All employes leaving must hang up their keys in the })lace provided
for that purpose.
22. Non-residents will not be permitted to remain in the institution
at i)i<'ht without the knowledge and permission of the Superintendent.
2o.\\ll employes mu^t be ready to perform extra duty in cases of
emergency.
24. All letters, or other writing, parcels or packages, to or from the
patients, must be shown the Superintendent or Assistant Physician,
before being sent away or delivered to the patient.
25. All money, jewels or other valuables found on patients, and all
sums left or sent for their benefit, must be deposited in the office of the
Superintendent.
26. All emplo3-es, in their treatment of, and deportment towards
patients, will observe the rules prescribed for the government of the
attendants.
27. No conversation shall be held with patients through the windows;
and no person is allowed to stand by the windows, attracting the atten-
tion and listening to the talk of patients.
28. No male person whatever, except officers in the discharge of
regular duty, shall visit the apartments, or enter the building occupied
bythe female-patients, without express permission of the Superintendent
or Assistant Physician.
29. Visitors may be admitted in the institution from ten to twelve
A. M., and from two to four p. M. — Sundays and holidays excepted ; and
male visitors excepted, as regards the female department.
30. In his absence, the Assistant Physician will exercise the authority
and perform the duties of the Superintendent.
G. A. SHUlitLEFF,
Eesident Physician and Superintendent.
Insank Asylum of California, }
Stockton, October 1st, 1S69. J
REPORT
Coinniittf e onluMk ^mlbtngs anif §xamh
RELATIVE TO THE
INSANE ASYLUM AT STOCKTON.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
R E I> O R T .
Sacramento, March 2l8t, 1870.
Mr. Speaker : Your Committee on Public Buildings und Grounds, in
obedience to a resolution of this House, visited the Insane Asylum in
the City of Stockton, and found the new buildings built in a good and
substantial manner, and of the following dimensions : South wing, front-
ing west, one hundred and fifty-two feet; centre building, one hundred
and on§ feet; the length of new building, two hundred and fifty-two
feet ; the north wing, as contemplated, one hundred and fifty two feet,
which your committee would recommend the erection of as proposed,
the building would then front to the west and be four hundred and five
feet, which runs back east at right angles with the front, one hundred
and sixty feet, and the west end containing forty-two feet of the front
measurement of the south wings. The proposed north wing, of course,
if erected, will be the same in form and extent as the south wing. The
design of the proposed wing at the north end is a fac simile of the one
erected at the south end, and your committee would earnestly recom-
mend the erection of the nbrth wing, so as to give jiore room for the
insane, as the building is very much crowded with those unfortunate
persons at this time. This building is occupied by the insane females.
The new building is well ventilated and supplied with an abundance of
good pure water. The same building is heated by steam, and every
portion of the same is kept in perfect order. The whole of the buildings
seem to be built of the best material that could be had, and the work
done on the said building is done in the most approved style, and
reflects credit on the builders of the same, and the State of California
may feel proud of said institution. The grounds are handsomel}- laid
out with numerous walks and avenues, with a fine variety of evergreens,
forest shrubs and flowers. The grounds are so well arranged and laid
off, that they must be very interesting and pleasing, not only to the
insane but all who may visit the institution and grounds. The old
building is occupied bj' the insane males, and your committee found the
same to be in better condition than they expected. It is kept in good
order, and every portion of it presents a neat appearance. Your com-
mittee could not advise any more additions to the old building. The
grounds adjacent to the building are handsomely laid out, and presents
a very handsome and inviting appearance. This building is occupied by
the insane males. There is also a new frame building that has been
erected, which gives a good deal of room for quite a number of patients,
and is well arranged, with good ventilation. This building is for those
insane that are quietly disposed and not destructive.
Your committee would call the attention of the Board of Directors to
the furniture and the carpets of the Resident Phybician's residence.
We find that the same is poorly furnished, and would recommend the
refurnishing in part, if not in whole, the residence of the Superintend-
ent of the Insane Asylum.
Your committee would further state, that the State of California may
feel proud of the present Superintendent for the able manner in which
he has taken care of the buildings, grounds, and the insane in said insti-
tution.
All which is respectfully submitted.
BIGGS, for Committee.
REPORT
SAN FRANCISCO DELEGATION
RELATIVE TO
S. B. 546, _^. B. 474, S. B. 82.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
REPORT
Senate Chamber, March 15th, 1870.
Mr. President: The San Francisco delegation, to whom was referred
Senate Bill No. 546 — An Act concerning the salaries of certain officers
therein named — having duly considered the same, respectfully report the
same back to the Senate with the following amendments, to wit:
First — In line one, of section one, strike out the word " deputy," and
insert the word " book keeper;" and in line three of the same section,
strike out the words " acting as book keeper."
Second — In line eight, of section one, strike out the words " and fifty;"
and recommend that the amendments be adopted, and the bill passed as
amended; and
Having duly considered Assembly Bill No. 474— An Act further to
define the powers and duties of the Sheriff of San Francisco — report the
same back and recommend its passage ; and
Having had under consideration Senate Bill No. 82 — An Act amenda-
tory of and supplementary to an Act legalizing ordinance eight hun-
dred, as passed by the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of
San Francisco, passed by the Legislature of the State of California, ap-
proved March twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight — report
back to the Senate a substitute therefor, and respectfully recommend the
passage of the substitute.
SAUNDERS, for Delegation.
MAJORITY AND MINORITY REPORTS
,sm\hl^ €m\miiu m ^tate Jospitals,
TO WHOM WAS REFERRED
A.SSE:MBLY bill no. 50,
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF A COMMISSIONER TO VISIT
THE EASTERN INSANE ASYLUMS, ETC.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
REPORTS.
MAJORITY EEPORT.
Mr. Speaker: Your Committee on State Hospitals, to wliom was
referred Senate Bill No. 50, an Act to provide for the appointment of a
Commissioner to visit the Eastern insane asylums, and to define his
powers and duties, report the same back and recommend its indefinite
postponement.
W. E. EICHELROTH.
MINOHITY REPORT.
To the Honorahle Assembly of California :
The undersigned, a minority of the Committee on Hospitals, to which
was referred Senate Bill No. 50, submit the following report :
The Governor, in his late message, recommended the appointment of
a Commissioner for the purj^oses contemplated by this bill, and this bill
has received the indorsement of the Hospital Committee of the Senate
and the approval of that body. We know of no objections that can be
justly urged to its passage, whilst, on the contrary, the reasons why it
should meet a favorable consideration at our hands appear conclusive.
A glance at the reports emanating from our Insane Asylum will be
sufficient evidence of the rapid and alarming increase of insanity. Every
consideration of justice, mercy and humanity demands that we take some
steps towards producing a different state of affairs. It is believed that
if this bill becomes a lavv, some citizen of this State will be found who
will accept the mission, contributing towards its end his time and serv-
ices; that the only expense incurred by the State will be the necessary
and actual travelling expenses, fixed at the lowest possible limit.
Throughout the civilized world scientific men in charge of lunatic
asvlums are bending their efforts tcfward the amelioration of the condi-
tion of the unhappy persons who are victims of this terrible disease.
Consultations with such men, actual observation of their mode of treat-
ment— medical, moral, hygienic and sanitary — by one qualified and
willing to undertake the mission, can but be most happy in results.
On no subject is there such a dearth of " book information." The
annual reports of the various asylums are but little more than state-
ments of the numbers received and discharged.
The librar}' of the Insane Asylum consists of seven works on the
subject; whilst the State Librarj' furnishes two works only, and most of
these may be said to be confined principally to medical treatment, and
of doubtful utility at that — so rapidly of late has science advanced and
the treatment of the insane been improved upon. In this condition of
things, the result of an actual observation of the best conducted asj-lums,
embodied in an intelligent report, would, in our opinion, be invaluable.
Such a report, embijicing, as it would, a general summary of the most
approved treatment of the insane, the mode and manner of conducting
asylums, and the rules and regulations that experience has proven neces-
sary, could not fail to furnish information most valuable to persons
entrusted with the management of our Asylum, and at the same time
affoi'd to the law-maker, who is called upon to legislate on the subject,
an apt and ready medium of information.
The Medical Superintendents of the Eastern asj'lums have, for the last
twenty j-ears, held annual meetings, under the auspices of an association
formed by themselves, and thus had advantages that the oflicers of our
Asylum are debarred from ; yet, even b}' the Eastern States, missions of
this kind have been deemed of imperative necessity. From the many
instances we cite the following :
In eighteen hundi-ed and fifty-nine, the Canadian autl^orities, at a large
expense, secured the services of the eminent Dr. Joseph Workman, to
make an extended examination of foreign asylums, and upon his return,
the value of his services were admitted on all sides, and were proven by
the many changes that were made for the better, even in the admirably
managed asylums of Canada.
In eighteen hundred and sixty-three, acting under a joint resolution
of the Legislature, the Governor of Massachusetts appoifted a Commis-
sion, headed by the venerable Josiah Quincy, which visited and reported
upon all the principal asylums on the American continent.
The State of New York, the Utica Asylum of which is justly her
pride, has drawn to it from every quarter men who have made the study
of insanity a specialty, and lately had Dr. Kellogg in Europe, on a mis-
sion similar in character to the one proposed by this bill.
The Sheppard Asylum, of Baltimore — a private institution, the off-
spring of the philanthropic spirit of a single individual — commissioned
I)r. Brown to visit the asylums of Pjurope, ]>aying him not only his
expenses, but full compensation for his services
It is unnecessary to inquire further for precedents upon which to jus-
tify the action of the Governor and our State Senate in their support of
the measure we are now considering; were we without precedents, still,
to the undersigned, the wisdom of this measure would be a]>pareMt. We
have nearly one thousand insane persons in our State As3'lum. The sta-
tistics of this institution, as above said, show that insanity is alarmingly
increasing in our midst. It is unnecessary here to speculate about the
causes that jiroduce this increase. The}' are as permanent, however, as
they are active among us. Everj'' year will pi-oduce its supply of new
cases, and each succeeding year will'produce a larger percentage, accord-
ing to population, than the preceding year. Of course, those who arc
not healed will be added to the list of permanently incurable, until the
burden of supporting thousands of such unfortunates will be very seri-
ously felt by the people of the State.
Not humanity merel}', but a wise policy, will unite in calling upon the
Legislature to do all that can be done, not merely to take care of our
insane, but to cure them, for in this way only can we relieve ourselves of
their support. Medical and scientific men of Europe and America are
investigating and studying this subject of insanity, j>articularly now,
with a view to its atre, treating it as a disease merel}^; and the convic-
tion is growing stronger every daj* that science will soon discover the
correct treatment of all mental disorders, and that they will soon be as
curable as fevers or other diseases of the physical system.
Whatever will tend to enlarge our knowledge respecting the treat-
ment of insanity, with a view to its cure, will not only subserve the
interests of the insane themselves, but will be of vast benefit to the
State in an economical point of view. Knowledge is what we want,
and we may close this report with the remark borne out, we think, by
the experience of the past quarter of a century, that the vast improve-
ments made in the treatment of the insane, and the hopeful aspect of
the question now so deeply claiming the attention of the benevolent and
wise men of our day, are due mainly to the knowledge slathered and
imported by distinguished medical men, who, under the auspices of our
Legislatures and benevolent private institutions, have been sent on mis-
sions and have personally examined into the mode of treating the insane
in different countries of the civilized world.
In view of these and many other facts that might be mentioned, we
are convinced that it is our dut}' to earnestly ux'ge the passage of this
bill.
Eespectfully submitted,
T. R. THOMAS,
Ft. C. FRYER.
JOHN C. GRISWOLD.
SETSTA-TE BILL NO. 50,
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOU THE APPOINTMENT OF A COMMISSIONER TO VISIT
THE EASTERN INSANE ASYLUMS, AND TO DEFINE HIS POWERS AND DUTIES.
The People of the State of Cali/ornia, represented in Senate and Assembly,
do enact as follows :
Section 1. The Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate,
is authorized to appoint and commission some suitable person a Com-
missioner, to visit the principal insane asylums of the United States,
Great Britain, Ireland, France and Germany, and to perform the duties
herein prescribed.
Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of such Commissioner to visit such asy-
lums as soon as possible, and to collect and compile all accessible and
reliable information as to their management, the different modes of treat-
ment, and the statistics of insanity.
Sec. 3. Such Commissioner shall, in or before the next session of the
Legislature, make a written report to the Governor, in which he shall
embody at length a history of the management adopted at such asylums,
a statement of the different modes of treatment in use, and such statistics
as he may deem reliable, which report shall, by the Governor, be trans-
mitted to the Legislature at its session.
Sec. 4. The Commissioner appointed under the provisions of this Act
shall hold his office until the first Monday in December, eighteen hun-
dred and seventj'^-one, and shall receive in full payment for his services
hereinundcr, and his ti'avelling expenses, the sam of four hundred dol-
lars per month, payable quarterly, from and after his appointment.
Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force from and after its jKissage.
I
R E P O R T
gissemMn dfommittee on JflJiiittals
IIBLATIVE TO
SETSTA^TE BILL NO. lOl
A^' ACT TO CFtEATE A STATE BOARD OF HEALTIf.
r> W. (i!;i,WIOKS. STATIC TRINTKR.
R f: P» O R T
Mr. Speaker : The Committee on Hospitals, to whom was referred
Senate Bill No. 101 — To create a State Board of Health — submit the
following report-:
We believe that whatever relates to life and the promotion of health
is of paramount importance to the human family, and that a communit}'
ignorant of properly collected facts concerning its vital history is cul-
pably neglectful, and but feebly defended against "the pestilence that
walketh in darkness and destroyeth at noonday." This belief is
strengthened bj" what is now continually afforded in the happy results
of domestic and civic hygiene, wherever practised, urged by the pro-
gressive minds of the medical profession. In most of the civilized
nations of the world the State and municipal representatives of the
people are thorougly aroused to an appreciative sense of the economic
and political importance of public health and salubrity, and we trust
the day is not far distant when the march of sanitary improvement, or.
the study of preventive medicine, already commenced in Massachusetts,
shall have extended to every State of our Union. In England, France,
German}', Austria and Prussia, sanitary improvements, under govern-
mental auspices, have Vastly increased the average duration of human
life, notwithstanding the many unfavorable hygienic conditions and
influences that result from a dense and constantly increasing population.
In London, especiall}', the largest city in the world, has the increase of
the probability of life been most plainly seen. In Holland, dreary
swamps have been converted into fertile fields, and flourishing cities
built upon spots where the foot of man could not once have trodden
with safet3^ Calcutta, built on the swampy side of the Hooghly, by a
proper system of drainage of that part of the city inhabited by Euro-
peans, has become as healthy as any country of the same latitude on
earth ; while Stockholm, with a mean temperature of forty degrees, is,
because of gross sanitary neglect, the unhealthiest city in that quarter
of the globe, as shown by its death rate.
In view of these and numerous other facts and reasons that time will
not permit us to adduce, we are convinced that it is our duty to earnestlj'
urge the passage of this bill, to inaugurate a system of State medicine
in California. We are aasured that the Governor will find no difficulty
in Hccuring, in ihe different sections of the State, as provided for in the
bill, seven medical men of acknowledged ability and acquirements, and
of Kufliciently enlarged views, to cope successfully with all the intri-
cacies of 80 vital a subject, and whose knowledge, drawn immediately
from the area of their observations, and marshalled from time to time
at the Capital, shall serve to protect and bless our State, not only for
the present, but for all future time.
The total expense entailed (but four thousand dollars per annum) will
be a mere modicum compared to the invaluable results; for we confi-
dently believe that whatever will tend to enlarge our knowledge, not
only of preventable diseases, but also of the lengthening out of human
life, will most surely subserve the best interests of the people, and must
prove of vast benefit to the State in an economical point of view.
Knowledge is what is wanted, to be diffused and spi-ead broadcast over
the land, to be brought within the reach of all classes, and especially
working men. Every day of sickness, whether produced from any one
of the thousand circumstances intimately co'nnectod with the several
trades and vocations, insalubrity of the workshop, the city, village, or
domicil, or by accident, is indeed so much cash capital deducted from the
fund upon which they and their i'amilies can alone depend for support.
Yet it is frequently the case that we overlook every principal of h^-genie.
and therefore regularly pa}' the penalty imposed by the moloch of pre-
ventable disease, as is demonstrated in the crowded condition of county
hospitals and lunatic as3-lums. •
Not humanit}' merely, but a wise policy, therefore, unite in calling
upon us to do all that can be done to foster and promote sanitary inves-
tigations. They belong to the patriot no less than the philanthropist.
They involve future prosperity and national greatness. The mischief
done by disease is not to be measured by the number of deaths. That
is the least part of the result. The paralyzing influence upon emigra-
tion, and the natural increase of population, is sufficiently disastrous;
but the real and lasting injury lies in the deterioration of race, in the
seeds of disease transmitted to future generations, in the degeneracy
and decay which are seldom detected till tbe evil is irrejiarable.
Respectfully submitted,
W. E. EIClIHLiiOTlI,
J. H. CAHOTIIERS,
E..W. DOSS,
J. S. THURSTON,
JOHN C. GRISWOIiD,
R. C. FRYER.
M E S S A. GE
GOY. H. H. HAIGHT,
TRANSMITTING THE
REPORT OF THE YOSEMITE COMMISSIONERS
MEMORIAL OF J. C. LAMON
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PEINTEE.
GOVERNOR'S MESSA.aE.
State of California, Executive Department, ")
Sacramento, February 4th, 1870. j
Gentlemen of the Senate and Assembly :
The report of the Commissioners to manage the Yosemite Yalley and
the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees is herewith transmitted ; accompanying
this report is a letter and memorial from J. C. Lamon, asking for pecu-
niary compensation for his claim in the valley.
At the last session of the Legislature an Act was passed to confirm to
Messrs. Lamon and Hutchings the title to three hundred and twenty
acres of land in the valley (one hundred and sixty acres to each). The
objections to the enactment which prevented Executive approval were
set forth in a message returning the bill. The Legislature, however,
passed the bill by the requisite constitutional majority ; but it failed to
be properly authenticated by what was doubtless an unintentional
oversight of the proper officer of the Senate or House.
The bill provided for a survey of the claims, and made the grants
subject to the assent of Congress.
After the passage of the bill, although it failed to be properly authen-
ticated, the Surveyor-General was requested by the claimants, Messrs.
Hutchings and Lamon, to make a survey of their claims. He did so,
under their instructions, and laid off Lamon's claim in three detached
portions, and Hutchings' claim in the form of a cross, extending from
mountain to mountain and blocking up the valley.
The letter of the Surveyor-General in reference to this survey is here-
with transmitted and explains itself. It illustrates the inexpediency of
converting the valley into private ownership and destroying its character
of a public reservation.
If Congress refuse to sanction the grant to Messrs. Hutchings and
Lamon, it will be necessary to make some provision for protecting the
timber in the valley, and for improving the roads and trails; and it
would therefore be judicious to make an appropriation, to be expended
only in the event that Congress refuses to sanction the attempted legis-
lation of last session. If the grants are made to the claimants, others
will make similar claims, and it would, in that event, be hardly expedient
to expend public funds upon the valley.
The transmission of the report of the Commissioners was delayed,
awaiting the letter of Mr. Lamon.
H. H. HAIGHT,
Governor.
LETTER FROM THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL.
Office of the Surveyor-General, )
Sacramento, Cal., December, 1869. J
Governor H. H. Haight
Dear Sir : In compliance with your request, I herewith transmit
the plat of the survey of the claims of J. M. Hutchings and J. C. Lamon
in the Valley of the Yoseraite, and would recommend that they be
rejected.
The surveys were made under the Act of the Legislature passed
March, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, which made it my duty to
make the survey within one year after the passage of the Act, but the
Act was not to take effect until ratified by Congress. I am of the opin-
ion, therefore, that the surveys could not be made before the Act went
into full force and eifect. There are other reasons why these surveys
should not be confirmed.
You will see by the plat that the claim of Hutchings is laid off so as
to reach from mountain to mountain, completely blo(?king the valley,
and the claim, or rather claims, of Lamon, are taken in three detached
pieces, being nwre than half a mile apart. I had no discretionary power
in the matter whatever, and laid off the tracks as directed by the claim-
ants. Since making an examination of the valley and making the sur-
vey's, I am fully convinced that the State should buy these parties out
and lease them the premises for a term of years. I have stated briefly
the reasons for not approving the surveys. Much more might be said
on the subject, but a glance at the plat I am sure will be sufficient to
warrant your Excellency in rejecting them.
Your obedient servant,
JOHN W. BOST,
Surveyor-General, Cal.
REPORT
To His Excellency,
H. H. Haight,
Governor of California :
Sir : As required by law, the Commissioners to Manage the Yosemite
Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees beg leave to submit here-
with their biennial report :
The last Legislature endeavored, so far as was in its power, to repu-
diate the action of a previous one, accepting the grant made by Congress
to the State of the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees and the Yosemite
Valley. They passed a resolution, over the Executive veto, granting to
two settlers in the valley one hundred and sixty acres of land each, and
requesting Congress to confirm this grant. This, however, Congress has
declined to do, a bill to that efi^ect, which was introduced in the House
of Eepresentatives, having failed to pass the Senate. As the matter
now stands, therefore, the guardianship of the valley and the grove still
remains with the State of California, and Congress has not consented to
allow the Legislature to alienate any portion of the land which had been
accepted under a distinct pledge to hold it " inalienable for all time," for
the benefit of the people, as a place of public use, resort and recreation.
The Commissioners have, therefore, not resigned their office, nor have
they ceased to perform the duties imposed on them b}^ their acceptance
of theteame, although no appropriation was made by the last Legisla-
ture to enable them to make any expenditures in or about the grants,
and while, on the other hand, the claimants to the valley have been
naturally encouraged, by the action of the Legislature, to resist their
authority, so far as they thought it for their interest to do so.
At the time of the adjournment of the last Legislature, legal proceed-
ings had been commenced against one of the claimantstin the valley,
who had refused to recognize the authority of the Commissioners. This
suit is still pending and will soon be brought to trial in the lower Court.
It will of course be a test suit for all the other cases of a similar char-
acter, there being a considerable number of persons who claim various
rights and privileges in the valley, some of whom have, while others
have not, notified the Commissioners of the character and extent of
their claims.
In the meantime, the Commissioners have, so far as they could with-
out money, done what was to be done in carrying out the intent of Con-
gress in making the grant, and of the Legislature of eighteen hundred
sixty-five and eighteen hundred and sixty-six, in accepting it. They
have executed various leases to parties requiring them, and have propo-
sals for others under consideration. It is not, however, their intention
to do anything more than is absolutelj^ required for the accommodation
of travellers and for the public good until the question of title has been
decided and the authority of the State, acting through the Commission-
ers, has been recognized, and also until it has been shown that Congress
will not sanction any attempt on the part of the State to throw off the
responsibility which it voluntarily assumed in accepting the grant of the
6
Yosemite Valley and of the Big Trees. The Guardian, Mr. Galen Clark,
has continued to perform his duties in watching over the tracts in ques-
tion and preventing depredations thereon, and, of course, without salary.
As stated in the previous report, leases were offered to Messrs. Lamon
and Hutchings of th'e premises occupied by them, for the space of ten
years, free of rent, a degree of liberality beyond which the Commissioners
had no legal power to go ; but such leases were refused by these parties,
who declined to recognize in any manner the authority of the Commis-
sioners. A lease has been given to Mr. and Mrs. G. F. Leidig of a por-
tion of the valley for a hotel site, and authority has been granted to parties
engaged in constructing a wagon road from Big Oak Flat to the Yosemite,
to descend into the valley on the north side of the Merced River. Negotia-
tions are also in progress for the construction of a trail by which parties
can ride to points above the Yernal Fall, thus avoiding the difficult and
fatiguing climb up the ladders by which access is now had to that region.
The amount of travel to the Yosemite Yalley has greatly increased
during the past two yeai's, and the people of the State are beginning to
recognize more clearly than before the great value of the Congressional
grant, and the importance of carrying out the provisions of the Act of
the Legislature accepting it.
The Commissioners confidently look forward to the time as soon at
hand when tens of thousands of visitors shall yearl}^ go to the Yosemite
Valley, and believe this will be a source of material benefit to the State
of very considerable importance.
They believe that if all restrictions on travel in and about the valley
can be removed, and the vexatious annoyance of tolls at every point can
be spared the traveller, the number of visitors will be greatly increased
and their comfort immensely promoted. The pristine beauty of the
valley should be preserved, and no unsuitable establishment of any kind
be allowed a place within its walls. •
The Legislature should have a pride in fulfilling the obligations which
have been assumed in this respect, and each year should add something
to the comfort of the traveller and the accessibility of the premises.
After a small expenditure during the few first yearl, enough will be
received from the rents in the valley to enable the Commissioners to
accomplish allfthey desire, and to pay the salary of the Guardian.
For the present, however, an annual expenditure of a small sum is
deemed essential, and the Commissioners therefore ask for an appropria-
tion of two thousand five hundred dollars a year for the next two years,
to be expended in the following manner :
For trails and bridges in the vallej^ §2,500 00
For salary of Guardian 1,000 00
For map of valley I 800 00
For incidentals 700 00
Total
$6,000 00
All of which is respectfully submitted.
By order of the Executive Committee,
WM. ASHBURNER,
San Francisco, November 24th, 1869. Secretary.
MEIVIOKIA.!.
YosEMiTE Valley, December 4th, 1869.
To the Honorable Senate and Assembly of California :
Your memorialist would respectfully represent that he is a citizen of
the United States of America, of the State of California, and of the
County of Mariposa. And your memorialist would further represent,
that in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, he settled
in and became a resident in the Yosemite Valley, in the aforesaid County
of Mariposa, and that at that time he purchased claims there of certain
persons who had taken them up under what is known as the " Settlers
Act" of the State of California.
And your memorialist would further represent, that he went to work
making improvements in good faith, believing that he would eventually
be allowed a pre-emption or homestead right to the land upon which his
improvements were located, by the United States Government; and that
he has from year to year, and constantly, up to the present time, labored
industriously making improvements, enduring great deprivations and
hardships for many years, being fifty miles up in the Sierra Nevada
Mountains from the nearest town or Post-ofiice.
And your memorialist would further represent, that his improvements
consists of houses to live in and a barn, of fences, and a very fine gar-
den; of large patches of various kinds of berries, such as strawberries,
raspberries, blackberries and others. Also, of two large and very fine
orchards of fruit trees, now beginning to bear abundantly, being of the
very choicest selection of grafted fruit, consisting of apples, pears, peaches,
plums, nectarines, almonds, etc., over one thousand trees altogether ; all of
which have been transplanted and cultivated with the greatest care and
labor, in thoroughly and deeply preparing the ground, and constant
cultivation.
And your memorialist would further represent, that all these various
improvements, which have cost him ten years constant bard labor,
together with considerable amount of other hired labor, he believes at
this time to be worth at least twelve thousand dollars.
And your memorialist would further represent, that in the year one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four the Yosemite Valley was, by an
8
Act of Congress, granted and ceded to the State of California, on con-
dition that it should be held forever inalienable as a place of public
resort and recreation, and that the State of California has, by an Act of
her Legislature, accepted the grant upon and in accordance with the
stipulations named, and have appointed a Board of Commissioners to
take charge of the Yosemite Valley, with full powers to possess it and
manage all matters pertaining to the same.
And your memorialist would further represent, that the Commissioners
appointed to take charge of the valley have brought a suit of ejectment
against him ,to dispossess him of his various improvements, which suit is
now pending against him and still undecided.
And 3'our memorialist would further represent, that if said suit should
be decided against him, it would deprive him of all his earthly posses-
sions and leave him in poverty and in debt.
And your memorialist would further represent, that if he can be paid
for his various improvements, according to their full value, by the State
of California, he would be willing to vacate the premises and give pos-
session of all his improvements to the Commissioners appointed to take
charge of the same.
Therefore, your memorialist would most respectfully ask that the
State of California would pay him the full value of his possessions, that
he may not be utterly impoverished.
And your memorialist would ever pray.
J. C. LAMON.
Witness :
Galen Clark,
Fred. Leidig.
We, the undersigned, being personally acquainted with J. C Lamon,
and knowing the statenjents set forth in the above memorial to be true,
would most respectfully recommend that he should be liberally paid for
all his improvements.
ALEX DEWING,
GALEN CLAEK,
L. F. JONES,
J. O. LOVEJOY,
CHAELES BOGAN,
E. T. WILLIAMS,
PETEE McDEEMOTT,
FEED. LEIDIG,
J. W. THOMAS,
JOHN F. HAEEIS & BEO.
H. SCHLAGETEE,
RICIIAED H. DALY,
HUGH DAVANAY,
LINDSEY J. WEST,
ROBEET C©LLISON,
J AS. C. HUMPHREYS,
WILLIAM BEADFOED,
THOS. J. BIEMINGHAM,
EDWIN MOOEE,
GEO. W. TEMPLE,
J. C. HAMILTON,
ANGEVINE EEYNOLDS,
J. B. CAMPBELL,
GEO. BERNHAED,
C. E. FAENSWOETH,
ALEXANDEE McELVOY,
J. M. HENDEICKS.
REPORT
Committee on Culture of the Grape
CULTIVATION OF THE GRAPE,
PRODUCTION OF WLNES AND BRANDIES IN CALIFORNIA.
D. W, GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
REPOKT.
To the Honorable the Senate of California:
Your Committee on the Culture of the Grape beg leave to report :
The subject submitted to our investigation is of such vast importance,
and so absolutely inherent in and interwoven with our whole political,
commercial and social fabric, that no sort of justice can be done to it in
a report of such length as would be admissible here.
Eealizing this, your committee have spared no labor to obtain, by
correspondence with our best vine growers — men whose experience
would afford the fullest information, and whose integrity is a full guar-
anty of reliable accuracy — in all portions of the State, and to condense
from such correspondence, and from our own personal investigations,
such a brief statement of our grape interests as will do justice to the
facts at home, and in some measure answer inquiries from abroad.
We present this brief condensation in a body, and append thereto
such statements and statistics as we have been able to collect, in verifi-
cation and illustration.
We have, however, to report a lamentable want of interest in this
matter of furnishing your committee with full and clear statements, by
those practical men who alone are capable of giving the facts just as
they are. Very few of them have responded in any other way than by
the sending of specimens, accompanied by notes, begging to be excused
for "want of time."
Our report is not a dissertation on any one or all of the departments
of this interest, but merely a general allusion, under the somewhat dis-
tinct and yet inseparable heads of —
Fresh Grapes,
Eaisins,
Wine,
Brandy.
That there are vast profits to be derived from each of these, the
results of experiments, under all varieties of circumstances, extending
from San Diego to Siskiyou, over a broad range of country more than
six hundred miles in length, leave no room for doubt.
Oav (.Icssrrt ;/nipes, Hince the opening of the continental railway, have
been spread upon the tables of tiio opulent, without regard to cost, in
every State in the Union, and in every prominent city of the British
om]iire and Continental Europe, and everywhere acknowledged to bo
without a rival.
Our rainins have been proved so excellent that few of them have
escaped the epicureiln consumers of our own state. Those that have
gone abroad have received a meed of praise not a whit behind that of
the fresh grapes already alluded to. and that, too, while their manufac-
ture is in its merest incipience.
But at the threshold of our other two depa.'tments, wine and hrandj/,
we are met by that inherent anomal}', universal among men, of praising
foreign and condemning linmc productions, while esteeming self and ours
above all others.
The old ex|)ression, '-home made," insidiously whispered to us, with a
sneer, by foreign producers and their agents, is caught as a watchword,
pointed with contemptuous ridicule, and hissed in the ear of every
American consumer.
But, really, what we want is a pure article — the product of the grape,
free from all foreign ingredients, no matter where produced; and surel}'
this demand is answered here. Our vintners have no motive for adul-
teration. The crop is alwaj'S good ; there is no lack of legitimate
material ; grapes are abundant every j-ear. It is not with us as with
European vine growers. 'Ihere, one good, full crop, safely harvested, in
five 3'ears, is a fair average for the last half centur}^; while there has been
no single year in which the grape crop has been a failure in California,
since the introduction of viniculture here in seventeen hundred and
forty — now more than a century and a quarter. Still further : while
the European crop is always subjecl to rains, at the season of gathering,
producing mould and rot in the berries, which transmit their offensive
qualities through everj^ stage of the products, California vine growers
enjoy an entire immunit}' from this evil, and hence can regularly and
certaini}' produce a purer wine or brandy than is possibl§ in the other
case.
Summing up on this point, an experienced and intelligent Hungarian
vine grower, after extensive investigations in our State, says : '• Of all
the vine growing countries in Europe, not one possesses the advantages
of California; and I am satisfied that even if the separate advantages of
these countries could be combined in one, it would still be surpassed by
California when her resources shall be fully developed. Nowhere in
France, the Netherlands, Holland, Rhenish Prussia, ]Javaria. Nassau,
Baden, Switzerland, Spain, Italy or an}' other country, can be found
wines more noble and generous than this young State on the Pacific is
capable of i)roducing. Nor has shj ever been anywhere equalled in the
amount of her vintage per acre, or the annual certainty of her crop."
With this earnest testimony from an intelligent foreigner, no Ameri-
can— no Calfornian, especially — should ever again point to ^^ as noble and
generous ivine as (he world ever produced," and repeat the superciiiance
" home made."
What is true of our wines is also true of our brandies — they are pure.
This, after all, is the desideratum, whether used in the mechanic arts or
medical compounds, whether administered to the fainting or quaffed at
the social board. The senses may be gratified by " bouquet" and "aroma,"
but the real worth is in a pure article. And this our manufacturers
attain in the highest possible degree.
5
All else needed ia afjc This can on!}' be secured b}'^ such legislation as
will enable our producers to hold their vinta<^e8, without consuming
their value in interest on money paid for taxes. [See appendix A.]
And to this point your committee beg to call the especial attention of
every department of our Government.
These several dejjartmcnts of our vine interest open uj) and deinand
vast collateral industries, including boxes for packing and labels for
marking, and warehouses for storing our fresh grapes and raisins; crush-
ers and presses, and vats and stills, and casks, and bottles, and barrels,
and tierces, and pipes for our wines and brandies; and rail cars, and
ships, and agencies and financial exchange for the transportation and
sale of them all.
Nor is there danger of overdoing this industry. No one now doubts
that with our advantages for transportation, wo can send to the remotest
ports on earth our wines, when one year old, without adding a drop of
spirit for their preservation, and thus command the market of the world.
IJence we repeat, that this business well done cannot be over(\onQ.
This is the more evident when we consider that within our seven hun-
dred miles of latitude, there is developed in valley, ])lain and hill-side,
every possible ai^pect, and every possible soil; and between the sea coast
and the mountain top, every temperature and every climate in which it
is possible for anj- variety of grape to thrive.
Ilencc we can, with absolute certainty, produce ever}' desirable class
and variety of grape, and every variety of wine and brandy that any
people on earth shall call for.
In response to our invitation, the following named gentlemen have
forwai-ded to your committee samples of their wines and brandies, with
more or less of information pertaining to their manufacture :
i.
F. Mathews — A superior Catawba wine, and vciy good brandy from
the ordinary Mission grape.
N. Carriger — White wine, red wine, native claret, brandy; good.
B. D. Wilson, of Lake Vineyard, Los Angeles — Excellent qualities of
wine, white, red, port and green seal
United Wine Growers, of Anaheim — Brand}- and white wine; very
good.
B. N. Bugbe\', of Natoma Vineyard, Sacramento Count}' — White wine
and cliampagne of excellent qualit}-.
H. Jarboe, of Santa Clara — Saratoga wine; good.
0. W. Craig, of Sonoma— White wine, Malaga, Angelica and brandy ;
very fine.
Th. Schmidt — Good white wine.
Live Oak Vineyard, Santa Clara — Brandy ; good.
N. I). Julian, of Yreka — Catawba, white and sweet wine ; good.
H. D. Dunn & Co.— Riesling; first quality.
1. Landsberger, of Sonoma — Kiesling and champagne; superior.
David Felton— Wine and brandy from Mission grape; good.
Dr. G. B. Crane — Wiiite wine and claret; good.
Pellet k Co. — Red and white wine; good.
Wm. Hood — White wine; good
S. Brannan, of Calistoga— Port wine, very superior, and brandy; the
latter as fine as the best French. [See appendix B ]
Schell k Krause, of Knight's Ferry — Sherry and port wine and brandy ;
iill the very Lest, with account of manufacture. [See appendix C]
After a somewhat careful investigation, your committee feel con-
strained to say that, thus far, the grapes grown on our chaparral lands,
in the foot-hills and on the mountain sides, produce superior wines and
brandies. Indeed, it seems impossible that wines of the same age could
excel those of Schell & Krause, from lied Mountain Vineyard, in the
foot-hills of Stanislaus County.
In conclusion, your committee beg to urge upon this body, and through
it, upon all parts of our Government, the propriety — the imperative
necessity — of carefully guarding this important interest from such taxa-
tion as shall interfere with its most rapid development.
Far better for this State and, the nation to remove all taxation, and
thus open the door and invite, by thousands, the intelligent vine growers
of Europe to come in multiplied numbers, bringing with them their
experience, their industry, their families and their capital, than, by any
temporary policy, to impose such taxes as shall in any measure cripple
the enterprise.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
C. M ACL AY, for Committee.
^I^I^EISI DIX j^.
Dr. D. K. Eule, President of St. Helena Grape Growers' Association,
has forwarded us quite an able and elaborate document on the growth
and developYnent of grape culture, from which we extract the following:
" We are a young community in the culture of the vine. Ten years
ago Napa County did not send out one gallon of wine ; three j^ears ago,
not one gallon of brandy; yet we are now the fifth county in the State
in the production of wine. Our business has been mucla crippled by
unwise legislation, and the worse than unwise ruling of Commissioner
Delano. In consequence of the latter, the distillery of F. Schliper &
Co., of this place, which worked seven hundred tons of grapes in eigh-
teen hundred and sixty-eight — worked nothing but offal from the wine
press in eighteen hundred and sixty-nine — yet, I think, your committee
will find that the brandy sent by Mr. Krug, Jr., partner, and now suc-
cessor of F. Schliper & Co., will comi^are favorably with any made in
the State.
"The land planted with vines in this district is totally worthless for all
other purposes, even for pasturage; one hundred acres of it would not
support one goose. Most of the land so planted could have been bought
twelve years ago for fifty to seventy-five cents per acre. It yielded no
revenue to State or county. At great expense men, mostly with small
means, have freed this otherwise worthless soil from stones and bushes,
and planted in it vines. Kesult : land valued by Assessors as high as
grain land; vines valued as 'permanent improvements,' and again as
'growing crop;' the wine assessed at least twice before fit for market, and
the proceeds of sale again taxed as money. Thus land brought by the
industry of men from fifty to ninety-five cents per acre is taxed at fifty
cents before any real profit has accrued. Is any other business so borne
down by multiple taxation? The writer can assure you that not one
vine grower in Napa County has yet had a return equal to ten per cent,
per annum upon the money invested in the culture of the vine; yet,
under the false impression that vineyard men are rapidly growing rich
— accumulating fortunes — both State and National Government have
imposed taxes greater than upon any other industry. Such articles as you
have read in the Alta newspaper about immense profits of the business —
8
one hundred dollai-s minimum to five hundred dollars- maximum per acre
— are totally without foundation in facts; were evidently fui-nished by
men who wished to sell vineyards. A vineyard will not pay current
expenses until four to five years old ; will not pay expenses and ordinary
interest until seven years old. We can prove all statements to the con-
trary false, as a gcmral rule, tliou£rh some small pet vineyards, in highly
favorable locations, may have paid largely from 'fanc}- grapes' at an
earlier period. The day of 'fancy grapes' has passed; we must now
look to wine, brandy and laisins for our profits; and whilst every vine
grower is willing to contribute his due share to the support of Govern-
ment, we must protest against the triple taxation under which we now
suffer."
1. This Act is intended to apply to distillers of brandy from grapes,
who are at the same time vintners, and where the distillery is attached
to the vineyard.
2. Distilling of brand}' from the grape shall include the distillation of
wine produced entirely from the grape.
3. i)istillers of brandy from grapes, who shall distil from any other
material, shall not be entitled to the privileges of this Act.
4. Distillers of brandy from grapes shall, before commencing the dis-
tillation, report, under oath, to the Assessor the quantity and alcoholic
strength of the material he is prepared to distil, which shall be exam-
ined and verified by the Asses.sor before permission shall bo, granted to
commence the distillation; for which purpose the Assessor may require
the distiller to test the liquid to bo distilled bv the use of his distillery,
and the Assessor, when he asses-ses the tax upon the brandy, shall return
the same at not less than eighty per cent, of the quantity of brandy
thus above reported and verified. And the Assessor shall require the
distiller of brandy from grapes to make a monthly return within five
days of the first day of each and every month (whenever the distillation
shall require so long a time) of all the material used, and the quantity,
in proof gallons, of all the brandy distilled. And he shall require an
additional return of a like character, within five days after the termina-
tion of the distillation, whenever the same shall end wiUhin the month.
In the report first herein required, a special re])ort shall be made of the
quantity of grapes or wine that may have been purchased.
5. Distillers of brandy from grapes are hereby exempted from any
restrictions regarding rectification, so far as the same may apply to the
l^randy distilled upon the premises.
6 When brand}-, distilled from grapes, .shall be ])laced in jiackages
(jlher than those intended lor sale, and which shall not be removed I'rom
the ])i'emises, the Assessor shall inspect and determine the quantity of
l)randy in the several packages, and mark or brand thereon, in proof
gallons, with the proof of the brandy and date of the measurement;
and he shall assess the same against the distiller, and return the same
to the ('ollector of the district and to the Commissioner at VVashington ;
and the distiller shall be requii-ed b}- the Collector to give a good and
sufficient bond to him, which shall be apjiroved b}' the Assessor and be
submitted to the Commissioner at Washington The bond shall be for the
payment of the above assessed taxes Avithin three j^cars, unless within
that time the (jrand}- shall be sold, when it shall be removed from the
premises, before which removal the Collector shall require the payment
of the tax, and he shall cancel the bond and stamp the jiackages. The
above bond shall be lor (loul)le of the amount of tlie taxes assessed, and
the same shall be a first lien upon the brand}^, the distillery used in its
nianut'aeture. the tools, vessels and fixtures thereon, and upon the lot of
land and premises wliereon the distillery is situated.
7. Brandy that shall be chan<^ed from a larger package into a smaller
on(k, or from one package into another, shall not be required to pay more
than one charge tor ganger's fees.
8. The tax upon brandy from grapes shall be lift}' cents per proof
gallon.
J). Distillers of brandy from grapes shall be required, after registei-ing
tlie distillery, to pay a special tax of ten dollars, where the amount to
be distilled in one }ear shall be less than two thousand proof gallons,
anil fifty dollars where the amount shall exceed two thousand proof
gallons.
10. The bond of a distiller of brandy from grapes shall be limited to
not less than twice the amount of the tax, nor more than three times
the amount of the tax upon the quantit}' he proposes to distil, and it
shall be increased or decreased at the discretion of the Assessor, within
the above limits, from time to time, as circumstances ma}' require.
11. All infractions of this law shall be punished by penalties that shall
be graduated bj^ the Commissioner of the United States Internal Kev-
enue; but no penalty shall be exacted greater than three times the
amount due to the Government because of such violation of the law,
where the amount is definite and determined, or greater than double the
amount of the bond ; and no excessive penalty shall be exacted for a
mere neglect of the provisions of this Act, where no intention of fraud
shall be shown.
IJ. And it is hereby enacted that all Acts or parts of Acts that are in
any way in conflict with the above are hereby repealed, so far as they
may a])ply to the distillation of brand}' from grapes.
^]^i^K:^rT)ix B.
Sam. Brannan's brandy and port wine, manufactured at Calistoga,
Napa County.
The brandy has been analyzed by C. Tazeal, Professor of Chemistry
ill the Santa Clara CoHege, January twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred
and sevent}', with the following results :
The brandy is from grapes It is of fidl standard strength. It is free
from all deleterious substances. It may Ix' recommended for me(iicinal
purposes.
The port wine is of a very superior quality, and can be recommended
for ireneral use.
A.F»PE]SrDIX C.
Schell, Krause & Co., Ked Mountain Vine3'ard, situate near Knight's
Feriy, in the County of Stanislaus, thirty-eight miles east of Stockton
This vineyard is situated in the foot-hills, on Littlejohn's Creek, that
flanks Table Mountain on the west for ncarl}- fifteen miles. The country
in and around there is volcanic in its origin. The soil is of a diversified
character, having been brought down and deposited by the waters of
said creek during its high stages, and is composed of scoria, decomposed
lava, iron rock and alluvial soil, intermixed with clay.
The vineyard contains fifty-six thousand vines, var^Mng from one to
eight years old, about six thousand of which were set out last year, and
are of foreign variety, such as Muscats, Black Hamburg, Reine de Niece
(by some called Flaming Tokay), Malaga and Black Prince. These are
intended for table grape.
RED WINE.
The red wine is made from the California or Mission grape. The
grapes are permitted to get ver}' ripe on the vine before gathering. The}'
are then gathered in boxes, and carried to the crushing room, which is
in the upper story of the building, run through the crusher, fall upon a
screen, where the stems are separated from the pulp, through which it
passes into a tank, holding about six hundred gallons, situated on the
second floor, where it is permitted to ferment about fourteen days; then
the wine is drawn off" into casks in the cellar below, and the pumice is
subjected to a powerful screw press. It remains undisturbed in the casks
until about the twenty-fifth of December or first of February, depend-
ing on circumstances, when it is racked off" into clean casks. The sherry
is made from the purest juice of the grape, before it is colored from the
skin of the grape, and is fermented in oak casks in the cellar, where the
temperature never exceeds seventy degrees Fahrenheit; but our opinion
is, a higher temperature for the sherry would be better.
The brandy is made from the grape pumice and lees of the wine, the
latter making the best brandy, as it contains more of the oil of cognac.
Three condensers are used in connection with the still, for separating
the impurities from the brandy, such as fusil oil and "ground taste," as
it is often called; after which it is made to pass through a column of
11
charcoal, nine feet high. In the course of two or three years, it becomes
ver}' fine brandy, pronounced by good judges equal to the best imported
article.
The cellar or wine building is forty-four by sixty-four, and is of stone.
Twenty-four by fortj'-four is two and one-half stories high. The cellar
is sixteen feet high in the clear.
The committee is of the opinion that the sherry is of a very superior
quality ; also the port. The brandy is also very fine, and will bear com-
parison with the French brandy.
^PP^ENDIX 3D.
Office of 1 Landsbergf.r & Co., ~)
423 and 429 Jackson street, [
San Francisco, March 28(1, 1^70. )
Hov. C. Mo day :
Dear Sir : In answer to some inquiries that were made at the Capitol
last week, concerning our champagne and Riesling wines, 1 believe the
following will be found to cover the premises:
The champagne Avine was made from white wine of the vintage of
eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, grown in Sonoma Valley b}' Mr. A. K.
Ilaraszthy. The grapes used in its manufacture were a combination of
the Kiesling, the Chasselas, the Gutedel and a few White Frontignans,
and about one half of the Mission grape. The combination, though
occurring almost accidentally, has been found to bring out the individual
perfections of these different grapes, and produce th» harmonious whole
which was submitted to the committee.
The soil is of a dai'k color, mixed with gravel; it is very thin, poor
in character, and seldom more than two and a half feet deep.
The manner of cultivation is that introduced by Col. Ilai-aszthy, that
is, b}' layers. The vines were origiually eight feet apart in every direc-
tion, but, by means of layers, thoy were brought to be four feet in one
way while the other distance of eight feet was retained. It is found, by
actual ejrperimnif, that this manner produces more gi'apes to the acre, and
ripens them more evenly, and produces larger and more perfect berries.
The ))runing is the same as is followed all over the State.
After the first fermentation has ceased, the wine is removed from
Sonoma to our vaults in San Francisco. Here it is allowed to remain
until about the first of Januar}-, when we rack it from its lees intoother
clean casks, and we then fine it with fish sounds properly cured. When
clear, we ascertain, by proper analysis, the exact countenance of abso-
lute alcohol, and the exact amount of sugar.
Knowing these, we proceed to add the neccssar}- amount of rock candy ;
this alone producing, through fermentation, the sparkling quality. The
wine is then bottled, coiked and wii-ed, after which it is removed to tiie
fermenting room. It is iiere, under a temperature of about seventy
m
(le<;rt'OR Fahrenheit, that it becomes sparkling wine. The rest of the
process, so often detailed by our difierent papers, I need not describe; it
is one of constant care, and is attended with much manual labor. Tho
loss by breakage throughout the process, which lasts about four months,
we put down at ten per cent., and the loss by disgorging, at fifteen per
cent. more. These losses are almost unavoidable, and we consider the
above moderate. If the consumers did not insist upon having the wine
sparkle mure than the French importations, we could have much lees
l)reakage. We have another variety of champagne, made from the
White xMuscat of Frontignan. This has each year been bought up by
entire lots, by houses in the East, where it has a great reputation.
RIESLING.
This wine is made from the green lliesling grape, which, by some, is
called the Johannisberg Riesling It is a very good ordinary bearer, if
jjruned as is done in Germany, that is, leaving each year one or two
branches of old wood to bear on ; these branches should each have from
eight to ten eyes. The vines should also be planted close together, say
four by five feet, allowing just space enough to allow a ])lough to pass.
The sample sent the committee was not wholly Riesling, though the
greater part was. The wine contained a slight proportion of Chaeselas
and Mission grape. The wine is a combination, from wines made from
one vinej'ard in Stockton and three vineyards in Sonoma.
The soils upon which they were grown are all similar — red, gravelly.
poor in character, but heavily charged with oxyde of iron.
Respectfully, yours,
I. LANDSBERGER & CO,
PETITIOISr
ITabies' protection an^ J^elief ^otietg,
SAN FEANCISCO,
TO THE LEaiSLATURE.
D. W. GEL WICKS, STATE PRINTER.
PETITION.
To the Honorahle Senate and ARsemhlij of the State of California:
The undersigned, Board of Managers, respectfully praj^ your honora-
ble body to grant them an appropriation of thirty thousand dollars, to
enable them to meet the pressing calls upon them for the support of
destitute children and indigent women, who are constantly coming to
them from California and from all the Pacific States and Territories.
Five friendless women and one hundred and seventy-eight children are
now provided for beneath the sheltering roof of the " Home."
There is a debt of five thousand dollars, which has been incurred in
erecting an addition to the orij^inal buildings of the institution. This is
now full, and a further addition is required, which will cost twenty
thousand dollars more. The income received from the donations of be-
nevolent individuals, and from monthly and annual subscriptions, is
found inadequate to meet the large and increasing demands upon the
resources of the society, and while ihej gratefully acknowledge the lib-
erality of the Legislature in times past, they desire to present briefly to
your honorable body their reasons for asking once more the exercise of
that same benevolent generosity which has placed them already under
80 great obligations. When the last appropriation was made by the
Legislature, at its last session, there were but one hundred and fifteen
children at the Home, and the appropriation was nine thousand five
hundred dollars.
The number of destitute children who are not orphans, but in manj^
cases worse than orphans, is increasing in California, in a ratio even
greater in proportion than the population They enter the "Home"
in every phase of destitution and suffering of which humanity is capa-
ble. They are not confined to any nationality, class or religion, and
they are received, fed, clothed, and also instructed in the rudiments of a
common Engli.sh education. The pauper and poor-house systems, which
are established in the Eastern States, do not exist in California. Our
institutions afford but a limited substitute for the liberal and well
ordered " Homes," which are there provided for the destitute, in the
siiape of " Poor Farms " and " Houses of Refuge."
California, on the other hand, relies upon a few voluntary establish-
ments like this. The contributions of charitable individuals, although
Ihcy ^o far to relieve want, are found inadequate to supply what is
actually needed, and hence this application to the Legislature.
We respeclfully request that your honorable body will appoint some
committee to visit this institution and examine for themselves into the
manner in which the bounty of the State has been expended heretofore,
and also inspect carefully every department of the establishment, in
order that the}'' may inform you, better than we can do, in this petition, of
the reasons why the appropriation here sought should be made. Wo
also beg leave to refer to the annual reports of Secretaries and Treas-
urer, for the last two years, appended hereto, and trust that you may find,
after due examination, good reasons for granting a liberal appropriation
for a charity so mucli demanded by the public interest. And, as in duty
bound, will ever pray.
Mrs N. GRAY, President.
Mrs. A. G. STILES, Vice President.
Mrs. G. BAESTOW, Recording Secretary.
Mrs. S. C. BLTGBEE, Corresponding Secretary.
Mrs. J. H. FLINT, Treasurer.
MANAGERS :
Mrs. J. ARCHBALD, Mrs J. P. GOODWIN,
Mrs. J. H. APPLEGATE, Mrs. T. HILL,
Mrs. E. BURKE, Mrs. C JACKSON,
Mrs. F. CONRO, Mrs. C. PALMER,
Mrs. C. CLAYTON, . Mrs. Dr. OBER,
Mrs. A. COFFIN, Mrs. M. PARKER,
Mrs. A. DAM, Mrs. W. STRINGER,
Mrs. H. DODGE, Mrs. S. B. STODDARD,
Mrs. M. C. FESSENDEN, Mrs. J. W. STOWE,
Mrs. Dr. SOULE.
FIFTEENTH /ND SIXTEETNII AMUAL REPORTS
SAN FRANCISCO LADIES' PROTECTION
RELIEF SOCIETY.
BOARD OF OFFICERS FOR 1868.
PnEsinnxT MRS. NATHANIEL GRAY.
ViCK President MRS. A. G. STII45S.
Recording Secretauy MISS M. C. FESSENDEN.
COURE.SPONDING SECRETARY MRS. S. C. BUGBEE.
Treasurer MRS. JANE H. FLINT.
MANAGERS.
MRS. JOHN ARCIIBALD,
MRS. T. P. BEVANS,
MRS. E. BURKE,
MRS. A. COFFIN,
MRS. D. CONY,
MRS. F. D. CONRO,
MRS. J. W. COX,
MRS. A. DAM,
MRS. J. HOOPER,
MRS. L. C. MAYER,
MRS. DR. OBKR,
MRS. C. PALMER,
MRS. M. PARKER,
MRS. N. P. PERINE,
MRS. J. REYNOLDS,
MRS. W. STRINGER,
MRS. S. B. STODDARD,
MISS TICHENOR.
J. W. STOW,
R. B. SWAIN,
TEUSTEES.
J. B. ROBERTS,
G. W. DAM,
JOHN ARCHBALD.
S. C.BUGBEE,
NATHANIEL GRAY,
BOARD OF OFFICERS FOR 1869.
President MRS. NATHANIEL GRAY.
Vice President MRS. A. G. STILES.
Recording Secretary MRS. ^EORGE BARSTOW.
Corresponding Secretary MRS. S. C. BUGBEE.
Treasurer MRS. JANE H. FLINT,
MANAGERS.
MRS. J. H. APPLEGATE,
MRS. JOHN ARCIIBALD,
MRS. COL. BABBITT,
MRS. T. P. BEVANS,
MRS. E. BURKE,
MRS. A. COFFIN,
MRS. F. D. CONRO,
MRS. A. DAM,
MRS. J. P. GOODWIN,
MRS. WARREN HOLT,
MRS. CYRUS PALMER,
MRS. M. PARKER,
MRS. J. P. PIERCE,
MRS. N. P. PERINE,
MRS. W. J. STRINGER,
MRS. S. B. STODDARD,
MRS. A. G. SOULE,
MRS. J. W. STOW.
TRUSTEES.
President J. W. STOW.
Secretary R. B. SWAIN.
G. W. DAM, JOHN ARCHBALD. J. B. ROBERTS.
S. C. BUGBEK, NATHANIEL GRAY.
Matron MRS. ANABLE.
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
The records of fifteen years of the work of the San Francisco Ladies'
Proteciion and Jlelicf Society have been closed.
We humbly offer most hearty thanksgiving and praise to our heavenly
Father, when we recall the matiitbld providences vvliich have attended
us from the beginning. His gracious care has ever surrounded us; to
His blessing alone would we ascribe the measure of success which has
attended our efforts. The society stands forth to-day among the most
efficient as well as among the oldest of the many noble charities of Saa
Francisco. At the time of our last annual meeting, the nuniber of chil-
dren at the Home was one hundred and fifteen ; admitted during the
year, one hundred and twenty-five and eight women ; making a total of
two hundred and forty-eight who have for a longer or shorter period
received the care of the society and shared in the benefits of the Home.
The nun^ber at present is one hundred and twenty-three, filling the
institution to its utmost capacity.
The great majority of our beneficiaries are children. Some have only
one parent living, prevented by ill health or other misfortune from pro-
viding for them, though glad to do so if possible. In some cases the
society is aided in the support required by some mother or relative, who
gives all she can spare from earnings only too scanty for herself
The Managers continue to pursue the policy of procuring good homes
in the country for all children given entirely to the care of the society,
whenever it is possible. The instances are frequent of the most grati-
fying accounts being received from those thus placed, both as to their
improvement and happ}^ conditior). The Managers ever keep in mind
in their work what has so often been dwelt upon m these annual reports,
that their object is to help the needy and deserving; to seek out all such
cases, and afford relief for pressing wants with one hand while with the
other the bencficiury is led to renewed efforts to provide for self support;
to minister in sickness and misfortune till returning strength shall give
ability to go forth and labor; to suffer none to feel they can live on
charity when it is possible to etirn their daily bread; to siinuilate to
effort, to cheer and encourage those desponding, and to provide for
that class of helpless childhood and nifancy excluded from the Orphan
Asylum, because they have parents living— perhaps more unfortunate
than orphans.
Various causes have rendered the past year one of peculiar care and
anxiety to the Managers. Prominent among these has been an unusual
amount of sickness. Eleven of the little ones have died. It should be
stated, in this connection, that many received into the institution have
been laboring under disease before, and came to our care with impaired
constitutions and in a delicate state of health. Illness is no more prev-
alent among the inmates who are well when admitted than in the city
at large.
8
The expenses of the society are constantly increasin£r from year to
year. Besides those consequent on an additional number of beneficia-
ries, advanced cost of all articles of food and clothintr, necessary outlays,
buildings, repairs, etc., the society has been compelled to make heavy
expenditures in grading streets, and in other public improvements con-
sequent on the raj)id growth of the city in the direction of their prop-
erty, while for the present, and ])robably for some 3''ears, their property
must remain wholly unproductive.
It is proper to state, that except the annual appropriation by the State
Legislature, which goes but little way towards paying our expenses, the
institution derives all its support irom the generous citizens of San
Francisco, while our beneficiaries come from every part of the State,
and embrace almost every nalionalitj'.
The sources of income have been as follows : From annual, honorary
and life members; from collections in some of the churches; from vol-
untary donations ; from State appropriations, and from monthly sub-
scriptions— this was at first a very considerable source of income. In
the changes which have taken place, many have discontinued and others
contribute smaller amounts. No doubt a thorough canvassing of the
business portions of the city would bring the income from this source to
a point beyond what it has ever been. The Secretary begs to refer to
the Treasurer's reports, annexed, for a full exhibit of the receipts and
disbursements of the society.
The Managers for several months have been unable to receive all the
deserving applicants for admission to the Home, for the want of room.
Under these circumstances, they determined to erect the central build-
ing of the original plan. The work was commenced in August. The
building is of brick, fifty-four feet by fifty-four feet, two stories and
basement, with Mansard roof corresponding and connecting with the
present building. It will cost, probabh', seventeen thousand dollars,
and will be completed in October.
The balance of one thousand one hundred and twenty-four dollars in
the Treasurer's hands (see report of J. B. Koberts, Treasurer of the
Board of Trustees, annexed), together with some accumulations of inter-
est, and further payments upon the last State appropriation, which it is
hoped can be spared to aid in the erection of the new building, will
make a total of about three thousand dollars available for that purpose.
Under the most favorable circumstances, it seems that a debt will be
left, after the completion of the building, of eight thousand dollars or
nine thousand dollars, which it will be necessary to ])rovide for at once,
if the friends and patrons oi the institution would place it in a condition
for the most effective work.
Acknowledgments are specially due to Mr. S. C. Harding, for valuable
services rendered in collecting money, provisions, groceries, etc., from
our generous merchants, and delivering them at the Home; to Doctors
Mouser and Holman, for gratuitous attendance upon the sick; to the
press, for friendly notices and appeals in behalf of our cause.
We return sincere thanks to many friends, who often, unsolicited,
have sent donati(nis of money, clothing, etc., and ever manifested a
lively interest in the growth and j)ios])erity of the institution. We enter
upon another year with an exhausted treasury. With more urgent calls,
and greater facilities for usefulness, the query arises with painful inter-
est : Will ample means be supplied '(
MISS M. C. FESSEDEN,
Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT,
For the year ending September bth, 18G8.
RECEIPTS.
Balance on hand September llth, 1807
Dues from members
Monthl}', quarterly and yearly subscriptions
Life memberships and contributions for particular inmates
Church collections, dividends from San Francisco Savings
Union and small sundries
State appro]iriations
Donations, including collection by S. C. Harding
Total
DISBURSEMENTS.
Butchers' bills $1,183 57
Groceries 903 77
Vegetables and fruit 821 20
Flour, 98 barrels, meal and cracked wheat 912 22
Milk bill, cows and feed for ditto 608 92
Total for food $1,429 68
Clothing and shoes 856 90
Furniture, crockery and hardware 485 68
Fuel, coal, wood and coke 480 20
Salaries and wages 2,761 85
Water bills 120 00
School books, stationeiy, printing, etc 339 04
Insurance, two years, medicine and small sun-
dries 508 54
Total current expenses of Home
Outdoor relief $112 70
New barn and repairs on building 2,045 21
Grading streets and lot, and sidewalks 1,149 66
Total of disbursements
Showing a balance this date of
$79 43
380 00
1,439 10
4,362 97
90S 20
3,375 00
2,753 37
$13,298 07
),981 89
3,307 57
§13,289 46
$8 61
MRS. JANE H. FLINT, Treasurer.
San Francisco, September 9th, 1868.
2
10
TREASUllP:il'S KEPOKT,
For the , ear ending September Sth, 1869.
RECEIPTS.
Balance on hand September 5th, 1868
Dues from niemliors and life membership?
Monthlj', quarterl}- and yearly subscriptiona
Contributions for particular inmates
(yhurch collections and benefit from Mechanics' Institute...
Public collection b}^ Samuel C. Harding
Donations
State apj)ropriation8 and ground rent
Dividends from San P""rancisco Savings Union, grand jury
fines and small sundries.
Total.
DISBURSEMENTS.
For food, naraelj^ groceries $1,447 91
P'lour, 127 barrels 766 50
Vegetables and fruit. 709 24
Butchers' bills 1,513 09
Meal and cracked wheat 138 00
Potatoes 558 53
Milk, cow and cow feed 672 17
Total
Furniture, namely, beds, bedding, etc 31,316 94
School-room blinds 160 00
School desks and seats 433 56
Total
Salaries and wages
Fuel, 44 tons of coal and 12 cords of wood
Clothing, including hats and shoes
Repairs on house and streets, nameU^, plumb-
ers', whitewashcrs' and carpenters' bills §469 24
Grading and inacadamizing 320 79
Total
Insurance 8238 85
Water
Taxes
School books, stationery, etc
Total
110 00
617 32
246 17
$8 61
705 00
1,759 80
4.823 72
1,590 65
1.502 50
1,695 50
3,080 05
207 60
S15,373 43
$5,805 44
1.910 44
3.293 25
703 56
L611 19
796 08
1,212 34
$15,332 25
11
Treasurer's Report — Continued.
Total amount of receipts
Total amount of dibursements
Showincr balance on hand.
a5,373 43
15,332 25
S41 18
Mils. JA^'E H. FLINT, Treasurer.
San Francisco, September 8th, 1869.
MRS. ALEX. COFFIN,
MRS. A. G. SOULE,
Auditing Conamittee.
REPORTS OF THE TREASURER
Of the Board of Trustees of the San Francisco Ladies' Protection and Relief
Society, from September 12th, 1867, to September 9th, 18G8.
1867.
Sept. 12..
Oct. 19...
Dec. 31...
1868.
Jan. 18...
1867.
Oct. 19...
1868.
Jan. 1....
Mayl....
Aug. 1...
Aug. 8...
Aug. 8...
Aug. 15..
Sept. 1...
RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand
Received from State of California
Received frona State of California
Received from State of California
Total
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid Ladies' Treasurer
Paid Ladies' Treasurer
Paid Ladies' Treasurer
Paid on account of new building..
Paid on account of new building..
Paid on account of new building..
Paid on account of new building..
Paid on account of new building..
Balance on hand
$7,924 40
1,125 00
1,125 00
1,125 OO
Sll,299 40
§1,125 00
1,125
00
1,125
00
500
00
300
00
1,000
00
2,000
00
3,000
00
1,124 40
Sll,299 40
JAMBS B. ROBERTS, Treasurer.
San Francisco, September 9th, 1868.
12
For the year commenriag September dth, 1868, a7id ending September Sth, 1869.
186S.
Sept. 9...
Oct 7...
Oct. 7...
Oct. 7 ...
Oct. 7....
Oct. 7....
Oct 19...
Nov. 6...
Dec. 5...
Dec. 26...
1869.
Jan. 4....
Jan. 4....
Jan. 19...
Feb. 6...
April 12.
July 12..
1868.
Oct. 1....
Oct. 9....
Oct. 19...
Nov. 6...
Nov. 6...
Dec. 31...
1869.
Jan. 2....
Jan. 4....
Jan. 4....
Jan. 4....
Jan. 8....
Jan. 16 ..
Jan. 20...
Feb. 6...
April 12.
April 12.
April 12.
April 12.
April 19.
July 12..
July 12..
RECEIPTS.
Cash
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
Rece
on hand
ved from P. Sather
ved from Mrs. D. Frazier
ved from S. F. S, U. dividend of Dec. Slst, 1867
ved from S. F. S. U. dividend of Jun. 30th, 1868
ved from Ladies' Treasurer
ved from State of California
ved from bills payable .,
ved from lease of property, on account
ved from State of California
ved from bills payable
ved from collection in Calvary Church.
ved from Slate of California
ved from bills payable
ved from State of California
ved from State of California
Total ,
DISBURSEMENTS.
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
d on account of new buildit)g.
d on account of new building.
d Ladies' Treasurer
d on account of new building.
d stamps on note ,
d on account of new building.
on account of new building
bills payable
interest on above
stamps on note
on account of new building
on account of new building
on account of new building
on account of new building
bills payable
interest on above
interest on loan of $5,000, 3 months.
Ladies' Treasurer
Clerk's fees in suit
interest on loan of §.5,000, 3 months.
Ladies' Treasurer ,
SI, 124 40
100 00
20 00
401 30
477 95
1.241 75
1,125 00
3,5ti0 00
200 00
1,187 50
5,000 00
367 50
1,187 50
690 00
1,187 50
1,187 50
§19.117 90
■3,000 00
1,480 00
1,125 00
2.500 00
1 35
73 50
1,665 90
H,560 00
71 20
1 90
1,000 00
1,000 00
574 05
690 00
690 00
14 95
150 00
332 5.-)
15 00
150 00
1.022 50
$19,117 90
JAMES B. ROBERTS, Treasurer.
San Francisco, September 8tb, 1869,
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
Sevcnteeu years ago the Ladies' Protection and Relief Society com-
menced its work of love and mercy in San Francisco. During that
period the citj-, which was then but a handful, has grown to a popula-
tion of a hundred and fifty thousand. By the indomitable energy of its
people it has attained a degree of commercial prosperity which excites
the wonder of the world. This society has advanced with the onward
march of the city. Annually it has rendered to its patrons an account
of its stewardship, and told them how it has dispensed their bounties —
and constantly looking to the Kather of Mercies to bless its endeavors,
it has continued its work to this hour. But with the increase of popu-
lation and commercial greatness has come an increase of all the sadden-
ing causes which throw helpless children and destitute women upon the
charities of the world. Noble and liberal as its helpers have been, and
none were ever more so, still larger have been its needs, and now it
stands with an almost empty treasury, while it is full to overflowing
with the children of want, and more are waiting to come.
CAUSES OF DESTITUTION.
The causes which bring them are as varied as the disasters and vicis-
situdes of human life. Some are deserted by .'in abandoned mother, or
a vagabond father, and are outcasts. Some come by sudden sickness of
parents, the death of a father or mother in poverty, rash speculation,
the gaming table or the curse of drunkenness. And thus the little mari-
ners have come to us, shipwrecked, from all the storms of life — and there
are one hundred and sevcnt} -three of them in the Home to-day. There
is a necessity to explain more fully the dispensation made of your
bounty than in that sister charity, the Orphan Asylum. The name of
orphan is a key to every heart. But there are sorrows more compli-
cated, and helplessness as complete, and destitution as bitter as theirs.
A dead father is better than one who is a drunkard or a vagabond, or
the inmate of a prison. The Home is open, also, to infirm and destitute
women ; three of these, including one very aged Scotch lady, are shel-
tered there at the present time. The reason for having so few adults
is, that it is the policy of the Managers to extend aid only temporarily
to adults, when they arc overwhelmed b}' sudden misfortune, and are in
actual destitution ; but as soon as they are able to help themselves they
are exj^ected to leave, and make room for others requiring the same aid.
BOARDERS.
Among the inmates there is a small number whose board is paid by
friends, or a surviving parent; and the}^ are kept at the Home and
their board paid, because it is thought to be a better place for the chil-
dren than can be found elsewhere. Others, whose friends are less able,
14
pay a part of their board, and Ibe money thus realized is expended for
those more destitute.
THE THREE WANDERERS.
Among the children are three who were deserted and thrown out into
the street, and became wanderers. They were allowed by a kind,
noble-beartef' woman, who kept a fruit stand for a livelihood, to come
to her and get their food. They elept amongst wood piles, and became
so incrusted with filth as to repulse all but the most benevolent hearts.
Cleaned and clothed, fed and sheltered in the Home, the}' have become
so changed as hardly to be recognized by those who knew them in their
squalor and rags. Such as these come to us, unconscious victims of the
vices and crimes of society.
THE MICHIGAN FAMILY.
Take the Michigan family as a type of the distressing circumstances
which sometimes overtake strangers. They were residents of Detroit,
and resolved to move to California; so the}' sold all that they had to
get the means of removing. The father started in advance of the wife
and children, but left them provided with steamer tickets and soon to
follow him. He was robbed at Greytown, and died on his arrival here.
Before the mother left Michigan one child died, but, like a true wife, she
resolved to follow her husband, and arrived here only to find him dead
and herself p nniless, with two little children. They were brought to
the Home, and she made herself so useful in the nursery that she was
made perracnent nurse, and now twenl}- little motherless children gather
round the bereaved woman as if they were her own.
THE AUSTRALIANS.
One case more, of an Australian family. A man from Australia
arrived in San Francisco with five children. The mother had died sud-
denly before they embarked. He placed his children a4 the Home, and
went fortli among strangers to seek emplo3-ment, and often came to see
them. At last he failed to visit them at the accustomed time. His dis-
appearance was looked into, and it was found that he had died at the
pest house, a victim to small-pox. The children have been adopted, one
after the other, in good homes, and to all appearances are growing up
to be useful men and women.
THE RUINED MERCHANT.
Our records furnish another case, by no means exceptional in a com-
mercial city. A merchant, once affluent and influential, failed, through
extravagance and folly. His children were brought to the Home. Taken
from an atmosphere of reckless indulgence, they have been transplanted,
by adoption, into homes of virtue and industry, and bid fair to retrieve
more than their father lost.
But it is not necessary to particularize further the causes which fill the
Home. They arise out of the common, every day, grinding sorrows of life,
which overpower and crush human nature. And where shall the vic-
tims go? There are no established and endowed houses of refuge for
them here, as in the older States, or Government a.syluins, as in Europe.
Shall they be left to perish ? They are of many nationalities, for the
15
charities of the society are not hounded by nationality or hemmed in
by the nan-o\v limits of creed. Being children of the 8aine Heavenly
Father, and in need, they are welcomed without any invidious exception.
DISCIPLINE.
Good discipline in the household is maintained by kindly holding a
Stead}- rein, wiihout harshness, and without resorting to cruel or unusual
punishments.
INSTRUCTION.
The instruction and discipline in the school are of such a character as
to excite their moral virtue|, and make them better, while they give
them intelligence enough t(Miid them in the launch into life. VVe aim
to make the Home such, in all its workings, that instead of being to
theni a reproach, something in their lives wiiich they should wish to
conceal, it shall be, on the contrary, a recommendation to them and a
ground of self respect, that they have been in so benign an institution;
that it shall be to them an indorsement, and not a brand. In the school
they are taught reading, spelling, penmanship, arithnietic and geogra-
phy. The girls are also taught sewing, and tliey work about the house
so as practically to learn good housekeeping, including neatness and
econom\^
DAILY ROUTINE.
If the people of 8an Francisco could look in upon these ciiildren of
the public at dinner time, with their tin cups and common ])lates, and
in their plain attire, eating at plain tables — if the)- could see them at
their home, fed with simple, wholesome, nutritious food, not one laggard
appetite amongst them, as they march in and file off to tlieir appointed
places at the table — if they could look in upon their school room, the
boys on one side and the girls on tlie other, like the old-fashioned coun-
try schools of New England — if they could see them march from the
school room to the door that o])ens upon the playground, when with
one merry shout they break away into joyous, happ3^ healthy sport —
if they could see the girls busy at their housework, and the older boys
at outdoor work, and all being fitted for useful men and women — if they
could read the mottoes upon the walls, "Always tell the truth," ''Dare
to do right," "Never too late to mend," "A fault confessed is half
redressed," "Find a way or make a way" — if the people would only
examine and see how all is done at this Home, surely' the citizens of
San Francisco, who have so often contributed money heretofore, vvould
continue their aid to the children, and, in a spirit of adoption, proudly
call them the " children of the public."
Our statistics may be summed up thus : Remaining from last j'car,
one hundred and tvi-entj^-three ; received during the 3'ear, one hundred
and sixty-four; dismissed from tlie Home, one hundred and ten; death,
one; now in the Home, one hundred and seventy-six — consisting of
three adults and one hundred and seventy-three children.
WHAT BECOMES OF THEM.
And this leads me to speak of w-hat becomes of them. They are of
tender ages, ranging from eighteen months to twelve years. Most of
them, when they leave, are adopted by families, chiefly married persons
who have no children of their own. The boys who have reached the
16
age of twelve years, without liaving been adopted or withdrawn by their
friends, are then put out to farmers, to be brought up to a life of agri-
culture, with the advantage of a good common school education. The
power to do this is given to the society by law, with power to make a
legal contract in every case, binding upon both parties, care being taken
to secure places where their treatment will be parental, and to find out
afterward if it be so. We receive from time to time the most gratifying
assurances of their good conduct and happiness. In that wa}' the bene-
ficiaries of this institution are scattered throughout the Pacific States,
although the larger portion are to be found in California, in the Coun-
ties of Alameda, San Mateo, Marin, Santa Clara, Monterey, Sonoma,
Solano and Napa.
The kind of families selected for girls t(||be placed in, aro honest, kind
people, where they will be under good influences, and brought up to honor
industry by the practice of it. In most cases they become as their own
children, so much so that if there becomes a necessity, from any cause,
to sever the relation, it is like the parting of parent and child. Thus,
every month, some are coming and some are leaving, and the process is
coDstantl}' going on. They come to us in every form of destitution;
they go forth restored, made comfortable, and, unless we are deceived,
to a good destination.
Some of the boys show signs of mecJiunical genius, and some evince a
talent for drawing. Without instruction, one little fellow drew the
figure of a locomotive, and another of a woman hailing a street car.
But as yet we have found no way in which such can learn trades,
although there might be one of the number having the genius of a Watt,
or a Fulton, or a Morse. Thus man}^ a boy may fail of tlie destin}^
nature intended for him. Many a skilful manufacturer or great inventor
is lost to the State, and, as an individual, the boy becomes le.-s useful to
himself and less successful in after life.
WHAT MONEY IS WANTED FOR NOW.
What we want money for now is to buy food and «lothing. There
are so many mouths to fill that we require from twelve to fifteen barrels
of flour per month, one sack of potatoes per day, and, in i)roportion,
other garden vegetables. Are there no generous farmers who, if the
crops are abundant, will send us sacks of wheat and potatoes fi-om the
agricultural counties ? We receive destitute women and children from
auy and every county, if the3' apply. And the gardeners, whose fine
vegetables appear every morning in our markets, have they no beans,
carrots, parsnips or cabbages, for the home of the homeless ones? If
every gai'doner who is able would send us something, the aggregate
would be great, or if one farmer in five would send us a sack of wheat
or flour, or meal, or cracked wheat, or some hay for the cows which we
keep, it would aid us materially in this trying time. The address is
^' Home of the Ladies' Protection and Relief Society, corner of Post and
Franklin streets." We shall be glad to know the county, ranch, or gar-
den, from which the donation comes, and the name of the donor.
THE BUILDING.
The building is a plain, large structure, standing on a commanding
eminence, overlooking all the southern portion of the city. The centre
and one wing are up, leaving the other wing unbuilt. It contains now
17
fifty rooms, and with the exception of a few necessarily devoted to gen-
eral uses, ever}' available foot of space is occupied with beds for the
children. It is not an institution struggling to get into existence, but to
continue its life. It has been partially endowed by the generosity of
some noble citizens. Our merchants, bankers, and professional men — in-
deed, all classes and occupations — have contributed generousl}' when we
have appealed to them. Some are monthly contributors, thus steadily
manifesting their philanthropy by their aid. They give quietly, without
Ostentation, but their names are well known at the Home, and are kept
in grateful remembrance.
THE DEBT.
A debt is a threatening cloud over any homo, and it is the same over
this Home of the Homeless. By the wise foresight of the Hon. Horace
Hawes, who gave the institution all its valuable lands in perpetuit}', it
was provided, as a condition of the gift, that no mortgage, or burdensome
lien, should be put upon it, and that none of it should be sold for many
years to come, thus insuring the propert}' against being improvidently
encumbered or squandered in the infancy of the society, before it had
become strong enough to stand alone. Thus by his thoughtful philan-
thropy, a society which has so great a future has no way to raise money
on its property now, and it owes a debt of five thousand dollars. But it
has its fine building, four stories in height, the centre portion fifty feet
square, and the wing forty-eight by eighty-one feet. To support its
children and destitute women it relies upon voluntary contributions, a
snxall income from the land, and appropriations from the Legislature,
which has again and again laid claim to our gratitude, and the grat-
itude of hundreds of young hearts, made glad by the bounty of the
State. The unwearied Samuel C. Harding has annually established his
claim to our thanks, by the contributions which he has obtained, and
sometimes when they were sorely needed, and no other help was near.
Also, we are under obligations to Dr. Holman and Dr. Mouser, for pro-
fessional'Services gratuitously rendered.
HELP NEEDED.
To-day there are but forty dollars in the treasury, and the bills of the
last month remain unpaid. To San Francisco's generous people, who
have never been appealed to isi vain, another appeal must be made.
How great, how rich, how strong the city stands by the sea! Will it
not attend to the cause of the weak ? Will those who have homes remem-
ber those who have none ? Will San Francisco go marching on to grasp
the commerce of Asia, while behind her chariot the wail of want is heard ?
Will California, whose praises are upon the tongues of visitors from afar,
and strangers from the ends of the earth — will California refuse an ap-
peal for aid to little children, for whom our laws and institutions provide
no resource? Shall it be said that in a State whose glorious vintage and
yellow harvests now adorning the landscape, challenge the admiration
of the world, there can bo found women unsheltered, and children who
ask for food and are not fed? Shall the cry of want be heard rising
higher than the grain elevators, while the destitute look out and see great
ships go forth laden with wheat to other lands, so that it seems to them
as if the genius of Abundance were departing, and the genius of Want
were staying at home ?
3 MRS. GEORGE BARSTOW, Secretary.
18
DONATIONS.
W. C. I^alston 8500
Cuttinjr & Co oOO
Tbomn's Hill L^OO
DeWitt. Kittle & Co 200
Main & WiiiclieHter 125.
George C. Johnson 120
Conroy & O'Connor 110
B. C.Horn & Co 110
Nathaniel Gray.. 100
John Archbald lUO
A.J. Pope 100
Mrs. Samuel C. Harding 100
J. Friedlander 100
H. M. Newhall & Co 100
C. Adolpe Low 70
Harry East (50
Anson G. Stiles 60
James de Fremery 55
James Laidle}- 50
Robert C Johnson 50
Jacob Underbill & Co 50
Locke k Montague 50
George Howes & Co 50
Williams & Blanchard 50
Mrs. P. Sather 50
Manasseh S. Whiting 50
1. O. O. F 1 50
E. B. Swain 50
Mayer & Martin 40
Treadwell & Co 35
Through Mrs. J W. Dwinell. 30
Eichard Patrick 25
Eisdon & Co 25
E. A. Swain tV Co 25
William Burling 25
J. W. Brition & Co 25
Eeddington. Hostetter&Co 25
Mrs. H. C. Lee 25
R. F. Perkins 25
Mrs. Gaskell 25
Jury in Sill vs. Reese 20
1. C. Mayer 20
Col. Babbitt 20
Charles Pace 20
Thomas P. Bevans 20
Mrs. M. Parker 20
Mrs Tallant 20
Hatch &Co 20
.(John G. Hodge & Co 20
.'Moore & Co 20
Fireman's Fund Ins. Co 20
.Albert Dibblee 20
* The list of tUeae donors unfortunately
W. II. V.Cronise 20
P^neas Dudgeon 20
A. C. Green '16
G. B. & J. H. Knowles 10
J. S. Doe 10
Mrs. Droll ($13 currency).. 10 00
Mrs. Warren Holt .\... 10 00
W. F. Babcock 10 00
G. W Beaver 10 00
Mrs. J. J. Pierce 10 00"
L. A. Booth 10 00
Wellman, Peck &Co 10 UO
Dodge k Shroule 10 00
Bray & Bros 10 00
Thomas E. Selby 10 00
A. P. Stanford 10 00
J B. Boswell 10 00
J. W. Stow 10 00
Edward P. Flint
William Crigg 10
10
5
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 Louis Shearer.
OOjL. Strauss
00 N. Bachman
00 Kline & Co
OOiHaste & Kirk
00 T. S. Gibbs
N. W. Spaulding
B. G. &H. Wetherbee
S. L. Mastick
William M. Hixon
Mrs. H. B. Tichenor '...
L Sachs A
Mr. Kerp
Mrs. E. B.Gray
J. B. Arthur
J. Lawrence Pool
Nathaniel Page
C. V. S. Gibbs
Worraser Bros
N. D. Townsend
Captain Callings
Left with C. Beach
N. Shilling & Co
M. Morgenthau
By S C. Harding in 18(37*..
Mrs. Stringer
Mrs. Haley
Donations without name,
from a friend
Cash..
00
00
00
00
00
10 00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
50
50
20
5
'5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
1,401
69 50
37 50
37 50
82 50
Total 85,543 70
19
DONATIONS IN KIND.
Five pairs of shoes Mrs. Lowe.
One bbl. salmon trout S. Sawyer.
Clothes wringer.. VV. Falkner &Son.
Two lamps Mrs. A. Coffin.
One bedstead. Mrs. Dr Vandeuburgh.
Carpeting and mat. ..Mrs. Dr. Ober.
Four boxes apples, and numerous
other donations at various times
Brocas & Perkins
Fifty bbls. fish. ...Lotus Yacht Club.
Four boxes fruit Robert Haley.
Two dresses An unknown friend.
One clock American Clock Co.
One clock Charles face.
School maps, slates and pencils
Mr. and Mrs. Holt.
Yeast Philadelphia Brewery.
Yeast Empire Brewery.
Two pair boots Mrs. Haley.
Five boxes wine. ..Mr. B. D. Wilson
Florence sewing machine and bab}^
tender Samuel Hill.
Four worsted hoods.. JVIrs. Norcross.
Sixteen curtains Mrs. Babbitt.
829 49 in tinware.. Osgood & Stetson.
One pair boots..Mrs. J udge Campbell.
One dozen chairs Mr. Schreiber.
Five ban-els flour, apples and dried
fruit G. Mitchler.
Seventy-two boxes strawberries
J. P. Pierce.
One bedstead and bedding
Mrs. Blakey.
Fifteen books Mrs. Applegate.
Two baskets pears G. W. Dam.
Two baskets pears N. Gray.
One keg pickles Cutting & Co.
One fender Hiram S. Graves.
One suit of boy's clothes and one
pair of boots Mr^. W. Stringer.
Air tight stove A. Sickler.
Two cords of wood E. Higgins.
One pair of boots Mrs. N. Gray.
Advertising Mr. F. McCrellish.
Call bell Mr. G. Hawley.
Medicine $12 50 J. K. Basford.
Donations of dry goods amounting
to $20 Meagher & Taaffe.
THANKSGIVING DONATIONS.
Twelve turkeys Loup & Co.
Three turkeys Mr. Lawrence.
One barrel pop corn. .Mr. Sylvester.
Forty mince pies
Mrs. C. Palmer and others.
Groceries Mr. James Otis.
One box and can of honey
Bryant & Hatch.
Piece of cheese. .Dolson & Trautman.
Two turkeys Mr. and Mrs. Holt.
Currants and raisins
Weaver & Wooster.
Chickens Hart & Goodman.
Three turkeys Mr. Louderback.
Six turkeys Mr. Moer
Three turkeys .....Mr. Card.
Apples, pears and canned fruit
Mrs. Haley.
Bread Swain's Bakery.
Fifty bottles wine received from City
Missionary Society
" Given by Gen. Bidwell.
Books valued at $150
S. C. Bugbee & Son.
(483 volumes, in oi'der to form the
foundation of a library.)
Clothing from the following ladies :
Mrs. H. C. Lee, Mrs. A. Coffin,
Mrs. J. Hooper, Mrs. Dr. Ober,
etc., etc.
20
COLLECTION OF PROVISIONS,
By Sanmel C. Hardinfj.
Claret French & Gilman.
Pickles and jam Cutting & Co.
Eaisins, rice and bacon..Castle Bros
Codfish and syrup Jones k Co.
Coffee Folgcr & Co.
Soap and yeast powder.Jrving & Co.
Rice Goldstein, Seller & Co.
Hams and lard Wheaton.
Claret John Carroll.
Hams and bacon Coghill & Co.
Hams John Shaw.
Fish, ham and cheese. .Boswell & Co.
Candles and soap Eomstc & Co.
Eacon Jacoby.
Salt Hollida}^ & Brennan.
Flour Charles Clayton.
Eice Wellman Peck.
Peaches, raisins. ..Dodge Bros. & Co.
Eice and yeast powders.. P. J. White
Oil Hayward &Colman.
Soap Austin.
Coal Hollub.
Grapes, etc Dame.
Butter McHenry & Smith.
Peaches, rice, etc.
Fordham & Jennings.
Flour Conro & Co.
Oysters and raisins.
Eoss, Dempster & Co.
Dried fruit Drake & Emerson.
Flour Knapp & Burrill.
Cabbage Kerr & Co.
Potatoes Bassett.
Dried fruit Brocas & Perkins.
Meal.... Wheelan.
Flour Dorman & Wolf.
Beans John Eobbins.
Flour McCann.
Flour J. C. Eaimond.
Flour Davis & William.
Ham Bigley & Bros.
Fish Mitchell ctKeys.
Flour Ham & Co.
Fruit Marshall & Haight.
Flour Campbell & Balch.
Beans Dutard.
Crackers Cadwalder & Co.
Soap, rice, etc Marks & Co.
Brooms, etc Armes & Dallam.
Salt and saleratus Barton.
Crackers Deeth &Co.
Fish Eeed & Sabins.
Groceries..!! em mi nray, Merrill & Co.
Crackers .Chad bourne.
Flour Markley & Green.
Flour Wilson & Seleg.
Groceries John Krouse.
Groceries John Burnap.
Flour Youngworth.
Flour McNear.
Flour Stevens.
Flour Ballad & Hall.
Candles and fish Eggers & Co.
Soap and candles., Levey «& Co.
Flour Davis & Co.
Flour Grosh & Rutherford.
Flour National Mills.
Eeubcn and John Morton, for teams
and personal service to carry the
above. ■
21
ANNUAL MEMBEES.
Mrs. M. R. Gardner, •
Mrs. C. Langley,
Mrs. N. Gray,
Mrs. Captain Eldridge,
Mrs. John Archbald,
Mrs. Jano H. Flint,
Mrs. Lewis Tasheira,
Mrs. H. C. Lee,
Mrs. M. Parker,
Mrs. John Taylor,
Mrs. J. Hooper,
Mrs. Asaph Gray,
Mrs. D. Coney,
Mrs. A. M. Winn,
Mrs. Brings,
Mrs H. Dutton,
Mrs. F. Ogden,
Mrs. Horace Davis,
Mrs. Dr. Mouser,
Mrs. I. P. Eankin,
Mrs. J. P. Goodwin,*
Mrs. D. Martin,
Mrs. A. Walker,
Mrs. A. J. Pope,
Mrs. Lewis Garnett,
Mrs. C. O. Gerberding,
Mrs. W. H. Coddington,
Mrs. Dr. Austin,
Mrs. Dr. W. O. Ayers,
Mrs. G. H. Peck,
Mrs. J. B. Eoberts,
Mrs. T. Day,
Mrs. F. Tuthill,
Mrs. F. W. MacCrellish,
Mrs Dr. McLean,
Mrs. C. M. Conro,
Mrs. W. A. Woodward,
Mrs. H. L. Dodge,
Mrs. R. J. Vandewater,
Mrs. J. D. Arthurs,
Mrs. E. Stringer,
Mrs. Captain Whitney.
Mrs. John Eeynolds,
Mrs. I. C. Mayer,
Mrs. A. D. Jennings,
Mrs. J. W. Cox,
Mrs. K. L. Applegate,
Mrs. Dr. Ober,
Mrs. L. B. Farnum,
Mrs. C. Hathaway,
Mrs. Dr. Weeks,
Mrs. Kingot,
Mrs. N. P. Perine,
Mr. A G. Stiles,
Mrs. James Catton,
Mrs. T. P. Bevans,
Mrs. E. Thomas,
Mrs. J. Carroll,
Mrs. Jesse Holladay,
Mrs. W. C. Talbot,
Mrs. D. C. Brood,
Mrs. Rev. J. Lowell,
Mrs. James Gordon,
Mrs. G. W. Dam,
Mrs. A. Dam,
Mrs. H. H. Watson,
Mrs. J. Deeth,
Mrs. Bartlett,
Mrs. Captain Macondray,
Mrs. J. Otis,
Mrs, I. Frazier,
Mrs. Towne,
Mrs. Coffin,
Mrs. E. Burke,
Mrs. Campbell,
Mrs. Eaton,
Mrs. Wilson,
Miss M. C. Fessenden,
Mrs. Lancashire,
Mrs. Wheeler,
Mrs. Marden,
Mrs. S. Harmon,
Mrs. Short,
Mrs. Colonel Babbitt,
Mrs. G W. Beaver,
Mrs. Warren Holt,
Mrs. H. L. King,
Mrs. A. B. Forbes,
Mrs. Charles Jackson,
Mrs. C. L. Taylor,
Mrs. Rice,
Mrs. Gawley,
Mrs. Stewart,
Mrs. James Laidley,
Mrs. Captain Farnsworth,
Mrs. C. Lux,
Mrs. W. F. Whittier,
Mrs. Robert Haley,
Mrs. Dr. Soule,
Mrs. Sawtelle,
Mrs. Holman,
Mrs. H. D. Lathrop,
Mrs. Major Roberts,
Mrs. John Wigmore,
22
Mrs. J. C. Davis,
Miss Tichenor,
Mrs. D. N. Breed,
Miss Lucy Smith,
Mrs. C. Beach,
Mrs. Justin Moore,
Mrs. R. McKee,
Mrs. George Barstow,
Mrs. Annis Merrill,
Mrs. S. Crim,
Mrs. Dorsay,
Mrs. B. H. Freeman,
Mrs. J. W. Cherry.
ANNUAL AND QUARTERLY SUBSCRIBERS.
Aldrich & Merrill,
Ager, James E.,
Ager, John,
Adams, W. J.,
Agard, William B.,
Arthur, J.,
Angell, ,
Babcock. J. E.,
Braly, M. A.,
Benchley, L. B.,
Bensle}^, John,
Button, Joseph,
Barroilhet, Henry,
Bowen Brothers,
Beach, Chilion,
Byrne, G. I ,
Blake, F.,
Bigelow. E.,
Brannan, Samuel,
Bragg, G. F.,
Bugbee, S. C,
Breed & Chase,
Badger & Lindenberger,
Britton, J. W.,
Booth, L. H.,
Brittan, J.,
Castle Brothers,
Coddington, W. H.,
Ciark, J. ^Y.,
Cox & Nichols,
Cutting & Co.,
Clark &, Perkins,
Crane, H. A.,
Cox, Captain M. B.,
Cohen, A.,
Cole, N. P.,
Clifford, George,
DeForest, J.,
Davis, Horace,
Davis, Isaac E.,
Dickenson, O.,
Dunning, R ,
Dutton, McEwing & Co.,
Dickson, DeWolf& Co.,
Ellis, Moses,
Edson, ,
Ehlfeld, E. H.,
Falkner, Bell & Co.,
Fonsaith, E W.,
Fasutte, N. C,
Flint, Peabody & Co.,
Friedlander, I.,
Fairbanks & Hutchinson,
Earns worth, W. O.,
Grant, A.,
Gray, Asaph,
Gray, Nathaniel,
Gardner, T.,
Godchaux & Co.,
Geary, Dr.,
Galiaghan & Weed,
Green, A.,
Hooker, C. G.,
Hawley & Co.,
Holcombe & J^st,
Hodge, H. C,
Hatch, T.,
Haynes & Lawton,
Hostetter & Co.,
Hitchcock, G. B.,
Hellman Brothers,
Hoyt, Captain,
Hopkins, Casper T.,
Hill, Samuel,
Haley, R.,
■ Hanscom & Co.,
Hinckley & Co ,
Irvine, James,
Iken, Fred.,
Jones & Bendixen,
Jones, E. H.,
Johnson, J. C. & Co.,
Jordan, Dr. L. J.,
Janson, Charles J.,
Jocelyn, J. M.,
Jump & Co.,
23
Kittridge, Jonathan,
Knowles, C. C,
Keith, William H.,
Kellogg, Charles,
Kohlor, A.,
Kline. Jacob,
Linforth, James,
Langley & Crowell,
Lazard Freres,
Logan (k Co.,
Latham, J B.,
Livermore, H. P.,
Locke & Montague,
Lee, H C,
Lowell, N. B.,
Main & Winchester,
Moffitt, James,
Macondray, William,
MacCann & Co.,
McCune, J. H.,
Moss, J. Mora,
Miners' Foundry,
Meeker. David,
Miller, Halse}- & Wetraore,
McAfee & Spier,
Nathan. B.,
Newhall & Brooks,
Newhall, H. M.,
Nelson & Doble,
Pacific Foundry,
Payot, Henry,
Pickering, William,
Painter, J. B.,
Parker, E. H.,
Pray, Martin,
Patrick, R.,
Koman, A ,
Rice, D. W. C,
Russell, Irwin,
Raymond, J. W.
Richards, J.,
Ralston, A. J.,
Regan, ,
Rosen baum.
Reynolds, Thomas,
Stiles. Anson G.,
Sedgely, J.,
Swain, R. A.,
Schaffer, J. F.,
Stanford Bros.,
Schultz & Vanbergen,
Schreiber. J.,
Springer & Knowlton,
Steele, James H.,
Shafter, F. & H. H..
Shafter, James McM.,
Selby, Thomas H.,
Stoddard, David,
Tavlor, John,
Tubbs & Co.,
Turner, Louis,
Tread well, ,
Thayer, B. B.,
Tichenor, H. B.,
Voisin, Riz & Co ,
Vulcan Iron Foundry,
Wilber, J. H.,
Wiggins, W. W ,
Weilderspoon, J.,
Wormser, J.
LIFE MEMBERS.
Mrs.
C. M. Jlitchcock,
Mrs
S C. Bugbee.
Mrs.
E. N. Buel,
Mrs.
Edward Hall,
Mrs.
William H. Dow,
Mrs.
Louis McLane,
Mrs.
Theodore Paine,
Mrs.
S. B. Stoddard,
Mrs.
Lewis Baker,
Mrs
W. H. Norris,
Mrs.
S. R. Throckmorton,
Mrs.
C. Lansing,
Mrs.
S. P. Dewey,
Mrs.
C. Hathaway,
Mrs.
A. B. Eaton,
Mrs.
Ca]>tain Macondray,
Mrs.
Alfred DeWitt,
Mrs.
A. L. Stone,
Mrs.
Rev. S. H. Willey,
Mrs.
Cyrus Palmer.
Miss
Hannah Van Allen,
Mrs.
A J. Pope.
Miss
Van Allen,
Mrs.
F. D. Conro,
24
Mrs.
Dr. Scott,
Mrs. G. W. Dam,
Mrs
N. G. Kittle,
Mrs. A. J. Gladding,
Mrs.
N. Gray,
Mrs. R. B. Gray,
Mrs.
T. H. Selby,
Mrs. J. W. Cox,
Mrs.
P. Sather,
Mrs. 0. J. Eldridge,
Mrs
Church,
Mrs. J. P. Goodvvin,
Mrs
J. K. Warren,
Mrs. J. W. Stow,
Mrs
E. B. Goddard,
Mrs. S. C. Harding,
Mrs.
C. A. Eastman,
W. C. Ralston,
Mrs.
A. Pierce,
E. B. Swain,
Mrs.
C. A. Beck worth,
G. W. Dam,
Mrs.
John Benslej',
8. C. Harding,
Mrs.
Albert Miller.
Captain H. Roundj^
Mrs.
A. J Nisbet,
James II Bolton.
Mrs.
A. J. Stiles,
CONSTITUTION.
Article 1. The name of this society shall be the San Francisco
Ladies' Protection and Eelief Society.
Art. 2. The officers of this society shall be a President, Vice Presi-
dent, Treasurer, Eecording Secretary and Corresponding Secretary j also,
a Board of Managers, consisting of twenty-four members.
Art. 3. The object of this society shall be to render protection and
assistance to strangers, and to dependent and destitute women and
children.
Art. 3. The society shall establish and have under its supervision
and control a "Home," where information, pi'otection and aid will be
afforded to women and children — residents or strangers.
Art. 5. The Board of Managers shall meet once a month; shall have
« control of the funds of the society, and have power to make contracts,
devise and adopt measures for carrying out the objects of tbe society
during the interim of the annual meetings; shall make their own by-
laws, and supply vacancies which may occur in their own number.
Art. 6. The President, Vice President, Treasurer, Eecording Secre-
tary and Corresponding Secretary shall be ex officio members of the
Board of Managers.
Art. 7. The President, when present, and in her absence the Vice
President, shall preside at all meetings of the society and of the Board.
In case of the absence of both, the meeting may elect any member pres-
ent for the office
Art. 8. The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds, subject to the
order of the Board of Managers; shall keep an accurate account of all
receipts and expenditures, and shall report their amount at the monthly
meetings of the Board and at the annual meetings of the society, and
keep a list of the names of members, officers and donors.
Art. 9. The Eecording Seci-etary shall keep a record of the proceed-
ings of every meeting, and prepare an annual report.
Art. 10. The corresponding Secretary shall keep a correct record
of every inmate admitted to the Home, prepare indentures, and corre-
spond with the parties adopting or otherwise having children from the
Home, make written acknowledgments of donations, present a written
monthly report to the Board, and notify all special meetings.
26
Art. 11. The pa3"ment of five dollars annually shall constitute an
annual member. The payment of twenty dollars shall constitute an
honorary member, and that of fifty dollars a life membqr.
Art. 12. In the meetings of the Board of Managers, seven shall con-
stitute a quorum.
Art. I']. There shall be an annual meeting of the society on the sec-
ond Thursday of September of each yeuv, for the election of officers for
the ensuing year, and the transaction of other business.
Art. 14. All meetings of the society and of the Board shall be opened
with pra3'cr.
Art. 15. This Constitution may be amended by a vote of two-thirds
of the members present at any regular meeting of the society; provided,
such alteration or amendment shall have been proposed at a previous
meeting of the Board.
Art. 16. The President, or, in case of her absence, three members
making the request, shall have power to call an extra meeting.
BYLAWS
I. The Order of Business at all meetings shall be —
1. Prayer. Eeadingof the Scriptures (at the discretion of the per-
son presiding).
2. Reading records of last stated and all intervening meetings. %
3. Treasurer's report.
4. Corresponding Secretar^-'s report.
5. Matron and teacher's reports.
6. Visiting Committee's reports.
7. Reports of Committees.
8. Miscellaneous business.
II. Duties of the Board.
The Board of Managers shall direct all proceedings of the society,
not otherwise provided for by the Constitution, and attend the regular
monthly meetings. One member thereof shall visit the Home twice
each week, or supply a substitute.
III. Duties of the Visitor.
She must visit the Home twice during her appointed week, or provide
a substitute, make a thorough examination of the house, and present a
written report to the Managers at the monthly meeting.
IV. It shall be the duty of the Matron to make a full report to the
Board of Managers, at their monthly pieetings, of all business transac-
tions of the Home during the month.
PETITIOISr
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE
SUBSIDY TO AUSTRALIAN STEAMERS.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
I^ E T I T I O N .
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of Calif ornia :
The petition of the undersigned, merchants, citizens and others, resid-
ing in the Stiite of California, respectfully shows :
First — That the completion of the great railwa}^ across this continent
has brought the beautiful and fertile islands of the South Pacific, and
the two millions and a half European inhabitants who occupy the
golden lands of Australia and New Zealand, at least fourteen days
nearer, in point of time, to the old country-, than they are by srny other
route.
Second — That by the establishment of a first-class line of ocean
steamers, the vast mail matter, the gold, and a large proportion of the
thirty thousand Australians, who visit England annually, would inevita-
bly be conveyed via San Francisco and our trans-continental railroad,
for the reason that the route would possess the all-important advantages
of affecting a considerable saving of time, being more healthy, more
pleasant by reason of the Pacific being at all seasons comparativel}^ free
from storms, and presenting altogether, a variety of scenes which could
not fail to attract, through the United States, a large proportion of that
great trade which now passes partly by the unhealthy and expensive route
via the Eed Sea, and partly by the boisterous and lengthy passage
round Cape Horn.
Third — These advantages are thoroughly understood b}^ the people of
Australia and New Zealand, and a strong desire exists in those countries
to have a steam line by way of San Francisco, so as to connect with the
trans-continental railway put into operation forthwith. As the best
possible evidence of this desire, the Legislatures of New Zealand, New
South Wales and Queensland have voted money subsidies in support of
such a line. The grants so made are in proportion to the population of
each colony. Whilst the colonies named have dealt with the question in a
spirit of much liberality, a larger amount than that which they have
voted will be necessary to carry out a mail steam line composed of first-
class vessels of not less than two thousand tons register, which are
essential to the successful competition for the great trade of the Aus-
tralians.
Fourth — At present, the Australian colonies pay one-half 'the subsidy
to the Peninsular and Oriental Company' for carrying their mails to
England in fifty-six days. The other half is paid by England. The
three colonics named have given the requisite notice of their intention
to withdraw from that contract at the end of the present year, and are
desirous thut the line via the United States, should be got into good
working order ere their connection with the other line ceases. As,
however, the proposed change will be so advantageous to this country-,
they not unnaturally look to our Government to take up the position
now occupied by Great Britain, in relation to their mail service, and pay
one-half the requisite subsidy. Your petitioners submit that sound policy
dictates that this overture from the Ausjtralian colonies to meet them
half-way in a matter, the benefits of Avhich will be so largely ours, can-
not be too cordiall}" entertained, especially when it is recollected that
probably nearly the whole of the subsidy" we I'equire to grant will
return directly to the Government from the increased income from the
Australian mail matter, which now passes through another channel, to
say nothing of the many other indirect advantages which would accrue
from the acquirement of so great a trade. The truth is, by the comple-
tion of the Pacific Eailroad, we have made a large proportion of the
Australian trade by right our own, and it will be entirely through lack
of judicious enterprise, if we fail to secure it.
Fifth — Statistics are not to hand showing the exact details of the
various branches of the Australian trade. This may nearly enough be
estimated by a recollection of the number of the population. A Euro-
pean people numbering two millions and a half, must necessarily have
lar/>e requirements.
>SVx//t — In addition to the Australian trade, such a line w'ould open up
not a few i.f the beautiful islands of the South Pacific. Many of these
islands are of unsurpassed fertility. The onl3' reason why the}- have
not hitherto attracted that attention commensurate with the induce-
ments they offer to capital and enterprise is, that they are so difficult of
access, being off the track of any existing line ot steam or sailing
vessels. A steam line to Australia would alter this, and could not fail
to develop these magnificent islands at an exceedingly rapid rate, and
.to render their trade entirely American. The Fiji Group have already
attracted a considerable European population, who are, at this moment,
asking for the protection of the American flag. At a time when so
much is being said about the necessity of reviving our shipping interests,
it would indeed be folly to neglect this important field tor enterprise,
which, witliout any seeking on our part, is brought to our very doors.
In view of these various considerations, your petitioners pra}' that
your honorable House Avill pass such resolutions as may seem to you
best, urging the Government at Washington to vote such a subsidy as
will equal the share now paid by Great Britain towards the Australian
line, via the Red Sea.
And your petitioners will ever pray.
Williams, Blanchard & Co.,
C. Adolp'i Low & Co.,
De Witt, Kittle & Co.,
Ziel, Berthcau & Co.,
Gildemeister, Mueckc & Co.,
Ross, J)empster & Co., ' Robert Silver,
Eisen Bros,
J. S. Morgan, of Morgan & Co.,
Thomas House worth & Co.,
Thomas G. Spear,
Christy & Wise,
5
B. B Gore,
Brittan. Holbrook & Co.,
J. C. Merrill cV Co.,
Eggers & Co.,
I. JPrifdUinder,
Artemas S. Fletcher,
Macondraj' & Co.,
The iiussell & Erwin M. Co.,
I. W. Stow,
Wm. H. Tillinghast,
Flint, Peabody & Co.,
Charles E. McLane,
Stevet)S, Beeker & Co.,
Pickett & Harrison,
J. D. Farwell & Co.,
W. A. Holcomb & Co.,
Sherwood, Buckley &. Co.,
Piichard Patrick & Co.,
J. Owenhelin ct Co.,
Levi Strauss & Co..
Pope & Talbot,
Adams, Blinn & Co ,
George Howes & Co.. •
N. P. Cole & Co.,
Moss & Beadle,
W. O. C. Stebbins,
Hor.iice Davis & Co ,
Dr Zund,
Sam. Merrill,
A. M. Dunn.
Forbes, Brothers & Co.,
Waugenheim, Sternheim & Co.,
J. W. H. CampbelL
Vernon Seaman,
F. S. Wensinger,
W. B. Cummings & Co.,
J. J. Felt,
Morris Speyer & Co ,
A. Crawford & Co ,
George Goodwin,
George F. Bragg & Co.,
Hooker & Co.,
E. Fener.stein & Co.,
Charles Dinsenberg & Co..
C. B. Dolor,
A. C. Garrett,
Frederic Clay,
J. G. Jackson,
Jacob Deeth,
Thomas Day,
Albert Dibblee,
Waphers & Wetherbee,
H. & W. Pierce,
S. H. Wetherbee,
Fred'k MacCrellish & Co.,
C. H. Harrison,
Hobart, Woods & Co.,
Augustus Robinson,
Washington Barllett,
Eosenfeld &, Bermingham,
A. Abrahams,
F. D. Atherton,
Bowen Brothers,
G. W. Brilton,
Haviland, Hooper & Co.,
G. W. Clark.
George O. Whitney & Co ,
M. Heller & Brother,
Murphy, Grant & Co..
Eosenstack, Price & Co.,
Culver & Co .
J P Holden & Co ,
Badger & Lindenberger,
Heynemann & Co.,
Tobin, Dixon & Davison,
D. H. Walters & Co.,
W. J. Stein hart & Co.,
Mechels, Freedlander & Co.,
Lienfachs & Co.,
Goddard & Co.,
Eisdon Iron and Loc. Works,
Per J. Moore ;
S. L. Mustick &. Co.,
Preston & McKinnon,
Brackett & Keyes,
John C. Haake & Co.,
Thomas H. Selby & Co..
Elam & Howe,
Marcus C Hawley & Co.,
Marsh, Pilsbury & Co.,
Linforth, Kellogg & Co.,
Baker & Hamilton,
E. B. Eail,
Whittier, Fuller & Co.,
Kclley, Walsh & Co.,
W. Ealston,
D. U. Mills,
Theo. Brown,
lielaud Stanford,
William E. Wads worth & Co.,
I. Mactenstein & Co.,
William McCole,
C. L. Taylor & Co.,
Weil & Co.,
J. W. Eaymond,
Howard & Pool,
Frank D. Sweetser,
C. H. Hewitt,
Robert Swain & Co.,
R. B. Swain & Co.,
Cross & Co.,
Bolknap & Uullog,
Alsop t*c Co.,
Balfour, Guthrie & Co ,
Auger, Christiansen & Co.,
D. GhirardcIIi & Co.,
Dulrnin do Wolf & Co.,
Rogers, Meyer & Co.,
P. Cumdermeyer,
Cox & Nichols,
R. G. Sneath,
Hellmann Brothers & Co.,
Coomb & Taylor,
Hutcliings & Fiiilayson,
J. Bluxom,
Fred. Iker,
Gray, Jones & Co.,
Parker, Wataon & Co.,
Agard, Foulkes & Co.,
John Mee & Son,
A. E. Sabaher,
Meigs & Gawley,
Peter H. Burnett,
S. S. Tilton,
F. H. Rogers,
J. A. Donohoe,
Hickox & Spear,
Parrott & Co.,
Banks & Co.,
B. Davidson & Co.,
Sather & Co.,
John Sime & Co.,
James H. Deering,
John O Earl,
Nelson Pierce,
Oliver Eldridge,
Chenery. Souther & Co.,
Edw. A. T. Gallaffher.
PETITIOi^
CITIZENS OF SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY
RELATIVE TO
NAVIGATION OF SAN JOAQUIN RIVER.
D. W. GELWICKS BTATB PRINTER.
r» K T I T I O N
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
Your petitioners, residents upon and in the vicinity of the San
Joaquin River, respectfully represent, that by an Act of the Legislature,
passed in eighteen hundred and fifty-one, said river was declared a nav-
igable stream to Tulare Lake ; that since that time said stream has been
navigable by steamers to a point about twenty miles above the mouth
of the King's Eiver slough, and about twenty-five miles below the point
where the I'oad, leading from Stockton to Visalia, crosses said stream,
and, in the opinion of your petitioners, is well navigable to said point;
that steamers have already been brought to said point without difliculty ;
that said point is the highest point capable of navigation, and is the
nearest and most accessible point for the shipment of immense quanti-
ties of wool, copper ore and general farm produce; and if said stream
was declared navigable to said point, steamers would be placed on said
stream running to said point, and would be of great benefit to numer-
ous settlers in the neighborhood of said stream, and very materially
reduce the price of transportation to and from San Francisco, and in
various Qther modes.
Your petitioners, therefore, pray your honorable bodies that you pass
an Act declaring the San Joaquin River navigable to the point where
the road, leading from Stockton to Visalia, crosses said stream, near
Jones' store, in the County of Fresno and State of California.
SAMUEL BROWN, M. B. LEWIS,
ANDREW J. HASLETT, GEORGE WAGNER,
HENR\: EILERT, DENNIS KELLEY,
ALEX. KENNEDY, GEORGE GREEN,
J. C. WALKER, P. G. STORNY,
B. T. ARNOLD, A. FOSCUE,
JOSEPH BORDEN, Jr., J. A. MAULDEN,
LEROY DENNIS, C. S. McKEOWN,
FRANCIS SHULTB, JAMES DIXON,
JAMES R. JONES, M. A. LYON,
GEORGE HELY, A. W. FROELICK,
JAMES E. PABER. .1. IIAMKIJ,
K. A. PATIERSON, HENRY lA'OX.S,
WILLIAM O RKED, WM W. HILL.
T. P. DKVEREUX, HARRY DIXON,
J. H. PICKENS. TIIEO. S. PAYNE,
WM. K. HAMPTON, JAMI':s HA I! RON,
JAMES N. WALKER, LKWL< LEAUH.
J. SCOTT ASHMAN, THOMAS J. ALLEN,
THOMAS WINKELMAN, M. A. SCHUTZ
(;. F. WALKER, J. T BIRKHE.AD.
J. S. BOWJJN, JAMES H. BETHELT,
J). H. MILLER, W. S WYATT,
J. B. ROSS, T. BOWMAN,
Y. B. COBB, JOHN TIMMERS,
EDWARD DIXON.
PETITIOlSr
m-
rotfstaiit ^psc0pl C|ttrt| Jome
A.SSOCI^TIO]Sr,
APPROPRIATION FROM THE STATE.
D. W. QELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
5>ETITION
To the Honorahle the Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
Gentlemen : We, whose names are undersigned, would respectfully
appl}' to the Legislature for an appropriation of money to the Protes-
tant Episcopal Church Home Association, to assist in defraying the
necessary expenses thereof.
This is a benevolent association, duly incorporated with six Trustees,
and has now been in active operation over one year. Its objects are, to
to give homes to aged, indigent and infirm Christian women, and tem-
porary shelter to any women of good character, who may be without
friends and home, and are seeking employment.
The "Home" occupies a building on Mission street, between Four-
teenth and Fifteenth streets, in the City and County of San Francisco.
It has at present nearly twenty inmates, who are given a comfortable
home and provided with all the necessaries of life — such as food, cloth-
ing, medical attendance, etc.
A Board of Lady Managers has charge of its internal affairs, and of
the general conduct and management of the institution.
It will be apparent, then, that this is a much needed charity, and one
worthy of encouragement.
The expenses of the " Home " are at the rate of about five thousand
dollars a year, including rent.
Thus far it has been dependent for support solely upon the free will
contributions of individual friends, which are not, however, suflScient
for the purpose, and to enable the association to receive all who apply
for admission and are worthy, and in need of its care.
ELIAS BIRDSALL,
H. F. WILLIAMS,
D. O. KELLEY,
CHARLES LANGLEY,
Trustees.
HENRY D. LATHBOP,
W. T. BABCOCK,
HALL McAllister,
H. T. GRAVES.
San Francisco, February 28th, 1870.
P E T I T I O I^
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
an Jfrnncisttf SFging-ln Jos|ital
FOTJlSTDLIlN^a .ASYLUM
FOR STATE All).
D. W. OELWlCKS.,...'...STATE PRINTER
PF.TITION
To the Honorable the Speaker of the Asse.mbh/ and Representatives of the State
Legislature now m session :
Gentlemen : Al the annual meeting of the Trustees of the San
Francisco Lying-in Hospital and Foundling A83'lum, held in De-
cember last, 1 was instructed to visit Sacramento during the pres-
ent session of the Legislature and ask your honorable body to
appropriate towards its support a sufficient amount to enable them
to commence the erection of suitable permanent buildings on the
block of land appropriated to them b3' the municipal authorities of
the City of San Francisco. It was thought by the Trustees that,
before another Legislature will be in session, we may need fort}^
thousand dollars to meet our wants. But it was finally decided
that I should ask the sum of ten thousand dollars for each of the years
of eighteen hundred and seventy and eighteen hundred and seventy-one.
The institution thus far has been supported by voluntary contributions.
We leased the premises, 269 Jessie street, for five years, and advanced
to the lessor one thousand dv^llars, to remain on interest until the last
year, when it is to be cancelled by the rent. At a large outlay we had
ihera altered, enlarged and suitably arranged, and furnished to meet
our requirements. We commenced operations in September last, at a
monthly expen.'<e of three hundred and thirty dollars, which has grad-
ually augmented until now, when the current monthly expense amounts
to about four hundred dollars: and we expect it will reach, before the
end of eighteen hundi'cd and seventy-one, to more than twice that
amount, exclusive of outlaws for buildings, improvements and additional
furniture and stock, etc., etc.
We expect to have to provide, within the two years specified, for
several hundred infants, allowing for the usual percentage of mortality,
which is always large with this class of children. We shall probably aver-
age, for permanent inmates of the asylum, one hundred annual!}'. It
should be borne in mind that these are hel|)les8 infants, and, therefore,
requiring a large number of persons to take C;ire of fehem, making it
much more expensive than for an equal number of older children, such
as are taken to orphan asylums.
Then, again, we need a large area of land for airing and out-door ex-
erciso, besides sufficient Bpace for keeping cows and other animals,
which we cannot have in the improved j)ortion of thi- city. We already
feel a sad need of these accommodations for the number wo now have.
I will add to the foregoinii; considerations why we should I'eceive
State aid. 'J'he fact that all appljcatits from each county in the Slate,
without rci^ard to reliijious bias or nationality, will be received on equal
terms, to the protection and benefits which the institution can affoi'd.
We shall otd}' ask to be nssured by the unfortunate class of gii-ls. or
mothers, whose offsprinij, in all countries, make up tho class called
fouiidlings, that hitherto they had been respectal)le. and thereafter they
will keep themselves so, to admit them. Unless they give us this assur-
ance we shall not admit them; neither will they l)e admitted should
iliev again err the second time.
We hope in making up _your appropriations for charitable institutioiis,
you will not consider ours in the light of those limited by county, munic-
ipal or sectarian lines, but on the broad ground on which j'ou have
placed the asylums for the deaf and dumb and blind, the insane, etc.
We, therefore, most respectfully and earnestly ask your honorable
body to grant us the specified aid.
And your petitioners will ever pray.
Bv order.
BENJ. F. HAllDY. M. D., Secretary.
San Francisco, February 25th, 1870.
P^ETITIOK^
To the Honorable Legislature of California, in sessio7i assembled:
Gentlemen: The undersigned, j'our petitioners, citizens of San Fran-
cisco, regarding with deep interest the efforts of the Trustees of the
San Francisco Lying-in Hospital and Foundling Asj'lum, to save the
lives and characters of a large and increasing class of mothers and their
children, heretofore deprived of all aid or sympathy, respectfull}' beg
leave to represent that, in their opinion, this institution should receive
from your honorable bod}- public recognition and substantial and liberal
State aid; and for the following, among other reasons :
First — That it is a State institution, opening its doors, freely and
without discrimination, to persons from all parts of the State.
Second — That it will prove a public benefit and economy, resulting in
the prevention of a crime of already startling proportions; in the saving
from degradation, and restoring to society hundreds who now are an-
nually precipitated to infamy, and largely diminishing both the muni-
cipal and State expenditures which arise from this cause.
Third — That such an institution cannot be properly sustained by pri-
vate contributions of iis citizens, its friends having been already severely
taxed in its establishment and maintenance ; State recognition and aid
alone can give it that permanence and efficiency which will best con-
serve the public interest.
Fourth — Possessed of a permanent site, which has been provided by
the City of San Francisco as a recognition of the value and necessity of
such an institution, there is need for buildin<;s adapted to the rapidly
increasing demands made upon the organization, as well as to defray
its current expenses; and only through public aid can this need be
answered.
6
For all of wliicli reasons, besides many others which might be named,
your petitioners respectfully pray thatfv'our honorable body will take
such action in the premises as may to you seem wise and expedient.
And your petitioners will ever prav.
P. MAYNARD.
HALL McAllister,
I. B. HAGGIN.
L. & M. SACHS,
Dr. L. C. LAN?:,
H. H. TOLAND.
THOMAS BRUYL,
Dr. G. HOLLAND,
E. R CARP EN TIER,
J. W. B. REYNOLDS,
FRANK McCOPPIN,
JAMES D THORNTON,
T. W. FREELON,
H H. BYRNES.
ANDREW J. MOULDER,
E. E. EYRE,
SAM'L HERMANN,
S. HEYDENFELDT,
DAVID D. COLTON,
J. A. DONOHUE,
D. O. MILLS,
M. HOGE,
A. J. ELLIS,
OLIVER ELDRIDGE,
W. C. RALSTON,
J. BRENHAM,
W. T. BABCOCK,
L. S. ROBINSON.
San Francisco, February 25tb, 1870. «
MAJORITY REPORT
tmU O{0mmito^ an ^mpyniwrn
RELATIVE TO
SENATE BILL ]SrO. 230,
ENTITLED
AN ACT TO ENABLE THE CALIFORNIA PACIFIC RAILROAD AND OTHERS TO
COME INTO THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO, AND OTHER
MATTERS RELATING THERETO.
D. W. GELWICKS. STATE PRINTER.
H E I> O HT .
Mr. President : We, the majority of the Committee on Corporations,
to whom Was referred Senate Bill No. 230 — entitled an Act to enable the
California Pacific Railroad and others to come into the City of Sacra-
mento, and otlier matters relating thereto — have had the same under
consideration, and beg leave to report that it became apparent to them,
at the threshold of their investigations, that the subject matter of said
bill was of considerable importance and interest to the California Pacific
and the Central Pacific Eailroad Companies, to each of which the City
of Sacramento has been and is an objective point, and also to the business
men and citizens generally of Sacramento. Such being the case, your
committee considered it just and proper that all persons having an inter-
est either in the passage or defeat of the bill should be allowed to come
before them and present for their consideration the various grounds in
view of which they respectively claimed that the bill ought or ought
not to pass. Accordingly, parties representing each of said railroad
companies, and others representing the citizens of Sacramento, have
been at different times before your committee, and have presented very
fully, by testimony and by argument, all that they had to urge for and
against the passage of the bill. The various matters thus brought to the
notice of your committee may be classed under the general heads of
matters of fact and matters of law.
MATTERS OF FACT.
In relation to matters of fact, your committee report that, in eighteen
hundred and sixty-two, the Central Pacific Eailroad Company, being
desirous of bringing their road into the City of Sacramento, and con-
necting the same with the navigable waters of the Sacramento Eiver,
made an application to that effect to the Board of Supervisors of the
City and County of Sacramento, which at that time constituted the
municipal government of the Citj' and County of Sacramento. Said
Board, upon due consideration, and with a view to derive from the com-
ing of said railroad all possible advantages and benefits, passed an ordi-
nance allowing said company to extend its road from the point jjt which
it crossed the American Kiver (which is a little over three miles north-
east of said city), to, upon and along the levee which had been built by
eaid city, upon its northern boundaries, as a protection against the inun-
dations of the American River, until the navigable waters of the Sacra-
mento Eiver should be reached, at the foot of K street, in said city. By
said ordinance, the water front, out to deep water, from K street north-
erly, was also granted to said railroad, " with the right and privilege of
erecting and maintaining, on and along said water front, such wharves,
landings, store houses, stations, and other buildings and erections, as
might be necessary or convenient for the transaction and performance
of the business of said railroad." This grant by the city was made upon
the onerous condition, among others, that said company should maintain,
and at all times keep in good repair, the levee to be used hy them,
which, as the evidence before your committee shows, has been done by
said company from that da}'' to the present, at a cost to them of nearly
sixtj^-nine thousand dollars, which sum has been thus saved to the treas-
ury and tax payers of Sacramento. This grant by the city was duly
accepted b}'^ sai(] companj^ and its track laid accordingly.
The next matter of importance to the companj^ was to obtain suflScicnt
land for the accommodation of an extensive system of depots, work
shops, foundries, etc., such as would not only meet the demands of the
Central Pacific road, but the demands of ather roads then projected by
the same managers, some of which have been since built and otlicrs par-
tially, viz: the Western Pacific, the California and Oregon, and the San
Joaquin Valley, making in all nearlj' three thousand mifes of railroads,
of which it was then intended to make Sacramento a repairing and
manufacturing centre, if sufficient and adequate accommodations could
be obtained at that point. With this object in view, the company
selected a tract of land lying at the northwest corner of the City of
Sacramento, and outside of the levee, upon which their track had been
placed under the cit}- ordinance to which yoxxY committee has already
referred. This tract comprised, with other lands, what is known as
Sutter Lake and Slater's addition to the City of Sacramento, and was
in the main a swamp, cut and interscctcvd b}' sloughs, and contained
about sixty acres. To make it available to the company for the pur-
poses aforesaid, a filling of from fifteen to twent3'feet ^nd more in some
places) was required. Nevertheless, said company proceeded to obtain
the title to said land, to some of it as earl}'^ as eighteen hundred, and
sixty-two, to wit : Sutter Lake, which had been granted by the State as
swamp and overflowed land to the City of Sacramento in eighteen hun-
dred and fiftj^-seven. (Statutes 1857, page 155). This lake the company
obtained first by grant from the city and last by grant from the State.
(Statutes 1863, page 288).
Upon other portions of this land, streets, alleys and public squares
had been laid out by the authority of the City of Sacramento, and said
company next proceeded to obtain, and did obtain, an Act of the Legis-
lature authorizing the Trustees of the City of Sacramento to vacate and
discontinue said streets and alleys, which was subsequentl}' done. This
Act of the Legislature was passed on the twenty-second of March,
eighteen hundred and sixty-six. (Statutes 1865-6, page 360). As soon as
said streets and alleys had become thus vacated and discontinued, said
company proceeded to obtain the title to all of said land (not already
obtained) by purchase, where terms could be agreed upon, and by con-
demnation where they could not, until they have now acquired, as they
fully beljeve, the title to the whole tract, at a cost of seventy-five thou-
sand dollars. They next proceeded to fill in. said land, commencing on
the north, so as to afford protection against the floods, and have, up to
llio present time, filled in about twenty-three acres, at a cost of two hun-
dred and twelve thousand two hundred and twenty-two dollars and sixty
cents, and luive erected thereon extensive work shops at a cost of over
three hundred and forty-five thousand dollars, which have been so built
as to admit of extensions to meet the growin<^ demands of the com-
pany's rajiidiy increasing business, making in all over six hundred thou-
sand dollars expended by the company upon said land, in tilling and
erecting improvements thereon.
Your committee herewith submit a map showing the plan of the yard,
for which the company require this land, from which it will be readily
seen that when the yard is completed, in the manner proposed, no part
of said land will remain unoccupied.
The testimony presented to your committee has fully satisfied them
that all of said land has been obtained b^' said companj' in good faith, for
the purposes already stated, and that it will all be not only required but
absolutely indispensable to meet the future wants and necessities of said
comjian}', and that the quantity' is much less than other roads of less
magnitude hold and occupy for like purposes; and in this connection
your committee deem it j)roper to call your attention to the amount of
land required and in use by other companies for like purposes:
The Illinois Central, only three hundred and sixty-five miles in length,
has eighty-six acres in the City of Chicago.
The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, only four hundred miles long,
has seventy-seven acres in Chicago, one hj^ndred and thirteen in Aurora
and one hundred and sixteen in Salesburg, making in all three hundred
and six acres.
The Chicago, Eock Island and Pacific, six hundred and thirty-four
miles long, has one hundred and fifteen in the City of Chicago, thirty-
four in the suburbs of Chicago, eighteen in common with the Michigan
Central, making in all one hundred and sixty-seven acres.
New York Central, three hundred miles long, has four hundred and
fifty acreis at Albany and West Albany.
New York and Erie, four hundred and fifty miles long, has one
thousand acres at Jersey City.
The Pennsylvania Central, for depots and shop purposes, has at West
Phila(lel])hia one hundred and thirty acres, at Harrisburg forty-eight, at
Altoona two hundred and twent}^ at Pittsburg sixty-one, and for stock
yards fifty-two, making in all five hundred and eleven acres.
The Baltimore and Ohio has, at the Cit}' of Baltimore, one hundred
and one acres, at Washington four, and at Bcllairo one hundred and
eight, making in all two hundred and thirteen acres.
In several of the foregoing cases, the testimony before your committee
shows that the business of the road was in excess of its accommodations,
most clearly illustrating the justness of the claim put forward by the
Central Pacific, that the land in question, though it may be ample for
the present, will soon become wholly inadequate when the workshops,
foundries and rolling mills for nearly three thousand miles of railroad
shall have been erected and made the home of ever}^ industry connected
with the management and operation of an extensive system of grand
trunk railroads, such as will shortly centre at Sacramento, if the Direc-
tors and Managers of the Central Pacific are allowed to remain in the
undisturbed possession of the lands now occupied by them.
As tending to show the magnitude and importance of the business
which will ultimately be carried on in the shops of the company at Sac-
ramento, if, as suggested, the present plans of the company are not
6
iuterrupted, your committee deem it proper to state, that in the shops
already constructed, which are small and insignificant in comparison
with what they will be hereafter, seven hundred workmen have been
employed daily during the past summer, and the monthly disbursements
of the company in running said shops has averaged, during the same
period, according to the testimony before your committee, the sum of
fifty thousand dollars. The number of men now employed and the sum
now disbursed will necessarily be vastly increased when the foundries
for recasting car wheels and rolling mills for the re-rolling of worn out
rails shall have been established, as now proposed by the managers of
said company.
Your committee further report, as a part of the facts in view of which
the fate of this bill is to be determined, that the California Pacific Rail-
road Company, having a railroad extending from Vallejo to Marysville,
with a branch extending from Davisville, in Yolo County, to Washington,
opposite the City of Sacramento, projected and partially constructed,
and being desirous of bringing their road across the river into the City
of Sacramento, applied to the Legislature of eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven and eighteen hundred and sixty-eight for the grant of a right to
construct a railroad bridge across the river at some point " ahovp or iwrth
of the present bridge," meaning thereby the wagon bridge of the Sacra-
mento and Yolo Bridge Company-, which crosses at the foot of Broad
street in the City of Sacramento, and obtained the grant (Statutes
1867-8, page 671), but no attenvpt has ever been made by said company
to construct a bridge under the franchise thus obtained. By this route,
which is entirely practicable, said company could have entered the city
without crossing the yard of the Central Pacific, or in anj- manner occu-
pying any portion of their ground.
Some time subsequent to this grant by the State — as to the precise
time your committee is not advised — said company applied to the Board
of Trustees of the City of Sacramento for permission to build a bridge
across the river at the foot of I street and to bring their road into the
city at that point, said Board having the power to do so, as will appear
hereafter, if they deemed it expedient. This franchise was also granted,
but, as in the case of the previous franchise, to cross*" above the present
hrkhje," no attempt was ever made by said company to bring their road
across the river at the foot of I street.
During this time there seems to have been some conversations, at
different times, between the managers, or some of them, of the two rail-
road companies, in relation to the crossing, and it is claimed on the part
of the California Pacific that the managers of the Central Pacific, or
some of them, agreed that if the former company would cross just below
the present bridge, the latter company would make no opposition ; but
this assertion is stoutly denied hy the managers of the Central Pacific,
who declare that neither of them ever consented to a crossing at any
point below the present bridge; but be that as it may, j'our committee
are satisfied that the conversations referred to were unoflicial. and that
the only formal and oflScial proposition ever made by the California
Pacific to the Central Pacific was to cross at the foot of 1 street, which
proposition was formally considered by the latter company, and, after a
report from their Chief Engineer to the effect that a crossing at that
point was impracticable, was finally rejected, of which the former com-
pany was ofticially informed.
Such being the case, the California Pacific, without any enabling
statute, entered into a contract with the Sacramento and Yolo Bridge
Company (a corporation owning and maintaining the toll bridge at the
foot of Broad Street, which has been already mentioned), by which the
former agreed to build for the latter a new bridge just below their old
one, sufficiently substantial to answer for both a wagon and a railroad
bridge, for a certain sum lo be paid b}' the latter compan}-, and for the
right and privilege of laying its track over said bridge and using the
same for the purpose of crossing their cars into the City of Sacramento;
said track to be laid, not upon the top of said bridge, or upon one side
with a partition between it and the passage way for wagons, but upon
the same floor and in the same passage way intended to be used by
teams, so that cars and teams cannot occupy the bridge at the same
time; said railroad company also undertaking to secure for the bridge
company a right of way to and for the new bridge, and to insure to them
the same rigbt to collect tolls which they then enjoyed in connection
with their old bridge.
In this connection your committee deem it proper to add, in view of
the fact that this bill is intended in part to legalize and confirm said
contract, that the franchise of the Sacramento and Tolo Bridge Com-
pany was granted upon the express condition that, after the expiration
of ten years from the completion of said bridge, the Counties of Yolo
and Sacramento, or either of them, should have the right to purchase
the bridge, at an appraised value, to be' determined by five appraisers,
two to be selected by the bridge company, two by the county or counties
aforesaid, and one by these four, and that if purchased by the Counties
of Yolo and Sacramento, or either, the franchise to collect tolls should
from that time cease, and said bridge thereafter become a free bridge.
(Statutes 1857, page 157, Section 2.) That the said contract between
the California Pacific and the bridge company contains a clause to
the effect that, if said bridge shall be purchased by said counties, or
either of them, the right of the California Pacific to use the bridge for
a railroad track shall nevertheless continue thereafter, as before; so this
bill proposes to annex to the right of said counties to purchase said
bridge and convert it into a free bridge, a condition which may be. and
doubtless will be, obnoxious to the people of said counties, for the use
of the bridge as a railroad bridge will obviously tend to greatly imi^air
the free use of the same by them as a wagon road bridge, if not to render
its use at times dangerous to their personal safety, in view of the fact
that said bridge has, as already stated, but one passagewa}' for both
cars and wagons. And in this aspect your committee respectfully
suggest that it is a matter for serious consideration whether this bill is
not, so far as it deals with said contract, unconstitutional, inasmuch as it
seems at least to impair the right which said counties have to purchase
said bridge and convert it into a free bridge, unincumbered with a use
not contemplated or provided for at the time the franchise to build it
was granted to the Sacramento and Yolo Bridge Company, l^'our
committee, in this connection, further submit that the Act by which
this bridge franchise was granted was in the nature of a contract
between the bridge company and the Counties of Sacramento and Yolo,
and that the legislation proposed by this bill may be repugnant to that
provision of the Federal Constitution which prohibits the several States
from passing laws impairing the obligation of contracts. Upon that
question, however, your committee do not intend to express anj^ decided
opinion, but merely to suggest it as deserving the serious consideration
of the Senate.
Under this contract, without any license from the State, or the City
8
of Sacramento, as already suggested, the California Pacific commenced
the construction of a bridge a short distance below the present bridge,
and iTistitutod legal jirocecdirigs in the District Court of the Sixth Judi-
cial District for Sacramento County, under the provision of the general
railroad law. against the Central Pacific and all persons having any
interest in the matter, to condemn a strip of land upon the eastern or
Sacramento shore, belonging to the ('cntral Pacific and covered by their
wharf, for a rest for the eastern abutment of their bridge. Also, a
" crossing" of the tracks of the Central Pacific and a strip of land one
hundred feet wide, extending from First street across p^ront to the west
line of Second street, projected north; thence a strip of land three hun-
dred feet wide, extending from the west line of Second street, projected
north, to the east line of Fourth street, projected north, this last piece
being sought for depot purposes. All of the land and privileges thus
sought being wholly within the lines of the tract heretofore described
as being the property of the Central Pacific, obtained by that company
in good faith for railroad purposes exclusively. For a more complete
description of the land sought by the California Pacific, and of its rela-
tion to the other lands, and the plan of the yard of the Central Pacific,
your committee refer to the map reported herewith.
To this proceeding the Central Pacific filed a cross bill, setting up
substantially the foregoing facts' and asking for an injunction restraining
the California Pacific from proceeding to further interfei-e wilh their
franchise and propei-ty. The District Court denied them an injunction
and made an order allowing the California Pacific to cut the tracks of
the Central Pacific and to take formal possession of all the land which
they sought, without first appointing Commissioners to select the place
of "crossing" or to determine the mode or manner in which the cross-
ing should be effected, whether "over" the tracks of the Central
Pacific, or upon the same grade, or even to determine whether a "cross-
ing" was in fact "necessar}'" at the point in question, all of Avhich.
perhaps. .ought to have been done. The District Court, however,
appointed Commissioners to assess the damages caused by the crossing
and the taking of the land above described, who have not yet acted.
From the order den3Mng an injunction, the Central Pacific appealed to
the Supreme Court, and the appeal was argued at the last term of that
Court, but has not yet been decided. Upon the argument, the managers
of the California Pacific, whether justly or not, seem to have become
alarmed lest their present proceedings should fall through upon some of
the aforesaid technical grounds; hence, thej' seek to relieve themselves
from this supposed danger by the legislation sought by this bill. In
conclusion upon this branch of the subject, your committee further
report that the crossing in question passes over six tracks of the Central
Pacific at a place where the engines and cars of said eompan}' necessarily
pass and repass, at the present time, more than two hundred times
daily, and also at the place where all the travel between Sacramento and
Yolo must pass, and may be delayed in passing by trains crossing said
bridge.
MATTERS OF L.A.W.
The foregoing facts being before your committee, the first question of
a legal complexion thereby suggested was, whether the exigencies by
which this bill has been <tictated, or the supposed evils which it seeks to
remedy, were due to any defects in the general railroad law of this
State. The polic}- of not meeting special oases of real or supposed .hard-
9
ship by a resort to s/jficj'a/ legislation, but b}'^ amending the general law, if
it should be discovered, upon a careful examination, that the supposed
hardship was due to defects in the law and not to its misconstruction or
misapplication by the parties seeking legislative relief, has become, as
your committee conceive, the settled policy of the Senate; and this cir-
cumstance also suggested the inquiry whether the relief which might
appear to be due to the movers of this bill, might not be afforded by an
amendment of the general law; and then again, whether the necessity
or propriety of an}' relief at uU might not be fully and satisfactorily
determined by ascertaining whether the general law, as it now stands, does
not afford to parties standing in relation to it in the attitude of the
movers of this bill, all the aid that comports with a reasonable and con-
sistent jiolicy toward railroad corporations, having at the same time a
just regard for the interests of the public, which, as all admit, must be
allowed the first place in the esteem of legislative bodies.
Guided by the foregoing considerations, your committee turned to the
general law, as it now exists, in respect to the right of railroad compa-
nies in the matter of crossing ?iat;*V/oi/e streams, like the Sacramento River,
and crossing the tracks of other railroad companies, and particularly the
right of one company to condemn lands which another railroad company
has already condemned or purchased for railroad purposes. Your com-
mittee has found the existing laws upon this subject to be as follows :
AS TO CROSSING NAVIGABLE STREAMS.
The general Railroad Act of 3Iay twentieth, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one, provided that railroad corporations should have the right
"to construct their road across, along or upon any stream of water,
water course, roadstead, bog, navigable stream, street, avenue or high-
way, or across any railway, canal, ditch or flume, which the route of its
road shall intersect, cross or run along, in such manner as to afford
security for life and property'' etc. (Statutes 1861, page 615, Sec. 17,
Sub 5.)
The succeeding Legislature of eighteen hundred and sixty-two seems
to have concluded that the foregoing provisions were in some respects
too broad, as they obviously were, for they amounted to a license to
railroad corporations to cross navigable streams, and enter the streets
and avenues of towns and cities, at their own will and pleasure, without
any power on the part of such towns and cities to control or regulate in
any manner the acts of such corporations. Accordingly, that body
passed an amendatory Act, in which it was provided that, "No railroad
company heretofore organized, or that may hereafter be organized,
under the Act of which this Act is amendatory, and to which it is sup-
plemental, shall have the right to use any of the streets or highways, or
any of the lands or waters within any incorporated cit}^ or any city and
count}- of this State, unless the right to use the same be granted to said
company by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the Board of
Supervisors, the Common Council, or other similar local authority of
said city and count}';" and such, as your committee are advised, is the
law at "the present time, and was the law at the time the California
Pacific commenced the crossing of the Sacramento River at the point in
question.
10
AS TO CROSSING THE TRACKS AND LAND OF ANOTHER RAILROAD COMPANY.
The Railroad Act of eighteen hundred and sixty-one, -which is still
the law and has been all the meantime, in relation to one railroad cross-
ing or forming a junction with another, provides that a railroad corpo-
ration shall have power "to cross, intei-soct, join and unite its railroad
with any other railroad, either before or after constructed, at any point
upon its route, and upon the grounds of such otiier railroad company,
with necessary turnouts, sidings and switches, and other conveniences,
in furtherance of the objects of its connection; and every company
whose railroad is, or shall be hereafter intersected by any new railroad,
shall unite with the owners of such new railroad in forming such inter-
sections and connections, and grant the facilities aforesaid ; and if the
two companies cannot agree upon the amount of the compensation to
be named therefor, or the points or the manner of such crossings, inter-
sections and connections, the same shall be ascertained and determined
by Commissioners to be appointed as is provided hereinafter, in respect
to the taking of lands ;" that is to say, by the Judge of the District
Court. (Statutes 1861, page 615, Sec. 17, Sub. 6.)
For the purpose of further illustrating the meaning of the foregoing
provision, in respect to the place and manner of the crossing being deter-
mined by Commissioners, your committee refer to another provision of
the same statute. Section nineteen provides that " Whenever the track
of such railroad shall cross a railroad or highway, such railroad or high-
way may be carried under, over, or on a level with the track, as ma^ be
most expedient." This provision further indicates, in the judgment of
your committee, that the place, mode and 7nanner of the crossing was
intended to be left to the determination of third parties, and not to the
exclusive choice of the company seeking a crossing.
The only other provision of the statute which seems to have any
bearing upon the subject of this bill, is that railroad corporations shall
have power " to erect and maintain all necessarj- and convenient build-
ings, stations, depots and fixtures and machinery for the accommodation
and use of their passengers, freight and business, and to obtain and hold
the lands and other pi'operty necessary therefor." (S^tion 17, subdivi-
sion 10.) There is no provision in the laws allowing one railroad to
condemn or occupy the lands of another railroad, except for the purpose
of effecting a "crossing" where their routes intersect each other, and
for the purpose of effecting a "junction" by which the cars of one road
can pass upon the tracks of the other, without, in the language of sea-
men, breaking bulk, or if the two tracks are not of the same gauge, can
approach the track of the other sufficiently near to admit of a convenient
interchange of passengers and freights.
WHAT THIS BILL PROPOSES.
At this stage of their report, your committee deem it important to
call the attention of the Senate to the leading provisions of this bill.
It does not propose to merely heal the infirmities which its movers
suppose may exist in the legal proceedings which are now pending in
the Courts, but to confer still greater rights and privileges than those
sought at the hands of the Courts.
The first section, in effect, authorizes the California Pacific to bring its
road across the Sacramento Iviver upon the bridge which has been con-
structed under its contract with the Sacramento and Yolo Bridge Com-
11
pany ; to cut and cross the tracks of the Central Pacific on First street,
beiiifjf six in number, and to extend its track on any street of the City of
Sacramento north of I and west of Sixth, and upon the lands of the
Central Pacific, upon such line or lines as said California Pacific may
select, not to interfere, however, with any permanent brick buildings
which have been erected by the Central Pacific ; and to that end said
California Pacific is authorized to appropriate a strip of land one hundred
feet wide, in the yard of the Central Pacific, at such place as it may
select, with the aforesaid limitations as to permanent brick buildings,
for its main track, with the privilege of extending its turnouts, side
tracks and switches wherever its managers may choose, with the afore-
said limitations as to brick buildings. This is all to be done according
to the will and judgment of the California Pacific, without any regard to
the wishes of the Central Pacific, which is to have no voice in the
matter.
The same section adopts the provisions of the general law upon the
subject of the condemnation of lands, except so far as the same may
require the party seeking their benefit to first obtain his rights by con-
tract, if he can ; and except so far as the same requires the 2''^'^^^ ^'^d
manner of the " crossing" of a navigable stream within the jurisdiction
of an incorporated city to be controlled and regulated by a two-thirds
majority of the local government of such city; and except so far as the
same requires the j)lace and manner of crossing a railroad to be selected
and determined by Commissioners appointed by the Courts for that"
purpose, where the two companies cannot agree ; and except so far as the
same prohibits, by not allowing, one railroad to condemn the lands of
another for other purposes than a mere "crossing" or "junction." In
short, this section adopts, and at the same time emasculates, the provi-
sions of the existing law in their wisest parts, leaving nothing to be
done b}" Commissioners except to assess the damages.
The third section legalizes and confirms the contract between the
California Pacific and the Sacramento and Yolo Bridge Company, under
which the bridge in question was built, and the right of the bridge com-
pany to continue the collection of tolls, as heretofore, upon the old
bridge.
The fourth section authorizes the California Pacific to take a strip of
land forty feet wide, commencing at deep water and extending east to
First street, which is now the property of the Central Pacific, the same
being the land upon which the eastern abutment of their bridge rests,
and a right of way thereto, without compensation.
The fifth section gives the California Pacific the right to effect a junc-
tion with the Central Pacific at or near the corner of Sixth and H streets,
and confers upon the Trustees of the City of Sacramento the power to
regulate by ordinance the receipt of the cars of one compan}^ by the
other, and the distribution of freight, and also the amount of compensa-
tion for such distribution.
The sixth section provides that the Act shall take effect immediately.
CONCLUSIONS.
In view of the foregoing matters of fact and of law, and the provi-
sions of this bill, the conclusions of your committee are as follows :
First — That the provisions of the existing law in relation to the bridging
of navigable streams, and the occupation of land within the jurisdiction
12
of incorporated cities, by railroad corporations, and the extension of
their roads to points within the limits of such cities, have been dictated
by a sound public policy. The power to bridge navigable waters, for
railroad or other purposes, ought not to be left o|)en to the arbitrary
exercise of tiio parlies in interest; nor ought liio privilege of bringing
railroads within the limits and upon the streets of incorporated cities to
be at the election of railroad corporations. Sliould tin's State adopt the
polic}' of allowing railroad coi'])oratiot)s to throw their bridges across
her navigable watei's and extend their roads, at pleasure, across the boun-
daries of her incorporated cities, the right of naviiration would, in a
measure, become subservient to a hostile interest, and the peojjle of her
cities subjected to anno^-ance and inconvenience, if not personal insecu-
rity and danger. That somebody ?ioi hUercsfed should have the control and
management of such matters — the power to determine whether a given
stream shall be crossed at all, and if so, at what point and in what
manner, and whether railroad companies shall be allowed to occupy
lands and bring their roads within incorporated cities, and if so, where
and in what manner — being apparent, it would seem clear that the power
to do so ought to be left where the present law places it, in thecit}' gov-
ernments, so far as the power to grant the pi-ivilege is concerned, and in
the Courts, so far as the mode and manner in which the fi-anchise is*to be
obtained and enjoyed, and the compensation to be paid therefor when-
ever it trenches upon private rights, are concerned. There can be but
one of two rules upon the subject — the rule of the present law, or the
rule of the law of eigiUeen hundred and sixty-one, which, as your com-
mittee have already shown, was abandoned by the IjCgislature of eighteen
hundred and sixty-two, for the reasons already suggested. As between
the two no one can hesitate as to which is the wiser rule. The former
is to a large degree an unconditional license to railroad corporations to
trespass upon the rights of navigation which the State is bound to pre-
serve for the common use of the public, and to override and disregard
powers which from time immemoi-ial it has been the custom of legislative
bodies to delegate to municipal corporations, ^o change therefore
should be made in this respect, in the judgment of your committee, in
the existing law. The power to permit tlie California Pacific IJailroad
Company to cross the Sacramento Eiver at the point mentioned in this
bill, and bring their road into Sacramento, or to do so at any other point,
now lies w^here it ought to lie, in the hands of the Board of Trustees of
that city. The crossing ought not to be granted except upon their con-
sent, and in no event ought the Legislature to grant the right until it
has iDeen denied by them upon insufficient or unreasonable grounds. It
has not been pretended on the part of the movers of this bill that the
right has been so denied, or denied at all upon any grounds whatever.
Second — Your committee is also of the opinion that no change should
be made in the existing lavv upon the subject of '• crossings" and "junc-
tions." No railroad should be allowed to cross another unless there is a
necesxifi/ therefor, and the crossing ought not to be made except in the
most expedient manner ; and your committee respectfully submit that
where the companies concerned in the matter are unable to agree upon
a crossing, it becomes at once a judicial question, or a question at least
which ought to be left, where the present law leaves it, to the Courts.
Such has been and is the uniform practice in England and in everj- State
of the American Union, and it is obvious that no other rule can be
adopted so convenient, so fair and equitable. The same is true of
"junctions." No company ought to be allowed to determine for itself
10
O
the place and maniKT in wliich a Junction shall be effected, li the com-
panies concerned cannot agree, the dispute ought to be settled in the
same forum to which the law sends all other legal controversies. It
would be contrary to the spirit of our institutions to allow one of the
disputants to finally decide the controversy, as is proposed b}' the
movers of this bill, but such a policj- would defeat itself b}- giving rise
to endless contention. The present law submits the subject of '"cross-
ings" and "junctions" to the Courts, acting by Commissioners, over
whom they have a supervisor^' power, and, in the judgment of your
committee, no better disposition can be made of it. This view is aptly
illustrated b}- the facts of the present case. On the part of the California
Pacitic it is contended that a crossing at the point mentioned in this
bill is entirely practicable and necessary; that a crossing at any other
point would require two bridges, where one is sufficient, to the prejudice
of navigation. On the part of the Central Pacific, it is insisted that a
crossing at the point in question is wholly unnecessary, and is less prac-
ticable than to the north of the y)resent bridge, where the California
Pacific first proposed, and yet has a legal right to cross ; in short, that a
crossing at the point in question is rtot only impracticable and unneces-
sary, but will tend to create, if not create, a public nuisance, by inter-
rupting and delaying the passage of cars and teams, which would be
wholly avoided by a crossing at the other point. Thus, by these respec-
tive allegations, issues are made, which are of vital importance to the
public as well as these railroad companies — issues which none but a
Court of justice can properly determine.
Third — Your committee are also of the opinion that the present law,
so far as it prohibits, b}' not allowing, one railroad company to condemn
the lands of another, except for the purpose of a "ci"0ssing" or a
''junction," should be allowed to remain unchanged.
It is doubtless true that the State, acting under the power of eminent
domain, ma}' take for public use lands and franchises which it has
alread}' granted or taken for the same purpose, upon just compensation
being paid therefor; but, as 3'our committee are advised, this has never
been done, except where the second taking is for a use which is more
convenient and advantageous to the public than the first. Thus the
lands or franchises of a turnpike, or bridge, or other similar corpoi'ation,
may be taken for a free road, or for a railroad, and such taking is allowed
and justified solely upon the ground that the latter afford superior
accommodations and are therefore of greater benefit to the public than
the former. For the same reason, doubtless, the taking of a short local
railroad for the use of a grand trunk road passing along the same route
might be justified — for its place might be fully supplied, and more too, by
the latter; but it certainly is mistaken policy to allow one railroad to
devour another, in whole or in part. In point of public use and conve-
nience, they are not the superiors, but the equals of each other. That a
superior improvement should be allowed to supplant an inferior is right,
for the interests of the public will be subserved thereby; but your com-
mittee are wholly unable to perceive why one superior improvement
should be allowed to supplant another of equal grade. On the contrary,
the public interests obviously require that the one should not be allowed
to supplant or crowd the other in such a way as to impair its usefulness
and general efficiency. That where different railroads, running upon
different lines of transportation and travel, intersect or cross each other,
every reasonable facility for effecting a crossing upon fair and equal
terms, having due regard to the security of persons and property, should
14
be afforded by the laws, does not admit of debate. That the same is true
of junctions, where different roads constitute different sections of the
same general line of transportation and travel, all will admit; but it is
quite apparent to your committdl that the existing laws upon this sub-
ject cannot be improved. It affords every reasonable facility for the
crossing of one road by another, and also for the forming of junctions.
In doing either, it does not, however, authorize one road to take or
appropriate to its separate and exclusive use the lands of another. So
far as may be necessary to effect a crossing or a junction, it allows to one
road an easement in the track and lands of another, which is all that the
necessities or convenience of the public require, and therefore all that
the laws ought to grant. If one railroad corporation be allowed to con-
demn the lands of another upon the pretense that its necessities or
conveniences require it, and be allowed to be its own judge as to such
necessity or convenience, its capacity for annoyance and mischief will be
beyond measure. Such a policy would be a legislative bid for one road
to attempt the destruction of another, and thus cripple rather than
increase the accommodations of the public.
Fourth — It being apparent that the present law is what it ought to be,
it follows that there can be no reason or occasion for the passage of this
bill, except such as its movers have themselves created. Indeed, the
only ground upon which its passage has been urged before your com-
mittee is, that the California Pacific Eailroad Company has misappre-
hended the true scope of the present law^, and may have therefore
involved themselves in difficulties from which the present law may afford
them no escape, except at a pecuniary loss to themselves. Admit, for the
sake of the argument, that this may be so, your committee have utterly
failed to perceive in it any valid reason why rulej of law, which are
founded in wisdom, which have been enforced as to other parties in the
past and are intended to be enforced in all cases hereafter, should be set
aside for the convenience of the movers of this bill To do so would
be to proclaim that to avoid or ride over the law it is only necessary to
first violate it, and then apply to the Legislature to legalize the viola-
lation. Your committee respectfully submit that it does not become the
dignity of the Legislature to thus wink at and pardon a violation of its
own laws.
But in addition to these considerations, this bill, in the judgment of
your committee, belongs to the worst class of special legislation. To
pass it would be to confer upon a single corporation privileges which it
is not proposed to confer upon all. To pass it would be to set aside a
general rule, which is entirely satisfactory, to meet the exigencies of a
particular case. To pass it would be to interpose in a matter ])ending
in the Courts of justice, and to use the power of the Legislature against
the party upon whose side lie all the merits of the controversy, which,
however great may be its sympathies in behalf of the movers of this
bill, this Senate cannot afford to do. In short, the passage of this bill
would be a precedent which ought not to be followed and therefore ought
not to be established.
Ftfdi — Neither in the matters of fact nor the matters of law connected
with this measure has your committee been able to discover anj- merit.
Your committee therefore report the bill back to the Senate, with the
recommendation that it be indefinitel}' postponed.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
n. KINCAID,
J. N. CHAPPELL,
J. II. LAWPENCE.
ANNUAL REPORTS
OF THE
Central Pacific Railroad Company
OF C^LIFORIS"!^,
TO THE
SECRETA.IIY OF STA^TE,
From 1862 to 1868.
D W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
REPORTS.
ANNUAL EEPOKT
Of the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year ending
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.
Capital stock — eight million five hundred thousand dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — twenty-four thousand six
hundred and twenty dollars.
Amount expended for purchase of lands — nothing.
Amount expended for construction of the road — nothing.
Amount expended for buildings — nothing
Amount expended for engines — nothing.
Amount expended for ears — nothing.
Amount of indebtedness — nothing.
Amount due the company — forty-one thousand five hundred and
ninety dollars.
Amount received from the transportation of passengers, property,
mail and express matter, and from other sources — nothing.
Amount of freight, in tons — none.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, buildings and other
expenses — nothing.
• Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine-houses and shops, engines and cars — none.
LELAND STANFORD, President.
JAMES BAILEY, Secretary.
MARK HOPKINS, Treasurer.
State of Calfornia, ]
City and County oJ Sacramento. J
Leland Stanford, President, James Bailey, Sccretar}-, and Mark Hop-
kins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California,
being sworn, sa}' : that the matters set forth in the foregoing annual
report of said companj-, by them subscribed, are true and correct, to the
best of our knowledge and belief.
LELAND STANTOPvD,
JAMES BAILEY.
MARK HOPKINS.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this seventeenth day of February,
eighteen hundred and sixty-three.
FRANCIS McCONNELL,
[Seal.] Notary Public.
Indorsed : Filed in office of Secretary of State, February seventeenth,
eighteen hundred and sixty-three.
ANNUAL REPORT
0/ the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Compavy of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year end in j
December thirty first, eighteen hundred and sixty-three.
Capital stock of the company, as stipulated in the articles of associa-
tion— eight million five hundi'cd thousand dollars.
Amount of capital stock subscribed — one million three hundi-ed and
sixty-four thousand dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — eight hundred and sixt}'-
three thousand one hundred and forty dollars.
Amount paid for purchase of lands — one hundred dollars.
Amount expended on construction account — nine hundred and forty-
seven thousand fifty-eight dollars and ninety-one cents.
Amount expended for buildings — one thousand five hundred and
seventy-eight dollars and nineteen cents.
• Amount expended for engines — sixty-seven thousand nine hundred
and ninety-five dollars and fifty-nine cents.
Amount expended for cars — fifty thousand seventy-three dollars and
twelve cents.
The indebtedness of the company is —
In first mortgage bonds issued — seven hundred and eighty-five thou-
sand dollars ;
In bills payable in United States notes — two hundred and ten thou-
sand dollars;
In unadjusted accounts — about five thousand dollars.
The amount due the company is —
From stockholders on subscription — five hundred thousand eight
hundred and sixty dollars;
Balance on deposit in Mew York — eighty-seven thousand four hun-
dred dollars and twenty-one cents.
Amount received from transportation of passengers, property, etc —
nothing.
Amount of freight, in tons — none.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, building and other expenses
of running the road — nothing.
Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine houses — one of wood (temporary).
Number of shops — three of wood (temporary).
Number of engines — six.
Number of freight cars — forty.
Number of passenger cars — six.
Number of baggage cars — two.
Number of hand cars — two.
Number of construction cars — three.
St.\te of California,
County of Sacramento.
Lchind Stanford. Pi-esident of the said Central Pacific Eailroad Com-
pany of California, E. H. Miller, Jr., Secretary and .Mark Hopkins,
Treasurer thereof, being duly sworn, say : that the foregoing report and
statement is correct.
LELAND STANFORD,
E. H. MILLER, Jr.,
MARK HOPKINS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this ninth day of February,
eighteen hundred and sixty-four.
/Five cent,=i Internal Revenue)
( Stamp cancelled. /
FRANCIS McCONNELL,
[Seal.] Notary Public.
Indorsed : Filed in office of Secretary of State, February ninth,
eighteen hundred and sixty-four.
Fees paid, five dollars.
HENDERSON.
ANNUAL REPOET
Of the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California^ for the year endiny
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixfy-foitr.
Capital stock — twenty million dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — one million four Lundrcd
and three thousand two hundred and thirty dollars.
Amount expended for the purchase of lands — three thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four dollars and ei,<^hty-two cents.
Amount expended for the construction of the road — two million forty-
three thousand eight hundred and sixteen dollars and seventy-seven
cents.
Amount expended for buildings — eleven thousand one hundred and
sixt}' dollars and four cents. ,
Amount expended for engines — ninety thousand three hundred and
fifty dollars and eighty-six cents.
Amount expended for cars — ninety-two thousand one hundred and
twelve dollars and ninety-one cents.
Amount of indebtedness — one million six hundred and eightj^-five
thousand two hundred and sixty-six dollars and forty-two cents, as
follows, viz :
Bonds of the company, payable July first, eighteen hundred and
eighty-three — one million three hundred and ninety-four thousand
dollars;
Bonds of the company, payable July first, eighteen hundred and
eighty-four — twenty-seven thousand dollars;
Note of the company — twenty-five thousand dollars;
Unpaid accounts, pay-roll, etc. — nine thousand five hundred and sixty
dollars and nineteen cents;
Personal accounts — one hundred and seventj'-seven thousand four
hundred and ninet3'-scven dollars and three cents; ,
Treasurer of the company — fifty-two thousand two hundred and nine
dollars and twent}^ cents.
Amount due the corporation — one million nine hundred and eighty-
one thousand six hundred and twent^'-one dollars and ninety-five cents.
Amount received from the transportation of passengers, property,
mails, express matter and from other business of the road — one hundred
and tliirteen thousand four hundred and thirteen dollars and eighty-
nine cents.
Amount of freiglit transported — thirteen thousand nine hundred and
two tons and eight hundred pounds.
Amount paid fur re])airs of engines, cars, buildings and other expenses
(being the cunxMit expenses of running the road) — sixty-six thousand
five hundred and forty-one do.llars and ninety-eigiit cents.
Number and amount of dividends — none..
Number of engine iiouses — one.
Number of ear Hhojjs — one.
Number of blacksmith shops — one.
Number of locomotive enirines — eifrht.
Number of passenger cars — ten.
Number of baggage cars — four.
Number of freight cars — one hundred and twenty-four.
Number of hand cars — five.
Number of construction cars — three.
State op California, 1
County of Sacramento, j
Leland Stanford, President, E. H. Miller, Jr., Secretary, and Mark
Hopkins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific Railroad Comjiany of Cali-
fornia, being duly sworn, say: that the matters and things set forth in
the foregoing report are true, according to the best of their belief.
LELAND STANFORD,
E. H. MILLER, Jr.,
MARK HOPKINS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this fifteenth daj- of February,
eighteen hundred and sixty-five
{Five cents Internal Revenue \
Stamp canceUed. j
E. B. CROCKER,
Court Commissioner, Sacramento County, California.
Indorsed : Filed February fifteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five.
ANNUAL REPORT
0/ the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to
the. Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year ending
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-five.
Capital stock — twenty million dollars.
Amount of capital stock subscribed — three million three hundred and
sixty-three thousand three hundred dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — three million two hundred
and seventy thousand one hundred and twenty dollars.
Amount expended for the purchase of lands — eight thousand five
hundred and seventeen dollars and twenty-three cents.
Amount expended for construction of the road — six million two hun-
dred and ninety-nine thousand one hundred and forty-six dollars and
twenty-one cents.
Amount expended for buildings — twenty-one thousand nine hupdred
and sixty-eight dollars and eighty-eight cents.
Amount expended for engines — one hundred and one thousand five
hundred and seventy-eight dollars and eighty-six cents.
Amount expended for cars — one hundred and nineteen thousand six
hundred and forty-two dollars and eighty-two cents.
Amount of indebtedness of the company — three million two hundred
8
and thirty-eight thousand two hundred and five dollars and seventy-five
cents.
On bonds, notes, and personal accounts, and the amount due the
corporation — five hundred and seventeen thousand and forty-two dol-
lars and Hixt^'-ninc cents.
Amount received from the transportation of passengers, property,
mails, express matter, and from other business of the read — four hun-
dred and five thousand five hundred and eighty-one dollars and ninety-
five cents.
Amount of freight transported — fifty-seven thousand nine hundred
and eighty-one and three hundred and eleven on^-thousandths tons.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, buildings, and other expenses
(being the current expenses of running the road) — one hundred and
twenty-seven thousand two hundred and forty-seven dollars and nine-
teen cents.
Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine houses — two.
Number of repair shops — one.
Number of blacksmith shops — one.
Number of locomotive engines — twelve
Number of passenger cars — six.
Number of baggage cars — tbred.
Number of freight cars — one hundred and twenty-four.
Number of dump cars — twenty.
Number of hand cars — ten.
Number of section cars — eight.
Number of iron cars — three.
Number of yard cars — one.
State of California, )
County of Sacramento, j
Leland Stanford, President, B. II. Miller. Jr., Secfttar}^, and Mark
Hopkins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific .Railroad Company of Cali-
fornia, being duly sworn, say : that the matters and things set forth in
the foregoing report are true, according to the best of their belief
LELAND STANFORD,
E. n. MILLEK, Jr.,
MAJRK HOPK.INS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this sixth day of February,
eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
[FiTo cents Internal RcTenue"!
Stamp caucollod. J
E. B. CROCKER,
Court Commissioner, Sacramento County, California.
Indorsed : Filed February twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty
sis:.
ANNUAL EEPORT
Of the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year ending
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
Capital stock — twenty million dollars.
Amount of capital stock subscribed — eight million five hundred and
eighty thousand and six hundred dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — eight million five hundred
and four thousand two hundred and ten dollars.
Amount expended for the purchase of lands — twenty-three thousand
eight hundred and eighty-nine dollars and sixty-four cents.
Amount expended for construction of the road — seventeen million
sixty-two thousand one hundred and five dollars and ninety cents.
Amount expended for buildings — thirty-six thousand seven hundred
and seventy-one dollars and forty-six cents.
Amount expended for engines — five hundred and four thousand and
forty dollars and ninety-three cents.
Amount expended for cars — four hundred and thirty-four thousand
six hundred and fifty-nine dollars and eight cents.
Amount of indebtedness — nine million seven hundred and ten thou-
sand two hundred and eighty-eight dollars and seventy-three cents.
On bonds, notes, and personal accounts, and the amount due the com-
pany— three hundred and ninety-six thousand nine hundred and forty-
eight dollars and twenty-three cents.
Amount received from transportation of passengers, property, mails,
express matter, and from other business of the road — eight hundred and,
sixty-four thousand two hundred and sixty-eight dollars and sixteen
cents.
Amount of freight transported — eighty-seven thousand eighty-five
and four-fifths tons.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, buildings, and other expenses,
in gross (being the current expenses of running the road) — four hundred
and seven thousand seven hundred and seven dollars and ninety-five
cents.
Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine houses — two.
Number of repair shops — two.
Number of blacksmilh shops — one.
Number of locomotive engines — nineteen.
Number of passenger cars — six.
Number of baggage cars — four.
Number of freight cars — one hundred and ninety-nine.
Number of dump cars — forty-five.
Number of hand cars — eighteen.
Number of section cars — sixteen.
Number of construction cars — two.
Number of yard cars — one.
10
State of Ualifohnia, )
County of Sacramento. |
Leland Stanford, President, E. H. Miller, Jr., Secretary, and Mark
Hopkins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company of Cali-
fornia, beinfr duly sworn, say: that the matters and things set forth in
the foregoing report are true, according to the best of their belief
LELAND STANFORD,
E. II. MILLEK, Jr.,
MARK HOPKINS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this eleventh day of February,
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.
[Five cents Internal Kovenue"]
Stamp cancelled. J
E. B. CROCKER,
Court Commissioner, Sacramento County, California.
Indorsed: Filed February fourteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven.
ANNUAL REPORT
Of the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year ending
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.
Capital stock — twenty million dollars. #
Amount of capital stock subscribed — fourteen million nine hundred
and twenty-three thousand four hundred dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — fourteen million eight hun-
dred and fifty-four thousand five hundred and forty dollars.
Amount expended for the purchase of lands — thirty-two thousand
seven hundred and eighty-seven dollars and forty-nine cents.
Amount expended for construction of the road — twenty-nine million
five hundred and two thousand and forty-one dollars and fift3'-five cents.
Amount expended for buildings — one hundred and forty-five thousand
ninety-five dollars and eighty-five cents.
Amount expended for engines — eight hundred thousand two hundred
and twenty-three dollars and thirty-three cents.
Amount expended for cars — seven hundred and seventy-eight thou-
sand six hundred and seventy-two dollars and forty-six cents.
Amount of indebtedness — seventeen million five hundred and seventy-
six thousand two hundred and fourteen dollars and eighty-three cents.
On bonds, notes, and personal accounts, and the amount due the com-
pany— five hundred and eighty-seven thousand three hundred and
thirty-six dollars and fiftj'-nine cents.
Amount received for the transportation of passengers, property,
mails, express matter, and from other business of tiie road — one million
11
fr)ur hundred aqd thirty-three thousand six hundred and fortj-'five
dollars and seventy-four cents.
Amount of freight transported — one hundred and thirty-nine thousand
two hundred and fifty-one and two hundred and eighty-one two-thou-
sandths tons.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, buildings, and otiier expenses
(being the current expenses of running the road) — seven hundred and
sevent^'-six thousand eight hundred and twentj^-nino dollars and thirt}''-
one cents.
Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine houses — two.
Number of repair shops — three.
Number of blacksmith shops — one.
Number of locomotive engines — fifty-one.
Number of passenger cars — ten.
Number of bafft^atjre cars — five.
Number of freight cars — four hundred and forty-three.
Number of dump cars— forty-five.
Number of hand cars — twenty-three.
Number of section cars — twenty-two.
Number of snow ploughs — four.
Number of yard cars — two.
State of California, ")
County of Sacramento, j
Leland Stanford, President, E. H. Miller, Jr., Secretary, and Mark
Hopkins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company of Cali-
fornia, being duly sworn, say: that the matters and things set forth in
the foregoing report are true, according to the best of their belief.
LELAND STANFORD,
E. H. MILLER, Jr.,
MARK HOPKINS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this fourteenth day of February,
eighteen hundred and sixtv-eight.
JULIUS WETZLAR,
[Seal] Notary Public.
Filed in office of the Secretary of State, April sixteenth, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-eight.
H. L. NICHOLS,
Secretary of State.
By Lew B. Harris,
Deputy.
12
ANNUAL REPOKT
Of the operations of the Central Pacific Railroad Comp.niy of California, to
the Secretary of State of the State of California, for the year enoitnj
December thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sihty-eight.
Capital stock — one hundred million dollars.
Amount of capital stock subscribed — twentj'-four million six liundrtd
and seventy-nine thousand nine hundred dollars.
Amount of capital stock actually paid in — twenty-four niilliuii .>-i.\
hundred and twelve thousand and ninetj' dollars.
Total amount expended for the purchase of lands — thirty-nine thou-
sand two hundred and nine dollars and fifty-four cents.
Total amount expended for construction of the joad — fifty-six million
eight hundred and thirty-three thousand three hundred and nineteen
dollars and twenty-eight cents.
Total amount expended for buildings — four hundred and thirteen
thousand three hundred and twentj'-two dollars and eighty-six cents.
Total amount expended for engines — two million ninety-eight thou-
sand five hundred and sixty-seven dollars and fiftj'-one cents.
Total amount expended for cars — one million six hundred and twenty-
two thousand four hundred and seventy-two dollars and ninety-one
cents.
Total amount of indebtedness — thirty-seven million eight hundred
and sixteen thousand four hundred and ninety-eight dollars and seven-
teen cents.
On bonds, notes, and personal accounts, and the amount due the com-
pany— two million seven hundred and nine thousand seven hundred and
fifty-three dollars and forty-six cents.
Amount received for the transportation of passengers, property,
mails, and express matter, and from other business of the road, during
the year — two million three hundred and sixteen thousand four hundred
and sixty-five dollars and fifteen cents. •
Amount of freight transported during the year — one hundred and
eighty-two thousand four hundred and sixtj'-four tons.
Amount paid for repairs of engines, cars, buildings, and other expenses
(being the current expenses of running the road for the year) — eight
hundred and forty-three thousand one h.undred and sixty-six dollars and
fifty -four cents.
Amount paid for taxes — one hundred and twenty-two thousand three
hundred and one dollars and eighty-seven cents.
Amount paid for interest — one million thirty-six thousand five hun-
dred and ninety-five dollars and ninety cents; amounting in all, to two
million two thousand and sixty-four dollars and thirty-one cents.
Number and amount of dividends — none.
Number of engine houses — seven.
Number of repair shops — six.
Number of locomotive engines — one hundred and forty.
Number of passenger cars — thirteen.
Number of baggage cars — six.
Number of mail and express cars — two.
Number of freight cars — thirteen hundred and thirty-three.
Numl)orof dump oar.'; — ninetj'-five.
Number of hand cars — seventy-nine.
13
Number of section cars — sixty-threo.
Xumber of yard cars — ten.
Number of iron cars — thirty-four.
Number of snow ploughs — six.
State of California, 1
County of Sacramento. )
Leland Stanford, President, E. H. Miller, Jr., Secretary, and Mark
Hopkins, Treasurer, of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company of Cali-
fornia, being duly sworn, say: that the matters and things set forth in
the foregoing report are true, according to the best of their belief.
LELAND STANFORD,
E. H. MILLER, Jr.,
MAKK HOPKINS.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this nineteenth day of February,
Ano Domini eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.
CHARLES J. TORBERT,
Notary Public, in and for Sacramento County, California.
[Seal.]
Indorsed : Filed in office of the Secretary of State, February twen-
tieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.
H. L. NICHOLS,
Secretary of State.
By Lew B. Harris,
Deputy,
• \
MAJORITY AND MINORITY REPORTS
JOINT COMMITTEE
PERMANENT LOCATION OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
m:a.joiiity report.
Mr. Speaker : The special joint committee appointed to visit the dif-
ferent sites proposed for the permanent location of the State Normal
School beg leave to report to the honorable Senate and Assembly that
they have visited the following named places, viz:
San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Santa Clara, Napa, Martinez, Peta-
luma and Stockton — in all cases on direct invitation from the proper
authorities.
The following proposals have been received by your committee, to wit:
The Cit}'' of San Francisco offers to donate to the State, for the purpose
of locating the State Normal School thereon, a portion of Hamilton
Square, said lot joining the Great Park, and is situated on a macadam-
ized street leading to the Cliff House. It contains about three acres of
ground, and is the most eligible situation for said .institution, of any of
the unappropriated lands to which the said city is entitled, and is valued
at fifty thousand dollars.
The City of Oakland proposes to grant for the purpose above specified,
anyone of several beautiful and eligible sites for said Normal School,
and bonds of said city to the amount of fifty thousand dollars.
Oakland has a desirable climate, and is accessible by railroad and
water. In the judgment of your committee it is one of the most beau-
tiful cities in the State.
The Common Council of the City of San Jose have ofi'ered to donate to
the State either of its public squares, which are as follows :
Market Square, in the heart of the city, containing about three and
one-half acres, and already beautifully ornamented, and valued at at least
one hundred thousand dollars.
St. James' Square, directly opposite the new Court-house, containing
nearly eight acres, now being ornamented, or Washington Square, situ-
ated between Fourth and Seventh streets and San Fernando and San
Carlo streets, containing nearly twenty-seven acres, also now being
ornamented, and worth at least two hundred thousand dollars.
The citizens of San Jos6 offer, if neither of the above sites should be
accepted, to allow the State to make any other reasonable location in
the city; and said city will purchase and donate the same to the State.
Martinez is a little town situated at the foot of the Alhambra Valley,
with the Straits of Carquinez in front and Monte Diablo in the back-
ground, with the beautiful Pacheco and San Earaon Valleys skirting its
base, forming a picture of surpassing beauty.
The people of this place will give the necessary amount of land, say
from ten to one hundred acres, as the locating committee may select.
The climate is mild and healthy.
Santa Clara proposes to donate to the State the grounds and buildings
known as Santa Clara Pacific College, a very eligible site, accessible by
railroad.
The Town of Santa Clara is situated in the midst of a valley which
has long been regarded the " garden spot " of the State.
The Town of Napa will donate, for the purposes above mentioned, the
necessary amount of land, say from ten to thirty acres.
There are several elevated situations, adjacent to said town, wbrich are
peculiarly picturesque. In addition to the above, Napa County offers to
issue bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars, for the pur-
pose of erecting the necessary buildings.
The Town of Petalnma will give any one of several beautiful sites
adjacent thereto, containing from six to sixty acres of ground, for the
purpose above specified. The town has a good location and a healthy
climate, and their citizens are noted for their hospitality, enterprise and
liberality.
The City of Stockton will donate to the State any one of several lots
of land, containing from ten to fifty acres, to<rether with a cash sub-
scription of fifteen thousand dollars bj' her citizens. The climate and
accessibility of Stockton are well known to every member of your hon-
orable body, and need no comments by 3'our committee.
After visiting and carefully considering the advantages and disadvan-
tages attending the location of the State Normal School at any of the
above named places, in the judgment of a majority of your committee
the best interests of the said school and State would be promoted by
16cating said institution in the City of San Jose.
CAROTHERS,
Chairman of Joint Committee,
By request of majority.
The minority of said committee, whilst fully concurring in the facts
herein submitted for their consideration, differ with the majority only
as to the location of said school, Messrs. Naphtaly and McMillan favor-
ing San f rancisco, and the undersigned, Martinez.
CAROTHERS.
MINORITY REI^ORT.
Mr. Speaker : The minority ot your Committee pn the Permanent
Location of the State Normal School beg leave to report that, in the
judgment of said minority, the best interest of the said institution and*
the State would be promoted by locating the same at Martinez, for the
following reasons, to wit :
Our ideas of a university, college, or any institution of learning, are
so strongly associated in the mind with some prominent eminence,
ornamented by nature or art, overlooking some beautiful town, bay, city,
winding river, fertile valley or dotted landscape, that we can scarcely
think of one without associating it with the other.
To every one who has visited our vState, it is apparent that the Bay of
San Francisco is the " Hudson " of California, and that upon its green
and sloping banks will be reared our " Sunnysides " and " Idlewilds,"
our " Ashlands" and " Marshfields," and clustered around its beautiful
borders will be the homes of our statesmen, poets and scholars, together
with the wealth and refinement of the State.
That the Town of Martinez possesses many advantages that will
attract the attention of those who are seeking beautiful homes can
scarcely be denied. It is centrally located, and of easy access by water.
The surrounding scenery is beautiful, and the climate delightful. It has
all the advantages arising from a locality not subject to the excitements
of large cities. Here the pupil's mind is free from those excitements,
and there is nothing to distract the attention from the studies being
pursued. Here Nature in all her varied forms may be contemplated.
On the ground, or adjacent thereto, is a quarry of beautiful brown
freestone, suitable for building purposes, also a spring of pure water,
which can be carried to the highest rooms by means of pipes, at a very
small expense. The location commends itself to all who pass the place
on the steamers running from San Francisco to the cities of the interior
of the State.
It appears to the minority of your committee, that ideas similar to
these prevailed in the minds of the committee who selected the grounds
upon which we propose to erect the " Lordly halls of the State
University," for we find that they have selected a beautiful situation,
somewhat elevated, and near the foot-hills, with the broad and fertile
valley of Oakland in front, while far oiit beyond the Golden Gate, the
Farallones loom up like sentinels. Its lofty dome will attract the travel-
ler's eye as he sits on the deck of the passing steamer, and he is at once
led to admire the wisdom of the Legislature that placed it there.
CAEOTHEES, Minoritj.
PETITION
CALIFORNIA PRISON COMMISSION
DONATION FROM THE STATE.
D. W. QELWICKS STATE PRINTER
f»etitio:n
Office of the California Prison Commission, ")
San Francisco, February 28th, 1870. j
To the Honorable Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
The undersigned, officers and Trnstees of the California Prison Com-
mission, would respectfully ask leave to submit the following:
Our association has for its object, according to the Constitution : " The
amelioration of the condition of prisoners; the improvement of prisons
and prison discipline; the aid and encouragement of discharged prison-
ers." In pursuance of these objects, we employ a person who acts as Gen-
eral Agent of the Commission, and who gives his entire time to the duties
of his office. He makes frequent visits to the city prison and county
jail in this city, as well as to the State Prison, for the purpose of render-
ing such assistance to the inmates as maybe necessary and proper;
and after their release, extends to those, who choose to call upon him,
such aid as may be required ; assisting them to obtain employment, ad-
vising and encouraging them, supplying them with means to leave the
city, or doing for them whatever at the time may seem expedient.
A summary of our expenditures, with the number of persons assisted
by us during the last two years, being contained in a report recently
presented to you, it is unnecessary to repeat it here. During the past
year we have done much to aid the officers of the State Prison in giving
greater efficiency to the prison school and library. "We have secured
large donations of books for both, and one of our number, whose life has
been devoted to the cause of education, has frequently visited the prison,
for the express purpose of attending to the mental and moral interests of
the prisoners, giving his time and labor without any compensation what-
ever
We are in constant correspondence with associations similar in char-
acter to our own elsewhere, receiving from them reports and other docu-
ments containing much valuable information in regard to penal matters,
collected from various sources, which we endeavor, in different ways, to
lay before the public, and thus to secure more correct views in reference
to these things. Our aim is to show what experience elsewhere has
proved to be the best measures to be employed in dealing with criminals,
and to secure the adoption, so far as practicable, of such measures in our
own State. In this connection we wish to speak of a call which has re-
cently been issued, for a National Congress for conference on criminal
punishment and reformatorj^ treatment, to be held next autumn in the
City of Cincinnati, the Board of Directors of the House of Refuge there
having signified that such a congress would be welcomed in that city.
The call is signed by the wardens and superintendents of prisons and re-
formatories in difTerent States of the Union, north and south, and by
many other gentlemen of the highest standing, who have long been
actively interested in matters of this character. A committee of ar-
rangements has been appointed, composed of men whoso names are a
sufficient guarant}' that everything proper will bo done to make the un-
dertaking successful. At that convention will, in all probability, be
taken into consideration the question of an International Congress on
penitentiary and correctional discipline, to be held next year in one of
the cities of Europe. These conventions will no doubt result in dissem-
inating a vast amount of valuable information, and that we, as a State,
may reap our full share of the benefit that will accrue, it is, in our opin-
ion, expedient that a delegate from California attend both these gath-
erings. We also think it highl}' proper that the State be represented
through the Prison Commission. This being in the direct line of our
objects, we should see that the designs had in view were proporl}^ carried
out; and we are sure that the business would be accomplished more
economically under our auspices, than if undertaken through any other
channel. It is our intention, if it shall be found practicable, to appoint
such a delegate, to represent us and the State whose interests we are
striving to serve.
In view of all these statements, showing what we have done and what
we intend to do, for the public good, we consider ourselves warranted in
coming before you to ask for a liberal donation to aid us in carrjMng out
our designs. The sum which we have fixed upon to ask you for in six
thousand dollars, that is, three thousand dollars for each of the two en-
suing years; and in view of the rapid growth of our field of labor, and
the increased expense consequent upon the contemplated conventions
before referred to, we think this amount none to large The New York
Prison Association, an organization of the same character with our own,
has for some years received, annually, three thousand dollars from the
State, and two thousand five hundred dollars from the City of ]^ew York.
Last year the appropriation from the State was increased to four thou-
sand dollars.
We trust that these things, taken together, will convince you of the
propriety of our request, and that 3'ou will be prevailed upon to comply
with it.
We can only add the promise, that if the money asked for shall be
granted, we shall endeavor to expend it as judiciously as it is possible to
do.
ALPHEUS BULL, President.
HE.NPY GIBBONS, Vice President,
JAMES WOODWOUTII, Secretary,
WM. T. LUCKY,
ANDEEW J. MOULDER,
NATHANIEL GRAY,
JAMES LINFORTH,
J. C. SPENCER,
A. B. FORBES,
A. J. RALSTON,
W. T. ANDREWS,
C. L. TAYLOR,
GEORGE BARSTOW,
J. W. H. CAMPBELL,
H. F. WILLIAMS.
STATEMENT.
San Francisco, February 10th, 1870.
To the Honorable Senate and Assembly/ of the Stale of California:
As nearly in accordance with the legal requirements in the case as
practicable, wc hereby submit to you a statement of the expenditures of
ihe California Prison Commission for the two 3'ear8 prior to the twenty-
second day of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, together
with other facts required to be presented.
The expenditures were as follows :
Office rent twenty-four months, at ten dollars per month
Salary of General Agent twenty-four months, at one hundred
dollars per month
Relief of discharged prisoners
Miscellaneous expenses
Total
$240 00
2,400 00
532 63
362 47
$8,535 10
In addition to this, we paid eight hundred dollars for debts previ-
ously incurred.
Of the entire sum expended, two thousand dollars were received from
the State treasurj^ that amount having been appropriated for our
benefit by the last Legislature ; the balance was contributed by friends
of the Commission.
The smallness, proportionally, of the amount given as expended for
the relief of discharged prisoners, is accounted for thus:
First — None of the money appropriated by the Legislature was
received until near the close of the first year, so that we had but little
benefit of it except for the second year, during which we expended for
this purpose three hundred and seventy-one dollars and seventy-eight
cents. Even this amount seems small ; but.
Second — We have placed in this account only the actual cash expended
for the direct benefit of those whom we have aided. Much assistance
has been rendered, by personal effort, that could not be stated in figures
at all. Besides, for such things as clothing, the passage of men to the
interior, over the various lines of travel, etc., we have paid hardly an}^-
thing. All of this must be apparent to you when we state that the
whole number of persons assisted in various ways by us, during the two
years, is six liundred and sixty-nine; and that if all others, for
whom a great variety of kind offices have been performed, were added,
the number would be greatly increased.
We trust that all of these facts will be taken into consideration by
you in judging of our fidelity as almoners of your bounty, and that
they will show that the money received hy us from the public treasury
has been judiciously expended.
ALPHEUS BULL, President.
JAMES WOODWORTH, Secretary.
State of California, )
City and County of San Francisco, j
On this, tenth day of February, eighteen hundred and seventy, per-
sonally appeared before rae, James Woodworth, Secretary of the Cali-
fornia Prison Commission, who, having been by me sworn, declared that
the foregoing statement is true, to the best of his knowledge and belief.
JAMES WOODWORTH.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this day and year above written.
FRANK V. SCUDDER, Notary Public.
PETITIOISr
BOARD OF SUPERYISORS
FOR AN APPROPRIATION FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE
NON-RESIDENT INDIGENT SICK OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
D. "W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
PETITION.
To the Honorable Members of the Senate and Assembly of the State of Cali-
fornia :
Gentlemen : Your petitioners, members of the Board of Supervisors
of the Couuty of Los Angeles^ repectfully represent to your honorable
body :
That the County of Los Angeles is now maintaining, and has maintained
for many years past, an hospital from tlie revenues of said county, for the
support and care of the indigent sick thereof, the genial climate of which
is such as to attract the broken in health from all parts of the Pacific
States, who visit Los Angeles in large numbers, in the hope of recuper-
ating their shattered and enfeebled health — enfeebled in body and mind,
suffering from chronic and incurable diseases, without means or friends —
they become burdens upon the charity of this county, from which it
would be inhuman and uncivilized to exclude them.
That, as shown i^y the following report of the County Physician, for
the year ending October thirty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine:
In November, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, thirty-three patients
were treated in hospital ; of this number, ten were residents of the
county; eight from San Francisco; seven from Arizona; one from Mon-
tana; one from Oregon ; one from Lone Pine; one from Santa Clara;
one from Kern County; one from San Jose; one from Mendocino.
In December, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, twelve patients treated
in hospital; residents of county, six; San Francisco, four; Arizona,
one; unknown, one.
In January, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, ten patients admitted ;
residents of count}', seven; San Francisco, one; Arizona, one; San Ber-
nardino, one.
In February, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, r.en patients admitted;
residents, four; San Francisco, two; Arizona, three; JN^evada, one.
In March, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, seven patients admitted;
residents of county, two ; Arizona, four; unknown, one.
In April, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, eight patients admitted;
residents, one; Placervillc, one; Nevada, one; Sonora, two; Arizona,
one; unknown, two.
In May, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, seven patients admitted;
San Francisco, one; Arizona, two; unknown, four.
In Juno, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, thirteen patients admitted;
residents, three j San Francisco, one ; Arizona, three ; Sonora, one ;
unknown, five.
In July, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, nine patients admitted;
residents, four ; San Francisco, one ; San Jose, one; Santa Barbara, one;
unknown, two.
In August, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, eight patients admitted;
residents, five; San Francisco, one ; Arizona, one; unknown, one.
In September, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, sixteen patients
admitted; residents, two ; San Francisco, two ; Arizona, four; Nevada,
one; Santa Clara, one ; Minnesota, one; Sacramento, one ; Tulare, two;
New Mexico, one; unknown, one.
In October, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, fifteen patients admitted ;
residents, five; Arizona, five; Texas, one ; Alaska, one; Lone Pine, one;
Visalia, one; unknown, one.
It will be seen by the above statement that there were only forty-
eight residents of the county treated in the hospital during the last
year.
JOHN S. GEIFFIN, M. D.
RECAPITULATION.
Month.
Resident.
Foreign.
Total.
November
10
6
6
4
2
1
0
3
4
5
2
5
23
6
4
6
5
7
7
10
• 5
3
14
10
83
Dece m ber
12
Jan uary
10
February
10
March
7
April
8
May
7
June
13
July
9
August
8
September
16
October
15
48
100
148
One hundred and forty-eight patients were treated in the hospital, at
a cost to the county of nine thousand one hundred and ninety-five
dollars, one hundred of whom were non-residents of the count}' at the
time of their admission into the hospital, against forty-eight residents of
the county, thus showing the county to have expended more than five
thousand dollars during the year in the treatment of non-resident
patients, so great has been the increase of non-resident patients during
the year eighteen hundred and sixty-nine. The county hospital cost,
under the most economical management, nine thousand one hundred and
ninety-five dollars for eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, to four thousand
six hundred and eighty-four dollars for the year eighteen hundred and
sixty-eight. The city and county have also expended during the year, for
the treatment of small-pox patients, in a hospital established for that
purpose, the sum of nine thousand two hundred and forty-two dollars
and eighty-one cents, at whicli a large proportion of the patients were
non-residents, which makes the total amount expended for hospital pur-
poses eighteen thousand four hundred and thirty-seven dollars and
eighty-one cents, a sum of money almost equal to the total civil expen-
ditures of the county. The rigors of the northern climate of many of
the States and Territories, and the hardships and exposures undergone
by those who sought to develop the mineral wealth of the Pacific, has
undermined and broken down the health of a large number of vigorous
men, who are daily turning their feeble steps to the counties of the
South, in hopes of either recovering their health or protracting for a
time their lives, and when they reach this county, penniless and suffer-
ing, their claims upon humanity require that they should be properly
cared for. Th's we have endeavored to do. They have been furnished
with every comfort to be found in a well-managed hospital, supplied
with the best of medical advice, and either cured or tenderly nursed by
those ever faithful angels of mercy, the Sisters of Charity, until death
relieved them of diseases that baffled the skill of man.
In view of the facts herein recited, and the rapidity with which non-
resident patients are accumulating in our hospital, and believing that
your honorable body, when properly advised thereof, would be unwilling
to permit this county to bear all the burden of relieving and maintaining
the unfortunates from every part of the State and the adjoining Terri-
tories that seek medical aid and the blessings of kind attention in our
hospital, we respectfully and humbly pray your honorable body to make a
yearly appropriation of five thousand dollars, for the support of the non-
resident indigent sick of Los Angeles County; and your petitioners will
ever pray, etc.
WALLACE WOODWOETH,
Chairman Board of Supervisors.
J. B. WINSTOjS^,
HENEIQUE ABILA,
R H. MAYES,
HUGH FORSEMAN,
Supervisors.
WBtmmaamaam^
PETITIOISr
Marysville Benevolent Society
A.PPROPRI^TION.
D. W. GEMVICKS STATE PRINTKK.
PETITION.
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
The undersigned, citizens of Marjsville, and active members of the
Marysville Benevolent Society, respectfully represent that the said
society is not sectarian in its management, its purposes or its charities;
that the calls of the actually destitute cannot be met for want of suffi-
cient means, it being dependent upon voluntary contributions by our
citizens; that many cases which appeal to us are not actual residents,
but those who, as usual, seeking to better their condition by coming to a
city, become utterly destitute, or overtaken by sickness, are helpless;
that no person connected with the society receives any compensation
for services rendered, but that all its receipts are devoted to the allevia-
tion of actual suffering and want. Having observed the liberality you
have shown to kindred institutions, we confidently appeal to you for aid,
and believe that you will not think an appropriation of one thousand
dollars to be too large, that being for two years.
We have the honor to be, very respectfully,
W. McKAIG,
A. W. TORREY.
a S. COOLEY,
SANFORD BLODGETT,
WILLIAM GUMMOC.
JAMES WILLIAMSON.
TESTIMOIST Y
TAKEN BEFORE THE
Special Committee of the Senate,
TO INQUIRE INTO THE MATTERS OF THE
GOLDEN CITY HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATION.
L>. \V. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
RESOLUTION.
The following preamble and resolution, introduced in the Senate by
Mr. Pendegast, was adopted March twenty-third, eighteen hundred and
seventy:
Whereas, A certain grant of tide lands was made to the Golden City
Homestead Association by an Act of the Legislature, approved April
fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, entitled an Act to authorize
the sale and conveyance to the Golden City Homestead Association of
certain overflowed lands in the City and County of San Francisco;
and, whereas, there is now good reason to believe that no such asso-
ciation ever existed in fact, and that all the representations which
were then made by interested parties, which served as the pretext for
such grant, were incorrect, if not absolutely false; therefore.
Resolved, That a special committee of three be appointed, with full
powers to administer oaths and require the presence of persons and
production of papers, and report what action, if any, is necessary to
secure to the State of California the full benefit of the land thus fraudu-
lently granted to such so-called association.
te:stimo:n'y
TAKEN BEFORE THE
SPECIAL COMMITTEE OF THE SENATE,
TO EXAMINE INTO THK JIATTERS OP THE
GOLDEN CIIY HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATION.
For the State Dangerfield
For the a ssociation Haymond.
FIRST D^Y.
Tuesday, March 29th, 1870.
• TESTIMONY OF C. B. PORTER.
C. B. Porter sworn on behalf of the State.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerfidd :
Question — Were you a member of the Senate of the State of Califor-
nia in the session of eighteen hundred and sixty-three?
Answer — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you recollect anything about the passage of an Act to author-
ize the sale and conveyance to the Golden City Homestead Association
of certain overflowed lands in the City and County of San Francisco?
A. — I recollect, generally, about it — some of the circumstances; it was
a bill that was under consideration by the committee of which 1 was
Chairman at that time — the Committee on Commerce and Navigation.
Q. — Do you recollect the object and purpose of that bill, as i-epre-
sented by those in interest?
A. — I think it was repi'esented that the parties asking the grant were
to incorporate a homestead association ; they owned a piece of the high
land on the margin of the bay, and they desired this grant of overflowed
land for the purpose of grading down the high land into the swamp
land asked for, thus to fill in and reclaim the bay.
Q. — Who represented that association ; who was active in the procur-
ing of the passage of that bill ?
A. — 1 am unable to say who the parties were.
Q. — Do you know with whom 3'ou conversed about it?
A. — I conversed with a great many persons in relation to it, but I do
not now recollect whether they were persons that claimed to be mem-
bers of that association or not; I remember having been spoken to by
Benjamin Dorr; whether he was a member at that time of the associa-
tion or not, or whether he was interested in this homestead association or
not — my impression is that he was interested in another, the North San
Francisco Homstead Association — whether he was interested in this or
not, 1 do not know; my impression is that he was interested in the
other, and that both bills were pending at the same time.
Q. — Did 3'ou ever have any conversation wiLli Mr. Frederick Mason
in I'clation to the matter?
A. — 1 did not, that I know of.
Q. — Did you ever have any converfiation with Mr. John Bens'.j- about
it?
A. — No, sir; I only know Mr. Bcnsly by sight; I never spoke to him
and have no acquaintance with him.
Q. — Do 3'ou know whether there was any organization of a body of
men for tlic purpose of creating a homestead association, or whether it
was a private enterprise ?
A. — I do not know anj'tliing whatever of it, but the representation
made bj' parties — whether they were parties in interest or not — was,
that the grant was solicited by a homestead association, and I believe
that I understood at that time Mr. Bensly and Mr. Mason were mem-
bers of that association.
Q. — You have said, I believe, that the object, as represented to you, in
procuring this tide land, was to till it up and make it valuable for home-
stead purposes?
A. — Yes, sir; because I made certain propositions that would enable
them to accomplish that purpose, vvhich were not accepted ; which was,
that the title of the State might pass after the reclamation had been
accomplished to the satisfaction of a Commission — perhaps the Har-
bor Commission; I have forgotten now what Commission ; the recla-
mation was to be accomplished at the expiration of a certain time.
C^. — Did you vote for the bill granting this land to the parties in the
bill?
A. — No, sir.
Q — Do you know whether those representations influenced parties —
the representations that the property was to be reclaimed and made
valuable to the State in the matter of its taxation ; whether it influ-
enced and was the motive which induced members to support that
measure?
A. — I do not know; I presume such representations would be likely
to have an influence; at least, it was advocated on them grounds.
Q. — It was advocated on them grounds in the Senate a|fd before com-
mittees, too ?
A. — Yes, sir.
By Mr. Leicis — On what grounds ?
A. — On the ground that tlie property was to be reclaimed and made
valuable to the State and advantageous to its taxation.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
B// Mr. Ildijmond — Y''ou say that propositions were made to change the
bill so as not to have the title pass from tlie State until after the land
was 1 cclaimed ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q, — How were these propositions made to the committee?
A. — I jji'oposed it in the committee. Perhaps to make myself intelli-
gible I should explain.
Q. — That was a proposition that was not adopted by the committeo?
A — It was not adopted by the committee.
Q. — And it was a proposition made by yourself?
A. — Yes, sir
Q — And the committee rejected it?
A. — Yes, sir. I afterwards mndo the proposition in the Senate.
Q — And it was rejected there?
A — Yes, sir.
Q. — You suy that j'ou do not know that any person connected with
the association ever spoke to yon about it?
A — I am not certain ; I did not know who were the members of the
association, except by report; Mr. Bensly, I am very certain, never had
anything to say to n^e about it; Mr. Bensly, I understood at tlie time,
was a member of the association, but I had no acquaintance and no con-
versation with him.
Q. — Were you acquainted witli Mr. Bensly at that time?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — He never spoke to you about it ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — No one that you knew of to have any connection with the asso-
ciation ?
A. — I presume that parties connected with the association did speak
to me; there was a large number of persons present at the committee
meetings urging it. and I presume some of them were members of the
association and had interests in it.
Q. — The bill was discussed in committee, was it, thoroughlj-?
A. — Yes, sir, it was discussed; I meant to say that the propositions
contained in the bill Avere discussed
Q. — And it was also discussed in the Senate?
A. — There was ver}' little discussion of it in the Senate, because, to
my surprise, the thing seemed to be so well understood that it did not
need any discussion.
Q.— Do you remember who were the members of the comndittee,
besides yourself?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Can you name them ?
A. — Henry L. Dodge, John H. Redington, Mr. Hamilton, from Log
Angeles, and I think S. P. VYright, of Del Norte, was also a member of
the committee.
REDIRECT EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Dangerfield — 1 think I have understood you to say you under-
stood that this homestead association was to be upon the same plan that
other grants which were then sought from the Legislature for homestead
purposes?
A. — Yes, sir; it was based upon the precedent of the grant to the
South San Francisco Homestead Association at the previous session.
By Mr. Fendfi(jast — Do you recollect what representations, if any, were
made as to the quantity of land — the area asked for in the grant?
A. — Representations were made, but I do not now recollect the area;
the grant was to be to a certain street — I am not certain but it may
have been Massachusetts street — and bounded on the other side by
another street; I think bounded on three sides by streets as projected
in the bay; there was also a limit of depth of water at low tide men-
tioned; it was claimed at the time that there was twelve feet of water
at the western limit, and by others it was asserted there was twenty-
four feet of water there.
By Mr. Danjerjield — Did you ever have anj' conversation with the Gov-
10
crnor about signing the bill for the South San Francisco Homestead
Association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — State what he said in regard to it, if any reference was made to
this particular matter now under consideration.
[Defendant objects to the question as irrelevant.]
J/r. DaiujrrJicM — I want to show that he had a conversation with the
Governor, in which he alluded to this matter, 8ho\fing that the Governor
refused to sign this bill, but signed the other one that had become a law,
under the impression that this bill was intended in good faith to make
the improvements represented, and that representations had been made
to the Govei-nor which would justify him in signing that, whereas the
other was an improper one.
[Objection sustained]
Mr. Dangcrfidd — The Governor signed one of these bills and refused
to sign the other ; I want to get at the motives that induced the Gov-
ernor so to act.
The Chairman — I do not think that kind of testimony is proper.
TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM H. BRYAN.
William H. Bryan sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerfield :
Q. — Where is your residence, and what is your occupation ?
A. — I reside in San Francisco; my occupation is that of a civil
engineer.
Q. — Do 3-0U know anything about the passage of this Act entitled an
Act to authorize the sale and conveyance to the Golden City Homestead
Association of certain swamp and overflowed lands in the City and
County of San Francisco. .
A. — Nothing but by hearsay.
Q. — You say 3'ou do not know anything of your own knowledge in
regard to the passage of this bill ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Have 3'Ou any interest in this Golden City Homestead Abbo-
ciation ?
A. — None whatever.
Q. — Do 30U know anything about the manner in which the South San
Francisco Homestead Association property was improved?
[Defendant objects, unless connected with the property in controversy.]
Mr. Dangerjield — We will connect it.
The Chairman — J do not think the testimony is necessarj', for this
reason : I believe the committee is thoroughly (I know that I am)
apprised of the condition of the South San Francisco Homestead Asso-
ciation property.
Mr. Dangerjichl — The object is to show what the representations were
when they were held out; we expect to show by other witnesses that
representations were made to the Senate and committees that the
South San Francisco Homesffead Association had been a source of great
revenue to the State by means of its improvements, and the passage of
11 •.
this Act was urged upon the same ground exactly ; that this was to bo
made and to become a source of great profit to the State j and that this
kind of influence induced the passage of this bill.
By the Chairman — Do you expect to follow that up and show that
there has been no improvement of the property in controversy here?
Mr. Daiujerjield — Yes, sir; that there has not been a dollar of improve-
ment upon it — the object and purpose of the passage of this Act, as
represented by those who urged it, have not been fulfilled.
The Chairman — In order to save time on that score we will assume
what we know to be true — that the South San Francisco Homestead
Association did project and carrj- out those improvements. Now go on.
Mr Danyerjield — Do you know this land that is now in question — the
Golden City Homestead Association ?
A. — Yes, sir; 1 have passed over it several times every week.
Q. — Do you know what impi-ovements, if any, have been made on
that property so as to render it available for taxation purposes ?
A. — Nothing made by the association, that I know of; there is a
bridge put across it by the Potrero and Bay View Eailroad ; that is the
only improvement I know of.
Q.— Is that all ?
A. — I am certain of it; I have heard there is a little dock on a por-
tion of the property, but it is diflScult to see the lines of this property
in passing over it, so as to locate this dock.
Q. — Do you know how much tide land this association claimed there?
A. — No, sir; I cannot answer as to acres; I have seen it drawn on the
map.
Q. — Can you approximate it in acres — approximate it in value ?
A. — In acres I suppose the quantity could be shown more properly
from the sale by the State; its value I should imagine to be two or three
thousand dollars an acre, judging from the sale of the tide land near it by
the State last summer.
Q. — You do not know what improvements have been made upon it?
you do not know whether this dock is on a part of that land or not ?
A. — I cannot say; there is one on or near it.
Q. — Is that a regular dock ?
A. — No; small ways for drawing up vessels; I have never been at it;
I have heard of its being there.
Q. — Suppose that is upon this land, what value would be attached to
the improvements you saw there, and to what extent would it increase
the value of the land ?
A. — I have not been at the ways, but judging of them from what I
have seen of them from a distance, I shoula think very little; lean
only judge of that from what I have seen in other places, and I think
that one or two thousand dollars ($1,000 or $2,000) would be the full
value of these improvements.
Q. — And you think the land there would be worth one thousand dollars
or two thousand dollars an acre ?
A. — Judging from the sales of State tide lands near it, I think it would
be worth that.
Q. — Stale, in general terms, what you know about the operations of
this Golden City Homestead Association ?
[Defendant objects to the question as irrelevant. Objection overruled.]
A. — I know nothing of it, except its condition — the condition in which
it is; I know nothing of it, only from seeing it and from hearsay.
Q. — Do you know the parties who are interested in it?
12
A. — I have heard Mr. Bernsly, with whom I have a slight acquaintance,
is a member of the association, and Mr. Mason, whom J have seen fre-
quently.
Q. — Do j-ou l<now any other person ?
A. — I do not know ; 1 have only heard they arc the owners of it.
Q. — Have you stated everj'thing that you know al)out the inception
and the conduct and the carrying on of this work, and the improvement
made thereon ?
A. — Yes, sir; I beh"eve I have.
By Mr. Ilajjmoml — You were estimating this land at its present value ?
A. — I estimate it by comparing it with the sales of tide lands, made
this last summer, contiguous to it.
RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Dangerfield — Were you acquainted with these lands before they
were granted this company', or at the time ?
A. —Well, I have gone by the lands a thousand times, and as a member
of the South San Francisco Homestead Association, which had lands
close by them granted to them, I know them, but to know where this
particular strip is, right out in the water, is a question which I could
not answer.
Q. — This patent calls for a hundred and fifty acres ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you not know the location of that?
A. — Yes, sir; I cross it every day.
Q. — Who were the Tide Land Commissioners at the time — the Swamp
Land Commissioners?
A. — I really don't recollect ; I think General Winn was the head of
them at the time
Q. — Allen, Eichardson and Hogan ; what is your idea about the value
of that land about the time it was granted one hundred and fifty acres ?
A. — Them lands — one dollar; we thought we were pa^-ing the State
ver}' well at a dollar or two an acre ; if the State would grant it under
conditions of improvement, I have always contended'lhat was enough.
Q. — Has anything been done towards the reclamation of this land —
the hundred and fift}' acres of this association ?
A. — Nothing at all, except what others have done; the railroad com-
pany has a bridge there.
Q. — Is the railroad company interested in this association ?
A. — I believe not.
(^. — Do you know whether or not this association has made any
improvements ?
A. — My impression is, as an association thej'- have done nothing.
By Mr. Ilaynwnd — You think a dollar and a half cr two dollars was
about the value of the land at that time?
A. — Yes, sir; if it had any value.
Mr. Dangerfield — He says a dollar and a half or two dollars would be
the value when granted under conditions of improvement
WiinesA — If you will allow me to make a remark ; I was here two
years ago seeing after wild lands, for certain associations, of as little
value as those were ; I thought it was unfair for the State to sell us lands
unless upon terms of improvement; 1 was willing to take the lands and
forfeit them if the improvements were not made.
Q. — What are these lands Avorth now ?
13
A. — If they were put in with the State lands they would sell for two
or three thousand dollars an aero.
(^ — You saj' this company has done nothing towards improving or
reclaiming tliesc lands?
A. — Nothing that I know of.
Q. — Is tl)ei'e any conflicting interests between this association and the
South San Francisco Homestead Association?
A. — No, sir; nothing tiiat I know of; 1 never heard of them; I rather
think there is a community of interests between us; anything that
would benefit them would operate to our advantage.
Q. — You are interested in the South San Francisco Association?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Did you obtain lands in the same way from the State?
A. — A small portion of ours, and we had a large body of land in South
San Francisco; the State sold to us a strip around it of the water front.
Q — They were appraised at a dollar an acre?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — And this is what you base your opinion upon now, as to the value
of these lands ?
A. — Y'^es, sir; the lands donated were valueless; the Legislature would
grant them to any person improving them.
Q. — Upon conditions that improvements would be made?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Have 3-ou made any improvements upon them ?
A. — Not directly; but indirectly we have made improvements which
has created a million or a million and a half taxable property; it is prop-
erty that would sell for a million and a half more than it would at the
time we got the land; for instance, South San Francisco and its succes-
sor, the Dock Company, have given about forty-five thousand dollars to
build a railroad, and I have no doubt in my mind that the building of
that railroad, and improvements which we have made, have increased
the sale of State tide lands, sold last summer, from a quarter to half a
million of dollars.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Raymond — What do you think was the actual value of that
land, if it was to be sold absolutely, in the January of 'sixty-four; how
much per acre would it be worth to have a patent for it from the State ?
A. — We came to the State asking them for lands as their overflowed
lands, and some lands were sold for a good price, and we would have
given to them, I imagine, twenty dollars an acre if they had asked it,
as we had got to have these lands; we asked the State for them at a
dollar or a dollar and a quarter, and we got them.
Q. — They gave you a grant without any conditions, for a dollar or a
dollar and a quarter an acre ?
A. — I think there was no conditions to the South San Francisco grant.
Q — And that j'ou thought was a fair price at that time ?
A. — We thought it was cheap enough.
By Mr. Lewis — Thought it was very reasonable?
A. — Yes, sir.
By 3Ir. Ilaymond — Has there been another grant made since ?
A. — Not a grant; there was a bill passed giving us an increase, but it
was allowed to go to sleep in the Governor's pocket at the time this was
passed.
Q. — What was the depth of water that your grant went to?
14
A. — From one to six feet; the second asked for twelve feet.
Q. — When you made the survey of the laud, what depth of water did
you take ?
A. — 1 know nothing of that, except from the map; I did not make
the survey; the survey went around that map, and was confined, as I
understood it, to the general line of six feet deep of water; I believe it
went over it in sofne points, and not out to it in others ; at some points,
1 do not know but it went to twelve feet.
RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Damjerfield — You said something about the Governor's refusal
to sign a bill — that he put it to sleep in his pocket; give us the history
of why that was done ?
A. — 1 only know the facts.
Q. — What are the facts ?
A. — The facts are, as I understood, there were enough members of the
Legislature ready to pass it over the veto, but the bill did not come
back.
Q. — What were the conditions imposed by that bill ?
A — I do not know; I did not hear them.
TESTIMONY OF JOHN BENSLY.
John Bensly sworn.
Examined hij Mr. Dangerfield :
Q. — Were you a member of the Golden City Homestead Association ?
A. — I was.
Q. — Were you at the time of the passage of this Act — April fourth,
eighteen hundred and sixty-four?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Of how many members was this association composed, and who
were they, as far as you can call to mind ?
A. — Mr. Swazey, the Secretary, is here, and can give you that infor-
mation ; there was over one hundi-ed ; Mr. Swazey has the names; I
think he can give you all the members, the way it was conducted from
the commencement to the winding up of the association.
Q. — You look an active interest in the passage of this bill?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You were not here ?
A. — No, sir; I do not think I was in Sacramento that session ; I may
have been, but I do not believe I was, according to my recollection.
Q. — Where is Mr. Mason, your partner?
A. — He went down this morning to San Francisco; ho was here last
night, and very anxious to have this investigation come off.
Q. — What was the object and purpose of this association in desiring
this water front? State generally.
A. — The object, I suppose, was to get the land in front of the upland,
which was sold to this association.
Q. — What quantity was in the upland ?
15
A — There was about a hundred acres.
Q. — Was that upland in a proper condition for building purposes, or
bad it been graded? Wasn't it the intention of your association to
grade that upland and throw the dirt from its reclamation into the bay,
and claim the water land from the State ?
A. — I was a member of the association, and we were to do as we
agreed ; I was not an officer, I was a stockholder.
Q. — Was not that the theory upon which you sought to improve the
land, and wasn't it with that view, and with these representations, that
you sought this grant, that the upland would be graded to a proper city
grade, and what was taken from that land should be thrown into the
bay. for the purpose of reclaiming that and making it more valuable to
the State?
A. — 1 never heard in reference to that.
Q. — You never did ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Do you think the State made this sale simplj' for the purpose of
getting three dollars an acre for this land, or was this sale not made for
the purpose of increasing the value of the tide land, by reclamation ?
A. — I do not know what the object or intention was ; as I told you
before, I was not here, and I do not know what representations were
made, or what terms, except b}' the grant, as it appears.
Q — You yourself made no representations in committee or to members
of the Legislature in regard to the object and purpose of obtaining this
grant ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Do you know anything of the sale of those other tide lands ?
A. — Only from hearsay; it was currently reported that the South San
Francisco had their grant extended to six feet of water, and that they
went out to twelve feet, and that there is a large body of land that
belongs to the State ; that I do not know, but I have heard it frequently
spoken of, and I believe it is so.
Q. — Do you know to what depth the land that you claim goes out into
the bay — depth of water?
A. — I do not; I think it extends to Massachusetts street; it does not
refer to depth of water by metes and bounds.
Q. — Was not the representations made to the Legislature as to the
depth of watej- at that street ?
A. — r do not know, of my own knowledge.
Q. — You say you do not know what the depth of water at that line is ?
A. — No, sir; I do not.
Q. — ^^Do 3-ou know whether, or do you not know, that the object in
making this grant to that association to which j'^ou was and are a mem-
ber, was that the land should be reclaimed and be made valuable to the
State as a source of revenue, and not for the simple purpose of getting
three dollars an acre for the land ?
A. — I do not know ; I told you 1 did not know, and never had any
conversation with any person in reference to this grant, and did not hear
what representations were made.
Q. — Do you know whether that association ever took any steps
towards improving and reclaiming the land ? •
A. — There was some of the property sold on the shore of the bay to
three parties, for building ways, and the}' intended to fill in and make
extensive improvements, but the railroad (the Bay View Eailroad) was
built across this bay, ran right through this ground, and it was agreed
16
that there should be a draw bridge put in there by the road, which they
did not do; the}' piled up in the channel and choked up its navigation,
and prevented vcswels from running up tliere; they went in tlie night
and ])iled that across, and refused to put in tlie drawbridge, and persons
who had ways above the bridge were obliged to suspend operations;
and one ofj Iheni said Mr. Williams induced him to go down on the land
of his association ; ho is there now ; at any rate he expended some
money there, and hauled up some vessels, and finall}^ was obliged to
take up his w.iys and move them down helow the bridge.
Q. — Were you one of that association?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Was the man who built those ways one of the association ?
A — Yes, sir; I think he was; two of them 1 think were.
Q. — Which member of your association attended to the passage of
this bill or got up this bill ?
A. — Mr. Ma.son was here; I do not know Avho superintended it; I
was not here; we paid three thousand dollars towards this railroad, in
hopes it would improve the land there.
Q.-The Bay View Eoad ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Is that all the money you ever expended for the reclamation of
that land '(
A. — But they promised to put a draw in the bridge afterwards, and
did not do it; we made a subscription to help the improvements in that
direction.
Q. — Did the association do that, or Bensly and Mason ?
A. — Mr. Mason and myself; we were connected with the association ;
were interested in it
Q. — Do you tliink the three thousand dollars paid the cost of the
bridge over that land ?
A. — The bridge was not put in ; there is no bridge there.
Q. — For the construction of it. I mean ?
A. — No, sir; I do not think it would pay for the construction of it.
Q. — So that this railroad company has spent mor« money over and
bove what you contributed?
A. — They have spent money in putting that road through there;
they had property on the other side of South San Francisco, and they
wanted to enhance the value of their property.
Q. — We want to know whether the road that goes across \'Our
land did not increase the value of the frontage on each side of that road
— improve your land more than the three thousand dollars that you
invested there ?
A. — I cannot say; perhaps it did at that part; I was a member of the
railroad company, and I tliink there is a resolution on the books to put
in the draw.
Q. — Who did you give this money to; j-ou say you gave it to the com-
pany ?
A. — Wo paid the assessments; Ave took stock of the company', paid
assessments on it and gave them the stock.
Q. — What is the whole amount of money that jo\x spent toward the
reclamation or i^nprovement of this tide land that you procured from
the State, including this sum that 3'ou gave to the railroad company;
what was the whole amount of money?
A. — We did not spend much money; but if they hadn't shut us off
17
from our property b}' this hriiige. ii large amount of monc}' would have
been spent there; but tliis bridge has prevented all operations there.
Q. — What would it have cost you to open this draw yourselves?
A. — It would depend u))on the kind of a draw we put in there; a small
draw, figured upon, would be twenty-seven hundred dollars.
Q. — Couldn't you put that in if you wanted to do it?
A. — I think we could have done so; but if we did so we would have to
pay the cost of attending to it, and be liable for accidents occurring there
— all of which we considered was their business.
Q. — You expended three thousand dollars in the reclamation of that
land, and this railroad company has gone through it?
A. — There has been more than that; these wa3'S were put up there,
and if the bridge had not shut us off, there would have been a good deal
of mono}' expended there; I can not say how much.
Q. — What did the ways and everything cost?
A. — I do not know.
Q. — Do you know what the value of that land is to-day ?
A. — No, sir; I do not.
Q — Is it worth five hundred thousand dollars?
A. — I do not think it is.
Q. — Is it worth two hundred and fifty thousand dollars?
A. — I think probably it is worth that; I do not know.
Q. — Do you think the value of that property has been increased by
what your association have done upon it?
A. — I cannot say that it has been much increased; I think it would
have been, if it had not been for this bridge crossing there; I think
there would have been a good deal of grading and filling in there, and
it would have been settled along there with manufactories and ship-
yards, for it is a very eligible place for that kind of business.
Q. — These additional iinprovenients of which you have spoken as
having been prevented from making, they would have added to the
value of the property more than their costs, wouldn't they?
A. — I think so.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Uaijmond — How many shares did you own of this association
at the time this bill was passed ?
A. — Five.
Q. — How many did Mr. Mason ?
A. -r- Five.
Q. — Did any man own more than five at that time?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — How long has it been since the Golden City Homestead Associa-
tion has had any interest at all in this land as a corporation ?
A. — In eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
Q. — You have alreadj' stated that you contributed towards the build-
ing of this railroad upon the agreement that they would put a draw in
there ?
A. — It was understood, but it was not the subject of a special agree-
ment; it was understood there would be one.
Q. — If they had a draw in there it would benefit your land ?
A. — Yes, sir; very materially.
Q. — Without it the road, as a whole, was an injury to the land?
18
A. — 1 think eo ; I think the land would liave been more valuable if
the people could have had accesB up to it at the time and since that; I
think at this time the land would be more valuable than it is, without
the road throu<^li it.
Q. — llow dicl the homestead association acquire the title to the
upland ?
A. — Hy purchase ; the}^ bought it.
REDIRECT EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Danrjcrfiehl — You say you onl}' had live shares in that associa-
tion of swamp land ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — How many have you now ?
A. — I do not know how many now; I have bought others since ; it
has changed hands a good deal.
Q. — You say you do not know how many j'ou own now?
A. — No, sir
Mr. llaymond — The books show.
By Mr. Bamjerjield — What did it sell for a share ? what is the value of
that stock ?
A. — It has sold as low as one hundred dollars a share.
Q. — And as high as what?
A. — I do not know how high ; probably six to eight hundred dollars ;
it is worth more than that.
Q. — How much land does a share represent?
A. — A share represents two lots, fifty b}^ one hundred feet; some of
them seventy-five by one hundred, and some fifty by one hundred.
Q. — How many shares are there in that association ?
A. — There is over five liundred ; 1 think so.
Q — Did these five hundred shares include the upland as well as the
swamp ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — What was the value of that upland ? what did it cost?
A. — it cost one hundred thousand dollars.
Q. — And there are one hundred and fifty acres in this tide land ?
A. — One hundred and filty and a fraction; I do not recollect the
exact quantity.
Mr. Fenderijnat — One hundred and fift5'^-three and a fraction over.
Mr. Haymond — One hundred and fiftj'-eight.
By Mr. Danuerjield — You say these shares range all the way from one
ihundred to six and seven hundred dollars a share?
A. — More than that; they are worth now more than that.
Q. — How many acres were there in that upland ?
A. — One hundred acres.
Q. — And one hundred and fifty odd of tide?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Did this land sell for one hundred and fifty dollars a share with
the assessments all paid up, or was it subject lo the assessments?
A. — I am not certain whether they were all paid in or not, but I know
there was part of it paid.
Q. — When, at what period, did you say that these lands would have
brought one hundred dollars a shai'e ?
A. — I think it was in the latter part of eighteen hundred and sixty-
six; at any rate, in eighteen hundred and sixty-six.
19
Q. — Was it in the fore part of eighteen hundred and sixty-seven ?
A. — 1 am not certainly positive but it was.
Q. — That was two years after the organization of the homestead
association ?
A. — No, sir.
Mr. Haijmond — The compan}^ was organized January fourth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-four.
By Mr. Bani/erjield — From whom was that upland bought?
A. — From Mr. Mason and myself; there were other parties that were
interested in the land, but we made the sale.
Q. — You then put it into the association at one hundred thousand
dollars ?
A. — We sold it to the association.
Q. — Do you know what that land cost j'ou ?
A. — I cannot tell exactly what it cost us; wo bought it in eighteen
hundred and fifty-three, and we have been paying taxes upon it ever
since, and fenced it in, so I could not say what it cost us, up to the time
of the sale.
Q. — At that time, what would that land command, at the usual way
of selling land, at auction ?
A. — I cannot say.
Q. — Would it have sold for five hundred dollars, at auction ?
A. — How, five hundred dollars ?
Q. — An acre — the whole claim, I mean ?
A. — Yes, sir; I think it would.
Q. — Wouldn't it have brought six hundred dollars an acre ?
A. — I cannot say.
Q. — Didn't Mr. IBarstow buy some land adjoining there ? Do you know
what he paid for that ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Was this as valuable land as Barstow's ?
A. — 1 do not know as it was ; some portions of it was ; there is some
of Barstow's land more valuable than mine.
Q. — Would that land average in value as much as Barstow's land ?
A. — I do not think it would any more than his ?
Q. — You didn't own the whole one hundred acres, you and Mr. Mason ?
Didn't you buy other lands to make your one hundred thousand dollars
up ?
A. — No, sir; we own more than that; we sold a strip four hundred
feet in width, which we formerly owned, which was not in the asso-
ciation.
Q. — What did you get for that block, four hundred feet?
A. — We parted with it in the settlement of adverse claims — a tier of
lots right through on the other side.
RECR088-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Haymond — This homestead association was organized the fourth
of Januar}', eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and on the eighteenth of
December, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, all of the lots were dis-
tributed— between these dates. What was the highest price that you
knew shares to sell for between January fourth, eighteen hundred and
sixty-four, and December eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, the
day of the distribution ?
A. — I do not think there was any sold higher than two hundred dol-
20
lars; I could not siv}' positively, but i (Jo not believe any sold higher
than that.
Q. — Was von present when the surplus lots were sold at auction ?
A. — Yes. sir.
(^. — Wei-e there many bidders there ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — How many were there there, bidding on these lots?
A. — 1 cannot say; there were over one hundred persons; it was in
the Court room of the Fourth District Court, and it was pretty well
tilled; ])robably there was one hundred and forty persons present.
Q. — "\Vliat is one hundred acres of that upland w^oith now. as near as
3^ou can estimate ?
A. — I tiiiiik it is worth probably from twenty-five hundred dollars to
three thousand dollars an acre.
Q. — When you and Mason sold this land to the homestead association,
it was a sale on credit, wasn't it?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Whether the sale ever became absolute or not, depended upon the
success of the homestead association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — That's the usual manner of doing these things, isn't it?
A — I believe it is.
B// Mr. Dangerjidd — Do I understand you to say that this land was dis-
tributed to the subscribers in eighteen hundred and sixty-five ?
Mr. Haijmond — December eighteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five,
Avas the day it was distributed.
Bij Mr. Lewis — Who owns this property now?
A. — There are a great man}^ owners.
Q. — Who owns the majority of it?
A. — Mr. Mason and myself own more of it than anybody else.
Bij Mr. Dangcrjicld — Did all these subscribers take their stock ? Didn't
a great many of them back out and the land revert to j'ou ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You think they all took it ?
A. — I think they did, to the best of my recollection.
Q. — You say this land is now worth three thousand dollars an acre ?
A. — Yes, sir; trom two thousand five hundred to three thousand.
Q. — You say the upland has trebled in value ; has the lowland trebled
in value too ?
A. — Yes, sir; I think it has.
Q. — Has it more than trebled ?
A. — I think it has.
Q — There would be three hundred thousand dollaj-s for the upland and
four hundred and fifty thousand dollars or upwards ior the lowland,
making over three-quarters of a million for the two.
A. — I understood you to ask me the value of the land, the ditVerenco
in the value from that time.
Q. — What is the increase in value since that time ?
A. — It has increased.
Q. — Has it trebled in value since that time, without any expenditure
of money ?
A. — Yes, sir; and the sand hills have quadrupled in value without
any expenditure of money, fourfold ; some of them tenfold.
21
TESTIMONY OF JAMES McDONALD.
James McDonald sworn
Exarrn'nf'd hi/ Mr. Dangerfiehl :
Q. — Tell your story about this matter.
A. — 1 cannot state the value of the land at the time of the organiza-
tion of this homestead association; 1 can state more particularh- in ref-
erence to improvement at tlie present time, havintr been connected with
the Potrero and Bay View Railroad Company and passing it every day
for a great while, and occasionally )'et; 1 know the land, both the upland
and the tide land, and know that there has not been any improvements
made upon it of any consequence at all ; I know that it has been greatly
enhanced in value bj' the improvements of other associations and indi-
viduals surrounding it, which has given it this value; but this identical
property has not been improved in accordance with the spirit of a home-
stead association, as I understand homestead associations.
Q. — Has any of the land been filled up or buildings put on it?
A. — None of it; there has not been a shovel-full of dirt thrown on the
tide lands, to my knowledge, and there is not more than one, two or
three houses upon it. to my knowledge — those on the upland spoken of
by Mr. Bensly; there was one man who had some ways there for the
repair of small vessels, which he bought upon his own individual account
and improved as such; after the building of the bridge across there he
removed his ways; as to the advances made by .Mr. Bensly and Mason
to the railroad company, he is mistaken when he says he gave anj'thing
to the company; he subscribed for stock and paid assessments, and the
money was expended in an effort to construct the railroad.
Mr Bem^hj — That's according to my statement.
Witupf.s — But your statement was that you donated it to the railroad
company.
Mr BensJi/ — I did at first; I afterwards corrected it.
Witness — The stock was transferred, and Mr. J. W. Moorse's improve-
ments were bought, in part, with what they had paid of this stock; we
simply became their successors as stockholders, the railroad company
going on as an organization without any donations whatever to it from
them ; there has been no wharves ; at the time that bridge was constructed
there that was not legally a navigable stream, although small vessels did
go up and down it; but there was no wharves on the Golden City Home-
stead property.
Mr. Bensh/ — There was a landing above.
Witness — There was a place where they could laud, at the head of a
little creek ; there was a controversy about that draw, but it never was
carried out; the parties antagonistic to the railroad company preferred
to have recourse to legal means to compel us to put in a draw, rather
than help us to put it in; we had a law suit about it, but I do not know
what become of it; perhaps the}' liave abandoned it.
Q. — State in general terms whether the implied contract between the
State and this association has been carried out in letter or spirit?
[Objected to, because there was an express contract, which was the
best evidence.]
Q. — State what they done under the express contract ?
A. — They never done anything, to my knowledge.
By Mr. Lewis — State what has been done.
22
A. — 1 answered that.
Mr. Dangerficld — Assuriiing that there was an implied contract
between the State and the association that the lands should be im-
proved—
Mr. Ilaymond — There is no such f^rant here.
Mr. Lewis — Mr. Dangerficld assumes that such a contract was im-
plied; state what has been done; of course we are the judges whether
or not there is any such conditions.
Bi/ Mr. Danyrrjield — State what improvements have been made
towards making a homestead association there.
A. — There has been nothing done towards converting these lands into
homesteads — nothing whatever; they are now as barren of houses
almost as the Farralone Islands.
By Mr. Lcicis — Have you any interest in this or any other homestead
adjacent to it ?
A. — I have one or two shares in the South San Francisco Dock
Company.
Q. — Were you either directly or indirectly interested in either of
these associations at the time this grant was made ?
A. — Not at all.
Q. — Have you an idea about the valuation of these lands about that
time?
A. — Not a very good idea, at that time.
Q. — From the locality and character and surroundings of the land,
what do you think they were worth at the time they were granted to
this company — at the time they were sold to this company by the
Swamp Land Commissioners!:'
A. — It might be twenty, fifty or one hundred dollars an acre.
Q. — I want to get at this — you have an idea of what they were worth
at the time — what are they worth now; these lands mentioned in this
patent; this one hundred and fifty acres sold to the Golden City Home-
stead Association ?
A. — From three to five hundred thousand dollars.
Q. — They are worth that much now? •
A — Yes, sir.
Q. — What has been the cause of the increase in the valuation of this
property ?
A. — The improvements made by the South San Francisco Homestead
At^sociation, Bay View Park, Hale^' & O'Neil's tract, and improvements
on the Potrero ; round about these by the cordage factor\', the soap
factor}' and a number of institutions that have been inaugurated and
created around it.
Q. — Has this company contributed anything to the improvement of
other property adjacent to it?
A. — Nothing except stock, which they took in the Potrero and Bay
View Eailroad, to my knowledge; it has grown up by the surround-
ings; it has been enhanced by the improvements going on around it.
By Mr. Dangerfield — Was that stock taken b}' the compati}- as an asso-
ciation ? you say it was improved bj' this company; was not this stock
of the Bay V^iew Eailroad taken by individuals and not by the associa-
tion, as such ?
A. — I said as a company they have done nothing; individual members
of it may have contributed to the improvement of property' adjacent to
it; 1 do not know oi' any member of the Coldcn City Homestead Asso-
ciation that contributed to anything around it.
23
Q. — And this subscription to the railroad stock was by individuals and
not by the association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
fii/ Mr. Ildi/mond — Did the South San Francisco Association ever dis-
tribute their lots ?
A. — Yes, sir; I believe so.
Q. — Did 3'ou ever know of a homestead association building any
houses ?
A. — Yes sir; I believe they do.
Q. — What homestead association ever built a house?
A. — There is one on the San Jos6 road.
Q. — Was not that after the lots were distributed ?
A. — I think not; all the improvements on South San Francisco Home-
stead were improved by individuals after the lots were distributed; the
association, as such, built a railroad running to it — that is, contributed
very largely to it — but they never made any improvement on the lots
they distributed to the shareholders; they improved only by building
roads and bridges; they impi'oved the swamp lands.
Q. — They made a distribution of their lots?
A — I believe they have.
Q. — Who owned the largest portion of the stock in the South San
Francisco Company?
A. — 1 do not know; I have no interest in it; 1 do not know when it
was distributed.
Q. — Then you do not know whether they ever contributed anytiiing
as an association ?
A. — Yes, sir; I know they did; 1 know their names stand on the
books as such.
Q. — The South San Francisco Association ?
A. — Yes, sir
Q. — You have stated they never made an}" improvements?
A. — I said they built roads and bridges and tilled in the overflowed
lands; as an association they have ceased to exist long ago, but these
improvements were made prior to the distribution of the lots.
Q — Do you remember what year the improvements were made in ?
A. — No. but I think in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven; along in
eighteen hundred and sixty-eight; I don't remember when the distribu-
tion took place; it was probably one or the other of these years, or run-
ning through all those years; possibly, a little prior to that time.
Q — Do you know of any prior to eighteen hundred and sixtj'-six?
A. — No, sir; I do not, of my own knowledge.
Adjourned to one o'clock.
TESTIMONY OF SAMUEL I. C. SWaZEY.
Samuel I. C. Swazey sworn.
Examined hij Mr. DangerfieJd :
Q. — Were you Secretarj- of this association when it was first organ-
ized ?
24
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you know who the siibscriberH to that association were, at its
first organization ?
A. — 1 have tiicir nanies down in the books; I cannot recollect their
names.
Q. — Can you refer to tiiose books and tell us?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do so, if you please.
A. — Do you mean the certificate of incorporation ?
Q. — Yes, sir.
A. — I hold in my hand a certified copy of the certificate of incorpora-
tion ; the signatures of the incorporators are: Earl Jiartlett, Elliott,
Swazey, J. Stock and l^rooks.
Q — What is the date of that ?
A. — It is filed January fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-four.
Q. — When did this incorporation first commence business?
A. — Directl}' after the filing of the articles of incorporation.
Q. — When was the first distribution of shares made by this corpora-
tion ?
A. — Immediatelj- after the filing of the certificate; the Directors named
in the certificate met and instructed the Secretaiy to open books.
Q. — Let us see those books.
[Witness does so.]
Q. — Can 3'Ou state from the books what property the association had
at the time of its organization ?
A. — It could have no property; they proceeded at once to secure prop-
erty; a Committee on Ileal Estate was appointed, which committee
reported and the recommendation of that committee was adopted.
Q. — Head those minutes and tell us what you did.
A. — This is the book of minutes of the association; what they did
commences on page forty-seven; a notice was certified to, calling for a
meeting on the thirteenth of January, eighteen hundred and sixt^'-four;
it was signed by one of the Directors named in the certificate of incor-
poration ; an organization of the Board was effected, eight Directors
present; their names are given here; they provided to'organize in the
usual manner; elected a President, Vice President, Secretary and 'i'reas-
urer; President. Earl Bartlett, Vice President, Wm. II. Moore, Treas-
urer, Isaac T. Miliken, Secretarj-, Samuel I. C. Swazey; a set of by-laws
and rules of order were read and referred, and, on motion of Mr Brooks,
unanimously adopted.
Q — What was the first property that was conveyed to this asso-
ciation ?
A. — The minutes go on and say : the President appointed a Com-
mittee on lieal Estate, and thej' were instructed to confei" with the
ownersof certain land situated, etc. ; the Board instructed the Secretary
to procure all necessary books, etc.
Q. — When was the deed made to the corporation ?
A. — That was long after, in the next year sometime; the Committee
(HI lieal Estate reported and the report is given, commencing on page
iii\y ; the substance of the report is this: that ti)e cc)mmittee had
inquired respecting certain lands, have conierrod with John Bens!}' and
Fred. Mason, and find that the tract embraced about one hundred acres
of land, with a frontage on the bay of about one hundred and eighty
feet ; it gives the blocks ; the committee report tlioy have had submitted
to them a map of the properly, and had consulted with Mr. Shafter
jibout the title, who thought the title of Mason and Bcnsly to the land
a good and valid one.
Q. — What is the date of that report — when was it acted upon ?
A. — That report was received by the Board on the fifteenth day of
January, eigliteen hundred and sixt^'-four, and was approved and ordered
upon the minutes, and the President and Secretary' authorized and
directed to enter into a contract for the purcliase of those lands on those
terms.
Q. — When was that contract entered into — when did they consum-
mate it ?
A. — The contract was entered into on the sixteenth of January, eigh-
teen hundred and sixtj'^-four.
Q. — lieiid that contract — give us the substance of it.
A. — The substance of it was embodied in the instructions just given ;
it was complying with those instructions.
Q. — Read it to us.
[Witness here read memorandum of agreement made on the sixteenth
of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and it was afterwar s
marked " Exhibit No. 1."]
Q. — All of these agreements were made after the passage of this Act
granting this property in conti'oversy to these ])arties?
A. — No, sir ; the Act was approved on the fourth of April, eighteen
hundred and sixty-four.
Q. — The deed was made, what time?
A. — I presume it was made about the time the contract called for it;
it is dated September sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixtj'-five.
Q. — Do you know what interests Hay ward and thofie other men named
there, other than Bensly and Mason, had in this land ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Are you familiar with the abstract which was furnished at the
examination ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You have not the abstract here ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Was there any payment made on this land before the fifteenth of
May, eighteen hundred and sixty-four?
A. — 1 do not know ; it was made at tlie time it was agreed to be
made ; the contract was that the first payment was to be made on or
before the fifteenth of May. eighteen hundred and sixty-four, the first
paj'^raent of twenty tliousand dollars; it was certainly made by that
time.
Q. — Then, as I understand your testimony, at the time of the passage
of this Act they had n > land, but simply had an agreement to purchase?
A. — I'hey had an agreement fpr the purchase of land, all the terms of
which were fulfilled up to that time.
Q. — Do you know who the subscribers were, apart from those persons
whose names are in the Act of incorporation ?
A. — I have a list of them here.
Q. — When were these made in the book ?
A. — Directly after the books were opened; the dates were not put
down when the}' were signed.
Q. — Do 3'ou recollect if they were signed immediately afterwards?
A. — I know thby were as fast as the stock was taken.
26
Q. — Was tliat prior to the passage of this Act?
A. — Yes, Bir.
Q. — That these signatures were placed there? •
A. — That is ni}- impression; I know the very great majority of them
were, if not all.
Q. — Did these people take the stock after signing that?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — You say they actually paid for that stock ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — And were not they agents of Bensly and Mason ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — The}' arc bona fide subscribers, as I understand 3'ou ?
[No answer.]
Q. — I want to know from you, or do you know, how Bensly and
Mason became the representatives of these men ? how it got out of their
hands into Bensly and Mason's?
A. — 1 don't know that it has got into the hands of Bensly and Mason.
Q. — Bensly testified that most of it is in their hands now.
Mr. Haymond — He testified that they had more than any other person.
By Mr Dangerjield — Do you know what the shares were at the time of
the distribution ?
A. — I have a book that would show you, and that was used at the
time of the distribution.
Q- — The deeds were given to those persons whose names are there as
distributors ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Mr. Haymond — We will put the book in evidence if we find it is needed.
By Mr. Dangerjield — Do you know what acts towards the reclamation or
improvement of that property were ever performed by this association,
if any?
A — The association never performed any.
Q. — You are certain of that?
A. — I am sure that they never did an}'- more than paying for this land ;
I do not know as that would come under the head of improvement; as
an association they did not make any improvements on the property that
I know of.
[Witness here identified to Mr. Haymond, and at his request, E.Khibits
one, two, three, four, five, six and seven.]
Committee adjourned to half-past seven o'clock this evening.
EVENING SESSION.
Tuesday, March 29th, 1S70.
TESTIMONY OF SILAS SELLECK.
Silas Selleck sworn.
Examined by Mr. Dangerjield :
Q. — Do you know the property of this Golden City Homestead Asso-
ciation ?
A. — Yes, sir.
27
Q. — Do you know its condition at present, in regard to improvements ?
A. — Yes, sir; there is no improvements on it; there is none, except
the railroad that crosses it.
Q — Do you know of any other laud in that vicinity of a similar char-
acter, that has been selected for a homestead association — of any improve-
ments upon that?
A. — I can speak of the South San Francisco Homestead Association.
Q. — What is the condition of that?
A. — The}' had two franchises similar to this; they donated large sums
of mone}' towards a railroad, land towards a dry-dock and land for a
church, and the}' gave another block of ground for a less sum than its
value, on condition that a certain sum of money should be expended for
a manufactory.
Q. — Have you any idea of the value of this overflowed land per acre?
A. — Only by the tide land sale; according to that, it would be worth
about three thousand dollars an acre, I believe.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
jB.y Mr. Haymond — When did the South San Francisco Homestead Asso-
ciation make those donations you speak of?
A. — Between the year eighteen hundred and sixty-two and the spring
of eighteen hundred and sixty-seven; they also built a wharf, I think,
about eighteen hundred and sixty-four.
Q. — What improvements did they make in eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven ?
A. — The last improvement they made was building a railroad from
Eailroad avenue to a point which is about a mile distant, and opening
one of the streets upon the ro; d through two other streets ; I think
that was in the spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, before they
divided up.
Q. — When did they build the church?
A. — They did not build a church; they donated land for it.
Q. — When was that?
A. — 1 think that was in the spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven, before their final division.
Q. — Were you a member of that association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Are you now ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Y''ou own the lots?
A. — Yes, sir; the association has ceased to exist.
Q — How many lots do you own there?
A. — Building lots, or the original size?
Q. — Say the original size.
A. — I own, I think it is, nine of the original size lots.
Q. — What improvements have you on them?
A. — On my lots?
Q. — Yes, sir.
A. — I have none at present; I am just about to make improvements
on part of them.
Q. — The nine lots you have, there is no improvements on them?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Are they water lots or upland ?
28
A. — Thoy are upland at pi-esont; I had one part of it water, which
I sold, which has been improved.
Q. — How many lots were there in the South San FranciHCO Homestead
Association, as distributed ?
A. — Each share got three lots, seventj'-five by one hundred, and the
surplus number went into the South San Francisco Dock Ctjmpanj-,
which was a new company formed at the expiration of the other one.
Q — How man}' lots were there?
A. — Five hundred shares.
Q. — On how many of these lots were there improvements made before
distribution ?
A. — I do not know.
Q — Were there a thousand of them improved ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — About how many, as near as you can estimate, im])rovement8
upon the lots? .
A. — There might have been a dozen improvements or buildings ))ut up.
Q. — You say there was about a dozen houses built ?
A. — There might have been a dozen before the association distributed
their property; the association first distributed one seventy-five by one
hundred-foot lot to each share; that was done about two years previous
to its winding up; then at the last winding up the}'' divided two seventy-
five feet lots to each share ?
Q. — On these seventy-five feet lots that they distributed — of the
lots that they first distributed — how many of them were there improve-
ments on; you say on these lots there might have been a dozen build-
ings?
A. — I know there was, down towards Mr. Hunter's house, a number
of buildings; I never counted them.
Q. — Who put those buildings on there?
A. — I do not know the names of the parties; Mr. Piper was one.
Q. — Did the homestead association do it?
A. — No, sir, not as an association; as an association they never built
any houses. ,
Q. — As an association how many lots out of the fifteen hundred did
they put any improvements, on the homestead association property?
A. — I do not know they put any improvements on the lots except the
dry dock; they donated twenty-nine acres to the dry dock.
Q- — Then you do not know of any improvements they put on the lots,
as an association, before distributing them?
A. — Not in the way of buildings.
Q. — In any other way?
A. — 1 spoke of the road they built to the wharf.
Q- — It runs about a mile on the land ?
A. — Yes, sir; it runs to the dry dock on the land.
Q — You have got a road across that, that was built by the associa-
tion ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q- — What else was done on the land by the association before they
distributed it?
A. — This wharf was built.
Q.— What else?
A. — That is about all that was done by the association with iheir
money; that is all that I am able to get at now.
29
(^ — Now. 3'ou say tbe^' donated to the dock company twent}' acres of
land y
A — Twenty-nine acres I think it was.
(^ — Who composed that company ? the dock company ?
A. — Yes, sir; ilie dry dock.
Q. — Do yoa know how that donation was made ?
A. — I did know at the time, but I have forirotten now.
Q. — Was it an absolute donation of the property?
A. — If I remember rightl}', I think it was, although I would not say
po.sitively about that.
Q. — Who composed that dry dock company ?
A. — I never knew; I believe Mr. Lloyd Tevis' name, and I think that
of Mr. Butterworth, were amoni^ them, and Mr. Yon Smith.
Q. — Were you on the propertj' of the South San Francisco Home-
stead Association?
A — I have been there on the property most ever^^ Sunday for five
years; and I have lived there for the last six months.
Q. — Do 3"0u know where the lines run, as surveyed and claimed by
that association — the water front line?
A. — No, sir; I am not conversant with that line, but I am with the
other lines.
Q. — Was this road built over the land donated by the State — the land
that the State granted to the company ?
A. — No, sir; the wharf is built upon that, but no road.
Q. — Well, then, the wharf is the only improvement they ever put, as
an association, upon the overflowed lands ?
A. — Yes, sir; that and the dry dock is the only improvements that
have been put on it.
Q. — The}^ did not put the dry dock on it?
A. — No, sir; but the}' donated the land for it.
Q. — But you do not know where the line that they claimed of the
water front was ?
A. — I do not remember the streets now.
Q. — Do you know where it is there, when you stand upon the ground?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — Do you know to what depth of water that line runs?
A. — I always understood it ran to six feet.
Q. — Do you know whether it runs beyond that?
A. — 1 don't think it does, except in some little places where a cove
makes in, it probably may go to a little deeper water.
Q. — You say that the only improvement that ever the South San
Francisco Homestead Association jjut on the land donated by the State
was a wharf?
A. — Yes, sir; that is all that they done on the overflowed lands.
Q. — How big a wharf was that ?
A. — It is a wharf, 1 think, tvvo hundred feet long.
Q. — Do you know what they done with that wharf?
A. — The wharf is there still.
Q. — Who owns it?
A, — 1 suppose it belongs to the South San Francisco Dock Company.
It is on their property and goes up to the dry land; I know, I have
been on it several times the last six months.
Q. — Would it be on the land that they gave to the dock company? .
A. — No, sir; the South San Francisco Dock Company is a continuation
30
of the Soulli San Francisco Homestead Association, hut the dry dock
is not.
Q. — This dry doelc company obtained their land from the South San
Francisco Homestead Association ?
A. — Yes, sir; it is just the same thing; they got it from the South
San Francisco Ilomestead Association.
Q. — Was the wharf built before or after they got their land ?
A. — 1 do not know ; all these improvements were done before the
South San i-'rancisco Dock Company was formed
Q. — What time was the wharf built?
A. — I think it was built in cither eighteen hundred and sixty-four
or eighteen hundred and sixty-five.
Q. — Do 3^ou know from what funds, whether from the funds of the
homestead association or from the funds of the dock company, that the
construction was paid out of?
A. — From the funds of the South San Francisco Homestead Associa-
tion.
EE-DIRECT EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Dangerfield — Was not this railroad a part of the improvements
of that association ?
A. — I should so consider it.
Q. — And was there anything else in their improvements; state what
were all the projected improvements, or made, of the South San Fran-
cisco Homestead Association — whatever they spent money for?
A. — In the wa}^ of improvements?
Q. — Yes, sir.
A. — The first expenditure was for a road across the marsh land there;
I think it was nine thousand dollars. Then the next was a subscription
to the Potrero and Bay View Eailroad ; I think they paid twent3'-five
thousand dollars tow^ai'ds that. And then they built this road that I
spoke of; I think it goes down to Fourteenth avenue. And then the
South San Francisco Dock Company has subscribed, I think it is forty
thousand dollars, towards the Potrero and Bay View Railroad Company.
Q. — State whether all those improvements enhanced the value of this
land — this tide land — and if so, to what extent ?
A. — I can only answer that bj' speaking of the Central Park Home-
stead Association ; we also subscribed towards the Bay View and
Potrero Railroad, and 1 know that before the railroad was finished our
land was worth scarcely any more than it was before ; to-day those shares
will average two thousand five hundred dollars apiece ; it was worth a
half a million dollars to us; I consider that the railroad has enhanced
the value of our land that much.
Q. — Did you state whether or not j'ou think those improvements have
enhanced the value of the property in controversy?
A — I think it has, very much indeed ; I think the improvements that
have been made down there have enhanced the value of these tide lands
half a million of dollars.
Q. — What do you suppose to be the value of this Golden City Home-
stead Association tide land property?
A. — 1 should say that it was worth fully as much as the tide land
sold for — that is, about 83,000 an acre.
31
RECR0S8-EXAMINATI0N.
Q — For what purpose was this South San Francisco Homestead Asso-
ciation incorporated ?
A. — For homestead purposes.
Q. — Do you remember the Act of incorporation ?
A. — I do not; 1 know they bad certain privileges, but what they were
I do not know.
Q — Was not the name of it the South San Francisco Homestead and
Railroad Association ?
A. — Yes, sir; that was the name of it.
Q. — Was not there a special fund raised from the stockholders for
building railroads.
A. — Xo, sir ; t will answer that question by saying that when we
formed that association we expected to have continued the railroad from
Market street over to the South San Francisco Homestead, and we were
to pay seventy-five thousand dollars for our property and seventy-five
thousand dollars towards the railroad, but before we hud the property
paid for we abandoned the idea of building a railroad, and never col-
lected the funds — not for that purpose ; when we had the money in to
pay for the land we stopped, and this franchise for the Potrero and Bay
View Railroad was got of the Legislature; we gave so much money
to help this project through ; we took stock first and then made them a
puresent of it; we r'one the same to the Central Park Homestead Asso-
ciation, which is at the end of the bridge ; we gave them two thousand
two hundred dollars or two thousand four hundred dollars, to the Cen-
tral Park Homestead Association.
TESTIMONY OF W. H. BRYAN.
Mr. Bryan recalled.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerfield :
Witness — I notice, Mr. Haj'mond, that you inquired particularly about
the order of these improvements and the dates.
Mr. Haymond — Y'^es, sir.
Witness — The South San Francisco Homestead Association was first
formed into an association of five hundred shares, with about two
thousand lots of seventy-five by one hundred feet; 1 may say here that
they afterwards acquired, as you say, a piece of property from the
State; in eighteen hundred and sixty-three they subscribed to a turn-
pike road, to go down to the property and to Bay View ; about the time
that we assisted in building this road, we received this land from the
State; about that time, or a little later, in eighteen hundred and sixty-
three or eighteen hundred and sixty-four, the}' donated to a company or
an individual — it was formed into a company afterwards, merged into a
dry dock company — about twenty-nine or thirty acres of land, to build
that dry dock; in eighteen hundred and sixty-five, they laid off five
hundred lots, and divided them amongst themselves, amongst the mem-
bers of the association ; in about eighteen hundred and sixty-six they
built that wharf that you inquired about — no, in the fall of eigliteen
32
hundred and sixt3'-fivo ihoy built ihut wliarf, and in the fall of eighteen
hundred and sixty-tive, also, they sold this lot to JJr. Crane, to put up
inetaliirgical works, for trying out ores and for making copperas; then,
in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, or the spring of eighteen iiundred
and sixty-six, the}' took stock in the Potrero and Ba}- View Jvailroad.
and in the spring of eigliteen hundred and sixty-seven, they gave that
stock to the Dii-octors tor the road, to go on and complete it; they sub-
scribed to the stock of that road in shares at its commencement, and
surrendered tlie stock to the Directors prior to its completion ; I mean
to say, ])ut it in, in order to assist in completing the work ; then, in
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, they divided two thousand lots more
among the members of the association, and after some years, instead of
going on to complete and perfect a division of the whole property, they
formed a new association out of the members of the old company, and
they took the name of the South San Francisco Dock Company ; there
is a Dry Dock Company and a South San Francisco Dock (/ompanj-;
this was composed entirely of the old members of the association, to
whom the old association sold the residue of its property ; that dock
company have since given twenty thousand dollars to improve that
road, to improve its grades, put in a double track and increase the
number of trips, and induced the compan}- to reduce their fares one-half;
in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, the old South San Francisco Home-
stead and Ilailroad Association also built a road through the whole
length of that tract, from which very much in that tract was mad©
accessible, which was before closed up; I believe these are all the sub-
jects you asked Mr. Sellcck about that he could not answer you ; I have
been at work on the place for over five years.
By Mr. Ilat/mond — Do you know anything about the water front?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — What is the depth of water of that front ?
A. — The depth of water runs from zero down to six feet, and I think,
in some few places, more.
Q — I believe you say the wharf was built before the new company
was formed ?
A. — Yes, sir; 1 think that was built in eighteen htfndred and sixty-
five, and I think the new company was not formed until May. eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven.
Bi/ Mr. Dav(jcrJi(-l<I — Does the average depth of that water front exceed
six ieet in depth ?
A. — 1 think not; the question was raised by the Tide Land Commis-
sioners, under this law, that the Surveyor in giving to the association that
property had exceeded his authority — had given us too much — and they
laid off within our lines a large number of lots, intending to sell them, as,
I understood, the Governor ol))ected to it; there was no api)earance of
anj'thing incorrect; I never liad any idea of an}' incorrectness or fraud
in the law ; the Surveyor had the law bctbi-e him, and took it as iiis
guide, as I understood him; 1 think, further, that I can take the law
and take in a great deal more land, so far as depth is concerned, than
we got; and, another thing, we paid for a great deal more than we got.
Q. — What has been the increase in the value to the State lands of all
those improvements which you speak of
A. — My belief is that the improvement and enhanced value of that
land is owing entirely to the construction of that i-ailroad and the
improvements that were maile there, and that the ])i'operly down there,
a few j'cars ago, in eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, for instance, lots
33
could have been bought for one hundred dollars — from one hundred
dollars to three hundred dollars — which are now worth one thousand
dollars. I gave a premium of two hundred dollars upon a lot — 1 con-
sidered it worth four hundred dollars — which I sold to Mr. Williams
last summer for a school lot, for two thousand dollars ; that is near the
railroad ; 1 have got others down there that 1 thought preferable to it,
that are not worth so much. To answer j'our question a little further,
I believe that the railroad has created more than a million dollars worth
of property down there, and it has given to the property which the
State has sold more than half a million of dollars
Q — What effect had those improvements you made upon this land on
this Golden City Homestead Association property ?
A. — This, that whenever you extend the suburbs of a city the land
inside of it becomes more valuable ; our improvements being beyond it,
it has reaped the benefits derived from our improvements; I think those
lands have increased in value more than our own, by our improvements.
Bi/ Mr Ilni/mond — That grant was made to the South San Francisco
Homestead Association in eighteen hundred and sixty-three ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — What did they give for it ?
A. — One dollar (SI) an acre, 1 think.
By Mr. Dangerjield — What Other inducements did you hold out ?
A. — I do not know, for I was not up here ; it was after that land was
granted that I became connected with the association ; a gentleman
having more than he wanted let me have two of his shares; from that
time forward 1 was familiar with it; they were shares that he did not
think worth asking me a premium for; 1 paid him what he had paid
for the stock; I have ever since been a member, and have all of the
property except that school house lot that I sold ; I have worked upon
the property ; been there engineering and laying out lots; I argued in
that association that it was our duty to make improvements on the
property, and I think the majority of the association sustained me in
that — at least in holding it together for the purpose of making it useful;
the great bane of those sales by the State is the distribution of this
property into five and ten thousand different titles, which has to be
corrected again before they can be improved.
By Mr. Haymond — Whenever you distributed a lot, you understand
it is a matter of right that a man can do what he pleases with the prop-
erty ?
A. — Certainly.
Q. — You think it is an injury to the State to have such property as
that distributed to homesteads?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Then they ought not to give it to homesteads.
34
TESTIMONY OF ZEKE WILSON.
Zeke Wilson eworn.
Examined hi/ Mr. Davfjerfidd :
Q. — Do you know anything about tho history of this Golden City
Homestead Association ; if so, give it to us — the whole history of it —
the inducements to have that Act passed ?
A. — In the winter or spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-three or
eighteen hundred and sixty-four there was a gentleman came to me,
named William B. Carr, and stated that there was a proposition before
the Legislature granting swamp and tide lands to the Golden City Home-
stead Association, and that it was a good enterprise; he wanted myself
and others to assist in the passage of the bill ; he put me in communica-
tion with a man named Mason — went and brought Mason; I talked with
him about it; I found they did not have any votes of any account, and we
took hold and assisted them to pass the bill, with the understanding that
we Avere to receive stock at its cost; and I understood from Carr and
Mason that the}' already had upland property that was to be put in at
twenty thousand dollars, and that we were to go in on that; i was to
have ten shares, another party to have ten shares, and there was a
number that were to have only five shares; at any rate, we had the
privilege of putting our friends in the enterprise, and we supposed we
would receive some of the profits; we passed the bill; I think it was
the last week of the session that it passed ; we went down to San Fran-
cis^'O, and I found the}^ had put the property in for one hundred thousand
dollars; and then I supposed we had been robbed, and we passed the
bill under a false pretence, and we came to the conclusion that we were
in with a set of thieves; and I told one of the parties that 1 thought he
had acted very bad ; and we could not get any redress, and so we drew
out; and it was Avhat we call a bilk; we were all bilked; that is one
case in which mj^self and friends were bilked, which we are not very
often ; that is all I know of it.
Q. — What representations were made to the memf)er8 of the Legis-
lature in regard to improvements to be made on this land ?
Mr. Haymond — By whom ?
A. — The representations were that it was for a homestead association.
Q. — Who made these representations ?
A. — Fred. Mason ; he is the one I talked with ; Carr put me in com-
munication with him, and I put others in communication with Mason,
JM.r. Bruton and John Martin, and Mr. Murand, who was Sergeant-at-
Arms of the Senate for that session, and others.
Q. — In representing Mason before the Legislature, what communica-
tions did you make to the members whose influence you sought, in regard
to the object and purpose and intent of this association ?
A. — That it was for a homestead association, and that the property
was to be cut up and to be distributed, and that the}' could come in and
buy stock on the same terms as others; that they would have a prefer-
ence among our friends; we did not propose to buy any one, to manip-
ulate an}'' one, or to corrujit any one; if they wanted stock, they could
buy it as cheap as I bought it.
Q. — Was there any argument used as to the increase in tho revenue
that would thus accrue to the State of California from the improve-
ments ?
35
A. — Oh, yes.
Q — And by whom ?
A. — By myself and others; we made the best argument we could, of
course ; we were authorized by Mr. Mason to do so.
Q. — You say that propert}^ was valued at twenty thousand dollars —
represented to be worth that ?
A. — I understood that the propert}^ had cost twenty thousand dollars —
the upland, and that we were to buy the tide land from the State as
cheap as wc could ; if I am not mistaken, the Swamp Land Commis-
sioners were to appraise it.
Q. — Is that all that you know about that operation ?
A. — Yes, sir; that is pretty much all; I know that I was swindled,
and my associates were swindled, and I know that myself and associates
passed the bill.
Q. — You know you made these representations to the members with
whom you conversed, that it was a homestead for poor people ?
A. — Yes, sir; and that it was an enterprise I supposed they could
make some money out of.
Q. — And the State would be benefited bj^ the increase in the value?
A. — Yes, sir.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
Bi/ Mr. Haymond — Was you engaged in another homestead association
at the same time?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — And the two were going together?
A. — No, sir; they were not in the same boat; the North San Fran-
cisco had legitimate strength and plenty of it; and if this proposition
did not go in with it there would not be any trouble to pass it if the
newspapers had not attacked the North San Francisco until this (rolden
City got in with it; I recollect the Bulletin said the party was trying to
steal two million dollars from the State; they denounced it as the Green
Kelp Bill ; the newspapers attacked both propositions after Mason came
up with his thieving bill.
Q. — You did not believe it was a thieving bill then, did you ?
A. — No, I did not, at the time, but I did since — very soon after the
Legislature adjourned; there are several gentlemen in the lobby that
know more about it than I do; if you wished them called I will give
names.
Q. — Did you use any unfair means to procure the passage of this bill?
A. — No, sir; I do not know that I did ; I was deceived and I deceived
others.
Q. — Upon what point were you deceived?
A. — 1 believed that the party was acting in good faith.
Q. — That is, that he would give you some of it ?
A. — Yes, sir ; that they would let us have property at the same price
they had bought for — the quantity that they agreed to let us have.
Q. — Then the deception was between you and them ?
A. — It was the difference between twenty thousand and one hun-
dred thousand dollars, that was why we did not take our stock ; it
would have been well, perhaps, for us to have gone in and took the
stock at their figures, but we believed we had been robbed by Pred.
Mason and his associates of eighty thousand dollars, and I know it and
can prove it.
Q. — Did you at that time believe the State was being robbed ?
A. — No; I thought the property wji8 worth lesB to the State in the
condition it wjih in, and that by private enterprise it might be made val-
uable and tax-producing property, if they had acted in good faith, dis-
tributed the property, let the parties have the stock they were entitled
to and gone on and made the improvements it was supi)Osed they
would do.
Q. — The North San Francisco bill passed the same time, did it?
A. — Yes, sir; it did.
Q. — What improvements have you made up there?
A. — They have made a great many improvements; there is one estab-
lishment there that cost over fifty thousand dollars.
Q. — Made by the association ?
A. — No; they sold the property to a party who put some forty or
fifty thousand dollars upon it.
Q. — But not by the association itself?
A. — They built a wharf, or they bought one and improved it; there is
a good deal of business of importance done upon the property.
Q. — Do you say now that any unfair means were used in the Legisla-
ture to pass this bill ?
A. — I have never used any to pass any bill ; I was deceived and neces-
sarily deceived others; I supposed the parties would act in good faith
and let us have the property.
Q. — If the State sold it for three dollars per acre, and that was a good
price, that did not make much difference to the State?
A. — Yes, sir; but if the homestead association had acted in good
faith, and those at the head of it had sold the property and distributed
it, there would have been improvements made upon it.
Q. — But 3'ou knew who was to have the land ?
A. — Yes, sir; I will make a statement: we would have defeated the
Golden City bill the day it passed, only we became afraid that Gov-
ernor Low would not sign the North Homestead Association bill, as it
was represented to us that Mr. Mason had the Governor, and that com-
pelled us to run it through, for I had come to the conclusion that this
Mason was a dishonorable man ; my attention was called to it b}'- other
parties, who said he would not do ; but we were in a tight place and we
had to take him through in order to save the North San Francisco Asso-
ciation bill.
Q. — You thought at that time they were fair dealers ?
A. — Yes, sir; if the party had acted in good faith.
Q. — It was talked of that this land was not granted to private per-
sons but to a corporation ?
A. — It was granted to a corporation.
Q. — You knew at the time that it was not to go to an individual ?
A. — It was granted to what was known as the Golden City Associa-
tion, and they agreed to let us have stock at cost.
Q. — You say they agreed — that the homestead association agreed, or
do you mean that Mason agreed ?
A. — Mason was the man I did the business with ; I was unfortunate in
doing business with a d — d scoundrel, which I told him at the time, and
I have been free to say so ever since.
Q. — When did you first ascertain that the contract made with Mason
would not be complied with ?
A. — The day that the bill passed; John Martin came and told me
so; told me that Mason was a bad man; he (Martin) was interested
with us in the passage of the bill; he said Mason was not acting in
87
good faith with ns, but it was too late; we could not beat his bill with-
out, perhaps, beating the Noi-th San Francisco bill; and then it was
represented to us that he controlled Governor Low on the veto ; after
we went down to San Francisco, Martin went for his stock, and he
came and represented to me that they had put in the upland property
for one hundred thousand dollars instead of twenty thousand dollars; I
thought Martin might be mistaken about it, so I went down myself to
the office; then I went to Carr about it; Carr said they were acting
ver}' badly; that he would try to have it straightened up, and it ran
along a number of days, and finally Carr told me we were in with a set
of d — d rascals, and we had better draw out and have no connection
with them.
Q. — Did you ever apply to, or have any communication with, the
Board of Directors of this company at any time, or any man that you
knew or believed to be a Director or Trustee ?
A. — I went to their office, corner Jackson and Montgomery streets ;
they had a secretary there, and Mason and some others were there ; I
don't recollect who else ; and I did not get any satisfaction ; and then I
went to Mason's, from that office, in Montgomery block, and had a con-
versation and talk with him.
Q. — Did you ever have any communication with the Board of Directors
of the Golden City Homestead Association, or with any man that you
knew to be a Director of that company ?
A. — I supposed Mason was one of the Directors ; he was the only one
I did business with in connection with the matter; I did not go and
advertise him that I had been swindled, though it was notorious with
many men that had been about the Legislature at that session.
Q. — The promises that Mason had made to 3'ou had not been kept ?
A. — No, sir; in no particular; we were at work upon his bill for two
or three weeks and never received a ten cent piece, and had to pay our
own expenses.
Q. — The Bulletin, you mentioned, charged you with assisting this com-
pany to steal two millions of dollars ; you did not believe that ?
A. — No, sir; I did not believe the Bulletin that time.
Q. — Did you assist to pass the bill for the South San Francisco Home-
stead Association ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You had nothing to do with that ?
A. — I do not know that I did.
Q. — Did you know it was pending before the Legislature ?
A. — I do not know that ever i opposed them; 1 have been here when
they had legislation.
Q — Was you here in eighteen hundred and sixty-three, when their
bill was passed ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Did you have anything to do with that, then ?
A.^I do not know as I remember it; I remember I sympathized with
the enterprise, but I never was employed in their case, that I know of;
I do not know that I have been of any service to them.
38
TESTIMONY OF C. P. ROSS.
C. P. R088 sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Damjerfield :
Q. — Do you know the property in dispute ?
A.— I do.
Q. — What improvements are there on the tide land portions of it ?
A. — At present there is a way — small waj^s, for the repairs of small
vessels; there was two, one of which has been taken away since the
bridge was built.
Q. — To what extent has that improvement increased the taxable prop-
erty of the State ?
A. — But slightly.
Q. — What bus caused the increase in the value of that property ?
A. — The particular cause of the increase has been the construction of
the Bay View Railroad, built in part by the money of the South San
Francisco Homestead Association, and altogether by the energy of the
members of it.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Haymond — Are you a member of the South San Francisco
Homestead Association ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Do you know whether any of the tide lands granted to this asso-
ciation have ever been assessed or taxed ?
A — No, sir ; I never had anything to do with it.
Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning.
SECONID DA.Y.
Wednesday, March 30tb, 1870.
Mr. Haymond — We will introduce no testimony to controvert the
plaintiff's testimony, as introduced, on the point as to the value of the
land.
TESTIMONY OF GEORGE S. EVANS.
George S. Evans sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerjield :
Q. — You were a member of the Senate in eighteen hundred and sixty-
three ana 'four?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — You were a member of the Senate at the time the bill for the
Golden City Homestead Association was passed ?
A. — 1 was.
Q. — Did you vote for or against the passage of that bill ?
A. — I voted for the passage of the bill.
Q. — Was that matter discussed and representations made to you by
persons interested in the passage of the bill, as to the object and pur-
pose and the effect that it would have on the interests of the State — the
advantage it would be to its property?
A. — There was but verj'- little said about it; it was introduced in the
early part of the session, in the House, and it passed the Senate at the
end of the session.
Q. — State what these representations were and by whom they were
made ?
A. — Mr. Cherry, a member of the Legislature from San Francisco, in
the House, and Mr. Redding, a Senator, and other parties there whose
names I have forgotten, spoke to me about it; the representations in
the case were, that the land was really of no value to the State and that
the improvements about to be made upon it would increase the value,
and would create a great deal of taxable property, and that it would be
a benefit to the State; it was said to be for a homestead, and that it
would be a great benefit to the State and to the City of San Francisco ;
that it would be laid out into lots and settled up and improvements
made upon it.
40
Q. — I understand you to say that it was upon these representations
that j'ou were induced to vote for it ?
A. — I do not know bow 1 should have voted if 1 had not heard of
these things; I did not know anything about the matter myself; in one
sense I considered it a local proposition, and in another, as affecting the
State; I heard of it from parties down there, from friends of the
measure.
Q. — During that time did you have any conversation with Fred.
Mason in regard to it ?
A. — I may have, but I do not recollect; a great many spoke to me
about/ it, but I don't recollect their names ; J. recollect more particularly
about Eedding, from the fact that Mr. Buckley was against it and
Redding was for it, and both of them were all the time at me about it.
Redding convinced me that the bill ought to pass, as much as any other
one there.
Q. — Would you know the names of the persons who spoke to you on
the subject, if they were mentioned ?
A. — 1 do not know that I would.
Q. — For instance, if you heard the names of the i corporators, would
it refresh your memory ?
A. — I could not be positive as to an3' persons speaking to me about it;
I could not tell whether they were members of this association or not;
1 know there was a good deal said about it; a good deal of interest
manifested about it; there was a good deal of talk backwjirds and for-
wards.
Q. — I understand you to say emphatically, that j^ou voted for the bill
upon the representations that it would enhance the value of the prop-
erty, and that it was for homestead purposes ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — And that it would enhance the value of the property of the State?
A. — There were two homestead bills passed that winter, and I voted
for both of them on that ground.
Q. — Would you have voted for that bill if the title was to pass to pri-
vate individuals for speculative purposes ?
A. — Not unless it was for purposes of improvement. *
Q. — Did you look upon the price at which that land was sold as its
fair value ?
A. — 1 did not know much about the value of land there ; I did not
even know how far that land is from the City of San Francisco; my
general impression is that any lands around in that portion ot the city
would be worth more than that was sold for; four years ago I tried
to buy land out near the Bay View Park, and they asked four to five
hundred dollars an acre for it.
TESTIMONY OF B. F. WASHINGTON.
B. F. Washington — (Testimony taken without swearing, by stipulation.)
Witness — I am one of the Tide Land Commissioners; I know where
the Golden City Homestead Association is claimed to be.
Q. — Have you any idea of the value of the lands in that vicinity ?
A. — Taking the sale of lands around it by the Commissioners, 1
41
should estimate the whole tract of land as worth two thousand dollars
an acre; that is, at the lowest.
Q. — Do you know anything of any improvements having ever been
made on that tract?
A, — I have not seen any there, and I do not think there is any there
at all ; none that is manifest.
TESTIMONY OF FEEDERICK xMASON.
Frederick Mason sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerfield :
Q. — I believe you are a member of the Golden City Homestead Asso-
ciation ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — And were at the time of its organization ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — You wei'e an owner in the property in the uplands?
A. — Yes. sir.
Q. — Had you anything to do with the Legislature on this subject —
the passage of the bill of eighteen hundred and sixty-four, for the for-
mation of that homestead association and the getting of the lands from
the State of California?
A. — After the formation of the association I was requested to come to
Sacramento and present a bill asking for a grant of tide land in fronjt
of the hind of the association.
Q. — You were then acting as an agent for that association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — State what arguments or inducements, if any, you held out to
those with whom you conversed, members of the Legislature, in regard
to the utility of such a bill to the State of California ; the object and
purpose of the association, and everj'thing in general terms connected
with it.
A. — There was no particu'ar arguments held out; it was a precedent
already established the year before by grant to the South San Francisco
Homestead Association, and it was upon that precedent that we predi-
cated the passage of our bill.
Q. — Was there any argument made use of in regard to the increase in
the value of those lands, in consequence of the increase of revenue to the
State from taxation ?
A. — In regard to that matter, of course 1 have alwaj'S held, and hold
now, that those lands in the hands of individuals would become taxable
property, while in the hands of the State they would not; and that they
would increase, of course, naturally, in the hands of private parties
more than in the hands of the State.
Q — Did you make any representations to those legislators with regard
to the use and purpose to which you would appl}' this land, or the
improvements which were to be made upon it if granted to the associa-
tion ?
A. — I made no such ; I held out no such inducements to any man, to
vote for the bill.
()
42
Q. — Do you know whether any one else was authorized to do so by
any one acting for the association ?
A. — No, sir; that was the argument in a general way in regard to all
these lands or grants made to private individuals or associations, that
the land would become taxable property.
Q. — How did you suppose that it would become taxable property
unless that j-ou made improvements in some way on it ?
A. — The moment it went into the hands of individuals it then becomes
taxable property.
Q — I understand that ; but the revenue from land at three dollars an
acre would be very small ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do j'Ou suppose that would be an inducement on the part of the
Legislature to occupy its time in the passage of a bill to create a prop-
erty of about three or four hundred dollars upon which there would be
a tax ?
A. — I cannot say.
Q. — You do say, however, that j^ou used no such argument, made no
promises that it would be improved as a homestead ?
A. — I did not.
Q. — Didn't you suppose that the title of that bill itself implied such a
promise ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — The title of it being " The Golden City Homestead Association ?"
A. — That clearly defined the purpose of it, to buy land in large tracts
and dispose of it in small lots.
Q. — Isn't the purpose of all homestead associations the procurement
of homesteads to individuals ?
A. — It would seem so from the word itself.
Q. — That would be a verj- singular homestead, upon six feet of water,
having no house upon it ?
A. — A man could not live on six feet of water, unless he lived in a
boat.
Q. — Who were the owners in that homestead association, at the time
of its organization ?
A. — The stockholders.
Q- — Who were the persons representing the company before the Legis-
lature, the men who ^vere authorized to act for you before the Legislature,
in procuring the passage of this bill?
A. — There was no one.
Q. — I want to know who was authorized to explain the object and
purpose of this bill to the legislators, in behalf of the company or cor-
poration ?
A. — No one, specially employed for that purpose; at the time this
grant of land was asked for, there was also a bill before the Legislature
for a grant to the North San Francisco Homestead Association, and that
association had a good many friends here; one bill would not be likely
to pass without the other, and I presume we got a good deal of unasked
lobbying aid in that way.
Q- — Were you aware of the representations that that lobby was
making to the Legislature at the time, with regard to what 3-ou were
going to do with this land when you procured it — making in your name?
A. — 1 was not.
Q. — You never heard of them ?
A. — No, sir; what representations were made?
43
Q. — Did you agree with any of these men who were working for it,
that they might have shares ot stock in this association, in payment for
their labor in your behalf, and if so, who were they ?
A — 1 gave to one man a promise of five shares of stock, of my own
stock, unauthorized by the association, if he would attend to the matter
— the passage of the bill, look after it during ray absence and while I
was here.
Q. — Who was that man ?
A.— Wm. B. Carr.
Q. — Any one else ?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Did you authorize Wm. B. Carr, for yourself or the association,
to make an}- representations to the members of the Legislature in regard
to the object and purpose of ibis association ?
A. — I did not.
Q. — Did you know of his makingany promises or statements in regard
to the object and pui-pose of this association, and using the name of the
company or corporation ?
A. — I know that he talked with people about the bill, but what he
said to them. I did not know, and do not know now
Q. — Then I understand you to say that you never agreed with but
one man to give him anything for his labor and influence in procuring
the passage ot this Act?
A. — I said so.
Q. — And to him you promised five shares of your own individual
stock, as the value of the consideration ?
A. — Yes, sir ; and it is well enough to say right here, that subse-
quently, I gave Mr. Carr two hundred and fifty dollars, fifty dollars a
share, which he preferred to take to the shares — he would rather have
the money than the stock.
Q. — I understand that is the only agency you had in this matter.
A. — Yes, sir ; other members of the lobby came to me day after day,
and I said to them that I had no power to act about it; 1 said to them,
if the}- saw proper, they could subscribe for the stock; they asked if
they could have the privilege of subscribing, after the passage of the
bill ; I said, certainly, before all others.
Q — What was the value of that ground you had at the time of the
passage of this bill ?
A — I think it was worth one thousand dollars an acre.
Q. — Do you know the value of a piece of land that Barstow bought,
adjoining you, about the same time ?
A. — I do not; its value, I suppose, would be about the same as this;
it was valuable land, only there was a question about the title; there
was no question about our title.
Q. — It had been passed upon in the Supreme Court at that time?
A. — No, sir ; not by the Supreme Court ; Judge Shafter gave us his
opinion about the title to this land ; he had tried the case in the Dis-
trict Court, and become entirely familiar with it, and he, without any
hesitation, recommended the title as being valid.
Q. — Who were the owners of this upland, besides you and Bensly ?
A. — There were some seven or eight owners.
Q. — Could j'ou name them ?
A. — Some of them, Alvinza Ilayward, John Bidwell, W. S. Taylor,
Wm. Sherman, Wm. H. Moore, and I do not know the others.
44
Q. — What interest had these men, and from whom did they acquire
that interest ?
A. — From Hensly and myself; I bought the land in eighteen hundred
and fifty-three.
Q. — \Viiat interest was it ?
A. — The interests were twelfths and twenty-fourths; they all held
a twelfth interest, except Mooreand Sherman, who held a twelfth between
them ; they acquired that interest some time in the year eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-three, before the passage of this Act.
Q. — You say that land was worth two thousand dollars an acre ?
A. — No, sir; I said one thousand dollars; that is what we estimated
its value at.
Q. — Did you suppose that was the actual value of the land at that time,
or only its prospective value, with a view to the passage of this Act?
A. — We considered that one hundred thousand dollars was the value
of that land to be sold by any homestead association, where payments
were to be made, running two years, in monthly payments, without
interest.
Q. — Without reference to the water front at all ?
A. — You are aware, probably, that sales of land made in that way, by
homestead associations, always bring larger prices than a ready cash
sale — land sold subject to monthly instalments of ten dollars each lot,
without interest.
Q. — Did 3'ou suppose that that land would bring anything like that
price for any purpose without this prospective grant of the tide land
there; or was it not that which gave it in part the value which you
placed upon it?
A. — I considered that the land, as an investment, was worth one hun-
dred thousand dollars to any man or association at that time.
Q. — With or without this prospective grant?
A. — Yes, sir; irrespective of that.
Q. — If that would be so, did you think three dollars an acre was any-
thing like the value of the tide lands fronting upon this land of which
you speak?
A. — I could not determine that; that would have to be determined
by the Board of State Harbor Commissioners; I thought it was a good
bargain ; it was not so good, however, a's the tide land sale to the South
San Francisco Homestead Association, at one dollar an acre, the year
before.
Q. — Would you think it would be worth one hundred dollars an acre?
A. — I would not give one hundred dollars an acre for it at the time.
Q. — You would not have given one hundred dollars an acre to have
held the land there without improvements?
A. — No, sir; not at that time.
Q. — What, then, has produced this great change in the value of the
property?
A. — The general rise of property all over the City of San Francisco.
Q. — Do you know of any such rise in the City of San Francisco, from
three dollars an acre to two or three thousand dollars an acre in that
time; you gave three dollars an acre for it, and now j'ou say it is worth
two thousand dollars?
A. — Yes, sir; the water front property has increased in that ratio; I
mean unimproved outside tide land property.
Q — Do you think that all the water front there has increased in that
proportion, from three dollars to two or three thousand dollars an acre?
45
A. — I think, you take the land that has been sold by the State to
homestead associations, and the increase in price, the value of the price
jiaid. and the present price is fully equal to that; land has been bought
at one hundred dollars an acre that is now worth two thousand dollars
an acre; land has been bought at two dollars an acre and is now worth
two or three tiiousand dollars an acre.
Q. — llasn'l that increase in value been made by the improvements
placed upon it?
A. — I have no doubt that the improvements in particular localities
have increased the value of the land, but the great rise in the real estate
of the City and County of San Francisco has been general.
Q. — Have yon made any improvements on this land calculated to in-
crease its value?
A. — We started out to make a system of improvements there; we built
a road or contributed to the building of a road across the water property,
and we supi)Osed that that was but the beginning of a sj'Stem of
improvements; the Potrero and Bay View Eailroad closed up the
creek, contrary to our understanding of the matter; they left no draw;
they piled up the bridge in the night time, without our consent or
knowledge ; and at the time we had various projects for the purpose of
buying land on the shore line of the bay, suitable for a small ship yard
for repairing and building small vessels; there were three already
started there; by the tearing up of this bridge they were driven away,
and some of the waj^s are rotting there now on the shore line, and all
our improvements in that way were destro_yed and prevented by the
action of this railroad company; we therefore found ourselves in this
position, after we had contributed about three thousand five hundred
dollars to the building of the bridge, they so managed it as to damage
us.
A. — Then you supposed it was your duty to make those improvements
on the land, under the Act of the Legislatui'e ?
A. — Not at all; there was no obligation imposed upon us; there was
no dut}' of that kind that we felt called upon to discharge.
Q. — You say that but for the interference of the railroad company,
but for the stopping up of that draw, a colony would have grown up
there and made that land very valuable ; what would have been the ex-
pense to 3'ou of putting in a draw in that bridge ?
A. — It would cost, probably, five thousand dollars for a suitable bridge.
Q. — Weren't you informed that that could be done for three thousand
dollars?
A. — I was not.
Q — Wouldn't a draw similar to the one on Mission Creek serve your
purpose ?
A. — It would not be sufficient.
Q. — What is the reason ?
A. — The opening is not wide enough.
Q. — Isn't it wide enough for all crafts that would go up that creek?
A. — No, sir ; 1 have known, as early as eighteen hundred and fifty-
three or 'four, the steamer Dashaway to lay up the creek for a long time.
Q. — Did you contribute enough, as much as a draw vfould cost, towards
this bridge — did your companj^ did you individually, or any of j'ou ?
A. — I do not know.
Q. — You just said, as I understood you, that you contributed from
two thousand dollars to three thousand dollars ?
46
A. — I said from three thousand dollars to three thousand five hundred
dollars.
Q. — You said this draw would cost about five thousand dollars?
A. — Certainly; throe thousand five hundred dollars would not build a
five thousand dollar bridge; but we will pay one thousand five hundred
dollars more to it now if they put the draw in, if that is the difficulty.
Q. — We are not settling that proposition now; I have no author-
ity to act upon that matter; isn't it your opinion that the imj^rove-
ments made south of this property have caused the increase in the value
of yours — the building of this bridge and the improvements south of
you?
A. — I consider that the improvements north, south, east and west
have all contributed to the increase in the value of the Golden City
Ilomestead Association property; and I consider that the building of
that bridge has been a very serious injur}- to the value of the land of the
Golden City Homestead Association ; I would like to state here, that at
the time we commenced a ship j'ard over there a man named Fisher
went over there and bought a lot and built a house, to establish a grocery
there; he had been a sort of leader among men building small vessels
over at the foot of Bryant, over by Kincon Point; Mr. Fisher said he
would bring over a large colony of them; but Mr. Fisher's grocery was
a failure after and by reason of the building of the bridge.
Q. — What are your uplands worth to-day. adjoining this tide land
property ?
A. — From two thousand dollars to three thousand dollars an acre.
Q. — What is the water land worth ?
A. — About the same price; about two thousand five hundred dollars.
Q. — You said at the time of this grant that the uplands were worth
one thousand dollars an acre, and that you thought three dollars an
acre was about a fair price for the other, and that you would not give
one hundred dollars an acre for it; what caused this change in the
value of the land ?
A. — The general appreciation in the value of real estate in the City
and County of San Francisco.
Q. — Why would that make one appreciate more thart the other? why
would it make the tide land appreciate more tnan the upland ?
A. — 1 cannot tell.
Q. — Can you give any reason j'ourself for such a change; your own
best judgment ?
A. — Well, no; I cannot give any particular reasons ; and the reason
I cannot do it is this, places so peculiarly situated as the tide lands are
in the City of San Francisco at present, unimproved, are more or less
in value according to locality and improvements around them ; peo-
ple buy them, thinking that they are a good investment, that they will
be worth more by and by, but it is certain that those lands, at the mar-
ket value of it in San Francisco, would not bo used to pay one per cent.
a 3'ear upon them ; they cannot be used and occui)ied so as to pay one
per cent, upon the value of three thousand dollars an acre; the value is
imaginary and speculative.
Q. — Do you call a value imaginary and speculative when it will bring
gold— wnen it can be sold for actual dollars and cents to that amount ?
A. — I mean to say that the market price of these lands at present is
beyond their real value vastly, that is all ; that it is speculative and
imaginary, and depends on the future of San Francisco.
47
Q. — If you had a piece of land that j-ou could sell for three thousand
dollars an acre, I suppose you could make that money useful ?
A. — Yes, sir; but tiie man who bought, perhaps, could not.
Q. — As valuable as you consider this land now, would you sell a small
portion of it to any one who would make improvements upon it ?
A. — I would like to see some proposition — I cannot tell.
Q. — If you could be certain that improvements wore to be made there,
would 3-ou not be willing to sell ?
A. — I do not want to put myself in the market place, but I will hear
an\' propositions.
Q — Would you not let a man who would make improvements have it
for less than you would sell the balance of the property?
A. — I think very likely I would, and I would entertain any proposi-
tion of that kind now.
Q — Do you not know you would?
A. — I do not want to commit myself on that point, but I think I
would ; I think most men would ; some men would not sell the property
at any price.
Q — Did you not suppose that the value placed upon the land by the
Tide Land Commissioners was more with the view of selling it for the
purpose of improvement than for the amount realized for it?
A. — There were no Tide Land Commissioners at that time.
Q. — Well, Swamp Land Commissioners — those who did sell it?
A — I do not know what motives entered into their consideration ; I
don't know what motives induced the Tide Land Commissioners to sell.
Q. — What is your opinion ?
A. — My opinion is that the Swamp Laud Commissioners thought they
were getting a good price for the land at the time they sold it to the
Golden City Homestead Association ; I know that they said they did not
want to charge us three times what thej^ charged the South San Fran-
cisco Homestead Association the year before, and they thought they
were making a good sale
Q — Was it thought by the people of the South San Francisco Asso-
ciation that they were paying the value of it simply to hold it?
A. — I do not know.
Q. — The Golden City Homestead Association did not promise to make
ira])rovements in consequence of getting the land cheap?
A. — No, sir.
Q — Give us the whole history, from the inception to the end of it ?
A. — You have got it about all; you have been very searching; Mr.
Williams probably can give it to you better than 1 can.
Mr. Williams — I am going on the stand.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
Q. — Was this bill granting the land to the Golden City Homestead
Association introduced before or after the contract to sell to your com-
pany was made ?
A. — After the contract was made.
Q. — After that bill was introduced, and after it was passed, the books
of your company were open to anybody to subscribe for stock ?
A. — They were, sir.
Q. — You spoke about the Dallam title being a cloud on the property
of the Potrero ?
A. — Yes, sir.
48
Q — On the tract bought by Biirstow ; there was also another claim
exclusive of that ?
A. — Yes, sir; an adverse holding of possession.
Q. — The De Heano covered it as well as that of the Golden City ?
A. — Yes, sir; the J)e Hano covered the whole Potrero; the Golden
City land held part of the Potrero
Q. — You and Beiisly had a great deal more land there than yon con-
veyed to the Golden City Homestead — other land?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — The subscriptions given to that railroad company were not by
your company, but b}- individuals?
A. — They were by Bensl}^ and myself; the Golden City Homestead
Association had no existence at that time.
RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION.
Q. — What consideration ])assed at the time of the sale of this prop-
erty ?
A. — I don't remember; it is expressed in the agreement.
Q. — Was that a positive sale, or wasn't it contingent upon the fact
that the Golden Citj- tide land bill should pass the Legislature?
A. — I think it was a positive sale, independent of any other,
Q. — Was there any monej- paid previous to the passage of that Act?
A. — I presume so.
TESTIMONY OF M. S. MONTGOMERY.
M. S. Montgomery sworn :
Examined hy Mr. Dnngerfield :
Q. — You were a member of the Senate of this State in eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-three and eighteen hundred and sixty-four?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Have j-ou any knowledge of the passage of a certain Act by the
Legislature, known as the Golden City Homestead bill?
A. — I know of such a measure and its passage, with two or three other
similar measures that were passed at the same session of the Legisla-
ture, or at least were under consideration in the Senate; one of these
measures was an Act to amend the law in relation to the securing of
titles to homesteads; the other was a measure in reference to the South
San Francisco Association; this Golden City Homestead Association I
remember of in connection with these; that which 1 remember most
distinctly about, is owing to certain personal ai^socialions I had with two
Senators from San Francisco; Mr. Buckley and Mr. iiedding were then
in the Senate; Mr. Buckley has since been killed; he died from the effect
of some mishap; he and I were very warm personal friends, and ordina-
rily, in reft-rence to San Francisco matters,! voted with him; I voted for
this Golden Cit}' Homestead Association bill, partly by representations
made by Mr. Redding, and partly from representations I got otherwise;
I do not now know who from; the locality of this land granted by that
bill I did not know anything of, otherwise than it is somewhere about
the Potrero Nuevo; I never was there that I know of; the impressions
49
made upon me generally, and wliicb induced me to vote as I did upon
the proposition, was simply this: it was a grant of land generally repre-
sented as being of merel}- nominal value; that intrinsically, taking it just
as it was, it was measurably insignificant in value; that the grant was
made for the purpose of having it settled up, giving people homesteads,
and making general improvements; it was said, for a reason for the grant,
that the State would thereby be benefited by reason of the surrounding
lands becoming more valuable in consequence of the improvements that
would be put upon this land; I have not looked at the Journal of the
Senate for that year to find how man}' votes were taken on this bill; if
I am not mistaken now, it was an Assembly bill, and my further recol-
lection is, it was passed through the Senate within the last fifteen days
of the session; 1 state that from my recollection now, not from anything
that I have made an examination of.
Q — You say that these impressions were made by the friends of the
bill?
A. — Yes, sir; and Senator Buckley voted against the bill, if I am not
mistaken ; Mr. Eedding voted for it, and i think perhaps Mr. Buckley
came to me afterwards and said that it was a grant of too much land,
and said that in the futui-e of San Francisco it would make the grantees
very wealthy ; oti the other hand, it was said to me by Mr. Eedding,
and probably bj- various other persons, generally, in talking about the
measure (who mentioned it, other than those persons, I do not know),
I think that Eedding told me that, intrinsically, the land was of no con-
siderable value, that it was unimportant, and lay distant from the popu-
lation, and that the intention was to settle it up as a homestead associa-
tion, and thereby the State would lose nothing by the grant, but, on the
contrary, would make ; the gentleman who has just testified here, I do
not know his name, said, if I understood him correctly, that at the time
this grant was made, this land was worth a thousand dollars an acre.
Mr. Matton — (interrupting) — I said the upland, not the tide land.
Witness — (continuing) — I would not have voted for any bill granting
land from the State to individuals, worth a thousand dollars an acre ;
the idea that impressed itself on my mind, and which guided my action
in voting for the bill, was, that this land was of the class of lands lying
in the vicinity of the surroundings of San Francisco that required an
expenditure of money, and improvements, to make it of an}' considerable
value, and that it was surrounded by other lands of similar character,
which would enhance in value, and the State would derive a revenue
from it in the way of taxation.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
Bt/ Mr. Haymond — You knew, of course, if the State made an absolute
grant of land to the Golden Cit}' Homestead Association, that there
was no legal obligation upon them to improve it, or to do anything
other than as they pleased to do with it; did you know at that time, and
do you know now, that it is not the object of homestead associations to
improve lands, but rather to acquire lands and divide it up among the
members of the association, that the title must pass from the association
before the improvements can be made?
A. — Yes, sir, I know that is the usual course of associations now-a-
days ; do not understand me to say that any person interested in the
50
acquisition of the title to the land conve3-ed by the grant in the Act of
this Golden City HomcHteiul AssociiUion, ever assured me that they
would put improvements there; on the contrary, so far as I know, I had
no information from those parties, but the gentleman from whom I had
information, and in whom I reposed much confidence, assured me that
that would be the result.
Bi/ Mr Dniujerfjehl — Had you any idea tiuU the Senate would p;i88
such a hill, for merely speculative purposes?
A. — That is a very difficult question to answer, what a California
Senate would do or would not do, for speculative or real purposes,
cither J I could not answer you what the Senate would have done, I
could only answer you what my course would have been.
TESTIMONY OF CHARLES CAPP.
Charles Capp sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Dangerfield :
Q. — State, in general terms, everything you know about the organiza-
tion of the Golden City Homestead Association ?
A — I know very little about it.
Q. — Do you know anything about its organization at all?
A. — I know when it Avas organized, and 1 was asked to take shares in
it, to assist in having the stock taken.
Q. — Who asked you?
A. — I am under the impression that Mr. Mason asked me ; if I recol-
lect right, I had a conversation with him; I was also asked b}' a gen-
tleman in the emploj' of Mr. Bensly, and I had a conversation with the
Secretary of the association, in consequence of having been applied to
for that purpose. «
Q. — What were the representations ? what did they say, and who
said it ?
A. — It is a long time ago, and ray recollection is not as distinct as it
might be ; I know that either in consequence of a note that I received,
or in consequence of a message that was sent me, I went to the office
of Mr. Bensl}', or to the office of the association, and I saw the Secretary,
a gentleman named Swazey, 1 think, and I was there shown an abstract
of the title of the property that thej' had, that is on the dry land, and
an opinion of Judge Shafter to the efFeet that the title was good, and
could be safely purchased ; I was offered one share of the stock free, to
take hold of the business and endeavor to have friends of mine take
stock in the company.
Q. —Was that prior to the passage of the Act by the Legislature ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — What was the value of that land, in your estimation, at that
time?
A. — 1 do not know, but from an examination I made of the abstract
and opinion of Judge Shafter, I came to the conclusion that it was
simply an expression on his part that in case litigation was likelj- to
arise, or that litigation did arise, that the owners of this land from
whom the association was to purchase, would be able to successfully
51
defend it; I had been engaged in forming assoeialions of that kind, and
I had very carefully refrained from dealing in any lands concerning
which there was a probability of any litigation; in most cases I con-
fined myself to titles that we consider without a flaw, where there was
no contest likely to arise at all ; I was of the opinion that litigation was
likel}' to arise concerning this propert}', and for that reason I did not
care to lake hold of the organization for fear that subsequent trouble
would arise; but at the same time I had a conversation with this other
friend of mine, who I knew was one of the members of the association,
and I think one of the Trustees, and was in the employ of Bensly, and
therefore I supposed in his confidence; in those conversations it was
distinctly stated that the intention was to appl}' for a grant of tide
lands, and the idea was very distinctly put forward that the tide land
would be worth more, if it could be obtained from the Legislature, than
the other property of the association ; that it would be the most valu-
able pai-t of the property, and that a great deal of money would be
made b}' obtaining the grant; 1 knew that, as a general rule, these
grants were obtained on promises to make improvements, and i was
satisfied that no improvements could be made at that time on this prop-
erty that would at all pay; and, besides that, my opinion was very fixed
and well settled, that all these applications for tide land grants were
essentially dishonest; that it was endeavoring to get members of the
Legislature to betray their trust and squander the property of the State
without an equivalent for it; as a correspondent and writer for newspa-
pers I had always opposed it, and 1 believed what I had written, and
taking that view of the matter, 1 declined to have anything to do with
any of these associations in which tide lands were situated ; for these
two reasons 1 declined to have anything to do with that association :
first, i did not like the title to the solid land, and I did not care to
have anj-thing to do with the tide land.
Q. — Were there an}' representations made to you by the Secretar}'' as
to what improvements thej^ intended to make upon the tide land?
A. — None whatever; the idea was that it was a good speculation to
get the tide lands; as much as they could obtain from the State, and
that, the natural growth of the city and otherwise, they could be put in
the market and bring a higher price than what they paid for them.
CROSS-EXAMINATION .
By Mr. Haymond — They had a regular oflSce open for the sale of shares,
didn't they ?
A. — Yes, sir; I think so.
Q. — And the}' wanted to procure 3'our assistance in selling shares?
A. — Yes, sir; I had organized several of these associations and sold
shares, but none in which any tide lands were implicated.
Q. — What they wanted you to do was to do what you had been doing
in other associations — to aid in getting the stock taken.
A. — Yes, sir.
By Mr. Dangerfield — What paper was you reporting for?
A. — I don't think at that time I was connected with any paper; but
for twelve years past, with the exception of six years of the time 1 was
in the County Clerk's oflSice, and two years connected with the real es-
tate business, 1 have been connected at different times with the Bulletin,
and on the Golden Era two years.
.52
TESTIMONY OF WM B. HUNT.
Wm. B. Hunt sworn.
Examined by Mr. Danyerjield :
Q. — Were you a member of the Legislature of California in eighteen
hundred and sixty-three and eighteen hundred and sixty-four?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — What committee did you belong to?
A — Commerce and Navigation, of the House.
Q. — Do you remember when this bill for the Golden City Homestead
Association was before your body?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you recollect anything about the history of that bill ?
A. — I think the committee reported in favor of it; 3'ou can see from
the Journal of the House.
Q. — What we wish to know is this: was there any personal represen-
tations made to you which influenced 3'ou; did you vote for that bill?
A. — Certainly, I did; I voted for all the good measures that the Re-
publicans brought up.
Q. — If there were any special representations made to you in regard
to the object and purposes of the bill, which influenced you in casting
your vote, we would like to know them.
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You say that no special representations were made to you.
A. — None at all.
Q. — Did they declare to you the object of the association ?
A. — Yes, sir; I think the}^ explained about that.
Q. — Do you recollect who made that explanation ?
A. — No, sir.
. Q- — Do 3-ou recollect what these representations were?
A. — It was to increase the taxable property in San Francisco; they
were to purchase some land from the State, to fix it up, and by cutting
it into lots, make taxable property of it; the thing has slipped my mind
now, but I think that was the object.
Q. — You voted, then, for that bill, with the understanding that it was
to improve the property and make it taxable.
A. — No; but I think that is the explanation made to me and to the
committee, that that was the purpose.
Q- — Was that the motive or moving cause which influenced you to
vote for the bill, that the property was going to be made more valuable
and become a source of revenue to the State?
A. — To increase the taxable property down there, I suppose, would, if
they had gone with the homestead association and bought land from
the State, and would erect wharves in the course of time.
Q- — With that view, you, as a member of the Legislature, voted for the
Act?
A. — I voted for it, but I do not know as it was with that view.
Hero the plaintiff closed.
TESTIMONY FOR THE DEFENCE.
TESTIMONY OF DR. NICHOLS.
Dr. Nichols sworn.
Examined hy Mr. Haymond :
Q. — You are the Secretary of State ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — You hold in your hand a certified copy of the certificate of incor-
poration of the Golden City Homestead and Railroad Association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — When was it filed in the office of the Clerk of the County Court
of San Francisco ?
A. — The thirteenth of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-two.
Q. — Look at tbe body of that certificate and see how long that cor-
poration was to exist?
A. — To continue in existence for the period of two j^ears and six
months from the date of filing in the oflSce of the Clerk.
Q. — Have you got the certificate of the incorporation of the South
San Francisco Dock Company ?
A. — Yes, sir; filed in the Secretary of State's oflSce August the ninth,
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.
Q. — When in the Clerk's office in the City and County of San
Francisco ?
A. — It does not seem to have the date of any filing there.
Q. — What is the dale of the certificate?
A. — The eighth day of August, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven.
J/r WiUiums (interrupting) — It was incorporated for two years, and
before the end ot the two years we extended it three years longer.
TESTIMONY OF L. L. BULLOCK.
L. L. Bullock sworn.
Examined by Mr. Haymond :
Q. — You are one of the Tide Land Commissioners, under what is
known as the Farrish Tide Land bill?
54
A. — Yes, flir.
Q. — You know the location of the homestead of the South Saii Fran-
cisco Homestead Association?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q — Do you know how the lines run of that association ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you know how many lots there are within those lines, and
outside and beyond those lines?
A. — Four hundred and fifty-seven lots inside of the line, jjatented to
them four hundred and filty-seven, and outside of that line two hundred
feet from low water mark.
Q. — What do you mean by a lot ?
A. — The size of these lots, I believe, was fifty by one hundred feet.
Q. — How many lots are there that are within the limits of the patent
and outside of the six feet water line ?
A. — Sixty-four; I will state here that the patent was issued to the
South San Francisco Association, and on a survey made by our Com-
mission we found that those lots lying between the j)atent line and the
line defined in the statute was four hundred and fifty-seven.
Q.--The survey which you made in strict conformity to the statute —
the survej- by the Tide Land Commissioners?
A. — Yes; the patent was issued a year or two 3'ears previous to that
time, and embraced lands that we supposed belonged to the State; we
have not sold them, because we did not want to get into any litigation ;
we sold lands that no one claimed; the area amounts to lour hundred
and fifty-seven lots; what the Commission will do or the State will do
regarding these lots, I cannot say; the lines that we ran were outside of
wliat the statute called for; the statute called for such a depth of water
at low tide; that is. the statute granting to the South San Francisco
Homestead Asaociation.
Q, — Then, according to the understanding of the Board of Tide Land
(Commissioners, they have included within their patent four hundred atid
fifty-seven lots that belong to the State?
A — Yes, sir; we have looked at it in that light; they came before
the Board and stated that they had a patent and claimed it as their
own property, having a patent from the State.
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Williams :
i} — Would not the strict letter of the statute allow them to take a
portion of land that was not taken, to get at two hundred feut from the
six feet of water; and wouldn't they then have a greater area than they
could take under the letter of the statute?
A. — I am strictly controlled by the survey and soundings.
(^. — And the depth of water in certain places, and the distance?
A. — YcH, sir.
Q. — Has your engineer ever reported to you what lands might have
been taken in a different wa}'?
A. — Never.
Q. — And was not the line laid out according to the instructions given
to the Surveyor-General; and didn't the Surveyor-General report to
your Commission that he followed straight lines in cei'tain directions,
and that the area embraced was not so much as might have been em-
braced by adopting a different line?
A. — I think Mr. Potter stated that by a strict construction of the let-
55
tcr of the statuto thc}- might possibly have taken in a small fraction; I
did not understand that he was to have taken thirty acres; he might
have taken a portion of it.
Q. — You can form the lines without being governed by the depth of
water?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Did they, let me ask you, as an engineer, vary farther from the
languai^e of the statute than engineers may with propriety do in survey-
ing such lines, considering the nature of the ground, the value of the
land?
A. — I could not answer that question, because every man who has any-
thing to do with a survey has his own views about this matter, and I
cannot say what other men might do; surveyors are more exact in sur-
veying where land is worth a hundred dollars a foot, than where it is only
worth three dollars an acre, and surveys that were made around San
Francisco; there has been some of them run just to suit the engineer, or
parties that control the engineer, and not in accordance with the statute,
that embraced large areas of tide lands, that they were not justified in
doing, and they were afterwards confirmed by the Supreme Court of the
United States.
Q. — But you are pretty well convinced, from investigating the matter
and from conversing with Mr. Potter and others, that the area embraced
within the patent was not greater than might have been embraced by a
different surve}- ?
A. — That's his testimuii}'.
By Mr. Haymond — Were you convinced of it?
A. — No, sir; because I could not be convinced; he probably thought
he was right in doing it.
By Mr. Willi'nns — I think I understood you to say that a different sur-
vey would have taken in different land from what was taken in ?
A. — A small portion might have been embraced in another survej' ; he
might have run the line different without embracing the lands; there is
a difference in that water front; some places the tide has had an effect
on the soil so as to make it so uneven that he could have embraced
probably a small portion of the lands that is not embraced in the patent,
and still follow the statute.
Q — Isn't there quite a distance, both on the north and south line,
where it strikes the upland, where it is narrower two hundred feet nor
six feet, the water as it leaves the shore line ?
A. — Yes, sir; there is
Q — That might have been embraced ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Do you think that what might have been embraced at these
points is about equal to what was embraced to about the depth of six
feet, elsewhere?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — You know what Potter has testified, that he thought it would ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — And that Mr. Bryan has testified to the same thing?
A. — Yes, sir.
By Mr Haymond — Who is tl;e Engineer of the tide land ?
A. — George F. Hillhard.
Q — What is his opinion about it ?
A. — I cannot say ; he followed the strict letter of the law, in following
the lines; he never expressed to me what his views were about it; his
56
return to me showed that they have within their patent four hundred
and fifty-Keven lots that they are not entitled to ; the average price of
these lots I cannot tell without going to the Controller's office; it
brought eleven hundred dollars per acre, average; I supjiose tliese lots
are w^orth as much as those that wore sold by the State ; we never have
offered to sell them ?
Bi/ Mr Ildijmond — How many of these lots makes an acre, with the
streets ?
A. — 1 think it is something like twelve; it is about two or two and
one-half acres to the block.
Q. — From the information you have, how much land was left out from
the patent what might have been included in it?
A. — It is impossible for me to Bay, without going to the soundings or
a map.
Q. — Can you approximate?
A. — It might have been ten or fifteen acres
Q. — Well, one hundred and twenty lots — would there be that many?
A. — Yes, sir; 1 think there would be as much as that; 1 would not
testify that that is the fact, without going and testing the matter.
Q. — According to your ideas of it, there are about three hundred lots
too many ?
A. — That was the opinion, that the patent embraced between two and
three hundred lots that ought not to have been conveyed to the asso-
ciation ; while there was no particular feeling about the matter, the
surveyor was instructed to run the lines in accordance with the statute,
and it showed that state of facts.
By Mr. Davyerjield — Did the surveyor interpret the statute for him-
self, or Wis it interpreted to him ?
A. — There was no interpretation about it; he took the statute and
followed it; it was tlie surveyor's own interpretation.
By Mr. Williams — Did Potter ever tell vou how he interpreted the
Act ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q.-Why? ,
A. — He said that he didn't consider the iands very valuable, and he
stated that at that time no one in San Francisco believed it verj-
valuable.
Q. — Didn't he tell you that the Swamp Land Commissioners instructed
him to run straight lines, conforming as near as possible, so that the
boundaries of the property might be distinctly' fixed hereatler — not to
undertake to follow meanderings ?
A. — Yes, sir; he was very particular in stating that.
Q — That was under the instructions of the Tide Land Commissioners,
who ordei-ed him to take the survey ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Did the association receive more land than thc\- paid for to the
State ?
A. — 1 do not think that question arose ; 1 think Potter stated that the
State received money for the wiiole of it; he brought with him a copy
of the appraisement of the lands and some other papers connected with
it; he left this impression that his surve3- was made under the instruc-
tions of the iMarsh Land Commissioners, and was not very particular in
running it, for it was not considered valuable, and he made the survey
as they requc^tetl him to do it ; and the Tide Land Commissioners, when
they made their sale, thought they sold poitions that might have l)ecn
57
embraced in the patent under other circumstances ; I think so ; as to the
area I cannot say; the}' did sell some that might, under a difference of
construction, be embraced within the patent.
By Mr ITai/mond — Is it the intention of the Board of Tide Land Com-
missioners to sell these four liundrcd and fifty-seven lots ?
A. — I cannot say ; we laid the matter over, and it is under considera-
tion now; we came to the conclusion to sell lots where there was no
question — no other claimants.
By Mr. Williams — Has there been any evidence broui^ht before the
Board to induce you to believe that an^'thing but good faith was prac-
ticed in reference to that grant? was there any effort at fraud ; was
there anything to make you believe that?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Was there anything to make you suspect there was?
A. — Not that I know of; the only thing was developed in following
the survey; it developed itself in making this survey, that showed an
area there that was not in conformity with strict lines of the statute.
By Mr. Haymond — You made no investigation on the question of fraud ?
A. — No, sir.
TESTIMONY OP DK. NICHOLS.
Dr. Nichols recalled.
Examined by Mr. Dangerfield :
Witness — I find this paper which I hold in my hand, relative to the
South San Francisco Homestead Association, in the office of the Secre-
tary of State; it is the certificate of the continuance of the period of
existence of the South San Francisco Homestead Association, filed in
the office of the Secretary of State, July fourteenth, eighteen hundred
and sixty-five :
State of California, )
City and County of San Francisco. |
We, the undersigned, H. F. Williams, President, I). G. Gould, Secre-
tary, of the South San Francisco Homestead and Railroad Association,
do hereby certify as follows :
The said association was duly incorporated under and in pursuance of
an Act of the Legislature of the Slate of California, entitled an Act to
authorize the formation of corporations to provide homesteads for the
members thereof approved May twentieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
one; that the certificate of incorporation of the said association was filed
in the office of the Count}^ Clerk of the City and County of San Kran
Cisco, on the thirteenth of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-two,
and also duly filed on the same day in the office of Secretary of State, at
Sacramento; that the period of existence of said corporation was thirty
months from the date thereof — November thirteenth, eighteen hundred
and sixty-two; and we, the undersigned, do further certify, that a meet-
ing of tlie members of the South San Francisco Homestead and Rail-
road Association was held on the evening of the twenty-fifth of Feb-
8
m
ruary, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, in tho Twelfth District Court-
room, in tho City Hall, in the said city and county. Three hundred and
fifty-eight shares out of tho whole five hundred shares of the capital
Btocif being represented and present, tho following resolution was unan-
imously adopted :
Reaolved, That article seven of tho indenture be and the same is
herob}' so amended so as to read as follows: This association shall
continue in existence for the period of five years from and after the date
of filing certificate of incoi-poration.
That the vote of three hundred and fifty-eight shares was cast in favor
of tho adoption of said resolution, and was more than two-thirds of all
the stock of said association, as required by the indenture of formation
thereof
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hand and seal, the sev-
enteenth of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-five.
HENRY F. WILLIAMS, President, [seal!
H. C. GOULD, Secretary. [seal]
Certificate of Notary attached; also, certificate of County Clerk in-
dorsed thereon and duly stamped.
Defendant here offers in evidence, Eecord Book, containing the sub-
scription, from page one to twenty one, inclusive, and also pages ninety-
four, ninety-five and ninety-six, of said book, and also all of book marked
Exhibit Seven; also, certified copy of the certificate of incorporation,
letters patent, agreement between Bensly and others in the Golden
City Homestead Association, and the deed to the Golden City Homestead
Association.
TESTIMONY OF JAMES A. DUFFY.
James A. Duffy sworn.
Exammed hy Mr. IJnymoml :
Q- — You reside in Sacramento?
A. — Yes, sir; I have resided here for eighteen years.
Q- — You have some shares in the Golden City Homestead Associalion ?
A. — Yes, sir; I had, and have a few.
Q. — State when you got that stock, and hosv you got it.
^ A. — I believe the homestead was formed in eighteen hundred atid
sixty-four; shares were then worth two hundred dollars a share. payabK'
in ten dollars a month ; I took five shares, and paid for them.
Q. — Were you at the distribution of the lots ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q- — How many persons were there present at the distribution ?
A. — The Fourth District Court-room, in San Francisco, was nearly
filled.
Q. — You say you own these lots now ?
A. — Yes, sir ; I own them now.
59
CROSS-EXAMINATION.
By Mr. Danjerfield — Do you remember what premium you paid, or did
you get choice lots?
A. — The premiums were not very high; I know that I got back, I
tliink it was the share of the premiums, from Mr. Swazey ; it was fifty-
six dollars — 8ome small amount; the premiums on the lots were very
low ; I think it was as low as two bits on lots there; I think I paid five
or six dollars a lot on mine.
Q. — Wasn't there some difference in the value between the water lots
and the upland ?
A. — There was no value upon the water lots; the idea was that we
were to have the tide land also.
Q. — Didn't you realize that there was a considerable difference in the
value of lots, between the lots that were being divided, that some of
them were worth ten, fifteen or twenty dollars more than the others?
A. — The only lots looked upon then as being valuable was where the
milk ranch was.
Q. — What did you think of the water property ?
A.— If you ask me what I thought of it then, I do not know ; if you
ask me what I think of it now, I can tell you.
Q — Do you know whether the property along the bridge brought any
more premium than the rest of it?
A. — I do not know; there was no bridge there then; the partition
was long before the building of the bridge; the bridge ruined that prop-
erty, in my estimation.
Q. — And still you have the right to select between the water lots and
the upland, and there was only a few dollars difference between them ?
Mr. Haymond — They were not put up against each other.
Witne&a — 1 did not bid on the water lots at all; I had five shares of
the upland; I paid upon five shares; I have ten lots now; and for every
share I held of the upland, I got a water lot; that is what gave me the
ten lots.
Q. — Were you here at the time this Golden City Homestead Associa-
tion bill passed ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — The bill granting these tide lands to this company?
A — Yes, sir.
Q, — Do you know, from conversation with any members of that asso-
ciation, what representations were made in regard to the object and pur-
pose of the association ?
A. — I cannot remember now; I suppose the main object was, as I
understood it, that if we could get the swamp land in front of our prop-
erty, and could get a deed of it, that it would increase the value of our
property ; that was the idea ; the conversation I could not remember.
Q. — Was the object to improve the property?
A. — I suppose that was the object; I do not really know what the
object was; as far as the improvement was concerned, it was to make
homesteads out of it.
Q. — Did you assist in the passage of that bill ?
A — As far as I could.
Q. — Were you employed by any member of this association to recom-
mend its passage, or urge reasons for its passage?
A. — No, sir.
Q — You were not a member of that association at the time?
60
A. — Yes, sir.
Q. — Kow did yon assist in its passage? What reasons did \-ou assign
in favor of its passage? What representations did you make to mem-
bers of the Jjcgislature ?
A. — Yes, sir; I spoke to them ; I said, here was a homestead that a lot
of poor men went in and invested their money in it ; for the purpose of
making it valuable, that wc were anxious to have the swamp land that
fronted upon that property, and we were willing to pay the amount that
the Board of Tide Land Commissioners would appraise it at.
Q. — What do 3'ou mean by improvement ? Simply owning property
doesn't improve it.
A. — I think it does; I think our owning that water lot property,
would improve the upland.
Q. — But would it with the tide land ?
A. — Of course; it made the upland more valuable, and that affected
the tide land property.
Q. — What was you going to do with the water property ?
A. — We couldn't do much with the water, except shut it out.
Q. — How are you going to shut it out, except by grading and filling in ?
A. — I am no engineer, and cannot tell.
Q. — What reasons did j'ou assign for the passage of the bill, with the
Legislature ?
A. — That is the State's business, not mine; I was not a member of the
Legislature at the time.
Q. — What we are trying to get at is, what reasons were assigned to
induce the members of the Legislature to make this grant; it certainly
was not that the State was anxious to get rid of the land?
A. — Ask me what reasons I assign, and I will tell you.
Q. — Well, that you assigned ?
A. — I have stated here the reasons I assigned; that poor men had a
homestead there and wished to get this swamp land in front of their
homesteads; these were the reasons I assigned ; I did not know any
other reasons to assign.
Q. — That a number of poor men had purchased this property, and they
wanted to get this tide land in front of their property.
A. — No, sir; I didn't say they purchased this property; I say that a
number of poor men purchased shares in this homestead property.
Q- — Then j^ou think it was that sort of reasoning that prompted the
Legislature to make the grant?
A. — I do not know what influenced the Legislature; that's the reason
I urged; I do not know what the Legislature thought; I suppose ihey
thought it was right to give it under the law.
Q- — Do 3'ou know whether that association has done anything to im-
prove this water property?
A. — I understood the time that bridge was built, from Bensly and
Mason, the two men here now, that they were building a bridge across,
which was going to enhance our property very much, and when 1 went
down again to sell the property, I could not get near as much as 1 could
before it went there; and I thought their mode of improving property
was not in good style.
Q. — Do you remember what you could get before the bridge was
built ?
A. — Yes, sir.
Q.— What is it ?
A. — I will not state.
61
Q — What can you get for it now, as compared with then ?
A. — I do not know; I have not oflPered it for sale lately; but 1 could
not get as mucli within a good many dollars, after the bridge was built,
:is before; I was going to Europe and wanted money; a man met me
and offered to pay me so much for it; I was gone two or three years,
and when I came back I met the same man ; I wanted money- and
offered to sell to hitn; he said that propert}' is not worth near as much
as it was when you went away, because of the building of the bridge;
there was to be ways there for building schooners, which would bring a
population there and eniiance the value of the property, and the build-
ing of that bridge there without the draw has prevented it.
Q. — Who is that party ?
A. — 1 do not think that is necessarj'.
Q — I want to know if it is this grocery man who expected to get
patronage from these men ?
A. — 1 want to state this : that the price I was offered was a big differ-
ence from what I paid for the property, but after I returned I could not
get that sum offered, and 1 have not got it since; I have not offered it
for sale for two years or eighteen months.
Q, — But you substantially testified that the building of that bridge
has damaged the price of the property, and it is not worth as much
since as it was before?
A. — That is what I have testified — that is what I find.
Q. — I would like the witness to slate what he could get before the
bridge was built and what he could get after?
A. — I refuse to answer; I could not get as much after as before; I
could not distinctly say as to the amount of the difference, but I know
positively that it was a good many hundred dollars less.
Q. — And 1 understood you to say that you had paid up within a hun-
dred and fifty dollars?
A. — You are again wrong ; I said when I left for Europe I had a little
to pay of my monthly instalments, and wanted to sell it; but that was
a matter between Mr. Swazev, the Secretary of the company, and
myself, as to what I owed ; the man who offered to buy made me an
offer which was a big advance from wliat the shares originally cost me;
1 went off and came back, and went to the same party, and he offei-ed
me three or four hundred dollars less for the property than when I went
away, and his excuse was the bridge damaged it that amount; I owed
a hundred and fift}' dollars on the five sliares when I went away.
Q. — These five shares cost you two hundred dollars a share?
A. — Yes, sir; that is what they cost; they cost me a little more, I
think — ten dollars assessments that I had to pay.
Q. — Before the bridge was built what did you consider these five
shares worth ?
A. — I might consider them worth twenty thousand dollars, but that
would not make them so; I didn't consider them worth anything.
Q. — What do you consider them worth now ?
A. — I will sell them very cheap to-day, according to your estimate; 1
will sell you my property down there for five thousand dollars.
Q. — That cost you one thousand dollars; did 1 understand you to say
you could have got more than that before the bridge was built?
A. — No, sir.
Q. — Then you don't consider that the bridge has been a permanent
damage to the property ?
A. — I do consider so, because it shut up Islais Creek; it was a navi-
62
f^ablo Rtrcam before that, and I think was declared navigable before the
building of the bridge; I have seen schooners up there taking in hay
frequently.
. Mr. Mason — Tt was declared navigable, after the bridge was built, by
statute.
By Mr. Williams — Do you know of any improvement on this tide land
of the Golden City Homestead Association, other than the bridge?
A. — I have not been there for two years; when I was there, there was
no other.
Testimony closed.
MINOR FIT REPORT
^ommittc^ 011 (J^d^ral 3lelati0ns
RELATIVE TO
ASSEMBLY CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 20.
D. W. GBLWICKS STATE PRINTER.
R E F O HT .
Mr. Speaker: The undersigned, a member of the Committee on Fed-
eral JRelations, to which was referred Assembly Concurrent fiesolution
No. 20, respectfully presents the following minority report :
The undersigned respectfull}' dissents from the recommendations con--
tained in the report of the majority of your committee, and protests
against the passage, by tie Legislature of the State of California, of
said concurrent resoTutions, for the following reasons, to wit :
First — Because, in the deliberate judgment of the undersigned, the
passage of said resolutions would rightly be deemed an unwarrantable
interference on the part of the Legislature of this State witb the exer-
cise by the Legislature of the State of Tennessee of the high prerog*-
tive of determining for itself, solel}', and without the interposition of
external influences, whether the proposed fifteenth amendment to the
Constitution of the United States should be ratified by the State of
Tennessee or not.
The undersigned is not able to perceive why, if it be appropriate for
the Legislature of this State to take the action proposed by the adop-
tion of said resolutions, that the Legislatures of the other numerous
States which already, by their own appropriate action, have ratified said
amendment, to express in like manner to the Legislature and constituted
authorities of the State of Tennessee, their displeasure and reproval of
the action of said legislative body, respecting said amendment. The un-
dersigned is of the opinion that all such action by the Legislatures of
sister States, whether of approval, as proposed by said resolutions, or of
displeasure and reproof, as suggested, would justly be deemed by the
Legislature and people of the State of Tennessee as an unwarrantable
and pernicious intermeddling in the affairs of that State, which, from
their nature, are, and must be, exclusively their own, and that such inter-
ference tends directly to a subversion of that salutary comity heretofore
existing between the several States, which is so essential to the dignity
and independence of each State composing the Union.
The undersigned, therefore, dissents from said resolutions, and pro-
tests against their jiassage by this honorable body, and this without
regard to the (as he claims) highly pernicious doctrines and manifest
falsifications of the recent history of the Government and people of the
United States which they contain.
Second — While the undersigned, member of your committee, deems
this not the most fittin;^ occasion to present his views at large upon the
merits or demerits of the proposed filteenth amendment to the Consti-
tution of tlie United States, j-et he feels it incumbent on iiim to express
it as his deliberate judgment, that the principle asserted in said resolu-
tions, and therein ur^ed. as the grounds in part for their adoption, are
unsound and falise in theory, and that they betray a lamental»le want of
api)reciatioii of those high and gi'ai der principles of human libert} and
national unity wiiich have already been ratified by the American people,
and bv the adoption of the thirleentli and fourteenth amendments, have
been embodied into the Constitution of the United States as a pai-t of
the common frame work of the National Government. By the tirsi,
slavery or involuntary servitude, except for the punishment for crime,
has been abolished, and its future existence anywhere upon the soil of the
republic has been prohibited forever. While, by the second, a just and sal-
utary definition of American citizenship has been aulhoritatively pro-
claimed and a solemn guaranty given to all citizens throughout the repub-
lic for the enjoyment of the inalienable right to liberty and an equal voice
in the Government, both State and I^ational, and have thus wisely
effectuated the purpose of the fathers who framed the Federal Consti-
tution and Government "in order (as they proclaimed) to form a more
perfect Union ; establish justice, insure domestic tranquilit}', ])rovide for
the common defence, promote the general welfare and secure the bless-
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity;" and, in the judgment of
the undersigned, the proposed fifteenth amendment, under consideration,
is in complete harmony with the genei-al purposes and spirit of the Con-
stitution as it now is. He is of the o])inion that the'one main provision
of the proposed amendment has been wisely designed and a})tly franied,
and, if adopted, will effectuallj' give a solemn and perpetual guaranty to
all citizens of the republic wheresoever within its vast bounds they may
reside, against any open or covert assaults, either by the F'ederal oi- any
State Governments, upon their inalienable right to liberty and civil
equality before the law, by prohibiting, on the part of either Govern-
ment, or any Legislature, to abridge their common right of suffrage on
account of race, color, or any ])revious condition of ^rvitude of such
citizens. In the judgment of the undersigned, such a provision is not
antagonistic to the principles on which the Government has been estab-
lished ; nor is it in any sense subversive of the just rights of the several
States of the Union, but that it will, in the highest sense tend, in both
State and National Governments, to the perfection of republican gov-
ernment, for the common benefit of the people, by whose wisdom they
have been established, and in accoi-danee with wliose wishes, as pro-
claimed at the ballot box, they shall be administered.
Third, and finally, because, in the deliberate judgment of the uiidtr-
signed, the recitals contained in said resolutions of alleged grievances
suffered by the State of Tennessee and other States, in connection with
the submission of the said amendments to them for their ratification ov
rejection, are simply absurd falsifications of the current history of the
republic, and, as such, are libellous of the present wise administration
of the Federal Government.
For the correctness of this opinion, the undersigtied is content to
await the calm and impartial verdict of the people of the United States,
and the disinteresteu judgment of the lovers of just and iree govern-
ment throughout the civilized world.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
M. WALDKON.
M E S S A a E
GOVERNOR H. H. HAIGHT,
RETURNING WITHOUT HIS APPROVAL
ASSEMBLY BILL NO. 152.
r>. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
]S£E S S A. a E
State of California, Executive Department, ]
Saci'araento, March 8th, 1870. j
To the Assembly/ of (he State of California :
I herewith return to your honorable body, without my approval.
Assembly Bill No. 152 — An Act for the relief of Patrick Creighton.
James Brennan and Patrick Donohue.
This bill appropriates "a sum which, with the interest allowed, is equiv-
alent to about thirty thousand dollars, out of the treasury of the City
of San Francisco, for the benefit of the three persons named in the bill.
Upon a brief review of the facts of the case, I think your honorable
body will concur in the statement that there is, on the part of these
persons, no claim in law or equity, to the amount which would be taken
from the city treasury and donated to them, if the bill became a law.
The facts are briefly these : Contracts for grading certain streets were
entered into b}" these claimants, under a law which charged the expense
upon the lots fronting on the street graded. The improvements being
local in their character, were made a charge upon the locality affected
b}' them. Formerly, work of the same kind had been done under a
system which apportioned the expense partly upon the lots benefited ;
but by reason of defects in the framework of the law, as well as in its
execution, the entire expense fell upon the city at large. As the benefit
was mainly a local one. this was felt to be unjust to the taxpayers, and
for tlieir securit}', the city charter provided that, under no circumstances,
should the cost of such work be paid by the city, and that all contracts
should contain a provision expressly exempting tho city from any lia-
bility. Section forty-four of the charter of eighteen hundred and fifty-
six (statutes of 1856, page 157) provided that all contracts for grading,
etc., must contain " express notice that in no cose (except where it is other-
wise provided in this Act), will the said city and county be liable /'or a??^
oortion of the expense nor for ani/ delinquency of persons, or property assessed."
The word " otherwise " refers to costs of grading, etc., in front of squares
and city property, and there is no pretence that any of the work for
which compensation is sought in this bill, was done in front of any city
or public property. It would not be possible for a law to be framed,
guurding more carefully against any claim lor payment out of the city
treasury, than was done in the law in force when the work waa per-
formed for which this claim is made. 'The contracts in question were
thus entered into, the contractors looking only to the projx'rty fronting
on the streets graded, and with this express notice, that they were not
to look to the cit3'. They did the work under the contracts, and col-
lected part of the assessments. Had the validity of the proceedings
been estahlished in ^he litigation which followed, the expense would
have been a very onerous one to the owners of the lots, because a por-
tion of the property was rendered almost worthless by the work done.
The litigation, however, was decided in favor of the property c)wners,
and these claimants now seek to coerce the taxpayers at large into pay-
ing them foi" losses which resulted from their failure to hold the lot
owners responsible. In other words, the contractors embarked in a
business enterprise which turned out unfortunate!}^ for them, and now
seek for some one to make good their losses. They seek to take the
money of those who have improved their own streets and paid their own
assessments and make use of it to indomnifj- themselves i'or their mis-
take as to their legal rights. It certainly would not be easy to conceive
of a claim more devoid of any legal or equitable basis.
If the provisions of law which sought with such extraordinary' care
to shield the taxpayers from liability, are to be set aside, it would be
useless to make any provision for the security of the latter. Of what
avail is it to provide that a municipal corporation shall not be liable, if
after all it is to be so held? Under similar circumstance.^, if this prece-
dent is established, other contractors will besiege the Legislature for
compensation for their losses, at the expense of those to whose money
they have no mn)-e just claim than they havej^o the money of citizens
of any other cit}' or count}- in the State. The case is the same as if a
law were enacted for the construction of a drainage canal in some local-
ity of the Sacramento Valley, and the statute were to declare in express
tei-ms that the expense should be solely chargeable on the property
l)enefited, and should, under no circumstances, create a claim against
the State, and contractors, in the face of these provi^ons, should la}'
siege to the Legislature for payment, because they failed to collect it
out of the property which the law delared to be alone liable.
There is another ohjection to this a])propriation. The Legislature has
no power, under our form of government, to take the money of one man
and give it to another, and it has been expressly held, in one of the
Eastern States, that the Legislature cannot create a debt from one county
to another. It would seem to he equally clear that it is not within
the constitutional power of the Legislature to donate the funds ot a
municipal corporation to a private individual. If such an exercise of
power is Cf)nstitutional, the guards which are thrown around the rights
of property, in the organic law, are an empty formula, and resolve
themselves at last into the exercise of legislative discretion.
1 (loui)t not that upon reconsideration, your honorable body will concur
in the injustice and impolicy of this measure.
fl. H HAIGHT,
Governor.
PETIT loisr
CITIZENS OF SAN FRANCISCO
FOR THE REPEAL OF THE
IMORTG^OE T^^X luAJ^.
D. W. QELWICKS STATE PRIf
NTER.
PETITION TO THE LEOISLATURE
FOR THE
REPEAL OF THE MORTGAGE TAX LAW
Whereas, By the laws of this State, money loaned on real estate has
always been taxed as specie in che hands of the borrower, or wherever
it may be found ; and the land and improvements thereon, or other
property produced by the same monej^, has also been taxed, and with-
out abatement on account of such loan ; and a tax has also been
imposed upon the promises (mortgages) given for the repayment of
such loans, though the mone}' loaned and the land upon which it was
loaned had already been fully taxed, thus virtually taxing not only
what is real and substantial — namely, land and money — but also tax-
ing mere promises and agreements, which are intangible and capable
of indefinite multiplication and expansion upon one piece of land and
one sum of money — one promise or mortgage being made the basis of
many successive loans; and whereas, such taxation is excessive, une-
qual, unjust and impolitic, ignores the fundamental principles of
enlightened statesmanship, represses industry, trammels and embar-
rasses business operations, repels capital, increases the rate of interest
on money and is a grievance pressing with peculiar and aggravated
force upon the working people ; and whereas, Senate Bill No. 597,
introduced by Mr. Kincaid, on March fifteenth, to abolish this tax, is
a just and equitable measure, and should be passed, and we call on
our representatives to support it by all means in their power ; therefore,
Resolved, That we, working men of the City and County of San Fran-
cisco, in mass meeting assembled, do most respectfully petition your
honorable body to repeal the law taxing debts secured by mortgage, as
it works oppressively upon the poor, and we feel that the action of the
Assembly was unjust, undemocratic and unfriendly to the people of this
city and county, whose votes secured the triumph of the party which
has thus shown its disregard for them, their interests and their opinions.
Resolved, That we pledge ourselves to take such action at the next
election as will convince politicians that we can judge of parties and
individuals by tiieir acts, and that noisy and insincere professions of
devotion lo the interests of the working; chisses will not deceive tliem
again.
Resolved further, Th;it the thanks of this meeting are herehy tendered
to those members of the Assenihly wiio endeavored to have justice done
on the occasion rcferi-ed to.
Names.
Residences.
M. C. Smith
John J. Conlin
Timothy Driseoll
G. W. Coffer
D. Fohiv
Patt Chaffy
Jas. Garthvnd
Martial Ilainque
W. Kincaid
Michael Curry
Wm. Bedell
Philip McGuire
James Hamilton
John A. McKenzie...
Nicholas Smith
Elijah Presby
Neil Barr
Michael McLaughlin
John Cederbloom
John Murray
S. Spearman
Denis Sweeney
David Grant
E. A. Fulhim
Thos. G. Roebuck....
James McAndrevv's...
Charles Brad}'
Robert Henderson...
Michael Murphy
Patrick Kelly
P. Blick
John McGreevy
P. McMahon
Patrick (xwidcr
William Dougherty..
Samuel Wheeland ....
William H. Brit^ixs....
Matthew Darcy
Johan Jlapp
Daniel McLaughlin...
John West
James Daly
l/lementina street.
130 Clara street.
Columbia street, between Twenty-
fourth and Twenty-fifth.
1815 Powell street.
Taylor street.
Corner Second and Jessie.
135 Minna.
82 Natoma.
122 Clinton street.
278 Minna street.
San Francisco.
Corner of Lombard.
263 Clara and Montgomery streets.
38 i Langton street.
O'Farrell street.
Bartlett street.
Southeast corner Twenty-thii-d and
Harrison.
24 Hitter street.
1519 Hj'de street.
25 Kich street.
64 First street.
213 Clementina strict.
50 Natoma street.
595 Howard street.
152 Tehama street.
152 Tehama street.
545 Howard street.
653 Howard street.
San Francisco.
First and Natoma.
Horner, bet. Harrison and Alabama.
Bartlett street, bet. Twenty-second
and Twenty third.
14 Natoma street.
Sansom street.
628 Natoma ssreet.
53 Natoma street.
402 Montgomery street,
445 First street.
Mason street.
234 Fremont street.
Baldwin Court.
52 Shipley street.
Names.
ResideDoes.
M A. Leoiiartl
llenr}' Lockyer
John V. McEiitoe
Patiick Norton
William Harvey
J. Allan
Alexander J>attra\....
Mike Kcelen
L. G. Sylvester
John McKiney
William Shackletoii ..
Mark W Dui^^an
W W. Call..;
John Sulivan
Jlenr}' J. IliUtiier
John MeBride
William L. Hii>jgins...
William L. ilylanel...
Jo Clement
E A. Wilson
Thomas M. O'Connor,
CreorjL^e A. Thornton..
M. McNallv
Williiim 1). Bowie....
W. S. Bromley
P. O. Harry
George W. Green. Jr
William L3'ons
James II. Jenkins....
W. L. ("azneaii
William P Merriani .
Thomas Mitehell
lliidolph B. Horn
J. F. Brokhaije
-D. H. Regenstjurij
John J. Nolan
John E. Millar
John F. MeNamara
William Feri'ie
W. Marsh
B Olivvieh
W. M. Evans
Frank L. linger
William P. Heuder.son, Esq.
Heni'v Green.
J. P. Gail lard
William Kinkland,
San Francisco.
Essex street.
767 Folsom street.
17 Hunt street.
29 Minna street.
Minna street.
317 Rich street.
515 Taylor street.
G3U Mission street
Twenty-second street.
Twenty-third and Harrison
61 Clementina.
San Bruno road, near Twentj'-sev'th
77 Stevenson street.
817 Sutter street.
Twenty-tilth street.
1520 Mission street.
San Francisco,
do
I Duncan street.
8 Hardie Place.
Eussian Am.eriean Com'l Co. 's office
Sixteenth, between Valencia and
Guerrero-.
1520 Mission street.
1106 Mason street.
923 Pacific street.
719 Bush street.
1900 Powell street.
Bush, between Dupontand Stockton
Northwest cor. Filbert and Dupont.
2-14 Taylor street.
835 Mission street.
II Oak street.
Oakland.
523 Stockton.
Southeast corner Washington and
Kearny.
904 Kearny street.
1022 Montgomery street.
Fresno ('ouiity.
21 Union sti'eet.
Corner Taj'lorand O'Farrell streets.
Stockton street.
723 Harrison street.
Northwest corner Sacramento and
Ijeaven worth.
Northwest corner Sacramento and
Leavenworth..
San Francisco. >
do
Names.
Residences.
C. C. Webb
Philo David
N. Landry
John L. Love
Joseph K. Hooper
Kalph C. Harrison
J. B. Painter
William CA'ine
Kichard Dillon
J. Buckley
J. W. Golden
A. P. Greene
Manuel Castro
Henry B. Janes
S. E. Gerry, M. D
F. A. Fabens
G. G. Hayden
Williann Craig
P. H. McGann
J. H. Brumagim
A Gros
Kobert Pace Hamilton
James Cooke
Arthur Leman
Daniel Leon
W. G. Griffith
W. Painter
A. P. Durand
Daniel Daly
A. Astredo
O. Hixon
John B. Bauns
Kdward C. Lovell
Peter Short
George W. Orrin
Edward W. Orrin
W. H. Woodward
F. Pt. Fowler
M. S. Bates
Julius Papp
James liyan
Thomas McCarty
Peter Sand ors
J. W. Kenney
Edward B. Montague..
Joseph V. Ba3-ers
F. P.app
Alexander G. Abell
Thomas C. Anderson ..
San Francisco.
2s^orthwest corner Clay and Polk.
611 Commercial.
Exchange Buildings.
385 Pine street.
9iy Pine street.
Southeast corner Jackson and
Powell
San Francisco.
do
Twenty-seventh avenue and Califor-
nia street.
709 Market street
720 Lombard.
West End Hotel.
622 Cla}- street.
810 Washington street.
718 Broadway street.
653 Clay street.
1021 Powell street.
727 Washington street.
Bear Valley. Maripo.-a County.
818 Broadway street.
554 California street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Names.
Residences.
John R. Entrel
John W. Adams
Walter O. T. Smith.
J. S. Kerne
A. T. Delano
D. Armstrong
C Diez
John Brady
C. S. Flanders
George B. Green
R. McHenry
James P. Kelley . ...
Harry Brown
Briget Kennel}'
Thomas Wall
Philip Casev
A. H. Todd".
James H. Gagcr
Thomas W. McCarthy
C. Turner
William GilliUvnd
E. J. .White
W. J. Crozier
P. H. Blake
,T. Bryan
Epes Ellevy
W. Palen
J. L. Hicks
Tim McCarthy
Michael Kennedy
John Sullivan
J. D. Lynch
James H. Lynch
Richard Brown
Michael Bra}'
Peter Hopkins
T. F. Brady
Frank Moran
J. H. Cunke
Richard Curtis
Matthew (/onlow
William J. Byrne
James Flynn
J. M. Ahen
Patrick Lawrenson
John Drohan
Jacob Herkimer
David O'Brien
Eugene Joseph Baker.
Richard Raymond
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
!Corner Fourth and Kentucky.
San Francisco.
I do
] North Beach.
jMinna street, between Fourth and
I Fifth.
[San Francisco.
I do
1905 Market street.
625 Montgomery street.
2b Silver street.
|832 California street.
!35 Erie street.
'dl Verona street.
11418 Pacific street.
[Point Lobos road.
,'728 Filbert street.
San Francisco.
11 First street.
J47 Second street.
Twenty-first and Mission streets.
44 Tehama street.
20 Russ street.
|185 Second street.
'219 Sixth street.
Fifth and Shipley streets.
212 Fourth street.
506 Bran nan street.
Howard and .Sixteenth streets.
164 Jessie street.
San Francisco.
Folsom street, near Nineteenth.
849 Tehama street.
1252 Minna street.
ISan Francisco
Larkin and Ash streets.
1 62 1 Minna street.
53 Natoma street.
858 Howard street.
21 Sumner street.
764 Harrison street.
San Francisco.
Names.
Residences.
Eugene McCarlliy
W. G. Reynolds
ilobei-t .MeMillaii Reynolds.
Eugene Gijnnun
Juines Ward
Cornelius Lucey
Michael Wall
Daniel Caslinuui
John Ileany
P. Casseriy
C. Roui-ke
P. F. Brady
Edward Canmierlord
Peter Kehoe
Daniel Sullivan
J. W. Round
John MeGuire
John P. Fitz))atrick
Joiin Sheridan
Patrick Cornery
Dick J\l u r 1 > h y
Thomas OLsorniaii
Nicholas T. Breniiati
Thomas Byrne
Daniel Harnev
L. II. Hoffman
L. F. Baker
Thomas Jones
William Tracy
James dentin
W. D. Ilenslcy
Michael Lynch
James Den man ,
J. C. Diggins
Bvron Diggiris
VVilllam McGlcnc,)
G W. McCullum.."
Peter Woods
J. C. Selleck
V. (iilbcTt
Charles Wildes
Thomas P. JI. Whitehiw
H. A Sianiels
J. E. Brown
Lewis Olson
Thaddeiis P. Goodwin
George S. Johnston
II. Laird
Curio Schlattci"
George C. Castell
George Faron
53 Shipley street.
l39 Fourth street.
139 Fourth street.
Occidental Hotel.
Corner Seventh arid Howard.
411 Pacific street.
736 Howard street.
73 I Howard street,
no Vallejo street.
Tremont House.
San Francisco.
G2.0 Bush street.
20 Ilai-rison aveniie.
238 Third sireot.
San Francisco.
121 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
40 Tehama street.
58 Minna ijtreet.
Drumm street.
503 Pine street.
701 Clemeniina street.
415 Powell street.
619 Turk street.
1010 Larkin street.
423 Natoma.
1014 Leavenworth street.
California street.
1189 Harrison street.
San Francisco.
220 Lombard streA,
120 Shipley street.
San Francisco.
Sutter and Broderick.
Sutter and Broderick.
.San Francisco.
426 Clementina street.
Leavenworth street.
Bran nan street.
Seventh street.
Fourth street.
IBrannan street.
Rich street.
Rich street.
San Francisco.
Tliird street.
Minna street.
Third street.
Sixteenth street.
Silver street.
do
Names.
Residences.
John Slocum
Jolui Gotten
John Vaughan
A. Ilager
E. S. Hermann
J. T.Schuster
J. Davis
Gustav Plarschall
William C'nlligan
F.^y. Eourk...
Eduard Eoethel
Ijonis CTeyguH
William H. Collis
John N. Gerder
Ch. Schumacher
E. H. Pahls
G. T. Venker
Jasper P. Hawkins...
George Watzerger ...
James McCarthy
James McGuire
Thomas Jones
E. Eoldemann
Anton Reiner
James Dooley
P. C. Sweeney
Anthony Smith
Jerry Cronan
Jacob A. Bell
M. Boyle
Edward Shurtz
Reinhold Breither....
John P. Glynn
John L. Haman
George W. Lenk
P. Donahue
Michael Hennessy....
John Martinn
Samuel Daniels
Michael Brown
John L. Williams.-..
Henry L. Williams..
Benjamin B. Laithe.
N. Simonds
A. O. Davis
Michel Smith
Daniel O'Driscoll
Charles J. Ptiffe
William Barber
First street.
San Francisco.
do
do
422 Third street.
102 Kearny street.
404 Third street.
144 Third street.
606 Third street.
San Francisco,
323 Busli street.
140 Third street.
27 Geary street.
Geary street.
■' do
do
128 Dora street.
33 Geary street.
25 Morton street.
Mission street.
Geary street.
Fifteenth st^^eet.
Bush street.
Pacific street.
South Park.
19 Gear}' street.
Powell street.
xMarket street.
do
do
do
do
do
do
Bush street.
Market street.
Minna street.
Pine street.
Ellen street.
811 Mason street.
San Francisco.
do
Ellis street.
Corner Twenty-fourth and Vermont.
San Francisco.
Natoma street.
333 Bryant street.
606 Third street.
do
10
Names.
Residences.
J. Ct. Haic«ti^iiuze
Cliarlcs MciMicrsoii....
John llaiitivcn
Cluirles P. Howard....
Jaines Peter Moi-gan.
Bciijaniin Ileisler....
Henry A. Osborn
James Miinroe
Michael Hartigen. . ..
G. vS. Pracy
T. H. Brooks
(i W. Ciiddebock
T. V. Palmer
Pjdgar Bishop
VV.'K. Moses
L. W. Palmer
William Taylor
A. Assman .
A. P Jiayc
M. Moore
Samuel McDowell
Patrick Keenan
Cornelius Cronin
T. Deal
Alexander Callie
GOG Third street.
do
do
704 Fourth street.
()U6 Third street.
do
006 Third street.
71.S Market.
:j16 Harrison.
San Francisco.
829 Mission street.
712 Market street.
1010 Market street.
716 Market street.
716 Market street.
716 Market street.
718 Market street.
778 Mission.
718 Market street.
San Francisco.
718 Market street.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Pranciscp.
752 Market street.
(J. Breed 1722 Market street.
M. lirown
T. F. Le Sclmutenhaus.
fi. W. Conkling
G. uhi ■;
A. 2n. Uhl
H. li. Smith
D. U. Hall
Robert A Marden
George W. Loftis ,
Christopher Than
J. C Harrington
William Gundlaoh
John Grad^'
Jacob Hess
M arccr U nger..
J. K. Cooper
J a m e 8 K . M cC o r m i c k' . . .
Thomas ])(jyle
George Gouch
William .Sim)>son
S. Post
Adam Orth
J. W. Mandlebaum
.S. E. Mandlebaum
Thomas N. Sullivan....
724 Market street.
728 Market street.
730 Market street.
734 Market street. •
734 Market street.
740 Market street.
912 Market street.
19 Paik avenue.
774 Market street.
25 Folsoin avenue.
744 Market street.
740 iMarkct street.
San Francisco.
125 Morton street.
745 Market street.
750 Market street.
800 Market street.
214 Stevenson slieet.
800 Market street.
San Francisco.
802 Market street.
810 Market street
830 Market street.
830 Market street.
Corner Leavenvvortli
and Jackson.
11
Names.
Residences.
E. D. Dockery
J. Hern stein
Daniel O'Koefe.
John T Kelly
Adam Erbo
Joseph A aron
.lohn Paterson
P. Green
George Pciffer
M. P'ezold
John Whalen
J. Tilson
William M Newhall
J. II. Widber
Georae A. Evans
Lander.s, Bj-rne & Co
J. G. Scovern
J. Y. Risdon
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works
George Camming
Newbanr & Co
Henry Roberts
Joseph Moore
G W. Lovejoy
Thomas Morton
William Francy
Robert Raphael
Peter Shelly
John O'Connell
Charles H. Tower
D. Marcucci
W. McKibben
Tiiomas McKibben
Horace Presbre}'
J. B. Firth
James Brodie
M. Sween}'
John Keney :
Patrick Bromely
William Fields
John Shackleton
William Davies
Louis Lesquier
John McConnell
George Palo n
John Russell
Frank Ryan
John McCauley
Thomas Bithel
F. Morrison
Thompson Brothers
23 Turk street.
608 Post street.
834 Market street.
840 Market street.
842 Market street.
131 Perry street.
848 Market street.
do
do
738 Market street.
732 Market street.
720 Market street.
323 Fremont street.
Corner Market and Third streets.
Corner Folsom and Main.
4 Third street.
739 Market street.
San Francisco.
do
29 Berry street.
107 Sansome street.
Fremont street.
642 Second street.
516 F'oisom street.
San Francisco.
'235 Minna street.
546 Folsom street
Austin, near Franklin street.
Austin street.
108 Dora street
1780 Folsom street.
317 Howard street.
do
107 Stockton street.
12 Guy Place.
Pine, near Fillmore.
544 Howard street.
Corner Beale and Howard streets.
00
17 Clementina street.
Broadway.
Seventh street.
19 ('lementina street.
12 Jirook street.
148 Natoma street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
Eureka Foundry.
12
Names.
David Stoddiirt
Jolin Thomson
John Parker
James M on 1< house
]Ienry Dettinaii
Cluirles Williamson ...
William G. Dixon
Alfred G. Jones
R. Dowd
Gcorcjc I;atimer
William C. McDonald
Jaivies J. Connor
D. M. Moore
T. Manly
D. McKenzie
Henr}' Koerben
Frederick Geils
H. J. Holmes
W. T. Gannatt
George Wise
William T. Little
W. F. Tootliakcr
T. J. Johnson
James E. Ilarity
Wi lliam Provence
W. K. You g
James O'Roorko ,
L. W. Lindsley
V. Wilett
Richard Pinckne}' ,
James Hill man
George A. Baccus
Hugh Cameron
John Brcc
Jienjamin Gai'valt
A. Brund
Oliver Moorissy
Valerian Leu
William Leibe
James Brenton
Thomas O'Biicn
J Goldsmith
Thomas Godfrey Mairuire.
T I" ./ to
J. Kane
William G. Burrett
James Beggs
Joseph Oatiicls
Patrick McCiillen
JamcH B. Mc(Jo\van
II. Beggs
Residences.
Iron Works.
do
92G Washington street.
5 N atom a street.
o Clara Lane.
Columbia street.
315 Eleventh street.
36 Natoma street.
Beale street.
Moore's Iron Foundry.
do
do
Brass Founder.
Carpenter.
Dunn's Foundry.
San Francisco.
do
Howard street, between Nineteenth
and Twentieth.
Brass Founder.
Osborn street.
Capp street, near Nineteenth.
620 Grove street.
34 Minna street.
49 First street.
126 Dora street.
308 Beale street.
44 Clementina street.
308 Beale street.
William Tell House.
Fulton street
San Francisco.
515 Stockton street.
1780 Folsom street.
221 First street.
Capp street, near Nineteenth.
Oetavia an<i McAllister streets.
316 Folsom street.
1703 Dupont street.
220 Minna street.
640 Second street
149 Tehama street.
317 Harrison.
457 Minna street.
IS First street.
709 Taylor.
335 O'Farreil street.
Corner Second and Folsom.
063 Howard street.
5 Perry street.
335 O'Farreil street.
13
Names. Residences.
James K. Smedberg 'Cosmopolitan Hotel.
John Martin 118 First street.
Hicha d King 128 First street.
Joiin Carroll 509 Howard street.
August Sicbe 154 First street.
Henr3' Windt ]154 First street.
Mrs. James Hayes 9 Natoraa street.
P. Ilartigan 'Corner First and Howard.
Patrick Ward !761 Folsom street.
Matt Bietner 1535 Mission street.
Peter Boyle i55 Natoma street.
Joseph G. Huber 102 Tebaraa street.
T. W. Dennis llU Ellis street.
John Kilda}' 39 Minna street.
Simon Keefe 19 Clementina.
Bernardo Rassini 1443 Leavenw^orth street.
Patrick Finn 513 Howard street.
James Gaffne}' 963 Howard street.
William Keegan j963 Howard street,
D. B. iS'oonan [424 Seventh.
W. Boger 3"^ Russ street.
Jacob Eadston 1232 Sixth street.
C. A. Dahgren First street.
Andrew Munro 415 Howard street.
Michael Dolan 107 Perry street.
A. L. Price 2323 Jackson street.
William Fexhan 144 First street.
William Ploschker 142 First street.
A. M. Jochim 418 Howard.
John Asmus 724 O'Farrell street.
A. Schmitz Comer California and Mason.
S. W. Lj-man 339 Tehama street.
F. Ilobbs 606 Folsom street.
H. B. Shaw , Northwest cor. Second and Folpom.
W B. Rand | do
H. P. Sonntag ' do
C. E. Davison Davison House.
Daniel McColgan 321 Tehama.
P. H. Velbcrt. 150 First street.
B. F. Mead 309 Montgomery street.
F. J. Curry Page street, between Laguna and
Buchanan.
Hanscom & Co ^Ina Iron Works.
Frank Kearney 56 Clementina street.
Geoige Atwood iShotwell, near Twenty-second.
Freeman Duff '123 Shotwell street.
A. C. Nelson !33 Natoma street.
James Donohue !88 Stevenson street.
James J. Kearney 536 Howard street.
Thomas Aniner
Martin Kearnej^.
504 Howard street.
do
14
Names.
Residences.
William A. Frascr....
Thomas W. Boyd ....
E. A. Richmond
Joseph Redington....
D. F. Neal
H. S. Smith
C. S. Blair
John Garej"
John S. Lennon
James Pendegast
J. V. Johnson
Simon Gorman
William Connor
John T. Gosnell
Thomas Pendergast.
M. L. Hanscom
James Pendergast....
Nicolas Lennon
L. C. Marshutz
Daniel E. Haj^es
J. H. Andrews
James Brandy
Patrick Dillon
D. B.Hinckley
A.Schofield
John A. Scott
John J. Kelley
W.J. McConnell
Samuel H. Wheeler...
Nelson Mathewson...
John E. Kennedy ....
R. B. Ellis
J. Wylie Mackie
J W. Carphin
John Wright
Michael Tierncy
John Mclver
I. S. Van Winkle
Andrew C. Mathison
Nelson & Doble
F. Tustin
William Walsh
W. D. Avers
John McLane
Henrj' Shater
Michael Shafer
M. D. Arnot
James Boland
John Rafferty
Palmer Cox
P. F. Glerc
i211 Ritch street, near Bryant.
1 108 O'Farrell street.
221 Seventh street.
Board man street.
152 Perrj' street.
221 Seventh street.
'o48 Folsom street.
j206 Folsom street.
jl2 Frederick street.
Twenty-second street.
1225 Folsom street.
316 Beale street.
130 Second street.
407 Tehama street
Twenty-second street.
Sixteenth street.
Folsom street.
3 Beale place.
204 Montgomery street.
Folsom street.
Second street.
15 Clementina street.
126 Clary street.
'Oakland.
|607 Sutter street.
'21 Essex street.
10 Yerona street.
1212 Second street.
San Francisco.
; do
'46 Clementina street.
il06 Sixth street.
566 Howard street.
724 Union street
13 and 15 Fremont street.
227 Perry street.
Pierce, between Edd}- and Ellis.
Corner Gough and Fulton streets.
1238 Bush street.
Fremont street.
15 Fremont street.
I do
do
do
I do
[ do
611 Folsom street.
Howard street.
544 Folsom street.
Howard street.
:15 Minna street.
15
Names.
Residences.
James Iliimilton
John E. Dwycr
Edward Holmes
William H Birch
Joseph Gobbee
V. Hiron
T Mantar
William 11. Steiger....
John Maginnis
H. Olanie
C. T. Hillon
A. Boiirdin
George T. Scoit
G. J. Wheelock
E. T. Stern
John W. Quick
C. H. Evans
Martin White
Robert Dick .
Robert Cnrrie
Thomas Floyd
Tiie(^dore J. Cushman.
Thomas B. Smith
George N. Briggs
G. S. Gluesing
Andrew McNicoll
William W. Taylor....
R. Goulter
C. Garth
R. Blair
B. Orphanl
James Munson
Wells B. Mcintosh.
James Gallison
Frank Miirpln^
J. B. Carroll
Matthew Doyle
Felix O'Brien
Daniel Giirtin
Donald McLeod
E. K. Holmes
C. B. Heald
W. Eckfeldt
S. Burke
Patrick Dunning....
Stephen Fletcher....
W. W. Wood
A. B. Branett
D. 0. Dunn
H. Webb
Twenty-third street.
21!) Minna street.
Howard street.
18 Verona place.
585 Folsom street.
35 Freelon street.
Morton place.
Louisa street.
Tehama street.
Pacific street.
2642 Minna street.
ISO First street.
409 Turk street.
333 Turk street.
9 First street.
1014 Mission street.
82 N atom a street.
15 Tehama place.
72 [) Minna street.
1 4 Freelon street.
28 Clementina street.
Corner Broderick and Fulton streets.
Cor. Capp and Twenty-fifth streets.
24 Silver street.
14 First street.
Twenty-second street.
Twenty-third street, between Ala-
bama and (^olumbia streets.
564 Howard street.
Freelon. between Third and Fourth.
Zoe. near Bryant.
21 Frederick street.
do
6 xMinna street
155 Tehama street.
116 Miller place.
140 Nate ma street.
13 Natoma street.
Miller place.
252 Perry street.
16 Ritch street.
565 Howard.
864 Folsom.
82 Tehama street.
35 Clementina street.
Clara street.
614 Mason street.
do
131 Harrison street.
14 DeBoom street.
40 Natoma street
16
Names.
Residences.
John Brad}*
Watson Topping
W. H. Ilcpburne
A. W. Iloyt
A. Holland
H. T. Scott
C. A. Low
H. Shipman
C. C. Perkins
J. P. Hayes
Thomas Cullen
J. Jukins
James Fay
James Gee
Jerry Griffin
Peter Delven
Thomas J. Quinn
Peter R. Zimmerman.
Matthew Arnold
William Carsons
G. A. Dewall
Daniel Sayles
Isaac Hulme
W. Gering
Thomas Swanton
Thomas Jones
N. Collins
M. Foley
John Malone
William Sharp
John Powell
D. F. O'Neal
Darcah G. Harrison ..,
Thomas Little ,
Con Noonan
Maurice Flinn
Robert Kesbitt
William Mortomey
John O'Brien
Martin Donely
Daniel Coneley
Michael Riley
Edward Barr}'
Edward McGrovy
Nicholas Hagel...,
Hugh Dugan
Felix Harbaugh.
Sheldon Allen....
George Harmer .
Tehama street.
129 Second street.
Twenty-third street.
514 Sutter street.
227 Second street.
547 Folsom street.
553 Harrison street.
United States.
San Francisco.
12 Sherwood place.
1230 Mission street.
168 Howard srreet.
15 First street.
112 First street.
521 Mission street.
59 Minna street.
12 Natoma street.
18 Bush street.
54 First street.
18 First street.
566 Mission street.
San Francisco.
do
314 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
1227 Second street.
30 Minna street.
Second and Clementina.
Twenty-fourth and Bryant.
160 Minna street. '
78 Natoma street.
San Francisco.
do
Dora street.
12 Natoma street.
Diamond street.
71 Tehama street.
148 Jessie street.
321 Clementina street.
50 Perry street.
San PVan Cisco.
Florida, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth.
42 Geary street.
64 First street.
Hancock, between Eighteenth and
Nineteenth.
316 O'Farrell street.
53 Natoma street.
66 First street.
71 Tehama street.
17
Names.
Residences.
Thomas Fletcher 71 Tehama street.
Thomas Walierton ;413 Union street.
James Tendal i30 Welch street.
James Fitzsimmons |14 Sumner street.
Ivobert Gill '61 Tehama street.
T ho m as Noon j C h eslc}' street.
Auejust Batemire 317 Bush street.
Samuel Lingard 39 San Bruno road.
Henry Demmick |27 Oak Grove avenue.
F. Pearce Corner First and Folsora.
Samuel Drew | Fourth street.
George 11. Ferguson 11185 Broadway.
G. W. Fletcher. |l020 Pine street.
W. G. Doolittle 1830 Howard street.
407 California street.
1513 Sacramento street.
San Francisco.
407 California street.
San Francisco.
407 California street.
San Francisco,
do
F. B Wilde
John Flood
Lew Tasheira
Andrew Thorpe
J. C. Swain
A. S. Gould
A. T Parish
Louis French
J. W. McKenzie :407 California street.
George R. Starr j403 Davis street.
C. J. Duval 615 Pine street.
A. Hiinmelmann 637 Washington street.
William Ingraham Kip iBishop of California.
John Skinker !l08 Butte street.
B. McEwen 1407 California street.
W. A. Arnold (South San Francisco.
C. A. Kctler 1410 Harrison street.
W.J. Ketler do
J. M. Wilde San Francisco.
II E. Perry 622 Clay street.
Stephen Putnam 1107 Pine street.
John C. Bower 610 Howard street.
J. W. Farrington jSouthwest corner Kearny and Sac-
j ramento streets.
C.L.Ross 708 Railroad avenue. South San
; Francisco.
Dennis Coffin j407 California.
David C. Keller ill2 Welsh street.
Francos McCormick
John Cumberland
John F. Bj'xbee
Philip Conway
John Cerbery
Main street Wharf Compan}^ per
Bliss
San Francisco.
Polk street, near Green.
406 Eddy street.
22 Clinton street.
650 Brannan street.
San Francisco.
18
Names.
Thomas C. Peoler.
Oharlos Kitol
P. Swift
P. Madcl
Hohert Slica
William Davis
John N. Kaniliam .
VV. G. Andorsoii....
Henry Taal
J II 'J'ietjcu..
Frederick L. Blair.
William ('renin....
William S Tico
James Fitz Simmons.
A. R. Wells
A. D. McDonald
W. N. Miller
Joseph F. Halc}^
A. H. Culvorvvell
Simon Strahan
E. B. Cooper
W. W. Spauldini^
John Brvant
James Hi'icklov.
Joseph Gosling.. .
William F. Curiis
O. D Bennett
John Grant
C. W. Sears
John Carbery
Patrick Carhery .
C. A. Hooper
Noble Miller
II. T. Freeman
Norman Parrish...
James Gillis
Robert Ma<(ee
George W. Keller
J. N. Crane
N. George
A. Bou(du;r
W.Il. Tultle
N. Hartmaii
E. D. Owen
J. E. Tig-s
John Clark
Robert Nelson
(element Fclbin...
Residences.
San Francisco.
Heron street.
Fell street.
Corner Howard and Sj)ear streets.
iPotrero.
1 1222 Bush street.
j409 First street.
Potrcro.
i206 Steuart street.
Mission and Steuart.
Howard, near Spear.
Twenty-seventh and Columbia ave-
nue.
22 and 24 Market street.
Howard, near Spear.
216 Edd}^ street.
San Francisco.
23 Hawthorne street.
G49 Howard street.
1217 Ellis street.
724 Minna street.
206 Eddy street.
17 and 19 Fremont street.
Folsom. between Nineteenth and
Twentieth streets.
Clementina, between Eighth and
Ninth.
110 Stockton street.
625 Post street.
298} Clementina stfeet.
San Francisco.
200 Seventh street.
175 Stockton street.
Pacific Rolling Mills.
80 Rincon Place.
28 Hawthorne street.
828.} Fifiii.
Treat avenue.
Fourth street.
24 Minna street.
112 Welsh street.
San Francisco.
110 Stockton street.
San Krancisco.
550 Stevenson street.
San Francisco.
28 Hawthorne street.
887 Jessie street.
888 Jessie street.
82 Tehama street.
San Francisco.
19
Names .
Residences.
Fred E. Jenkins
H. Arrison
F. C. Nichols
A. D. Crow
Benjamin F. Lee
William Ilardini,^
M. P. Shore ":
A. J. Smith
John Simpson
John S. Crouyii
H. William Hoffman
Albert Saberee
W. xVI. Sack
John Watt
A. Lippincott
R Whatler
D. Mosher
James Mi Hi ken
Peter Easmuson
H. L. Stevens
V.Panzi
William K Ptury
G T. Clark
John Bannerman
Geor£re H. Peterson
A.Gillin
S. B.Lvon
M. Russell
Thomas D. Worster
Brown & Wells
William Henry
Matthew Harris
M. N. Carson
E. Heath
Henry H. Nagle
William Corcoran
B P. Pendleton
Ge roe L. PIiill
Alfred Wheeler
Charles R. Story
Tliomas W. Cunningham.
Maurice Levin
Arthur E. Webb
A. Holme^!
John H. Wise
J. C. Woods
P. Conklin
F. D. Haswell
Joseph Trontin
Alanson H. Phelps
F.Tillman
33 Ellis street.
San Francisco.
521: Howard street.
414 Fourth street.
1216 Washington street.
330 Third street.
440 Hayes street.
14 Clarence place.
72(3 Mission street.
Oakland.
Northeast corner Pine and Powell.
San Francisco.
Mission street.
Corner Howard and Main.
807 Geary street.
506 Dupont street.
15 Stocfkton street.
24 Minna street.
40 Minna street.
619 Mission street
Twenty-fourth street.
San Francisco.
3 Clinton street.
San Francisco.
343 Fremont street.
Bryant street.
San Francisco.
do
do
411 Mission street.
San Francisco.
do
do
Northeast corner Polk and Fell.
536 Market street.
1518 Mission street.
Oakland, Alameda County.
San Francisco.
do
30 .McAllister street.
6 Montgomery street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
560 Folsom street.
304 Montgonu'iy street.
607 Front street.
11 Kearny street.
416 Batter}' street.
424 Montgomery street.
328 Montgomery street.
118 California street
I3I8 Batterv street.
20
Names.
Rosidcncea.
A. Martinon
Tlieodore Gnienluigen.
Baldwin (Jardiner
H. C. Swain
J. F. Stirling
Edmund Scott
.Toaeph S. Koed
Christian Kirk
Nathan L. John
J. II. Harlc
George II. Sanders
J. Wright
Abner Doble..
S. E. Holcombe
M. M. Baldwin
Wheeler Martin
James Croke
John McKenzie
John A. McGljnn..
P. A. Hawkins
L F. Rowell
K. George
F. Madge
Edward Wiiilsted..
Edward McLean....
Ezra Morse
E. B. Macy
Daniel Eogers
James M. Learned .
James Ilei-on
F. A.Donnelly
Charles M. Tyler
Geor-re Childs
Jlichard B. Neill...
M. M Whyie
G.W. Haskell
N. P. Ferine
S. Maynard
John C. Maynard ..
John Bcatty
George Dougherty
R. D. Kevcs..
G W. Blake
Samuel P. ('ranc...,
August Sauhnan
T. L. Laverskie
5 Dewitt street
1507 Leaven woi'th street.
1506 Taylor street.
324 California street.
001 Dupont street.
Northwest corner Commercial and
Montgomery streets.
510 Brannan street.
1017 Bush street.
275 Jessie street.
Oakland.
1213 Bush street.
1912 Stockton street.
1609 Polk street.
209 Montgomery sti'eet.
438 Montgomery street.
438 Geary street.
(,'alifornia street
do
936 Mission street.
1514 Fcdsom street.
920 Jackson street.
Clay, near Fi-anklin.
116"^Taylor street.
731 Pine street.
Oakland.
120S Sacramento street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
351 Bi-annan street.
Oakland.
Corner Shotwell and Twenty-first.
417 Montgemer}- street.
843 Mission street.
Fail- Oaks, between Twenty-third
and Twenty-fourth.
11 Russ street.
San Francisco.
336 Montgomerj'' street.
135 Montgomery street.
Corner Sacramento and Sansome.
Notary Public.
517 Kearny street.
do
834 Sutter street.
336 Montgomery street.
Sixth street, opposite Tohania.
520-518 California str^jct.
520 California street.
Owen Connolly Market street
A. G. Fitzpatriek 'CornerShotwcll and Twenty-second
L. E. Week k Co |417 Battery street.
21
Names.
Residences.
G. C Landis
August Eeusclie..
J T. Bubeox
S. Kiblcy
John P. Couch....
J. R. Deardoff
G. Wingatc
B. N. Wingate....
Ferdinand Smith.
Charles M. Haley
M. T. Broeklebank...
James Adams
D. Smith
Selden S. Wright
R. B Swain
Andrew J. Stevenson
H. J.Tilden
H. L. Chamberlain
James H. Carey
John F. Lohse
C. H. Reynolds
Thomas Gailaghei-
Walter Turn bull
A. Folsom
Edward S. Spear & Co.
John McDermott
William H. Davis
J. M. Ha^skell
William A. Plunkett.. .
John Ilamill
George Flaherty
P. H. Canavan.. ..,
P F. Mohrhardt
James R. Dyer
R. Wegener
Bbenezer Knowlton
William M. Neiison
P. B. Quiidan ;..
A. J. Morreil
Neit^on Bart liulo mew...
Ira P. Rankin
R. Wcrthemau
W. R. Donnelian
F. Sherr
C H. Pollard
George Wallace
J. W. Low
M. H. Kelly
Charles Kolih.i'
724 Green street.
520 California street.
944 Howard street.
4PJ Pine street.
924i Pine street.
124 Fifth street.
338 Montgomery' street.
1421 Fourth street.
Corner Linden street and Van Ness
avenue.
336 Montgomery street.
534 California street.
902 Mission street.
110 Sutter street.
817 Lombard street.
314 California street.
Corner California and Montgomery.
Dolores street, between Twenty-
third and Twenty-fourth.
22 Montgomery street.
441 Third street.
8(J4 Mission street.
329 Montgomery street.
21 Rincon place.
516 Sacramento street.
|531 California street.
536 California street.
861 Folsom street.
110 Eleventh street.
331 Montgomery.
35 Union street.
22 Eleventh street.
621 Taylor street.
11 24 Folsom street.
612 Shotwell street.
I do
1 621 Geary street.
|4 Center olock, Sixteenth street.
i529 California street.
506 Greenwich street.
J617 Third street.
j410 Pacific street.
J First street.
j607 Pine street.
!539 California street.
j210 Stockton street.
'321 Montgomery street.
402 xMontgomery street.
j743 Pine street.
i325 Hayes street.
11507 Stockton street.
•^'^
Names.
John Reynolds
A. W. Von Schmidl
Joseph Trend)
H. W. Massey
Jos6 M. Gonroyi-'j ...
R. Wells
Residences.
1007 Jackson street.
1G28 Folsoni street.
Gil <^'lay street.
."05 Montgomery street.
City of Santa Barbara.
Southwest corner of Fiflecnth and
Dolores streets.
William Ilalloran Southwest corner of fiilteenth and
Dolores streets.
J. S. Allen ;1028 Pine street.
William E. Domett ,629 Gear}- street.
John II. Druhe iCorner Market and Stcuart streets.
William H. V. Cronisc 526 Green street.
A. Campcon
E.J.Baldwin
II. Johnson
W. Smith
G. R. Rossetter
Otto Anton
Ilobbs, Gilmorc & Co. .
William Bnnce
A. S. Struiun
James Craio;
William J. Richardson.
Ira G. Hoitt
J. M. Conner
E. Whitinir
William LeflingwcU....
Charles N. Fox
H. Hickei
A. W. Hawkett
J. Wolf.
Stephen Putnam
Robert G. Lord
John ITerzo
Milo Iloadlc}^
Cornelius Denis
J. M. D. Parr
William B. Swain
Ch.Kornfeld
John Ricketson
T. J. Chadbourm
J. M. Byrne
Joseph Lipman
E. A. Williams
A. D. Miesogacs
George Amerige
B. P. Roone}'
Frederick A. Sawyer,
B. Herinorhi
Oakland.
410 Gear}' street.
1807 Dupont street.
1811 Howard street.
1819 Clay street.
407 Pacific street.
217 Market street.
1.329 Sacramento street.
519 Front street.
713 Commercial street.
Corner Webster and Ellis streets.
804 Bush street.
181 Jessie street.
do
408 Montgomery street.
52S California street.
942 Harrison street.
Oakland *
San Francisco.
1107 Pine street.
1514 Folsom street.
1600 Taylor street.
Gate. Lone Mountain Ce meter}'.
Russ House.
14 O'Farreil street.
302 Montgomerj' street.
733 Clay street.
912 Harrison street.
1412, 1414, 1416. 1418 and 1420 Du-
pont street.
533 Sutter.
What Cheer House.
1113 Stockton street.
54 Third street.
100 Stockton street.
251 Perry street.
509 Kearnj' street.
708 Harrison street.
Names.
llesidcnces.
J. W.Conner !5U4 Second street.
M. Weil !L>2!) O'Farrell street.
M. ColeuKUi lUT Batterj' street.
R. II. Lloyd !1010 Folsom street.
Joseph P Tlioin})soii }52."5 Montgomery street.
R Huglies I Oakland Point.
Joliii Johnson do
Frederick S Elirniiker jClueri'ero street, Mission Dolores.
J). W. Connelly ISun Francisco.
Frank Kennedy !6!9 Stevenson street.
J. il. Page (24 Hawthorne street.
A. B. Cam])bell ! 1 126' Market street.
William Ede.
Frank I). Sweetser.
John J. Joiner
C. B Williams
14 Second avenue
44 Third street.
Dorland street.
i^orthvvest corner Church and Dor-
land.
B OrdensLcin San Francisco.
Edwin Lewis 1001 Lombard street.
John Hall 1011 Market street.
II. P. (^oon Northeast corner California and
Gough streets.
C. H. Killey JNorthwest corner Webster and
Union.
William McPhun J65 Shipley street.
John Linehan I Chattanooga street.
A. J. Ellis jMontgomery street.
Thomas McSweney |;-505 Hayes.
Elijah Lord 1312 Ha3'es.
M. Ashbury i204 Montgomery.
iS. G. Kittle [719 Geary
John Henderson, Jr jTwelfth street.
T. J. Bergin Iluss House.
W. J. Robbins .Bush street.
(Jharles Mayne '585 Clay street.
H. M. iSIewhall [Corner Beale and Harrison.
F. Kane ;555 Natoma street.
Daniel Ej'an i911 Greenwich street.
S. M. Van Doren .' CornerTwenty-fonnh and Guerrero.
E. N. Toi-rey 51 iJ Dupont street.
R. .Muhlondorft'. Sixteenth street.
S. C. Weik California street.
Jflhn F. Boden 707 Greenwich street,
11. Barroilhet 411 Washington street.
.lohn R Coryell 4 Montgomery street.
J. Francis de Loon |1*14 Dnpont street.
Wi 11 i am Li 1 i e n i el (1 oOl Kearny street.
Thomas Ford SSu Ellis street.
[■*. (jonnolly
Daniel S. Roberts
Francis Kance.. ..
9G8 Harrison street.
189 South Park avenue.
1008 Clay street.
24
Names.
R. C. Dyer
S.Goodman
Thomas llowlandson
Jose R. Pico
George A. Freiermuth, Jr.
J. C. Keis
S. J. Straus
Cliarles W. Grant
M. L. Perego
"William A. Jcnner
Josepi) G. Fuller
James A. Pritchard
John H. Warren
J. R. Coleman
George Howes & Co ,
George C. Wickware
A. Schwei'in
L. C. Fogle
J. J. Riclietibach
P. Maniran
Silas Wilcox
Richard Ivers
A. G. Beck
F. Gebhard
V. Kehrlein
P. Cavanagh
John Haller
George O. Smith ....
Thomas C. Grant....
William M. Pierson.
Daniel Mahon}^
John Baumeister....
William Bbhle
B. W. Park
John Owens
S T. Leet
Francisco Diible
Enoch Ijott
Daly & Hawkins....
John McGeary
C. A. Spaiilding
G. S.Kern ^
Conrad Schneider..
J. A. Rawson
P. J. French
D. Weston
Louis R. Lull
John D. Neppert.
ResidcDcea.
1430 California street.
208 and 210 Sansom street.
Potrcro avenue.
1123 Folsom street.
Fills, near Fillmore street.
319 Oak street.
522 O'Farrell street.
315 Calitbrnia street.
206 Sutter street.
\5\ Tehama street.
528 California street.
311 Fourth street.
444 Clementina street.
706 Front street.
302 California street.
518 Sutter street.
30 Sixth street.
422 Montgomery street.
1231 Filbert street.
10 Gilbert street.
Laguna, south of McAllister.
251 Stevenson, between Third and
Fourth.
432 Montgomer}' street.
451 Jessie street.
Leavenworth, near Bay.
1511 Jjarkin street.
Fillmore a d Filbert streets.
33 John street.
Guerrero street.
1217 Mason street.
Corner Sixth and Bryant.
1036 Howard street.
723 O'Farrell street.
Mission and Twenty-fourth streets.
1055 Mission street.
526 California street.
728 Montgomery street.
9 HubbarcJ street
220 Montgomer}^ street.
1135 Mission street.
628 Montgomery street.
120 Market street. ,
Taj-lor street.
338 Montgomery street.
528 California street.
115 Second street
Secretary Society California Pio-
neers.
Secretary Society California Pio-
neers.
li.)
Names.
Residences.
A^ustin Olvera
William Rorincr
John P. Clabrouijjh
Thomas Miichcll...
F. W. Eam.sdell....
John Davis
George W. Smith...,
J. M. Aturmiisler..
M. O'Donnell
H. W. Waite
A. Piatt
Patrick Diigaii
Michael llogan
D. J. Horswel
F. 11. Woods
G. F. M. Glover....
D. W. C. Kice
Cornelius Hoyer...
F B. Maynard
J. llerrberg
Edward Groves
John McCombe
G. Beuste
B. Beruhard
Thomas liutherford
George C. Herrick...
S. L. Hartmeyer
James Burke
G. Strasser
John McKerven.
John Willis
Aram ('rornbugghe.
Richard Abbey
James S. Waturea..
F. A. Harnden
Cyrus W. Jones
Samuel K. Jilasdell..
W. J. Stringer
J. C. Maynard
Gus. Reis
P.J. O'Conner
C. Reis
C. M. Wood worth..
L. G. Locke
Michael Flood
Samuel Bradley
Los Angeles County.
619 California street.
G30 Montgomery street.
115 Second street.
125 Selina Place.
31 O'Farrell.
740 Washington street.
Washington street.
925 Broadway.
224 Fourth street.
311 Minna street.
Southwest corner ^reen and Hj'de.
Glover street.
638 Clay street.
913 Pine street.
320 Montgomery street.
415 Montgomery street.
1608 Larkin street.
Petaluma.
821 Greenwich street.
Corner Twenty-fourth and Church.
Corner Twentj^-second and Treat
avenue.
Barnum Restaurant.
215 Prospect place.
419 Sutter street.
510 California street.
506 Greenwich street.
516 California street.
Page street, north side, between
Franklin and Gough.
Southeast corner Montgomery and
Green streets.
1227 Paciiic street.
307 O'Farrell street.
Russ House.
506 Second street.
408 Montgomerv street.
do
34 Tehama street.
315 and 317 Pine street."
334 O'Farrell street.
134 Second street.
571 Howard street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
504 Second street.
506 Second street.
727 Ma:kct street.
First street.
26
Names.
Residences.
H. P. Herrick
L. J. Henry, M. D...
A. C. Tilcumb
Juan do Foro
S. Brunner
George Dent
G. Hock
David Farquharson..
L. 11. Varney
J. J. Mundwyler^Jr..
J. J. Mundwyler, Sr.
George S Hoag
Thomas R. Church..
William Trumpp
Allen J. Gladding ...
Mebith & Moore
Samuel Read
John Ogilvie
P. A. & J. McKinley
E. Emett
AS. Davenport
William JSagel
Ford H. Rogers
Samuel Adams
Edward Considine...
Robert Cray ton
Philip Rotbermel ,
Samuel Moffatt
Isaiab Dixon
F. P. Latson
H. Rosekrans
J. W. Wilbur
G. M. Ferine
C. W. Kinsman
W. II. llogan
S. G. II. Rosekrans...
George O. McKay....
C. C. Keene
Thomas L. Kervan...
W. Betmemann
W. Tietjcn
Patrick Miilvihill
A. R. McDonald
John Brien
William Howe
George L. Howe
John Cook
John Penncmcr
J. G. Moore
42 Hawthorne street.
745 Clay street.
1320 California street.
(514 Merchant street.
Southwest corner Pacific and San-
8om streets.
Ill Oak street. '
Southwest corner Pacific and San-
som streets.
601 California street.
611 Powell street.
708 Bush street.
do
505 Sutter street.
223 Montgomery street.
630 Bush street.
1512 California street.
722 Bush street.
908 Leavenworth street-
OSS Jones street.
328 and 330 Geary street.
San Francisco.
1234 Bush street.
722 Bush street.
814 Bush street.
San Francisco.
1513 Leavenworth street.
San Francisco.
706 Bush street.
530 Bush street.
San Francisco.
135 Montgomery street.
do^
do
do
66 Tehama street.
10 Tehama place.
135 Montgomery street.
1207 Cla}- street.
San Francisco.
611 Powell street.
700 Bush street.
do
234 Clara street.
iSan Francisco.
734 Harrison street.
Bush and Mason
Steincr and Post.
805 Mason.
San Francisco.
1426 California street.
27
Names.
Residences.
T. Horstmann
N. Proctor Smith....
H. H. Wood
Jules F. Pages
Paul Fleury ,
Louis Bothe
Henry Collin
George Haas
William Gruenbagen,
D.Woods
Patrick McGee
William P. Brown
J. E. Gould
J. T. Oatmann
James Van Byres ....
Daniel Uohelen
Christian Jomford....
Martin Teitjen
George Sawjei-
W Brown
W. H. Martin
John Giblin
T. S. My rick
Jefferson Martenet...
C. F. Myrick
George Southwell....
H. G. Sahnke
John G. Drube
James B. Townsend ,
George Jaudin ,
Solomon Tcsmore
Charles A. San key ...
William Baily
B. P. Batchelder
T. D. McKenna
William Henkel
John Plutton
Thomas Quinn
Thomas Langan
John Colter
D. N. Robison
James Lynch ,
Denis Dugan
R. A. Thompson
John Mollo}'
Frank Corde
John W. McCormicl
G. F. Breitbaupt
A. J. Moldrup
700 Bush street.
717 Bush street.
10U7 Market street.
O'Farrell, near Luguna.
Corner O'Farrell and Octavia.
104 Kearny street.
1307 Pacific street.
908 Geary street.
1507 Leavenworth street.
1501 Leavenworth.
1014 Jackson street.
114 Bernard street.
644 Howard street.
815 Jackson street.
006 Jackson street.
19 Virginia street.
819 Jackson street.
815 Jackson street.
10 Howard court.
10 Howard street.
315 California street.
Folsom street.
Stevenson.
Coso avenue, near Aztec street.
Stevenson street.
727 Broadway.
523 Jackson street.
535 California street.
Russ House.
411 Bush street.
208 Dupont street.
Sbotwell street.
124 Silver street.
Oakland.
Yerba Buena street, near Sacra-
mento.
51 G Hayes street.
35 Eleventh street.
558 Mission.
Sacramento and Licdesdorff.
Pfeiffer street.
41 Minna street.
700 Post street.
310 Folsom.
409 Minna.
54 Cla)' street.
1 106 Taylor street.
Erie, between Thirteenth and Four-
teenth streets.
San Francisco.
Ellis and Webster.
28
Names.
Residences.
Daniel Short
Lawrence Laffin
Edward Mullen
William Otis Reynolds
Henry J Dixon
H. G. Earle
Peter Cline
Frederick Bodell
G. Lufkin
William F. Dorman ...
J. W. Wolf
James A. Benson
H. M. Jeffords
J. W. Perin
John Miller
Christian Neilsen
John Weel
E. Qiiin
Joseph Lewis
James Clarke
James Larkin
Michael Joyce
E S. Short
J. K. Brooks
Charles Johnson
Peter Moi-ris
Albert Luhrs
Peter McCormick
Thomas Burke
Rich ar d Cu m m i n g;s
Philip Simmon
Louis Zephyr
Henry Corlc}-
Michael Hession
Raymond Su miner
Benjamin Miller
James Gaugh
E. J. Meservy
Thomas .1. Butler
J. P. Phillips
Patrick (lilleran
William G. Martin
A. E. Prince
P. Walsh
James Smith
J. B. Fowler
George R. Turner
T. J/Walsh
Martin Tarjicy
William Guttridi^e
Corner East and Commercial.
Tenth and Folsom.
1050 Broadway.
2310 Larkin street.
48 Sacramento street.
124 Fifth street.
Hyde street.
San Francisco.
409 Washington street.
Corner Howard and Fifteenth.
Oakland Point.
407 Hyde.
do
San Francisco.
Drumm street.
South street.
California street.
Leavenworth and Vallejo streets.
260 Washington street,
487 Shi])ley street.
San Francisco.
Howard and Tenth.
Tehama street.
Welsh street.
San Francisco.
Nevada street.
25 J)upont street.
180 Natoraa street.
Clinton, near Brannan street.
98 Clay street.
52 Clay street.
834 Seventh street.
First street.
Broadway, near Larkin.
Corner Greenwich and Sansom.
fi J)rumm street.
234 Minna street.
200 Drumm street.
16 Natoma street.
164 Jessie street.
19} Downey street.
do
837 Bryant street.
181 Drum street.
Corner Drun^m and Sacramento
Corner Green and Montgomery
Vallejo, between Taylor and Jessie.
Southeast corner Commercial and
Di'umm.
120 Fourth street.
12 Bagley place.
29
Names.
Residences.
Frank Savoy
M . Waterman
(Teor<re Crosby
L. Rosenhanm
Arthur Devi tie
S. Folk
Michael 1). Faylor
William Schmirit
Charles Peschke
Henry Vigneaud
William Cringle
J. Meyerstein
Daniel O'Brien
George Dowsett
B. Elliot
James S. Snmmerville
James F. Hill
William Miu'ph}'
James Costello
William Watson
Thomas Cuvtin
John Cur tin
William Curtin
John McDaid
Frederick Cast
James Regan...:.
Antonio Bassett
Michael McClaskey
Patrick Kegan
Daniel Donavan
James Donavan
William Smith
Martin Conway
D. Reeklmann
G. Driicker
Richard Magee
N. Bishop
(/harles Ash
H. Blohm
A. Lcm aires
John Marshall
John BuLlner
A. M. Kingslcy
George Kidennuiller, M. D
J. W! Davis
J. Edwards
John Kelcther
Thomas N. Fullum
Francis T.Murray
James Gaul
Daniel Hario-an
951 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
727 O'Farrell street.
San Francisco.
Ritch street
Corner Eddy and Larkin.
Potrero.
Oak street.
Brannan street.
San Francisco.
Fourth and Townsend streets.
Freelon street.
414 Shipley street.
Brannan street.
10 Freelon street.
Steuart street.
Perry street.
Bcale street.
Bluxome street.
do
Berry street.
do
Perry street.
Fifth street.
Clara street
Brannan street.
do
Dora street.
Minna street.
Stevenson street
Mission street.
Perry street
Third street.
(/orner Fourth and Brannan.
Brannan street.
859 Harrison street.
Harrison street.
484 Fifth street.
500 Clara.
415 Fifth street.
Fifth street.
524 Fourth street.
255 Peri'y street.
San Francisco.
261 Perry street.
240 Perry street.
241 Perry street.
146 Cherry street.
Folsom avenue.
7 Harrison avenue.
12 Chcsley street.
80
Names.
Residences.
Eicliard Morrisey.
Alexander Stark...
C. II. Dicckme3'er.
John R. Smith
John Kobcson
Stark Van Drusen
Louis C. IJichardson...
James S. Sherman
M. LeMaire
T M. McKeen
Patrick McCarty
James Ratigan
John Block
Joseph Hoffman
Patrick Cahill
John Mechan
Nicholas Brown
Eichard Barry
Henry K. Stiles
John Feour....
Andrew Donnelly
M. Conlin
John Lyons
Cornelius Mahonj^
Patrick Moran
R. W. King
Patrick Sculley ,
Edmund Hanrahan
M. Lester ,
Owen Harrington
Michael Kennedy
John S. McGowan ,
John Conley
Patrick Loughran
Michael A. Donnelly...
Henry J. Bellew
Tobius George
Conrad Berghoffer
F. Velatt
A. H. Lou<jhborou<j:h.
Edward Vischer... .
Frederick Granhoff.
M. L. Bassett
John McGiil
George Hertei
C. B. Gibbs
Adolph C. Weber
John Lloyd
2 Doe street.
1140 Folsom street.
Southeast corner Eighth and Harri-
son.
San Francisco,
do
do
2 Hampton court.
38 Silver street.
48 Varenue street.
25 Third avenue.
040 Mission street.
Ninth street.
Union street, near Sansom.
Folsom, between Seventh and Eighth
San Francisco.
20 Downey street.
San Francisco
260 Clay street.
Ash street.
169 Gardiner street.
San Francisco.
3 Gilbert street.
108 Dora street.
Harrison street.
Decatur street.
30 Tehama street.
Harrison street.
262 Clary street.
Eighth street.
do
554 Tehama street.
Eighth street*.
Folsom street.
Eighth street.
429 Clementina street.
427 Clementina street.
717 Sutter street.
542 Folsom street.
9 U Mission street.
Northwest corner Montgomery and
Sacramento streets.
Southwest corner Front and Jackson
1510 Powell.
Corner Church and Jessie.
824 liroadway.
Northwest corner Montgomery and
Sacramento streets.
San Fiancisco.
840 Folsom street.
Geary street.
Names.
Residences.
F. A. Dierok
F. & C. Eearden
B. Ernst Tittel
Conrad Tittel
F. Augustus Tittel ..
H A. Fngels
Julian B. Harris
Joseph Ehres
H. Lucbsinger
H. Newmann
George L. Wenzel...
A. J. Lafontaine
D. Levitzky
H. L. Simon
M. Leese
W. Miiller
Lewis llolhermel
Jacob Knell
P. O. Larsen
C. S. Storms
Ph. H. Graser
M. Barkcs
A. Knoblauch
Henri leimini
H. C. Bateman
Maurice B. Walsh....
P. O. Larser
H. Hildebrande
Daniel Clement
August Matz
Christian Eichland..
John J. Lucas
William H. Heald....
Aug. A. Rosenberg...
J. W. C. Rhind
Ed. Ehrenpfort
John Kleinshroth ...
Alexander MacAbec
Theodore Brown
Franck Jarinko
J. Berger
James L. Hanna
Dennis J. Lucy
John W. Craig
P. TuUy
F. N.Abie
J. W.Lynngrenn
Hubard Ward
James Monkhouse...
31 Welsh street.
Northwest corner Sacramento and
Montgomery streets.
656 Folsom street.
First avenue, Mission.
do ■ ,
602 Mission street.
157^ Tehama street.
542 Folsom street.
349 Minna.
Corner Bush and Montgomery.
San Francisco.
627 Merchant street.
1U08 Market street.
507 Lombard street.
692 Sacramento.
1507 Powell street.
Siegfried Hotel.
431 Sutter street.
217 Kearny street.
313 Kearny street.
13 Second street.
228 Kearny street.
do
454 Bush street.
227 Kearny street.
do
217 Kearny street.
208 Sutter street.
21 Stockton place.
217 Dupont.
Central Road.
San Francisco.
20 Sansom street.
139 Kearny street.
113 Perry street.
138 Eighth street.
San Francisco.
406 Geary street.
337 Bush street.
do
627 Clay street.
Corner Shotwell and Twenty-fourth.
Clinton street, between Sixth and
Seventh streets.
Eighth street.
1150 Folsom street.
Folsom street.
408 Shipley.
1623 Howard street.
5 Natoma street.
32
Names.
Rcsidencea.
Michael Conniff..
M.J. Kelly
John Shivan
Owen Prunz
William Matheri
James E. Harrison.
Patrick Joj'ce
Michael O'Riordan .
Peter Bainbridge....
Michael Gormb}-
James Jones
James Eni;-al
John Kerdon
Thomas Boyd
Michael Pvilley
J.B. Fargo
J. H. Monnich
VV. Willie
David Cummins
P. II. Murphy
Perry street.
Hayes Valle3-.
San Francisco,
do
Eighth street, between Harrison and
Folsom.
Eighth street.
Ninth street,
do
Eighth street, near Folaom.
Heron street.
Howard street.
Mission.
Harrison street.
Filbert street.
First street.
San Francisco,
do
Clementina street.
F Isom street.
Tin shop, corner of Eighth and Fol-
som streets.
Howard street.
James Mullens
John McMillin Clementina street
Peter Johnston Folsom street.
John Yablonsky ,737 Howard street
Daniel Coffey." 'Eighth street.
William O. Lloyd |42o Hayes street.
Edward Shea 216 Eighth street
James Croke
Henry Harding...
Martin Gilligan...
D. J. Mahony
A. C. Hiested
Martin Moore
Eobert Neely
James Hcally
William O'Keefe..
Martin O'Brien...
William O. Ryan.
E. Hongson
James Tearney...
William Daly
John Claffy
Martin Kenny ...
James McCiragh...
J T. Jones
W. E. Murphy
Thomas Nounan .
Michael Hyland..,
Tehama sti-eet, between Eighth and
Ninth. *
Howard street.
Eighth street.
724 Eighth street.
Tehama street.
San Francisco.
711 (Clementina street.
Twelfth street.
Eighth and Howard.
Shipley street.
Seventh and Clementina streets.
Fourteenth and Mission.
Natoma street.
Natoma, between Fifth and Sixth.
Clementina.
Howard street.
do
San Francisco.
Corner Eighth and Natoma streets.
Corner Eighth and Howard streets.
Natoma, between Eighth and Ninth
33
Names.
Residences.
Frances McQuade.
Jiunes liuifhes
Jost'])h A. Fowler .
ilenry Murphy ....
James Doyle
Martin O'Neill
Jolin McGover ....
Jolin Kerr
John Cotiway
Michael Kennedy.
Thonnas Maroiiey.
James Kellv
John Kensella
Edward Monai^han.,
Montgomery Frank
Martin Murray
Charles Gillam
August Gunther
Daniel C Swett
John Kyan
Cliarlea Seibcrt
Peter Quinn
Philip Kodgers
John (^nail
William Nash
J. P. McMurray ...
Dennis B. Noonan.
Charles McCarty.,
M. D. Barron
Timothy Ijowney
George Ward
Michael Deane....
Jose])h Bagan
William Gough
R. D. Jenkins
Timoth}' Simon...
Jonn Ilarrup
J. M. Johnson
Thomas Murphy.
J. McGillicudy .."..
Charles E. Black.
M. V. Turner
Gaston Garrett...
John Hagan
John Dean
1047 Howard street.
Eiglilh and Howard streets.
604- Minna street
Folsom, above Ninth street.
1119 Howard street
2G Sumner street.
[Eighth str-et.
|l09 Eighth street.
.Mission street, near Twelfth,
do
Thirteenth street, between Howard
and Mission.
Mission, between Twelfth and Thir-
teenth streets.
Natoma, between Eighth and Ninth.
Ellen street.
Sumner street.
vSeventh arid Harrison streets.
Gardner street.
Howard street.
|286 Seventh street.
jDora and Bryant streets.
Sheridan street.
Seventh street.
Market and Brady streets.
'Eighth street, near P^olsom.
Mission, between Twelfth and Thir-
teenth streets.
1107 Howard street.
Seventh, between Harrison and Bry-
ant streets.
San Francisco
Stevenson street.
Natoma street.
Minna street.
Howard s'reet
Mission street.
Jessie street
Eighth and Howard streets.
2015 Hyde street.
Folsom street.
Rausch street.
Ninth street.
Bran nan street.
Howard street.
1208 Howard street.
San Francisco.
Corner Bush and Broderick.
114 Mayes street.
34
Names.
Thomas Power
M. Doody
J. M. Gillony
B. Dou<;licrty
William Barry
John Mc(Juire
Patrick Furlcy
M. Cooncy
W. C. Dorratice
John McBride
John Kyan .,,
Thomas F Donnely..
John K. O'Brien
James McDermott
Thomas Moore
Fenton Behan
Michael Byron
James Kelly
Patrick Donnelly
Maurice Herleh}- ,.
Patrick Conlin ,
Richard Brennan ....
Hugh Maguire
Michael J. Madden....
Hugh Molloy
.lohn DnflFey
John P. Crowley
Frances Miller
John Carey
William Downes
Timothy Murphy
Humphrey Gallagher
Patrick Carroll
Peter Quinn
Patrick McLaughlin.
Andrew Carrigan
Owen Meeann
John Mannion
John Corcoran
James Eodgcrs
T. <3. Conw'ay
Francis J. Byrns
Jame.s Daly
Timothy J. King
Charles O'Neill..'
George Kavanagh....
Peter McCarthy
Joseph Maher
DanieJ Meagher
Residences.
Fourteenth street.
16 Langton street.
9 Langton street.
San Francisco.
21 Eausch street.
Corner Gi'ove and Van Ness avenue.
San Francisco.
do
316 Eighth street.
San Francisco.
do
159 Shipley street.
Natouia, between Eighth and Nintii.
126 Page street.
Southeast corner Fell and O'Farrell.
1223 Mission sti'eet.
Northeast corner of Fifteenth and
Minna.
560 Stevenson street.
49 Mission.
Harrison, between Ninth and Tenth
1622 Mission street.
Mission street, between Eleventh and
Twelfth.
McAllister street.
Boyd street.
Twelfth and Howard streets.
32 flausch street.
304 Sixth street.
Sixth street.
Howard street.
O'Hara street. •
Hyde street.
Twelfth street.
Tehama street.
406 Seventh street.
do
Minna street.
Seventh and Natoma.
637 Minna street.
Natoma street, near Eleventh.
Mission street
ISan Francisco.
do
1212 Howard street.
412 Shipley street.
Hayes Valley.
South-west corner Dupont and Geary.
Corner Eighth and Br3'ant.
Natoma, between Eighth and Ninth.
do
35
Names.
Residences.
Ifugh McGraw
Paul Malloy
I). McBride
Edward Dunpby...
Thomas P. Wall....
Michael Warde
P. K. Ballinger
John K3TIC
James T. Noonau..
John McDonald ....
William Clark
John D. Conover...
Michael Donovan...
James Kenne_y
John Bolger
Daniel Brennan —
J. DriscoU
George Johnson....
Patrick Hughes....
James R. Smith....
Thomas J. Cleary.
James W. Buren
William Duffy
Patrick Maguire
William Conely
Owent Wright ,
John Barr
James E. Earb}-
James Butler
D. A. McKee ,.
John B. Dunn
Henry Gallagher
Owen Carroll
C. Daly
Joseph A. Galhigher.
B.Clark
John Sheehan
Patrick J. Fitzgerald.
Patrick Garve}'
Louis J. Heckmans...
Charles Murasky
Patrick Whelan".
John Kolla
F. Flanagan
C Flanagan
B. Lawlor
A. Bellinger
P. Fay
Lawrence Comyus....
Peter Lynch
Sherman street.
do
do
Northeast corner Br^-ant and Davis.
Natoma street.
Gilbert street.
do
Brannan street.
Corner Howard and Eighth streets.
466 Stevenson street.
25 Downey street.
34 Hayes street.
Fulton street.
657 Minna street.
Shiple}" street.
205 Eighth street.
Oak street.
121 Dora street.
Page street.
Market street.
Northeast corner Fulton and Octa-
via streets.
Minna street.
Stevenson street.
10 Cleaveland street.
252 Eighth street.
26 Clinton street
8 Garden street.
661 Minna street.
Howard street.
Sixteenth and Valencia street.
1114 Folsom street.
1412 Folsom street.
127 Second street.
11 Folsom street
St. Joseph's Church.
Dora street.
Sumner street.
18 Mar}' street.
Decatur street.
10 Turk street.
20 Langton street.
Tenth street.
268 Stevenson street.
924 Minna street.
do
7 Sumner street.
Gilbert street.
San Francisco.
Gilbert street.
Natoma street.
86
Names.
Residences.
Nicholas Sheerin
Edwjird W. Eutlodgc.
J. Liveriiast
William NeLtorvillo....
Matthew Nunan
William Butler
Thomas Clarke
Timothy Lomrcy ,
M. F. Callahan
John H. Canty..
H. P. Duffy
Henry Hillgcn ,
John Ballcntine ,
Albert Muller
P. H. Hink
Frederick Thiliren.
Thomas Flaherty....
R. Flynn
N. B. Welby
Martin Williamson.
Charles Schoff
Jareck Buray
Charles O'Hara
M. Curran
William Paf'e
Thomas Curran
John Mackon
Edward Gurgan....
H. Henr}- JDascher
Thomas C. Clancy..
Michael Carolan
James Kiley
Patrick Kcili^'
Leander Wintringer
James Ballings
Timothy O'Connor..
.N. Armeil & Martin ,
Patrick IJush
James Wink ,
John Ilird
John Simmons
II. Viroger
Andrew Doyle
John J Egan
H. Moffatt
M. lioljc
W. Spreen
Cleaveland street,
Natoma street.
Hayes street.
San Francisco.
do
do
Natoma street.
Clementina street.
Eighth street.
do
do
Corner Mission and Eiirhth streets.
Jessie street.
100 Eighth street.
Northwest corner Howard and
Eighth streets.
Corner Brannan and Clinton.
Geneva, near Brannan.
Corner Brannan and Sixth.
do
Brannan and Clinton.
Corner Clinton and Brannan.
Geneva street.
Clinton street.
Corner Clinton and Brannan streets.
Seventh street, between Brannan
and Townsend.
Brannan street, between Sixth and
Seventh.
Seventh street, near l^rannan.
Brannan street.
Soutiieast corner Brannan and Sev-
enth streets.
Southeast side of Perry street.
18 Clinton street.
Gilbert street.
1)21 Brannan street.
427 Sixth street.
Brannan street.
757 Bay street.
Corner P]ighth and Bi-annan.
Seventh and King.
Brjant avenue.
Corner Brannan and Eighth streets.
do
do
Corner Ninth and Brannan sLi-oets.
do
do
do
do
37
Names.
Residences.
\
David J. Hoey
T. C. Siiiimonds
iM. D. Collins
Henry Ilolje
Charles Mcsserve
Deidrich Witte
Henr}' Brokato
Adolpli Bortelscn
Ehler Weber
Clans Kriinek
John Mark ward
L. Wilkeus
F. H. Hughes
T. H. Meyer
John Gatke
Patrick McLaughlan.
Frederick Hertmanii.
George StewarL
Angnst Tliorne
James E. Benson
Dana K Merriani
J. W. Monroe
Edgar O. Twining
Joseph W. Dowll
Thomas Donnelly
Ch. H. Hoar !'
John King
M. C. Allen
M. C. Glover
Wm. Houston
'\Vm. Stowell
H. H. Carstrens
xVntonio Coneney
Cerefena Poi-gin
Dennis Cuff
J. Mulrooney
Richard Koach..
P McBrearty
D H. Coleman
Richard Brown
James Sheridan
J. McGillicuddy
John Collins
John C. Fieferts. Ji-...
John McDonald
J. Z. O in
Malo O'Brien ..
Sam. I^acy
Tony Lacy
Patrav Sheridon
J. C. Casey
Corner Ninth and Brannan streets.
Seventh street, near Brannan.
Ninth and Brannan.
504 Seventh street.
Corner Eighth and Brannan streets.
Corner Eighth and Bryant.
do
do
do
do
do
Corner White place and Bryant.
Corner Harrison and Eighth streets.
Corner Eighth and Brannan.
Corner White place and Bryant.
Bryant and Downe}' streets.
Corner Br3'ant and Dora streets.
Corner Clinton and Brannan.
Corner Sixth and Brannan streets.
Sixth street, below Brannan.
8i Harriet street, near Howard.
u49 Broadway.
5:i4 Sixth street.
Clinton street.
Clititon street.
Clinton street.
Gilbert street.
Clinton street.
Corner Seventh and Brannan streets.
Potrero.
do
Seventh and Brannan streets.
Gilbert, near Brannan.
Gilbert street, near Bryant.
Brannan street
do
do
do
{.'orner Brannan and Gilbert.
Brannan street.
do
do
Gilbert street.
Liberty street.
Gilbert street.
Brannan street.
Fell and Brannan.
Clinton street.
do
Geneva street.
Brannan street.
88
Names.
ResidcDccs.
Ludweg Islar
J 'hn Ryan
JamcH McClellan..
K. K. Luniierd ,
H. Bremer
H. Peterj'on
Henry Weiiat
Robert L. Lj-ell...
William H. Orr....
E. W. Dore
Timothy Collins...,
P. Browne
M. Diinion ,
J. McGoe ,
A. Caliill
Thomas Kenivan...
George Raleigh
Henrj- Zihn
Michael Doj-le
W. Disso
O. F Sanderson..,.
A. Hummel ,
F. Kronenberg
P. M. Ronna
John Nogetty
John Flood
J. W. Jourden
Daniel Greene
John Welby
John A. Dodge
A. T. Darb
Patrick Lombard...
Edward Rj-an
William M. Moore.
William Fourness.
James Ward
William Bailey
Henry Heitmar....
Martin Toors
Heinrich Muller....
Johan C. Brion
George Leslie
P. McAdams
John Ganon
Peter Donahue
John Cody
Lawrence Fahy....
Patrick Calahan....
Terinco Keriiis
Patrick Moran
David Carroll
Union place.
Sixth and Br3-ant.
Garden street.
Main and Harrison streets.
Bryant and Sixth streets.
Louisa street.
971 Harrison street.
Sixth street.
910 Harrison street.
927 Harrison street.
Twenty-seventh street.
Brvant street.
do
do
444 Sixth street.
do
do
do
Corner of Sixth and Brannan.
do
Page street.
Brannan .street.
do
Gilbert street.
Brannan street.
do
do
do
do
511 California street.
What Cheer House.
Sixth street.
do
do
do
Brannan street.
do
208 Brannan street.
Garden, Brvant.
do
9 (ylinton street.
Clinton street.
do
do
do
do
do
Corner Sixth and Brannan.
I>raiinan street.
Corner Seventh and Brannan.
Brannan street.
89
Names.
Residences.
Patrick E Fleming Brannan street.
John Gibson iSixtli street.
James DmUin jFolsom street.
Owen Pearce I Bryant street.
Jlol)ert Croskcy ! Mayes street.
L. Fitzgei-ald ;115 Franklin street.
Thomas Monahan Welj.ster street, corner Kate.
Charles F. Webslor {Corner Van Nessand Lynden streets.
Andrew San try 317 Lynden street.
William Ilohinson ^'I'do Hayes street.
Fantin White 347 Grove street.
John P. Maguire San Francisco.
H. Schrader {Grove and Gough streets.
H. G. Sieberst {San Francisco.
John L Ivoster do
B. A. Moore { do
Charles Phillips Illayes street.
H. M. Copeland.
A. P. Procureur
Joseph E. McGrath ...
H. Brommer
Irvin Howard
James Forre.-^t
Ole Berg.son
Matthew Trolly
W. T.Jarnes
A. G. Chamberlin
James Cameron
J. Washburn
E. Hulbert
J. M. Moreeno. M. D.
Edward T. Ackland.,
Charles K. Brecge
O. Klop])cnburg
James H. Cahill
W. H. Dingley
J. M. Lindscy
C. vSmith. Jr"!
James Wood
Hiram C. Hinds
F^dwin Pheips
William J. Walker..
Alexander H. Baily..
J. B. Carter .'...
Michael Wintcr.-^on ...
A. H. Mnlford
P. W. H. James
James T. Condrin....
T. L. Elliott
William Scott
S. A. Wenlworth
McAllister street.
Hayes street.
do
do
do •
do
Fulton street.
■San Francisco.
Hayes street.
Fell street.
Folsom street.
Fourth street.
San Francisco.
Haves street.
106" Hickory street.
112 Hyde street.
Franklin street.
Fulton Street.
140 Hayes street.
Joy street.
Hayes street.
Polk street.
343 Grove street.
Page street, near Devisidaro.
Fell street.
309 Fell street
Hayes street.
San Francisco.
Grove street.
Hayes street.
Filmore street.
Fell street, near Fianklin.
Grove street.
Haves street.
40
Names.
Residences.
Peter Connallv
Hugh McDoiial.i ...
James Casey
Thomas T. Carlisle
Thomas Cotincrs....
James Farley
Samuel Murphy
Patriolv BroLjcy
Bernard McArdlo..
Owen Brady
Peter Boylo
James McArdlo
John MeKeran
Thomas Graham....
Patrick Welsh
Jame.s Mooney
John Farron
James Toury
John J. Shchan
James Garvin
Marlv Hunt
John Conolan..!
Charles W. Pierce..
Dennis Lamer
William Dunn ,
E. Tracey
James ('lancy
Peter Hay den
William Coon
Bailey O. Braney ...
John Brady
John Ames
Cornelius Dorsey
Francis O'Neill
John .Smith
C/harlcs Galii^an
John Jli<f<riM.s
John ilenrv
S. Driscoll..".
J. A. ('ameron
James Hamilton
San F)-ancisco.
do
do
do
do
do ■
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
o'_'j!'. Stevenson street,
San Francisco.
do
|214 Broadway.
McAllister street.
5P>1 Natoma street.
1234 Bush street.
A\c 1 nr w ," ID Market Street.
Alfred W. Mace !g36 Clay street.
[Oil Minna street.
C. J. Morrison
?^^'^ IJ'^"^' ..::.;::;;::;:|i2i7 Poweii street.
James JJyan.
John Lunda [•>
Cha
San Francisco.
0 Rush street.
ries Ackerman iMcAllister and B
William II. L. Barnes
uchanan.
. ('osmopolilan.
Michael Whalen ^47 Third street
George Green
Patrick Creiffhton
1 109 Kearny street.
Mason street, near Union.
41
Names.
Residencea.
M. 1) Carr
M. Ullmenti
M. H. Turrell
John KcMiiiy
J. McCartv
W. E. Turner
Michael Fitzheiiiy
Daniel Gallagher..
John Law
Francis li Dealy...
M. S. O'Neii
James MclJurdy....
S. B. Alden
George W. Corbel!
Thomas J . Han by .
J. llahn
Thomas F. Casey...
Thomas Kicrnan....
J. S. Swan
S. Kiorden
Simon Hack ley....
M. Purcell
J. Brennan
George Con noil ....
M. A. McElkinny...
William H. Fobiir.
John Moroney
James F. Cahill ...
George Dougherty.
Philip McCardle."..
G. Marlin
John L. Young
Samuel H. Henr}'^ .
J. B. Kemp
J. L Smith
M. C. GoftVv
Thomas Walsh
Henry Walton
James Ohvell
Thomas Lennon
William P. Brent
James M. Sharkey, M. D.
J. H. Blood
A. Crai3Mllis
James H. Van Reed
L. Quint
Nunan
1016 Pine.
San Francisco.
2S06 Broadway.
724 Minna street.
Hayes Valle}'.
85 Clarice place.
517 Grove street.
San Francisco.
do
Presito Valley.
227 Second
Hayes Valley.
1108 Green.
San Francisco.
do
do
151 CMementina street.
41(3 Clementina.
San Francisco Chronicle.
112 Geary street.
104 Mission street.
Fifteenth and Valencia.
San Francisco.
Fourth and Stevenson streets.
Northwest corner Vallejo and Lar-
kin streets.
West End Homestead Association.
51 Fifth street.
232 Turk street.
436 Jackson street.
829 Stephenson street.
6174 Perry street.
Corner Ninth and Mission.
Attorney at law, 5272 Greenwich.
Corner Fourth and South.
144 Shipley street.
601 Kearny street.
21 Caroline street.
631 Merchant street.
Ninth street, between Market and
Mission.
827 Folsom.
1830 Jones.
Washington, corner Dupont.
24 Montgomery block.
734 Minna street.
NorthwcstcornerFifth and Howard.
1309 Mason street.
712 Folsom street.
42
Names.
Residences.
H. Schwartz
J. B. Pcnfield
John A. Card 111 ell.
Willijim Ruvy
D. P. Barstow
M. A. Wheaton
E. Caldwell
J. M. Scawell
Eugene N. Deupre}'
H. Q. Adams
J. II. Corwin
James McCabe
G. W. Granniss
D. C. Mayer,
H. D. Coggswcll.
A. C. Laree
Earl Bartlett
James II. Hardy
Peter Johnson
M. Bergin
J. Hartraan
M. Morzenthan
John Treat
E. P. Batchelor
Frank V. Scudder...
D. O. Kelley
R W. Eaton
J. K. Helen
Scwell J. Hardy, Jr.
Samuel Neall
William Hale
L. C. Gunn
H. W. Heath
J. J. Heath
W. H. Jesscys
J. B. Jcsseys
A. Mecartney
G. I). Hall
Charles A. Dudley .
George T. l^Jmay
John M. l^urnott
E. R. Carpcntier
B. A. Lawrence ,
James Daly
Patrick Bolger.
J. P. Hardy.
M. H. Jacobs
S. Simon
E. Rondel
728 Folsom street.
811 Vallojo street.
Valencia street, between Fifteenth
and Sixteenth.
do
San Fi-anciftco.
HOG Sacramento street.
Clinton street.
11 Montgomery block.
do
Southwest corner Sutter and Larkin.
824 Pacific street.
50 Montgomery block.
43 Montgomery block.
do
610 Front street.
67 jSfatoma street.
35 Montgomery block.
508 Second street.
Southeast corner of Twenty-fourth
and Bryant.
Montgomery block.
do
Stockton street.
Park or Twenty-fourth atreet.
10 Montgomery block.
631 Merchant street.
24 Court block.
204 Montgomery street.
do
636 Clay street.
Corner Franklin and McAllister.
932 Pacific street.
1709 Polk street.
503 Hayes Valley.
1617 Du])ont street.
212 Twelfth street.
do
609 J Howard street.
508 Diipont.
1078 Union street.
248 Fourth street.
1901 Polk street.
606 Washington street.
620 Washington street.
1212 Howard.
Boyd street.
San Fi-ancisco.
do
do
Fern avenue.
43
Names.
Residences.
H. Oilman
A. Ct. Fowler ...
G. W. Williams
James Gafney...
Joseph Baker
W. W. Doran
John Callahan
William II. Stanicls .
James Fitzu-erald ....
John Dammill
E. T. Bewly
Michael Coffey
Augustu.s Olbrethl....
John McFarland
Edmund Marks
John S. Smyth
H. D. Parker
P. Buckley ..;
M. Kelly
Daniel Himmelmann
Francis Donnelly
William M. Dowling.
John Bays
Thomas Ansbro
Robert L. Frean
Michael Feeny
J. D. Stevenson
P. Boyle
J. T. ilartwell
Henry Merrifield
W^illiam Manning —
John Bentz ,
James Adams
J. Tully
Edward Deady
H. B. Wagoner
P. Hanley
Williani C/armicliael .
Edward Groves
Eugene B. Drake
M Martin
John Nightingale
Johnson Chitlick
Andrew F. Ryan
Henry S. Dorland....
M. Miles
P. Kane
J F. Forrest.
W. H. Bovee.
1031 Montgomer}'.
718 Union.
San Francisco.
Pacific, between Jones and Leaven-
worth.
409 Green street.
1119 Pacific street.
216 High street.
Chi}" street.
111 William street.
Perr}' street.
923 Sutter street.
23 Jessie street.
1416 Tajior street.
44 Minna street.
Geary street.
3 Margaret place
703 Greenwich street.
Devisadero street.
Hayes Valley.
Fell street.
112 Kearny street.
Corner Broderick and McAllister.
825 Lark in street.
62 ^ Union street.
C<"»mmercial street.
Minna street.
Polk street.
San Francisco.
Polk street.
619 Kearn}' street.
513 Minna street
do
Larkin, near Turk.
Union and Sansome.
Fell street.
228 Tehama street.
Filbert street.
547 Natoma street.
Corner Church and Twenty-fourth.
Corner Lombard and Leavenworth.
Filbert street.
100 Turk street.
30 Russ street.
Vallejo street.
Northwest corner Dolores and Dor-
land streets.
82 Mar}' street.
20 Minna street.
719 Market street.
1515 Powell/ street.
44
Names.
ResidoDcca.
H. S. Baldwin
Alfred Clarke
C. Mahony
John Murphy
L. Iloacli
William P. Scott..,
J. Mulholland
K. S. Clyde
J. II. Benson
Samuel Piatt
John Cunninorliam.
David Shanahan...
V\^. H. Norton
Michael Giblin
James May
William Kennedy.
Georire Eo-frletin.
D. B. Hughes
G. 11. Manchester
Thomas F. Convers
James M. Taj-lor
John Lanigan
John Doj'le
James H Rockford ....
William Galloway
I). J. Murphy
James Phclan
William Jameson
James Feeny
P. II. Ilaller
William Barry
James Galbraith
J. D. Aherne
J. W. Bacheldcr
H. Schulbe
John Lynch
Francis Malhn'
James Melloy
W. M. Kelby
John iJunlap
John Conway
D. Sweene}^
William II. Spencer
P. Cummins
Jatnes Conlin
G. VV. Douglas
Thomas T. Kingsberry
Raymond M. Silvcy
John Russell
J. W. Owen
609 Sutter street.
1423 Howard.
Jackson and Leavenworth.
408 Seventh.
Clementina street.
538 Union street.
Filbert street.
625 Merchant street.
Park avenue.
628 Merchant street.
318 Minna street
1605 Kearny street.
Corner Franklin and Austin streets.
Leavenworth street.
222 Clara street
78 Natoma street.
Chestnut street.
1622 Howard street.
Oakland
452 Sixth street.
Larkin street, near Washington.
San Francisco.
430 Clementina street,
1908 Powell street.
San Francisco.
do
Harrison.
Corner Dupont and Yallejo streets.
Corner Hyde and Green streets.
San Francisco. *
Natoma street.
45 Church street.
Corner Taylor and Dale.
1125 Powell.
769 Folsom.
18 Taylor street.
Lombard.
Constitution.
125 Turk street.
21 Stevenson street.
Vincent.
Si.xth and 13rannan.
306 Folsom.
1214.] Fosom.
Corner Franklin and Pine.
Howard street.
149 Perry street.
Post, between Broderick and Baker.
1025 Pacific street.
533 Kearny.
45
Names.
"Residences.
Charles Malloy
A. Lessing
O. D. Boyd
John Bell
D. McCarthy
"Walter P. Brackett....
A C. Disirins
H. M. Lewis
C. P. Duane
IIut;h Duffv
W. D. Sawyer
D. A. de Groot
Jacob D. Wolbero
H. Doyle
Thomas Cunningham.
John N. Peterson
M. Smith
J. C. Muri)hy
J. J. Murphy
Geor<i;e S. King
S. D.^Taylor
P. Donohue
J. F. Brockhage
A. Booty
A. Browning .
A. P. Dudley
James MoNamara
John J. Purcell
J. Brook
L. Curry
Julius Finch
C. E. B. Home
R. D. Stiles
Thomas McTernan....
Albert S. Evans
Thomas O'Shea
Patrick Barrv
P. F. Duane...".
T. McGinnis
R S Worth
B. S. Squires
William Little
P. McAtee
G. H. Collins
James L Martcl....
F. H Waterman .. .
H. C. Boyd
M. F. McKenna
Leopold Englandcr.
'Tehama street, between Eighth and
1 l^inth.
21 Powell street.
709 Greenwich street.
Jones street.
Buchanan and Page.
ToO Union street.
Sutter, near Broderick.
655 Cla}- street.
San Francisco.
70i5 Broad wa}^.
Police Judge.
Sixteenth and Potrero.
Ill William street.
Ridley street.
318 Minna street.
410 Tehama street.
Green street.
1418 Geary street.
Polk and Broadway.
1227 Green.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
Jackson and Leavenworth.
1078 Union street.
58 Minna street.
18 Tehama street.
550 N atom a.
San Francisco.
821 Kearny street.
652 Chestnut street.
o4 Harriet street.
31 Commercial street.
South side Green, near Leavenworth
608 Fell street.
68 Market street.
Southeast corner Sacramento and
Jones.
Sixteenth and Capp street.
Clay street, near Polk.
Jones street.
First street, corner Brannan.
13 Mission street.
911 Bush street.
420 Ellis street.
>anta Cruz County.
504 Sansom.
162 Clara street.
Turk street.
40
Names,
Residences.
A. J. Ottman
Christian Burp hards...
Christopher Coyrrc
T. Macauk'y
J. Mums
William Bates
Michael Guile}-
James Galbraith
Thomas Louifhran
Thomas James
Artiuir Quinns
John Daly
John Duff
William H. Khodes....
James Rogers
P. R. Hanna
Michael Clancy
Jsaac Barnott
Charles Goldstone
M. Funnel! ...
Robert P. Smith
J. S. Rouen
Wesley Diggins
A. E. McGregor
John Deutscher
John McGrery
E. Herman
Lawrence Carey
L. S. Clark
Jaraes MoKenna
Mathew Stickern
N. McDonald
M. C. Conny
William Cohn
Bartholomew Crowlo}''
E. A. Atwood
Eugene LjMich
Robert Smith
Thomas Braden
Martin P. Hanson
H McMullen
John S. Smyth
J. W. Wesson
John Cooney
Edward Dolan
M. Murray
Edward Buckley
Eugeiie Murra}'
Washington avenuo.
Pacific street.
625 Merchant street.
San Francisco
do
Southeast corner Harrison and
Chcslcy.
28 Townsend.
45 Church street.
Hicksville, Sacramento County.
San Francisco Bay.
Mission Dolores.
Wiiat Cheer House.
728 Shotwell street.
Valencia, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth.
Corner Stockton and Vallejo.
Corner Columbia and Twenty-fourth
Jessie street.
Minna street.
121 Perry street.
Sixteenth street and First avenue.
G05 Montgomery street.
918 Washington.
Sutter street, near Broderick.
Dolores, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth.
Twenty-third street.
Green street.
440 Third street?
57 Shiplc}' street.
1221 Polk street.
Third street.
25 Mission street.
Walsh street.
1912 Mason street.
79 Everett street.
Treat avenue.
1806 Mason street.
150 Shiple}- street.
jl6 Stevenson street.
Pierce and Turk streets.
!San Fraticisco.
I do
j8 Mai-garet place.
Corner Green and Polk.
|417 Powell street.
I Van Ncs.s avenue and Joy street.
I2O Sumner street.
|907 Clay street.
I First avenue.
47
Names.
Residences.
Charles D. York 570 Minna istrect.
James Dunne !S17 iMurUot street.
John J. Dixon \d'l Clary street.
Charles Waters ifilS Larkin street.
C. P. Kobinson iSan Francisco.
M. L. Citron ;30 John street.
A. Shepard 812 Fill)ert.
A. Lambiirth.
J. Zorkath
Matthew Blair
.Josepli Windrow
John L. Gray
John L. Green
Thomas H. Holt
J. S. Dyer
J. B. Case
Michael McCaull
Thomas Casey
Mons S. LeKzvnskv ...
G. K. Urkiit •" "
James Branrin ,
Thomas A. Jjane
Thomas Prince
James Herbert
Lawrence O'Kourke..
James Dingily
Hcnr}' T. Ai-mstrot!g.
Peter Tolan ".
Thomas Ganar
J. M. Surface
Martin Funnell
B. S Duncan
B. P. Grelley
John Ri'own
James Glinn
Z. Herbert
M. Mulloy
John Small
Hugh McDonald
T h 0 mas Doj- 1 e
James Casey
P. Carmoly
Thomas S. Carlisle
James McArdle
Matthew M nrphy
S. ('. pjrown
William Smith
IT Bragg
W. Brady
Spencer Long
Southeast corner Minnesota and
Mariposa streets.
San Francisco.
Haight street.
Harrison and Navy.
San Francisco.
do
1803 Stockton street.
San Francisco.
do
6ol Green street.
217 Third street.
l-i-5 Natoma street.
55 .Second street.
46 Louisa sireet.
Eddy street, near Scott.
812 Ellis street.
Mission.- ,
Mission and Brady streets.
Mission,
do
do
do
do
Twentieth street.
Sixteenth.
San Francisco.
Seventeenth and Mission.
Fourteenth.
Mission.
Ridley street, Mission.
Market street.
Howard street, Mission.
Mission.
,do
Market street.
Fourteenth street, Mission.
vSan Francisco,
do
do
do
do
do
do
48
Names.
Residences.
M. Schwab
S. M. Atkins
A. D. Jackson
H. C Green
W. Green
F. B. nellcoii
Henry F. Waller
James Ferguson
Jerry Sullivan
M. Coyle
P. C. O'Brien
Henry Sliemel
John Hencry
Patrick Grant
Hugh Kiernan
Dick Turpin
Thomas Kay
William ( .' o r c o r e
Thomas Hays
A. B. Bire
John Green
Huj'h Ceege
Thomas King
J. H. Sherman
J. G. Farren
J. Skehane
James G. McCleery. ..
Frederick Horstman
Frank Burns
F. Hund
T. Kempner
M. Ditters ..
S. Solomon
P. Schwerdt
P. Kaily
J. R. Mogan
George E n ten m an
Louis Pi'obst
Adam Techier
F. Greincr
L. Adler
John Agnew
John J. Agnew i
S. Brasacker
John P. Schmitz
John E. Loe
Thomas J. McCully
H. V. Kedington
A. McAlistei"
A. H. Wetrey
Charles H. tozcr
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
Howard street.
Erie street.
Hayes Valley.
Mission street.
Hayes Valley-.
Mission.
329 Broadway.
727 Folsom street.
o45 Second street.
71 Thirteenth street.
29 First street.
22 Second street,
29 Ohio street.
741 Market street.
743 Broadway.
Stevenson street.
Eddy street.
Eighth and Clara streets.
Mission, corner JNinth.
Ninth street.
Mission.
Minna and Fifteenth streets.
341 Minna street.
436 Jessie.
Minna street. •
Stevenson street.
Tehama street.
Market street.
Shipley street.
Stevenson street.
Sixth street.
32 Sixth street.
Sixlli street.
26 Sixth street.
22 Sixth street.
36 and 38 Sixth street.
508 Jessie street.
.512^ Jessie street.
1032 Market street.
Sixth street,
do
do
Stevenson street.
Sixth street.
21 Sixth street.
49
Names.
Residences.
M. Stepper
Ch. Taubert
H. W. Helms
F. Victor
M. Me3'er
R Abraham
John Filzpatrick
John Jlui^hes .
Vak'ntine Sherman....
Thomas Prosbrold ....
Ernst Ebi-rhardt
Gaspar (larnoau
John Qiiirin
Jacob Breiling
S. Hannlt
B. L. Stone
John Ilogan
Christian liuppel
Edward Wenzei
Hermann Wenzei
Frederick Vollmer ....
J. W. Coleman.....
John Cosgrove
C. S. Rouse
E. F. Gendar
John Manly
Patrick Hagar
John McCart}-
John Masterson
William McMenom\-..
B. F. Ames
F. W. Gibbons
H. Linahs
C. Brun
Richard Colbourn
John Qiiinn
A. Warnei-
A. Cohn
Denis Boneer
Wilh. Keller
C. A. Brummer
Simon Bruml
Ernest E. Laukerlach.
John Frese
W. E Turner
Frank Culbertson
P. Abrahamson
S. Appel
M. Zillen
42 Sixth street.
.Sixth street.
100 Sixth street.
Corner Sixth and Mission street.
Soiilh west corner Mission and Sixth.
44 Sixth street.
102 Sixth street.
(.^orner Fourth and Jessie streets.
102 Sixth street.
106 Sixth street.
100 Sixth street.
Sixth street.
San Francisco.
9G5 Mission street.
Sixth street.
do
McAllister street.
518 Jessie street
513 Jessie street.
515 Jessie street.
048 Mission street.
San Francisco.
1(167 Market.
572 Minna street.
San Francisco.
Stevenson street.
San Francisco.
Stevenson street.
522 Stevenson street.
524 Stevenson street.
541 Stevenson street.
513 Stevenson street.
24 Sixth street.
521 Jessie street.
Union and Calhoun.
518 Green street.
San Fi-ancisco.
do
Hansa Hotel.
do
do
do
17 Stockton place
425 Bush street.
310 Commercial street.
4i3 Bush street.
1022 Hyde street.
521 Stevenson street.
768 Howard.
50
Karnes.
Residences.
p Mariz OlcmtMitina.
G. Lciynitz Hush street.
Louis kooifel ^19 Stockton street.
Joseph IJarbcr 2040 IJush street.
G. Kemnie 419 iJush street.
S Ijittcl 'j*^G Folsom street.
(jaronte 401 Bnsli.
Louis Frincko 417 Bush.
A. Gurstz j502 Sutter.
T. Oppcnheimer 2:^'-^ Kearny.
M. T. Scitner 319 O'Farrcll street.
Fredrik Goodman
('arlos F. Glein
Lucas Schallick
Louis Imhaus
P. Lewis
Louis A. Imhaus
Bmile I Imhaus
Auirust F. Eisen
P. B. Schmidt
Small & Vaujj^hen ..
A. Wingood
William II. Ay era..
A. Dennoe
W. McDermott
Peter J. Hogan....
Timothy Scully ....
Ezra (3. Crokcr
Smith Kamsdell....
Thomas McGuire...
John Murphy
James Holland
Fredrick Horn
James Powers
R. B. Dockroy
John Hickey
W. Christmas
F. W. Hogan
Peter O'liourk
James Barrett
John (/Unningham.
<Jeorgc Evens
Micliael (xorhc}'...
Kobert Pyre
James Darcy
J. F. lleilly
John Scully
R. Lawson
Michael Killian
412 Post street.
Kearny street.
Broadway.
iin Mason.
San Francisco.
434 Calirornia.
.317 Kearny.
Northwest corner Grove and Frank-
lin streets.
Haight. between Gough and Octavia
24()'Third street.
1027 Clay street.
Potr :ro.
Sutter street.
First street.
Mission street.
246 Second street.
13 Sutter street.
246 Third street.
84 Folsom street.*
Third street
Hubert street.
646 Folsom street.
322 Third street.
35 Louisa street.
Third sti-eet.
Corner Harrison and Main street.s.
351 First i-trect.
246 Third street.
318 (Clementina street.
Minna street.
223 Third street.
Froelon street.
Clementina street.
Tehama street, between Third and
Fourth.
252 Third street.
246 Third street.
Davis and Clark streets.
248 Tehama street.
51
Names.
Residences.
Owen Mallon
Thomas McCort
Michael xMooney
Owen Bun no
Bartlcy Golden
John Dome}-
J A. Ma3hew
Hugh McXuIty
Geo B. Hi<fi^inbotham
J. G. M. Call
Walter Rebar
James Jackson
H. M. Sleeper
Shan the Breheon
James Karragan
William McDede
William Dugan
Charles W. Nj'strom
Daniel Innis
Charles McLaughlin
E. B. l^ewell
H Donohue
James Corr}^
Peter Crookshank
H. H Bell, agent for J. G. McCall
Samuel McGinn is
H. McCord
James Gibb
John Harrington...
James Golding
Theophilus Bertram
H. F. Murph}'
J. D. Evans
T. Albert
James Fox
John Jenninjrs
William Henry
Edward Flanagan
H. Steele
James M. Anthony
H. Burggemann
P. fl. Jones
Thomas Huckins
Clinton Winter
John J. Brady
John C. Corbett
G. F. Petrarchie ,
James B. Chalmers
A. Flood
Thomas A. Scott
R. W. Dunn
113 Tehama street. '
Rolling Mills. Potrero.
Jackson street.
30 Montgomery street.
59 Stevenson street.
Tehama street.
San Francisco
Barry street.
812 Howard street.
Tennessee.
516 Mission street.
28 Silver street.
207 Tehama street.
29 Clara street.
Mission Creek.
Potrero.
Russ House.
1 Bayley Place.
San Francisco.
224 Fourth street.
71 Natoma street.
San Francisco.
do
do
Charirii'< circus.
Skunk's Misery.
San Fran<'isco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
606 Battery street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Tehama street.
Hardie place.
San Francisco.
52
Kameto.
Residences.
Cornelius Murpl»y....
Jaines ('on way
William lirooks
.1. W. Wright
Robert Moore
I). Cox
H. Stebins
Thotnas Doyle
P. Ilitcll
William E. Carlisle...
.J . L. Isaacs
J. W. Curbworth
C. J. Win^^ertcr
Charles G. Noyes
Peter Dempsey
W. H Grattan
William Simon
James J. Jones
L. Ponton do Arce ...
Thomas Penlington..
Timothy FitzputricU
E. B. Clement
Geortje R. Lawson....
John M. Jarboe
S. W. Doggett
Elijah Case
Charles D. Gushing.
Carl Kruger
William Brown
Ludwig Cleb
James (/. Weir
John McDonald
Irwin Haniia
H. L. King
W. S. Havens
S Dickinson
William Oliver
E. Bonnell
K. Carmany
J. A. Morgan
Joseph Spinney
Benjamin O. Devoe.
Catbarina Meyer..
A. E. Tcmmorcy..
A. H. Kutherf'ord.
William Gaynor...
John T. McCauly
W. W. Stone
William Quinn
Lark in street.
San Francisco.
Suttoi- street.
Sansom street.
Uaueh street.
Post street
Moss street.
121 Post street.
San Francisco.
515 Kf.'arn}' street.
902 Diipont.
Union and Buchanan.
224 Stockton street
422 Montgomery street.
436 Jackson street.
Southwest corner Pierce and Haight.
2015 Hyde street.
Uriion and Leavenworth.
626 Sacramento street.
1242 Howard street.
511 Minna street.
616 Greenwich street.
Webster street, between Sutter and
Post.
917 Pine street.
5 6 Washington street.
South San Francisco.
706 California street.
6 16 2 Pelie street.
Welsh street.
976 Howard street.
840 Mission street.
341 Jessie street.
Montgomery House.
1002 PovvelTstree-t.
205 Taylor street.
76 Natoma street.
532 Green street.
708 Taylor street.
621 Clay street.
32 Minna street.
San Francisco.
Northeast corner Sacramento street
and Prospect place.
507 Chestnut street.
do
419 Sutter street
227 Perry street.
103 Silver street.
101 1 Mason streot.
518 Groon street.
53
Names.
Residences.
J. V. Meagher
D Courneeii
Il'jgh Coyle
Mieliael Hayes
John F. Jordan
W i 1 1 i a m Wee vo r
(.^harles McVickcr ,
James Herbert ,
John Mahon
Hii^h Reilloy
MarciiH Dohcrty
Daniel McBrearty
Hugh McCaffiy
Charley Bernhoff.
I^awrence Eyan
Christopher Hamilton
Edward F. Murphy
Robert Giles..
D. Callaghan
Joseph Norton
J. Ijouis Schrffider ,
William T. Higgins
B. Stone
James McP^lroy
Thomas Carey ,
l^atrifk Murphy ,
John Harrington ,
Patrick O'Farrell
L. Alexander ,
James Messan
James Magingan
Merley Vernon
H. Sehwepin ,
O. Poschvvitz
August Koehler
John B. Griffith ,
D. Dally
Edward Fanning
Adolph Schroeder
James Huyden ,
James Gillfeather
Richard Dogget ,
M. A. Clarke
E. Dewitt
G. Mulloy
O. J. Preston ,
John Turnbull
P. A. Kernan
Henry J. Price ,
John Kloos
61 Minna street.
135 Natoma street.
Ridley street.
Fifteenth and Howard streets.
Drum in street.
Broadway and Dupont.
■J57 Perry street.
Mission and Fourteenth streets.
2 Zoe street.
Pot;ei'0.
629 Merchant street.
644 Sacramento.
2 Russell street.
Kearny and Filbert.
4 Calhoun street.
Hinckley street
Jessie street.
Folsom street.
Corner Howard and Fourteenth
streets.
Corner Plk and Pacific.
Washington street.
109 Montgomery' street.
Antonio street.
1427 Mission street.
Lombard.
442 Natoma street.
267 Stevenson street.
Scotland.
Sixteenth street.
733 Market street.
Leavenworth.
812 Stockton street.
San Francisco.
do
528 Green street.
512 Linden street.
San Francisco.
Cestnut street, near Powell.
Alameda.
Market street.
Pacific street.
Mission street.
408 Natoma street.
1436 Mission street.
Corner Mission and Eleventh streets.
1431 Mission street.
Corner Minna and Third.
Fa^'ette House.
1427 Natoma street.
Corner Eleventh and Natoma.
54
Names.
Residences.
M. Joost & Co
James Kelly
K. 8. Thayer
John McLean
Jacob Brems
Andrew Turner....
R. Draper
Robert Shea
Robert Mclntyre...
George McDonald.
W. B. Perry
James A. Johnson....
James T. Williamson
Alexander S. Steiger
E. Beckmann
William Frederick....
J. S. Currie
John Satchwell
John Fieker
S. W. Creigh
Thomas Walsh
M. H. Kelly
E. Rankin
T. Hordneit
M. Car}' ,
P. Mitchell
D. Hurley
F. Freddrick
T. Freddrick
Patrick Heale3^...
F. G. Iloldcn
J. McMullin
L Cowan
C. Cowan
T. Morrison
B. Nicholson
John Nicholson
T. P. Johnson
W. Brown
M. McNamara
D. Learer}-
Thomas F. Casidy.
William Farly
L. L. Horigan
P. Horigan
T. McDiarest
William Diaron....
F. Martin
Tom McGuiro
Corner Eleventh and Mission streets.
San Francisco
I486 Mission street.
1427 Mission street.
Corner Thirteenth and Mission.
San Francisco.
41 Eleventh street.
2 Lafayette street.
18 Lalayelte avenue.
South side Minna, between Tenth
and Eleventh.
Dry Dock.
Howard street.
Folsom. near Tenth street.
Dry Dock, Hunter's Point.
Eleventh and Mason streets.
20 Clementina street.
1515 Mission street.
Minna, between Tenth and Eleventh
streets.
San Francisco.
1514 Mission street.
Sixteenth and Second avenue.
Noe street
do
Seventeenth street.
do
Noe street.
Seventeenth street.
Sixteenth street. •
do
do
Seventeenth street.
Camp street.
do
do
do
Sixteenth street. '
do
Guerrero street.
do
do
Guerroro street.
Sanchez street.
do
Noe street.
do
do
do
Dolores street.
do
00
Names.
Residences.
T. McNab
James Ljnch
William Jj^/nch
Thomas Fogarty ...
James l)f)ney
William Hurley
J. M. Hubbard
C. H. Conucll
A. T. Tiiilcham
P. E. Farrell
Hugh Brodic
Harry V. Bennett
J. Ense}-
J. H. Ensey
A. F. Ensey
John H. Gernon
A. Malanv
William F.Thomas.
J. B. Herbert
(Jliarles Batmer
Z. S Sweet
P. B. Herber
T. Wilson
John H. Brown
John D. Allen
Lemuel Langee
James Smith
John W3'man
W. Herisley
J). K. Pollock
Lemuel SanyuU
Edward Vallely
A. J. Campbell
A. J. Allen
Thomas Regan.
A. M. Shear...
K. A. Allen
H. G. McCormick.
Elani Neuman
John Kennedy
John H. Gernon
Geoi'ge W. Pen ni man.
John Craman
Frank K. Brad lee
Mission street.
Twentieth street.
do
do
Sanchez street.
do
Corner Thirtieth and Old Taylor.
Corner Valencia and Sixteenth.
Corner Valencia and Fifteenth.
Corner Valencia and Sixteenth.
San Francisco.
Fir<t avenue, between Fifteenth and
Sixteenth streets.
Alabama, between Twenty-second
and Twenty-third.
do
do
Sixteenth street.
Valencia street.
Valencia street, near Sixteenth.
Mission street.
Between Sixteenth and Valencia.
Sixteenth and Mission.
do
Fifteenth and Dora.
Seventeenth street.
Sixteenth street.
California street.
Folsom street.
Seventeenth street.
Eighteenth street.
do
San Francis('o.
Montgomery court.
do
Harriet street, between Fifteenth
and Sixteenth.
52 Shipley street.
Corner Fifteenth and Mission streets.
Valencia street, between Fifteenth
and Sixteenth.
Junction of Market and Valencia
streets.
Valencia street, between Sixteenth
and Seventeenth.
Sixteenth street.
do
do
do
Valencia street, between Fifteenth
and Sixteenth.
56
Names.
Residences.
John T. O'Brien Si.xteentli street.
James Youni^ Harriet street, between Fifteenth
! and Sixteenth.
P. Smith Valencia street, between Fifteenth
and Sixteenth.
P. C. O'Farrell San Francisco.
Francis J. McGovern Sixteenth street.
Charles A. Fowler i do
Thomas Byrne | Mission.
C. B. Donaldson \ do
William II. Harrington • do
M. J. Costello do
M. Hopkins
John Piatt
William Rantint
Patrick Shields
Thomas Cusack
William Lee
J. W. Harville
M. Creamer
J. E. Henry
Henry H. Whitcomb
Robert Hettres
James Donally
E(Jward Sweney
John Dover
Bernard McPique ,
Peter Ward
J. D. Bartlett
do
do
San Francisco.
Sixteenth street.
Mission.
do
Valencia street, between Sixteenth
and Seventecntli.
do
704 Market street.
Mission Dolores.
do
do
do
do
do
Nineteenth and Noe streets.
Eiiihteenlh and Dolores streets.
P. F. Ward ! Douglas street, betwcej) Eighteenth
! and Nineteenth.
Seventeenth and Mission.
Sherman street, near Eighteenth.
ijo Jessie street.
Mission.
Robert Greer
P. H. Crecdon
Henry Jiolitig
Malachy Norton
William McCarty Mi.^sion Dolores.
A lax art Frason San Fran ci s co.
Henry IJarmester j do
Darius A. Taylor jSeventeenth and Dolores.
C. Duvenech [Dolores street.
John Furlong j Mission Dolores.
Hiram Carkan San Kranciseo.
Michael Begley ' do
Patrick Carrcll Buchanan street.
William Eagan.. Second avenue, between Sixteenth
and Seventeenth.
J. W. Holmes [Second avenue, lietween Sixteenth
I and Seventeenth.
Matthew O'Brien [Second avenue, between Sixteenth
I and Seventeenth.
0<
Names.
William Rankin..
John McXamara.
George 0'('onnor.
John O'Connor..
John Difknian....
C. G. Mt-Clusk(3y.
William Moore....
S. H. Stafford, Jr,
.lames Bole
William Shelly.
Thomas Byrne.
Charles Chase.
Michael McCarthy
Peter Faral
Michael Fa nil
J). N. Delay
Thomas Gibbons.
Austin Gibbons
Thomas Hamnion...
O. H. Clancy
W. Torssetest
B. Simpson
James D. McNuliy..
William J. Gassert ..
David Hunter
James Hanly
William Cline
John Coins
D. C. Preston
William H. Yesseys
Laur'Tice O'Ronrke
William Knowlton...
C. II Cordes
W H. Knowltor)
Geortce Goodrum. ...
Residences.
Louis Baverinan.
John Mulvaiiey..
William KoUins .
M. L. Iloi^an
John Duggan
Valencia street.
Corner Valencia and Sixteenth.
.58 Minna street.
do
130 Mission street.
First avenue.
Valencia, between Fifteenth and
Sixteenth streets.
Valencia, between Fifteenth and
Sixteenth streets.
Sanson! street.
San Francisco.
Howard street.
Second street, between Howard and
Folsom.
Sixteenth street, between Valencia
and Guerrero
Tiiirteenth street, between Valencia
and Mission.
Ridley, between Valencia and Mis-
sion.
Valencia, between Fifteenth and
Sixteenth streets.
Valencia, between Fifteenth and
Sixteenth.
San Francisco.
xMission Dolores.
Sixteenth street.
Ninth and Mission.
Ninth street.
Ninth and Mission.
Ninth street,
do
do
Natoma street.
San Francisco.
Nalonui street, near Fourth.
212 Twelfth street.
Mission.
Corner Howard and Twelfth.
Lafayette street.
Thirteenth street.
Twelfth street, between Howard
and Mission.
119 Montgomery street.
418 Cleinentina street.
9G9 Harrison street.
Corner Sixteenth and First avenue.
Sixteenth street.
58
Names.
P. Tiiggart
J. F Crowly
Thomas Brady
Michael Koarke
James Butler
James C Dum
Matnicc Kinne\'..
Michael ]). Ready....
James Smith
S. F. Smith
S. Simon
Z. Peters
John Levy
Henry Lion
Leopold Hamburger.
M. Breslaner
S Eaphael
M. Wolff.
L. Marks
Nathan Levy
Julius Chamansk^'....
Julius Clethnelean ....
S. Fekner
L. S. Levy
M. Hampel
F. Selignor
L. Elias
B. M. Blum
Mrs. M. E. Tittel
CI. Muller
M. Davis
Thomas Wharton ....
H. Hcuck
F. Stenssj
S. Hemmelman
Joseph Marks
J A. Marks
Aaron Marks
F. Yslas
D. Barkhaus
H. W. Hagermann
Nicholas Yung
J. A. Campbell
Michael Hartnctt
H. Thomas Burrows.
H. Steinhoff
J. F. Schroder
F. Lemme
L. Breidenstein
H. Haesch
H. Deutsch
Residences.
Columbia and Eighteenth street.
do
353 Clementina street.
Clementina.
Sixteenth street,
(.'orner Sixteenth and Mission.
Sixteenth street.
Seventeenth street.
Sixteenth street.
Dorland street.
S28 Folsom street.
35 Clara street.
Kearny street.
70S Green street.
Clementina street.
St. Nicholas.
430 Kearny street.
n5 Gear}' street.
266 Geary street.
264 Stevenson street
25 Drumm street.
Corner Sixth and Jessie streets.
824 Jackson street.
930 Folsom street.
Pine street.
1226 Dupont street.
829 Greenwich street.
824 Jackson street.
417 Bush street.
6 Clara street. •
252 Perry street.
6 Harlem place.
233 Kearny street.
1185 Lardner.
First avenue, Mission.
532 Mission.
do
do
San Francisco.
10 Turk street.
9 Washington street.
1203 Taylor street.
651 Saci-amento street.
(!.'orner Howard and First.
427 Bush street.
425 Bush street.
478 Jessie street.
Geary street.
1200 Kearny street.
1216 Clay street.
I217 Mason street.
59
Names.
H. II. Knibbe
Williiim McDowell..
Jolii) Brewster
Henry Bailey
Willitim Green
II. Zacharias
Tobias Stolz
Frank Spiller
K. Levj-
Charles Hess
A. Cone3'
M. H. Licbtenstein
J. Abrahamson
M. Brandhofer ,
G. Lewis
Louis Lissner
L. Ebrlisb.
Kappel & Piatt
W. VViese
Jacob Cohen
Harris L. Rosenblum.
John Bach
Chi-istian Mossemann.
John Oi-am
Adam Mail
Peter Antlies
Charles Pleischnnan....
K. Lankenau
John G. Helm
M. Mansfield
Matel P. Hill
H, Bruns
Feelin Koon
P. P Thrash
E. Hyams
Ch. Seitz
Henry Edwards
Philip Krull
Anthony Kuh
J. Lowenthein
E. Johnson
C. L. Luniewski
T Ephraim
C. Meierdierks
W. Paper
H. Gurthwaite
A. Ileineberg
M. Lewis
T. Guibchus
William Setwoeder..,.
Rosidences.
517 Jessie street.
(U4 Pine street.
520 Kearny street.
454 Jones street.
534 Kearnv street.
do "
532 Kearny street.
417 Montgomery street.
951 Folsom street.
519 Kearny street.
Van Ness avenue, between Clay and
Washington.
1024 Hyde street.
602 Montgomery street.
513 Kearny.
409 Kearny street.
do
13 Everett street.
401 Kearny street.
1059 Mission street.
711 California street.
538 Ellis street.
325 Kearny street.
436 Kearny street.
113 William street.
13 Geary street.
315 Kcarnj' street.
10 Central place.
225 Sutter street.
411 Bush street.
825 Post street.
225 Kearny street.
125 Fourth street.
929 Kearny street.
San Francisco
227 Sansom street.
515 Ellis street.
216 Stockton street.
837 Mission street.
411 Bush street.
120S Stockton street
206 Bush street.
331 Kearny street.
18 Sansom street.
100 Post street.
do
405 Post street.
7 Seventh street.
677 Market street.
6 Clara street.
1338 Bush street.
60
Namesi
ReaideDcos.
Max Cohrilieim
L. Lenjrfeld
F. W. hai-Uliuus
E. Znhicrolie
B. Kotliscliild
L. P. Frank
John W. Haynes
A. Stiles
J. R. Wharton
P. Belkowski
Adam Smitli
Carl Aetenhurg
yndrew Foulds
Kobert Rolstoon
T. A. Dohrrnann
Jan Betkowski
A. E. llartmann
Lemuel Brothers
Charles B. Young
John Savage
George B. Seidensticker,
John A. fiiepe
Edward Zcitfuchs
John Schumacher
Ferdinand Engcl
Ernst Thielc
Charles Grancr
Carl Akham
Isaac H3'dc
E. J. Tiffany
John J. Wail
C. L. Harvy
M. Farael . ..
John P. Gaynor
A. Thayer
G. Dawson
James O. Dean
Samuel A. Cbapin
N. Simonds
F. C. Woodbury
F. Dewing
Robert McJllroy
James Phelan
W. S. llobart
James G. Carson
E. F. Northam
William Blackwood
J. H. Kcige
Ivory RoBH
Elizabeth W. Phillips....
A. Van Nordcr
869 Mission street.
414 Post street.
502 Stockton street.
104 Post street.
9o5 Folsoni street.
108 Hyde street.
Corner Twenty-fourth and Bartlott.
4 Union place.
Bi-ooklyn, Alameda County.
23 Silver street.
[515 Sacramento street.
I do
228 Folsom street.
do
20 Folsom avenue.
102 Broadway.
108 O'Farrell street.
413 Bush street.
do
267 Clara street.
413 Bush street.
Btish street, near Powell.
316 Minna street.
423 Bush street.
425 Bush street.
3 Berry street.
429 Bush street.
do
527 Sacramento street.
627 Washingtotf street.
1314 Jackson street.
13 Allen street.
1316 Powell street.
663 Harrison street.
227 Montgomery street.
3 Central place, Pine street.
Lick House.
San Francisco.
CornerTwenty-fourth and Vermont.
204 Montgomery street.
542 California street.
Corner Pine and Montgomery.
do
Occidental Hotel.
607 Bryant street.
532 Montgomery street.
Corner Davis and Calilbrnia street.
32 Garden street.
954 Mission street.
703 Taylor street.
San Francisco.
61
Names.
Residences.
F. F. Dorquiii
A. C. H(Mi(lly
Frederick Bucl
J. K. ki'gan
Cbi'i.st:i|)li HacUo
T. S. Russell
John Kane
Louis Foi-l)eiide.s
Andrew G. Cussidy....
Tiiomas G. Siriilh
John Mcllaffee
Louis Arnohl
Ferdinand Gehrig
J. A . Bauer
A. J. Lord
H. Silverstotie
L. L. \V. Sirei
C. A. BcHTKird
Joseph S Paxson
F. Hej'wood ...
W. L Torrey
C. S Smith
C3rus W. Carmany...
Joshua Lyon
K. H. Shearer
Charles Giessmann
Charles Packard
William Meyer
F. Scond...."
Winslow J. Williams.
J. S. McCue
R. Stevenson ,
D. E. Provost
R. E. Rowland
William Shepard
W. A. Aldrich
John J. Cooney
E. H. Gachby
Samuel Eastman
William Irelan, Jr..
J. II. EUwood..
E. B. Koons
Joseph Simon
Samuel K. Addoms.
N. C. Parrish
H. Webb
Frank C. Havens .
George A. Case
Frank A. Marston.
.522 Pine street.
19 Prospect place.
Brooklyn.
St Mar}- street.
Larkiii street.
do
514 Minna street
247 'riiird street.
542 Clay street.
009 Montgomery street.
98G Folsom sti-eet.
74o Vallejo street.
Francisco street, near Stockton.
lUl Post street.
707 Market street.
1138 iJupont street.
IS Langton street.
628 Commercial street.
424 Montg<')mei"y street.
Pier four, Steuart street.
San Francisco.
1 Gear}- })lace
Cla}' street.
2107 Jones street.
San Francisco.
205 Commercial street.
Brooklyn.
968 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
19 Battery street.
Cosmopolitan.
91o Jackson street.
San Francisco.
Lombard street, between Jones and
Taylor.
San Francisco.
do
Union, near cornei* of Montgomery.
534 Seventeenth street.
San Francisco.
607 Howard street.
San Francisco.
716 Mission street.
San Francisco.
South San Francisco.
Corner Copp and Twenty-third
streets.
vSansom street.
207 Kearny street.
do
223 First street.
62
Names.
Residences.
606 Merchant street.
712 Pacific street.
907 Jackson street.
202 Mission street.
1041 Mason street.
844 Mission street.
271 Stevenson street.
121 Post street.
211 Pine street.
1207 Jackson.
.56 Nuloma street
227 Bush street.
P'runcisco street.
(ilO Merchant street.
Fi'an Cisco street.
Third street.
327 Montgomery street.
McAllister street.
414 Montgoiner}' street.
729 Sutter street.
Powell street.
Tax Collector.
Powell street.
507 Mission street.
54 Third street.
42 Everett street.
517 Kearny street.
1000 Chestnut street.
Union Club.
Ill Third stree^.
Kddy street.
Townsend street.
1810 Mason street.
709 Sansom street.
713 Eddy street.
Harrison street.
George W. Chapin 338 Montgomery street.
E. I). Cupri
J. Henalts
A. Emanuel
Patrick Calahan
B. A. R. Howe
J. C. Ijudlam
J. Cahalin
William Irvine & Co.
W. B.Ray
B. Lichtensteiii
Michael Mai Ion
James Rush
Clement Dixon
D. W. Laird
C. O. Connor
M. Brogan
T. B. Kent
F. G.Sraith
J. B. Bronson
Maurice Dore
H. A. Cobb
A. Austin
William B. Allen
John Ileinmann
(.Jharles O'Connor
S. Jacoby
T B. Lichtenstein , .
J. P. Manrow
L. Girard
C. L. Newman..
D. L. Earn worth
C. Newman
Charles F. Lipman ...
Ludwig Altochal
S. S. Emery
Thomas O'Connor....
C. Wrede.
Edward Bosque...
'j. M. McNulty ...
A. Fitz[)atrick
D. McNeil
R. H. Sintans
John A. Schmidt..
James G. Gould...
Charles H. Vail...
Peter Larsen
Charles J. Janson
II. Y. Ludington .,
H. P. Templcton .
A. Martin
417 Freemont street.
Corner Clay and Leidesdorff streets.
San Francisco.
Mission.
San Francisco.
do
do
3 Hardy place.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
63
Names.
Residences.
Willium B. M:iv
1114 (^liv street
J. P. Ncwinarkc !
■San Francisco.
James II. Decrir)"'
do
Peter Denn
do
Walter F. Hand
do
Geori^o ('. Boai'dman
do
T. R. Butler
do
A. Browncdl
do
W. A. Macondrav
do
0. L. Tavlor iS: ("o
do
David Donaldson
do
L. Sliiliin<r
do
.J. Bliixonis
do
R. G. Sncath
J. N. McCiirn
Geori^e H. Whitney
do
do
do
A. ('. Freere
J. Ilardini;
do
do
Hen ben Tucker
do
C H. Harrison
do
Thomas Byrne
do
Wormser Brothers
do
C. M. Nicdiols
do
Geoi'^e Reed
do
H. Channinf Beals
do
Milton Bulkley
A. B. Forley
Agard. Foulkes & (U>
do
do
do
Moore & ('o
A. C. Ratiee
do
do
Albert Dibblee
do
Vernon Seaman
do
Charles Langley & Co
do
.T. F. Dorbe
do
A. K. P. Glidden
do
.James L Barker
do
R. H. Elam
do
David MeKav
do
Edward Flanagan
do
William Corbitt
do
C. V. S. Gibbs
do
H. B. Cumminifs '.
do
George W. Prescott
do
F. P. & .J. A. Hooper
do
.John Diiibeer
do
B Wassermaver
.lo
William W. Ncal
Hecht Brothers & (^o
do
do
C. A Hunt
do
D. P Hawkes
do
A Crawford
do
64
Names.
Residences.
J. G. JackHon
Eoliert .lohiiston
B. Sharp
James Giile
^eheiuiali Smith
John J. Astoi-
A. T. Stewart
J. VV. Gately
A. Phlat
James D Hiiesler
J. S. Hutchinson
A. S. Hubbard
Andrew J. Gore
John V". Saw3'er
Patter & Gore
E. Freeman
John AVilliain Harrison
J. I). P Teller
E Hightoii
Goklsmilh Brothers
E. Heistand
Adolpli Muller
Crane & Briifhanj-
T. H. Welen
J. T. Dean
Robert Silver
M. Keller !
Moore Brothers
T. A. Wolf& Co
Welch & Co
William Hammond
S. S. Ariiheim
John W. Peai-son
Thomas Mooncy
C. Calins
Dominick Gonzalez
M.J. Kelly
Joseph K. Handy
J. C. McDonnell
John Nicheisen....
Charles Neff.
C^. L. Neumann
N. Simonds
A. Hinds
O. B. Huff
M Dolan
John H Rcddington....
H. McGrath
C. A. 15arron
Thomas P. Jiyan
Patrick Fitzsimmons....
Nan rrancisco.
do
33 Belden street
1715 Webb street.
1471 Powell street.
1114 Dupont street.
San Francisco.
1576 Clay street.
13 Dupont street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
859 Mission strccf.
8 S ten art street.
005 California street.
California street.
Serpentine avenue.
94U Howard street.
Haj-es Valley.
H2-J, Bush street.
1002 Market street.
San Francisco.
408 Jones strret.
Hayes Vallej'.
San Francisco.
do
015 Mason street.
107 Perry street.
Silver street.
132 Folsom street.
815 Market street.
41 Sixth street.
Second avenue.
65
Names.
Residences.
Martin McGratb.
Joseph Dutton
Daniel Loary
Tlioraas Brown
A Schiippcrt
John Cannon
J. J. Toomey
James H. Adams
W. H. Gleason
E. Homes
Joseph S. Fevnald
Thomas Phair
Belinda Duify
Captain William Warner
Eliza Phair
Hugh Monaghan
A. E. Erkson
Patrick J)e8m()nd
W. P. C. Stebbins
Flamann Schwarzo
Thomas Healy
John Fiimoan
Joseph H. Moore
A. Phelps
R. E. MeGill
William Wolf
Joseph Nolan
Henry C. Squire
Peter AIcArdle
L. Meyerstein
, William Green
Eichard Horton
James Biddolph
John Norton
Charles E Scott
Samuel Irving
C. Christenson
Andrew Allen
A. Bauer
James O'Hara
A. Eichet & Co
C. E. Webb
M. Leach
Francis Eooney....
Bernard Eeiss
Patrick McKenna.
John Murto
Northwest corner Sbotwell and
Twenty-first streets.
Fell street.
Geary street.
South San Francisco.
Corner Jackson and Stockton.
Corner Twenty-third and Columbia.
340 Tehama street.
Hyde and Green streets.
226 O'Farrell street.
Twentj'-seventh and Mission.
1418 California street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
55H- Natoma street.
San Jose.
120 William street.
607 Stockton street.
Chestnut street.
Sixth and Market.
Corner Pine and Mason.
Fifteenth street.
Devisadero and Page streets.
Ellis street.
do
440 Greenwich street.
Oak street, Hayes Valley.
705 Market street.
301 Kearn}" street.
324 Ellis street.
619 Mission street.
do
Leavenworth, between Geary and
O'Farrell streets.
224 Post.
do
Potrero.
Folsom street.
410 Kearny street.
San Francisco.
Powell -and Pacific.
San Francisco.
12 Quincy street.
Vallejo street.
613 Bush.
526 Harrison street.
16 Natoma street.
9
6G
Names.
Mrs. Mar}' A. O'Brien
James Beurk
John Donnelly
W.J Smith
M.J. Abell
Miss Alexander
Robert Koy
F. G. Goontz
John Widdonson
Michael H. Flood
James Matthews
Patrick Plover
W. Patrick Dooling ...
George M. Bowman ....
L. U. Clarke
James Sullivan
E. J. Tracy
Henry Helbush
Robert J. Bowie
Peter Lynch
Bernard Coj'le
William B. Cheff
D. S. Hutchison
Howard Kerr
G. Welsh
P. Hu'sson
M. Gately
William CoUings
John M. Kussan
John Shannon
Thomas Donnelly
Max Kotber
C. G. Erwin
B. A. Menke
John N. Cooney
James O'Brien
Christopher Byrne
Michael Murph}-
Mathew Smyth
Henry Gibbs
Joseph W. Farrell
Michael Costella
Thomas Slenin
Residences.
San Francisco.
1318 Kearny street.
60 Tehama street.
515 Sacramento street.
9 Stockton.
6 Stockton.
915 Clay street.
Vack street.
Corner East and Commercial streets.
133 Dora street.
20 Sherwood place.
San Francisco,
do
Napa.
Alameda.
550 Minna.
909 Jackson street.
Bran nan, between Third and Fourth
403 Stockton street, corner Sutter.
53 Clary,
do
22-! Third street.
815 Mis.^^ion.
126 Turk.
11 Essex.
San Francisco.
720 Market street.
140 Natoma street.
531 Jackson street.
San Francisco. •
171 Perr}' street.
Jones street.
521 Jessie street.
Sutter and Taylor streets.
Fifth and Folsom.
905 Folsom.
160 Tehama street.
Lombard street.
Folsom.
Willow street.
15 Carolina street.
325 Clementina street.
84S Folsom street.
J. B. Sbarboro jSouthwest corner Fifth and Folsom.
Michael Reilly 559 Howard street.
O.H.Clancy Corner Sixteenth street and First
avenue.
Samuel Drugan 37 Moss street.
J. Palmer 921 Folsom street.
John McDermott |220 Minna street.
Peter Fo}- l214 Minna street.
67
Names.
Residences.
William Perry
Peter McFaddcn
Bernard Brady
Thomas Keernaii
Patrick Lemon
John J. Boland
William Rowe
Georcje Ra!ei£jh
Charles Prior
Bernard Dunn
Francis Brien
William Wainwright
Thomas Mishy ,
Snider Lewenberg
John Wuall ".
A. C. Taylor
John White
G-. Wentzel
G. Rosewell
G. K. Hilton
James Cashman
Richard D. Blauvelt, Jr.
George Hagan
John Burke ,.
Cornelius Donovan
Patrick McGlinchey
John Greed
W. A. Woodward
S. H. Brown
C. H. Rumrill
Charles Ernshe
Lewis Tweed
Charles P. Kimball
William F. McAlester....
James £. Powers
James O'Reilly
G. O. Carlisle
J. F. Blumberg
S. H. Carlisle
George K. Gluyas
J. W. Whiting
W. A. Scott
L. Taffe
H. F. Ross
James H. Hardman
F. Finch
Daniel Murphy
William Moran
James Killey
Charles Schroth
E. M. Sheehan
210 Folsom street.
Natoma street.
Corner Fifth and Folsom.
Corner Fifth and Shipley.
108 Shipley street.
190 Stevenson.
Willow street.
Sixth street House.
927 Folsom street.
823 Harrison street.
560 Folsom.
219 California street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Southwest corner Pine and Mason.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
1121 Pine street.
1915 Howard.
527 Post street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
68
Names.
Residences.
J.J. McColey
F. J. Bachelder
J. G. Cady
Festus Hopler
T. G. Brand
P. Merle
Joseph Coulter
Charles A. Crowe
H. D. Claffey '.
G. W. Duffield
Louis Meyer
Louis Westerfield
E.G. Tittel
G. M. Anderson
L. Auerbach
G. W. Prennt
George W. Davis
Ab. Klein
Frances L^'nch
J. G. W. Schulte
H. H. Wm. Stroecker.
William Meyer
W. M. Casey
A. F. Hirschmau
C. B. Driscoll
E. C. Owen
Peter F. Medan
F. Wegener
C. P. Mebres
Joseph Figel
E. E. Harris
F. Campbell
Herman Heuck
H. Butenop
S. J. Loop
Theodore Meetz
S. Gilmore
D. C. Somers
E. Hawes
James Love
George Lockwood
M. J.Kelly
Nicholas Cleary
B. Kennedy
T. Toidulenn
Patrick Curry
David F. Jeffreys
W. Irvine
James Neill
John McKee ,
E. F.Baldwin ..,
San Francisco.
do
Jackson street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
Jackson street.
Pacific.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
1632 Sacramento street.
Broadway and Kearny.
San Francisco.
do
Kearny and Broadway.
522 Broadwa}'.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
408 Bryant street.
149 Post.
1811 Mason street.
Corner Bryant and Second.
Rocklin.
San Francisco.
do
Hayes Valley,
Clary street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
69
Names.
Samuel Theodore
P. Quinn-
M. Tridemun
F. M. Von Pfester....
Herman iiaukley ....
William. C. Hinckley
J. H. Brian ^
James Dunn
F. Banten
D. Bruce
James G. Gould
M. Masseth
W. G. Weir
George Wood ,
James Smyth
J. Lippman
J. Rich
D. D. Hayes
J. Doms
B. Johnston
H. P. Andrew '
P. George Ryan
Joseph Ready
Nathan Peiser
Julius Platstek
F. Phillips
William C. Walker....
R. S. Calesh
Thomas Magner
Ferdinand Vassault...
Michael Donnelly
Wellington Perry
R. P. Swain
John P. Dulip
James Alexander
Patrick Byrne
Robert Dixon
Owen Gogarty
W. Green
J. Cochran
Michael Cannon
Alexander Blanc
Robert Hampton
Andrew Monteith
B. J. W. Curtiss
John C.Clark
J. Livingston
Charles Fella
H. Fox
J. Rosenthal
Henry Culcheo
Residences.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do *
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
408 Stockton street.
1409 Sacramento street.
San Francisco.
do
do
58 Shipley- street.
San Franciscoi
do
do
434 Sixth street.
San Francisco.
Howard street.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Builder.
San Francisco.
107 Battery street.
306 O'Farrell street.
1236 Folsom street.
225 Fourth street.
130 Third street.
783 Folsom street.
439 Stevenson street.
262 Clara street.
304 Stockton street.
418 California street.
70
Names.
Residences.
P. F. Beardsley
M. M. Flynn
E. C. Miller
A.J. Coghill
Thomas McDougall
William Williams
Wesley Jacobus
Samuel Dixon
William M. Lenby
John Cagel
L. H. Stevens
J. M. Classen
Mark L. McDonald
E. L. Smith
George Kluir
D. G. Cummings
Philip Mahler
D. H. Wulzen
F. H. Wulzen
Cb arles Murray
E. O'Donnell
S. B. Patrick
J.Dober
Z. B. Laporte
Charles E. Lang
P. Hargeden..
G. T. Wallerson
G. C. Swinson
William Como.....
John Carbery
James J. O'Shea
Peter Madden
T. Murphy
Eichard D. McDonough
L. Megastur ,
C. S. Crittenden ,
T. Winslow
W. Mache
Daniel Eily
Jacob Kohler
James Campbell w
Michael Eiley
George D. Melletz
Charl es Woehatz
E. D. Block
Peter Sleek
F. Prohl
G. W. Williams
J. M. Blodcnal
Benjamin F. Lee
759 Market street.
Twenty-second street, between Mis-
sion and Howard.
San Francisco.
do
Shotwell street.
Waverley place.
San Francisco.
do
do
33 Woody place.
1032 Market steeet.
517 Folsom street.
524 Post street.
437 Natoma street.
29 Hawthorne street.
607 Taylor street.
627 Merchant street.
607 Stevenson street.
72 Minna street.
San Francisco.
do
231 Stevenson street.
576 Tehama street.
San Francisco.
do
Morton street.
911 Howard street.
San Francisco.
80 Louisa street.
15 Gardeii streef.
1322 Stockton street.
44 Minna street.
485 Minna street.
Silver street.
San Francisco.
do
24 Stanly place.
110 Post street.
306 Minna.
1604 Larkin street.
219 Turk street.
416 Stevenson
310 Ritch street.
5 Trijiity street.
San Francisco.
427 Sutter street.
742 Pine street.
San Francisco.
1234 Dupont street.
1216 Washington street.
71
Names.
Residences.
Adolphus G. Russ
Columbia square
811 Stockton street.
313 Taylor street.
422 Eddy street.
San Francisco.
Occidental Hotel.
420 Eddy street.
Occidental Hotel.
920 Market street.
San Francisco. '
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
919 Sutter street.
309 Green street.
Post street.
1153 Folsom street.
2103 Jones sti-eet.
San Fi'ancisco.
408 Broadway.
Sacramento street.
San Francisco.
Stevenson street.
Corner Pine and Bush
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
264 Clara street.
San Francisco.
26 Tehama street.
943 Folsom street.
211 Montgomery.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
H. Finne<'"ess
Charles 11. Pike
J. W. Flood
Daniel Damrell
H. Whittell
Andrew Carri<'an
Philip J. H. Shane
L. E. Donnelly
*
John Hamtnerschniidt
H. J. Snow
Philip Cullen
E. Chamberlin
J. Crowley
James Swift
George Witt man
William McCall
A. Williams
John Mac Fad den
John G. Gilchrist
Andrew Smith
N. K. Van Allen
Thomas Brown
W. Lindsej'
William Larkin '....
Georo-e Lawler
E. D. Donnelly
P. J. O'Brien
J. Silvertman
John W. Kelly
C. W. Newman...
Terrence Smith
S. Hammersmith
streets.
W. J. Clark
Charles H. Schaffer
Charles Lemme
N. Cusin
George W. Newman
David Conors
Edward Schulz
Thomas C. Golden
Patrick Kearns
George Patterson
L. Trannv
S C. Armstrong
John Kavanagh
W. D Dulany . .
D. C. McGlynn
F. O'Neill
D. P. Fenton
D. Hays
72
Names.
Residences.
James H. Love
Hugh Corcoran
John C. Cassidy
E. Koach
M. Lynch
Martin Tademanne......
Henry Plege
H. T. Ross
Thomas ^oonar)
Eobert Coulson
H. B. Levy
John F. Sullivan
Edward J. Ritbon
T. A. Mitchell
James Humphreys
Michael Gulley
John F. Mitchell
James T. O'Gorman...,
James Rice
William M. M. O'Brien
Daniel Swett
L. Berna
R. Hopkins
James W. Wilkinson...
John M. Nevetec
Charles Kelley
P. McCann
H. Lake
Philip McGovern
Charles Coakley
A. Freitz
Jeremiah Kcefo
Thomas Finegan
D. S. McNamara
Dennis Jordan
Jacob Rosenthal
Thomas Walker
T. H.Jones
J. B. SimcN ,
Hugh F. Kelly
E. B. Dugan
Joseph Holland
James Sanders :
Patrick Harney
J. W. Haraer
J. Murray
Joseph Lydgcr
William J. Feily
Walter Young
P. R. O'Brien
25 Perry street.
Corner Sansom and Pacific streets.
548 Jersey street.
San Francisco
do
do
Northwest corner Post and Taylor.
San Francisco
do
115 Fourth street.
1157 Mission street.
413 Natoma street.
803 Clay street.
720 Folsom.
512 Gear}' street
28 Townsend.
Corner Hyde and Post streets.
Hyde and Sacramento.
350 Brannan street.
7 O'Farrell ?.treet.
1009 Powell street.
1517 Dupont street.
720 Folsom.
315 Eighth street.
113 Clay street.
7 Geary.
Brannan street, between Sixth and
Seventh.
Second street.
317 O'Farrell.
1 9 Morton street.
Ellis and Stockton streets.
728 Folsom street.
Russ House.
333 Bus!) street.
620 Ellis street.
304 Minna street.
Ellis and .Stockton streets.
San Francisco.
do
337 Kearny street.
11 Geary street. •
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
73G Market.
California street.
Sun Francisco.
Twenty-third street.
73
Names.
Residences.
Daniel J. McCarthy....
P. McNamara
A. L. Johnson ,
Bernard McMurray....
John Kelly Mason
Hugh Allen
Kichard M. Barron
Charles Harris
Francis O'Connor
John T. Barry
Edward Flynn
Washington D. Hayes
Jeremiah Gallivan
Patrick O'Malley
John O'Malley
James Dennigan ,
James Barton
Peter Hagan ,
Thomas Wade
Thomas Wade, Jr
G. Backus
William Murdock
W. E. Loomis
William Pearson
C. Kloppenburg ,
J. Creighton
John Kae Hamilton ..
J. B. H. Davis
O; Fuller
C. E. Nolte
Augustus Seterson
William H. Kinn
Victor Moitoret
Daniel Hanlon
Owen McClask}"
Peter McGee
Henry Bruns
William Scott
P.J. Postel
F. H. Osborn
N. C. Parrish
Ph. De^'er, Jr
Lewis Angenhafer
John Waller
Ordice Barton ;....
Valencia, between Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-sixth.
614 Market street.
248 Jessie street.
Presidio.
Fort Point.
Hayes Valley.
815 Market.
225 Third street.
630 Brannan street.
Geary and Buchanan streets.
San Francisco.
725 Ellis street.
114 Hayes street.
1133 Folsom street.
1135 Folsom street.
140 iS'atoma street.
Mission.
250 Perry street.
121 Montgomer}^ street.
do
1827 Clay street.
55 Silver street.
1214 Sutter stree<v.
927 Jackson street.
1324J Stockton.
Fair Oak street, betw en. Twenty-
fifth and Twenty-sixth.
518 Hurd street.
Bartlett, between Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-sixth.
36 Stanford street.
Mi.<sion street, near Twenty-sixth.
Anderson street.
San Maguil.
School house station.
Twenty-sixth street, near Mission.
San Jose road, near Twenty-sixth
street.
Mission street.
Corner H street, old San Jose road.
Vail street, Horner's addition.
Mission and Twenty-third street.
Point Lobos road.
Capp street.
do
do
do
do
10
74
Names.
Ph. Deyer
William Dick
John R. Croiisc
Michnel Dalton
Edward C. Kirby
John Clark
James H.Vance
A. Small
James Denniger
Peter Merles
J. H. Gray
J. P. Dameron
Andrees B. Pico
Robert Mayers
Roger Carlin
H. R. Leonard
J. K. Phillips
Henry Harlan
M. Vaughan..
C. G. Glass
W. W. Miller
Davis Mahony
M. P. Sessions
Dunlevey
A. F. Denery ,
Thomas B. Croft
Mathew Crooks
Thomas M. Quackeubush
John Buckly
John Higgins
Francis W. Paty
H. Enkle
John Garner
George Atkinson
W.Smith
C.J. Walsh
Edwin Goodall
A. H. Rapp
J. E. Bran nan
C. Schoenmakers
B. C. Randall
Ed ward Gay
John Wheeler
William Gwin
D. R. Sinks
W. M Ryer
D.J. Ho"lder
R. H. Jones
Residences.
Mission Road.
Misssion street, near Twenty-third.
San Francisco.
Corner Page and Fillmore.
818 Ellis street
San Francisco.
Stevenson street.
246 Third street.
140 Natoma street.
23 Jessie street.
San Francisco.
802 Montgomery.
1128 Folsom street.
242 Montgomery street.
15 Fifth avenue.
1309 California street.
Northwest corner of Pine and Bu-
chanan streets.
Southeast corner Pacific and Frank-
lin.
Northwest corner Montgomery and
Green.
Sacramento street.
Corner Third and Folsom.
Pfeiffer and Larkin.
1219 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
645 Clay street.
122 Davis street.
3 Crooks street.
San Francisco. •
1126 Pacific street.
10 Moss street.
642 Commercial street.
30 Green street.
Green street.
Guerrero and Twenty-fourth.
San Francisco.
76 Natoma street.
418 Fremont.
424 Greenwich street.
524 Geary.
325 Chestnut street.
540 Clay street.
8 St. Mary street.
423 Sutter street.
59 Jessie street,
do
Lick House.
San Francisco.
Overland House.
to
Names.
Residences.
Patrick flargeden
H. Meyer
W. J. llaining
S. T. French
Charles Bribcnd...
V. Chaiyneau
John Pfoir
George Branston...
John Fox
R. P. Rochieioli ...,
J. B. Miller
E. C. Johnson
Eobert Taylor
C D. Daniels
H. E. Thomas
M. T. Ballen
Patrick Brady
Robert McGuire...
E. F. Woodward..
John A. Coffe}^
Mary Coffey
M. McLaughlen ...,
David Barnes......
John Chipchase ...
William Jones
J. Whelen
William Nesbut...
Philo White
Albert A. Hickox
John Parner
P. S. Fay
Henry C. Fulda...
Martin Murray ..
D.B. McDonald..,
I. T.Watson
Thomas Meuny..
D. M. Richards ..
Dennis J. Hagan.
E. D. Clark
Last ..
J. A. Fletcher
Carlo de Bernardi
Dominico Grau
Joseph Boardman..
A. R. Barrington....
W. H. Burnett
George P. Shields..
Henry P. Drew
George Morton
A. A. Peake
Morton street.
Vincent street.
1320 vStockton street.
Austin street.
Twelfth street.
Lombard street.
270 Jessie street.
Webster, near O'Farrell.
112 Alta place.
10 Tyler street.
do
13 Second street.
Hayes Valley.
Pine and Van Ness avenue.
527 Howard street.
431 Bryan street.
638 Mission.
553 Howard street.
San Francisco.
571 Stevenson street.
do
San Francisco.
do
do
El Dorado.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
940 Mission street, between Fifth
and Sixth streets.
San Francisco.
do
109 Jones street.
San Francisco.
931 Sutter street.
433 Tehama street.
919 Powell street.
918 Stockton street.
739 Market street.
San Francisco.
545 Market.
Francisco street.
San Francisco.
do
18 Pine street.
74 Clementina street.
Jackson and East.
Day street, Mission Dolores.
76
Names.
Residences.
Iloogs & Butler
William R. Sloan
Mathew Collins
Henrv Slocomb
D. W" Smith
F. Wyntjens
James N. Olney
H. H. Harris
J. Hovey
L. McNulty
Henry Kingston
M. Abrams
S. Figel
Charles H. Shaw
James L. Meserve ...
A. K. Wards
David Gibbons
George W. Cooke
John Grant
James Aston
E. Flary
John O'Kane
K. Emerson
C. H. Daniels
J. J. Domes ,
C. Shaphard ,
J. C. Tondley
B. Donnelly
G. W. Williams
William H. Murray..,
Matthew Bridge
John Burke
G. I.Wight
William M. Zabriskie
Daniel Mahonj-
B. R. Norton
Thomas Horan
J. Johnston
D. Saultry
J. T.Coryell
George Lake
Philip Garlick
R. B. Bartlctt
Robert White
Richard Brown
Thomas O'Neill
W. S. Church
Eobert Beeching
P. W. O'Donnell
John G. Fayker
328 Montgomery street.
618 Third street.
212 Broadway.
720 Market street.
19 John street.
San Francisco.
Oakland.
San Francisco.
do
645 Market street.
Columbia street, Mission Dolores.
786 Folsom street.
3 Montgomery.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
Hartman street.
San Francisco.
Oakland.
Jessie street.
do
do
Bush street.
San Francisco.
do
Agent 'Scientific Pi^ss.
Southwest corner Larkiu and Jack-
son streets.
Mission street.
Merchant street.
do
Moss street.
Alameda.
do
174 Thirteenth street.
Vallejo street.
San Francisco.
do
do
206 Sansom street.
413 Washington street.
Greenwich and Devisadero streets.
Harrison street.
800 Montgomery street.
1016 Taylor.
San Francisco.
do
Names.
Residences.
B. N. Holt
F. K. J. Dixon
John Clark
A. (J. Turk
Patrick O. Sullivan.
AViiliam Mollis
H. S. Gates
T. B. Danos
Henry
William Masran
J. P. Anson
William E. Shepraan.
Edward Walsh
C. L. Place
B. Wilcocks
Philip Mayert
Luca Descalso-
Phil. Lauth
D. McVicar
Paul Sarsom
H. K. Curtis
H. Austin
Patrick McCarthy...,
William Mooser
John Caddy
F. W. Voll
P. J. Sullivan
W. J. Fennell
John Moran
Edward Twomey .
Joseph O'Donnell .
James P. Clough...
J. D. Niver
George Seger
T. E. Trueworthy.
John J. Murph}^ ...
Job Kennedy
E. J. Blanding
Albert Brown
M. McLaui/hlin ....
J. W. Kenned}'
M. McCarthy
Charles Krause....
John Harvey
John Boylo
William Park
Ferdinand Spencer.
A. D. Piper
M. C. Howell
Alameda.
Fourteenth street.
14 Hawthorne street.
527 O'Farrell street.
543 Stevenson street.
418 California street.
Corner Sutterand Stevenson streets.
Corner Water and Guyamus streets.
Brannaii street.
6 Hallham.
Filbert street.
Corner Pine and Jones.
Pacific street.
324 Folsom street.
Green and Montgomery.
823 Howard street.
San Francisco.
Los Angeles.
!t Clara street.
Alameda County.
San Francisco.
do
Jackson street.
5 Post street.
Oakland.
Post, between Buchanan and Web-
ster.
i28 Third street.
Sixteenth street.
Grove, near corner of Polk.
559 Mission street.
I do
i803 Bush street.
Oakland.
507 Montgomery street.
San Francisco.
522 Howard street.
Ellis and Stockton streets.
Capp, near Twenty-fifth street.
Dupont.
Filbert street.
Corner Post and Taylor.
Sutter street.
526 Geary street.
8 Hardie place.
Southeast corner Sacramento and
I Montgomery.
[Tehama street.
iClementina and Second streets.
San Francisco.
116 Montgomery street.
78
Names.
Residences.
Alexander H. Bryant.
J. W. Bowman
George W. Babcock ..
Thomas White
E. J. Livingston
Frank Eiley
George W. Frasher....
Henry Goad
B. Harrison
Thomas O'Shea ,
James G. Hatch ,
B. F.Smith
Jacob Jacobs .<
William Ludeman ,
George Brown
Frank A. Eutherford .
R. W. Carter
Joseph Catania
H. C. Patridge.........
R. Lunella
John Harnett
Denis Feeby..
William Moody
George Hearst
A. A. Eeviere
William M. Harper...
George W. Blasedell.
F. P. Swett
Samuel G. Beatty
John B. Currey
George Marchaber....
John J. Walton
James Reilly
L. Joseph
George W. Stead
John Doherty
Cornelius McCarthy .
S. J. P. Johnston
E. Lev3'
Charles E. Wilson... .
Alfred Moulin
J. W. Shaffer
E. A. Manhart
W. H. Jessup
R. S. Toize}'
Patrick Raffei-ty
John J. Cunningham.
Henry Wolgamuth....
A. M. Comstock
528 Montgomery street.
San Francisco.
Brooklyn, Alameda County.
45 Mason street.
Harrison street.
79 Stevenson street.
Oakland.
710 Gear}' street.
First and Tehama.
266 Minna street.
4 Henriette street.
1046 Howard street.
do
747 O'Farrell.
251 Third street.
Howard street, between Twenty-
first and Twenty-second.
713 Montgomery.
83 and 35 San Francisco market.
International Hotel
421 Washington street.
San Francisco.
1907 Hyde.
329 Montgomery street.
San Francisco.
do
573 Broadway.
San Francisco.
1212 Clay street.
San Francisco.
do
Dupont street.
533 Mission street.
San Francisco.
511 Filbert street.
San Francisco.
332 Moss street.
Northwest corner of Folsom arid
Rausch streets.
1009 Mason street.
1408 Pine street.
76 Montgomery Block.
Corner Commercial and Dupont.
1512 Leavenworth street.
718 Jessie street.
212 Twelfth street.
7 Calhoun street.
49 Minna street.
318 Minna street.
Meyers' Hotel, Montgomery street.
San Francisco.
Names.
Residences.
John C. Lanijton
J. H. Drubs. !^
Philipp Frank
Geori^e .M. Weldon
B. P. Portois
John Crowley
D. C. Lawrence
L. Morle
L.J. Hefferen
M. Browne
James N.. Deane
P. H. Blake
William O'Shea
N. J. Street
Robert Barnj
A. Marks
D. A. Pint)
A n t^ust Caropy
J. R. Hoag
Eobert G Gilraore
H.Schuldt
Benjamin F. Josselyn
Charles J. Rciley
Thomas J. Power
Eobert D. Towne
P. Crubert .•...
John Shirley
F. Koenii;
Michael Kean
C. Aubrey Angelo
L. Lanijiie
J. H. Williams
William Nicol
W. M. Kell}-
C Miirph}'
A. Mans
P. Lambert
Timothy Collins
E Sleer
John J. Corbett
A. A. Baer
George H.. Bryant
James Alexander Forbes.
B. A. Gale
Christopher M urphy
J. Driscoll
Charles F.Hamilton
James Con very
Thomas Kyle
W. W. Cronin
John Daniel
2003 Bush street.
Guerrero street.
San Francisco.
11 Minna street.
San Francisco.
574 Minna street.
San Francisco.
do
do
28 Townsend street.
318 Clay street.
568 California street.
San Francisco.
29 Turk street.
109 Montgomery street.
Corner Green and Taylor streets.
1223 Stockton street.
San Francisco.
do
Corner Seventh and Folsom streets.
Corner Third and Harrison streets.
McAllister street, Hayes Valley.
1013 Filbert street.
Marysville, Tuba County.
San Francisco.
614 Merchant street.
536 Kearny street.
505 Montgomery street.
208 Chestnut.
32 Moss street.
San Francisco.
do
2S Clara street.
X Powell street.
2308 Parker street.
815 Pacific street.
Lagutia.
414 Seventh street.
204 Montgomery street.
200 Ellis street.
1311 Stockton street.
113 Clay street.
1808 Powell street
1123 Stockton street.
San Francisco.
Washington street.
424 Montgomery street.
112 Minna street.
610 Jones street.
1008 Jackson street.
1110 Market .street.
80
Names.
Residences.
A. Gariot
W. Walsh
C. A. Sunderland.
Isaac Greer
G.O. BnVham
John Couch
Henry Wizzett.
J. K. Prior
William N. Shelley
George Roth
V. M. Fancoutt
Lyle, Stow & Co
Thomas A. Turner
M. Keslophi
B F. Barker
John J. Blanchard
David M. Kelton
T. E. Hyde
C. A. Uhrig
John Eeardon
James Orr
Joseph AVilliam Sartor.
P.H. Owens
John Barrett
E. D. Boone
J. W. Violett
T. N. Borkmnn
Ira A. Underwood
D. Ghirardelli
Nicholas W)-nne
James Hogan
C.P. Torrey
E. vSlossen
John Harrington...
Charles Patton
Jacob Mueller
S. Morgenstern
Bernard Lande
8. McCuUough
John Kelly
Thomas Whelan
James Murphj-
Thomas Breen
O. T. Ames
S. K. Fleming
John McFaddin
Ch. N. Herbet
Cornelius McLaughlin.
J. L. Samuels
913 Kearny street.
San Francisco.
Leidesdorff street.
San Francisco.'
46G Minna street
Guerrero street, Sixteenth and Sev-
enteenth,
Southeast corner Mason and Broad-
way.
730 Montgomery street.
224 Greenwich street.
14 St. Mary's Place.
16 Stockton street.
San Francisco.
125 Sansom street.
225 Pacific street.
647 Third street.
Taylor street.
Alabama street.
San Francisco
Howard street.
44 Jessie street.
Quincy Hall.
San Francisco.
do
2-34 Harrison street.
117 Market street.
615 Kearnj' street.
San Francisco.
Oakland.
San Francisco.
do
413 Broadway.
434 Kearny street.
1004 Lark in street.
649 Minna street.
Near St. Mary's CollegG.
35 Natoma street.
1118 Leavenworth street.
San Francisco.
Twenty-fourth and Capp streets.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
113 Perry street.
San Francisco.
28 Everett street.
San Francisco.
do
do
81
Names.
Residences.
M. Ciillen
Patrick Cox
Williiun B. Cooke & Co
Josepli L. Howell
C. H. Parker
Turner Corning
Stephen Doe
Alfred S. Isaacs
Michael Lane
Michael O'Caiaghan ...
N. H. Hastings
Andrew E. Tliaj'er
B.J. Shay
Oliver C. Carroll
R. E. Green
M. E. Hui,^hes
D. D. Baldwin
C. Paul
Robert K^le
Micliael Herlehy
F. B. Emmal
William Schmidt
Henr}^ Gardenier
M. G. McDonoiLgh
J. H. Lindsey
Peter Byron
Edward Burley
F. K. Mayro
E. S. Montgomery
John Steinmers
P. H. Blake
William Femrery
Edward P. Fox ..'.
M. McCarthy
W. L. Perkins
John McCann
David Fiizgibbon ....
Peter Carter
William U. Doyle ....
C. C. Dunn
T. E. Jewell
Patrick Savage
Terrence -McCluskey.
William L. Smith
I. B. Peek
W. C. Kimball
Alfred J. Fritz.... ....
James Delmore
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
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527 Post str(?et.
82J Ellis street.
21 Dupont street.
1825 Clay street.
120 Greenwich street.
781 Bush street.
6.32 P'ell street.
5 Stockton street.
3o5 Hayes street.
San Francisco.
Oakland.
San Francisco.
58 Mission street.
925 Pine street.
San Francisco.
Tyler street.
Railroad House.
|704 Montgomery street
'654 Mission street.
San Mateo Countj-.
Centreville, Alameda County.
Capp street. ^
5U7 Mission street.
381 Montgomery street.
San Francisco.
do
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Eleventh, between Mission and Mar-
ket.
Seventh and Natoma streets.
Corner Mission and Third.
Kearny street.
Corner Eleventh and Harrison.
345 Fremont street.
305 Montgomery street.
46 Jes.sie street
648 Mission street.
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San Francisco.
Oakland City.
168 Perry street.
108 Bryant street.
11
82
Names.
Residences.
John Boyston 425 Fourth street.
E. RahjoIiM 532 Tehama street.
Patrick Harr}^
D. Corcoran
William ManniDg
John Bentz
Frank Kelly
Wi lliam Bro w n ;
I'jiigene N. Fritz
Thomas Johnson
John K3"der
James 5lcDermott
William Focjerty
Daniel Holland
J. !•". Pickerin<^ }
Geovfre C. Hall
W. H. Baskcrville
P h i 1 i p L lu 1 1 e y
Con wa}' Censb V
JohnR. Sheldoia
Thomas Tobin
John Egan jo Perry street.
Michael Creagh iLeroy Place, Sacramento street.
William Pendergast |l26 Shipley street. .
110 William street.
1070 Post street.
513 Minna street.
510 Minna street.
21 Stanley Place.
202 Howard street.
1(38 Perry street.
108 Harrison street.
209 Bryant street.
166 Tehama street.
118 Page street.
32^ Third street.
714 Howard street.
229 Third street.
372 Howard street.
35 Clementina street.
Minna street.
29 Hawthorne street.
O'Fairell street
James Long
John Blake
John Keane
J. Eades
G. H Bunker.^....
John McGee
W. J. McDoiigall.
Janies Thompson.
Simon Marks
Robert Fuller
S. Frowley
Patrick Killian...
Richard Booth...
J. Cook
John Riley
139 Natoma street.
17 Garden street.
909 Howard street.
134 Natoma street.
San Franrrisco.
Minna street.
727 Harrison street.
132 Howard street.
4G2 Third street '
12 Hampton Court.
Corner Seventh and Jessie.
Howard street.
129 Everett street.
41 Third street.
41 Everett street.
11 Brvant street.
William Kenned}'
Charles Brewster 1-4 South Park.
M. Rahol [21 Minna street.
J. B. Bean '65"^ Howi«-d street
C. J. (Gilbert
Charles Ball
Hugh (Jasey
Hugh Quinn
William (Jriimp ,
John F. Smith 127 Vallojo street
John Jones J24 Howard street
James Young i71 King street.
151 Natonia street.
151 ^satoina street.
151 Clementina street.
Folsom street.
147 Minna street.
88
Names.
Residences.
William Bradie
8am Brannan
Thomas Sawj-er
Harris Gates
M. McCarthy
D Corcoran
John Wilkensoti
J. N. Wescott
Owen Flaherty
John Hoiilahan
Sidney Hall
James Hall
J. N. Wescott
T. V. Reynolds
F. O'Conmor
R. F. Donovan
Charles Casey
William Johnson....
T. J. C(;nners
Jacob Villier
I. N. WiskofschiU..
James itiller
Thoti.as Millett
Conrad Herold ,
Charles V. Hussey.
E. W. Little
Hugh Cameron
James Connelly
Philip Eeilev
M. P. Dyer.."
Philip W. Brady....
John Bucking
Albert lloper
Edwin Lang
xVl. Fitzgerald,
Martm Kenney
Samuel Little
George Kelly
Thomas Brady
Diedrich Bucking...
John Colebert
James Cook
John Riley
John G. Little
-Richard Siemer
Frederick Bucking
James Smith
P. R. Page
William Warker ....
J. Porter
W. Sullivan
87 Everett street.
Corner California and Montgomery.
935 Mission street.
2"23 Seventh street.
Sutter street.
1070 Post street.
24 Minna street
316 Rich street.
410 Bryant street.
44 Ecker street.
207 Clara street.
207 Clara street.
160 Perry street.
510 Bryant street.
446 Third street.
535 Bryant street.
506 Townsend street.
304 Brj'ant street.
434 Third street.
344 Ritch street.
161 Perry street.
134 Perry street.
132 Minna street.
Corner Zoe and Welsh streets.
509 Bryant street.
320 Ritch street.
1880 Folsom street.
216 Ritch street.
509 Bryant street.
565 Bryant street.
107 Bryant street.
915 Bryant.
483 Brannan.
302 Ritch.
209 Ritch.
11 Freelon.
5 Liberty street.
19 Sixth street.
Bryant street.
515 Bryant street.
313 Ritch.
13 Hampton place.
41 Everett.
320 Ritch street.
73 Everett street.
515 Bryant.
Bryant.
20 Welsh street.
203 Ritch street.
20 Welsh street.
22 Welsh street.
84
Names.
Residences.
Thomas Sullivan
Patrick Collom
Edward Bryeiit
Thomas O'Byern....
A. Leach
James Kelly
John Milley
Michael Mullen
Eugene James
Michael Moor
Joseph Eckerhoff....
Thomas Hall
Patrick Eyan
Charles Horner
P. BadjLrer
J. W. Murray
William McElroy....
Michael Eyan
Charles J. Fox
William Creig
Jack Kearny
Charles McAseof.. ..
Howard Hamden
Bernard Manhattan.
James O'Donnell
Edward Keating
Thomas Canbers
James Van Ness
Dave Fleming
Francis Hoyt
William J. Quirk
Patrick CojHe
Daniel Tuniss
William MoFarley...
John Eussell
William Dooley
William Fuller
Frank Cavanagh
John Cavanagh
William Brenson
J. A. Nelson
R. Inches ,
E. Williams
E. Adams
E. Howard
John Esteburk
George Masterson...,
Charles Carmine
William Brownell ...,
J. L. Mayers
M M. Keating
i507 Bryant street.
13 Bran nan.
509 Bryant street
!S«Leon street.
1119 Sacramento street.
lo P^ighth street.
18 Gordon street
518 Bryant street.
719 Folsom street.
212 Bryant.
936 Howard street.
732 Harrison street.
149 Second street.
202 Jessie street.
37 Boj'd street.
26 First street.
149 Second street.
159 Second street.
149 Second street.
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49 Second street.
535 First street.
149 Second street.
1013 Kearnj' street.
256 First street.
146 Second street.
75 Minna street.
227 Second street
51 Clementina street.
100 Second street
1107 Pine street.
Steamship Oriflamme.
24 Jessie street.
Lick House.
Pacific M. Steam Co.
Howard street.
49 Steuart street.
33 Natoma street.
do
16 Natoma street.
33 Natoma street.
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do'
43 Second street.
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Francisco.
do
do
do
143 Second street.
San
85
Names.
Residences.
Jjimes Dowlini^ ..
Charles Biinstick.
Fabian Joost
II. Ilarnack .*
J. Lock wood
James. Korene
H. VVohlers
John Gorman
Andrew Kiitherford
Alexander Hay
Meyer Brothers
Peter Meyer
James Syme
Peter Nullar
James Kearney
John Buchanan
J. W. Bryan
James O'Conner
James Sullivan
Thomas Donohue
Patrick Kelly
Michael McNamara...
Jolin McC.Njrmick
W. H. Wood
Patrick Phelan
James (J. Sellers
B F. Fisher
Anthony Murphy ....
Edward Kenny
Samuel Head
Micliael Lawlor
James Todd
Benjamin F. Riley ...
J. B. Carey
James P. Edmond....
James Donohue
John K. Carson
John Kenny
Robert Croriin
Bartholomew Comer
Bartley Canavan
Joseph Jones
Benjamin Allen
L. Dobelman
A. Barrett
Michael Hogan
John Kerrigan
Frank Cunnintchara.
'221 Clara street.
1112 Taylor street.
Northeast corner Mission and Twen-
t3'-sixth streets.
Burnel Heights.
West End, San Mateo.
Burnel Heights.
Precita House, Mission street.
Burnel Heights.
Bartlett, between Twenty-fifth and
Twenty-sixth.
Bartlett street, between Twenty-
sixth and Twenty-seventh streets.
Folsom and Fremont.
Secretary Bay Sugar Refinery.
Twenty-fifth and Capp streets.
240 Capp street.
536 Howard street.
569 Howard street.
15 Second street.
Minna street.
20 Minna street.
236 Minna street.
227 Second street.
San Francisco,
do
61 Second.
283 Stevenson.
31 Second street.
403 Folsom.
568 Mission street.
do
1116 Powell street.
75 Stevenson.
San Francisco.
402 California street.
658 Mission street.
O'F'arrell street.
39 Minna street.
6 Natoma street.
Eighth and Clementina.
20 Minna street.
Sherwood place.
Twelfth street.
Filbert" street.
109 Jessie street.
13 Second street.
San Francisco,
do
649 Jessie street.
230 Third street.
86
Names.
J. S. McGuire
T. C. CosgrifF
John D. Fieldbush
B. Joost
John J. Wiseman
H. Burns ...
F Cooper ,
Peter Mej'n
A. B. Mylott
Henry Pleasant
D Hardie
W. B. Williams
John Kern
Thomas C. Johnson ...,
J. &T Stenley
J. K. Tobbenberko
E M. Aeils
M. Pier
P. Shine
J. Brina
John Catelin ,
Thomas H. Bradford ..
Thomas Giiillet
John Vaughn
Matthews Kiaas
John Bonnell}'
William Noeihig
Val. Heintz
Henry Canj'e
H. Hansche
(.'harles Lanbenj-erger
F. Seegcr
John K. Dnnn
Patrick Toon.y
Thomas A. Murraj'
James C. Drum
William Hartley
,1 a m es Car ber}-
Edward Jlowell
Daniel Meagher
Alexander Bowers
Eugene F. Herve
George E Williams. ..
W. W. Battles
H. Harbournc
F, J. Parcolls
Josiah D. Tanoy
Residences.
418 Sansom street. .
Webster street.
1221 Polk street.
Corner Twelfth and Folsom streets.
Twelfth, between Folsom and How-
ard.
Corner Eleventh and Folsom.
Eighth and Folsom.
Corner Folsom and Twelfth streets.
Southwest corner Thirteenth and
Folsom streets.
Twelfth street, near Folsom.
do
Nevada, between Folsom and Har-
rison streets.
Folsom, near Thirteenth street.
Hayes, between Buchanan and La-
guna streets.
Second street.
do
do
do
Tehama street.
do.
204 Second street.
Tehama street.
206 Second street.
26 Jessie street.
206 Second street.
62 Mission streei.
109 Tehama street.
147 i Tehama street.
218 Second street,
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216 Second street,
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219 Tehama street.
112 Tehama street.
Second and Howard streets.
Howard street, near Second.
Corner Second and Howarii.
12 Natoma street.
290 Jessie street.
2n3 Clay street.
553 Howard street.
Cottage place, Taylor street.
226 Second sti-eet.
207 Second street.
60!> Howard street.
IS Tehama street
208 Second street.
87
Names.
Residences.
J. V. Marriner
J. C. Hubbard
J. T. Poniicll
William HacUins
Allan McVicar.
G. Kuek
D.Kiick
James B. McLcllar
J). D. ChishoJm
J. G (Chittenden
John F. Higgins
J. H. Sehluter
G. F. C. Droge
J. J. Murph}-
\V. H. Boland
John Johnson
T. Murphj-
H. Steele
William J. Bryan
F. T. Feizel...'..
Louis Meyer
Thomas Thompson
, C. Caitanhault :..
J. & J. Davis
J. H. SeawL,ll
William A dcoek
R. Temple
William H. Davis
E. F. Watts
S. B. Saunders
E.W. Inches
H. A Buttner
M . M cGorr y
Thomas J. Chexton..
A E. Rover
MichaelMcCoy
Owen J. McCoy
John Lannon
John Estabrook
Hen rich Jazell
D. O. Mowry
Barthio J. Sha^'
Thomas J. Ovvens
M.J. Kelly
Mrs. Mary Goodman
G. L. Muller
John H en si ey
William O. Boren
J. L. Averill
John Mailes
William J. O'Shaugbnessy
California and Dupont
0 Tehama place.
43 Tehama street.
217 Second street,
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Corner Second and Tehama streets,
do
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72 Tehama.
. 4 Park place.
. 219 Second street.
, 263 Second street.
524 Plovvard street.
150 Second street.
47 Natorna street.
. 150 Second street
154 Second street.
. Howard street and Second.
, 618 Third street.
. 1509 Mission street.
, 156 Second street.
61 2vatoma street.
.Corner Sixth and Bryant streets.
. San Francisco,
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Tehama street,
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9 Huboard street.
617 Howar.i.
,146 Natoma.
. ,3o Natoma.
, 123 Tehama street.
610 Howard street.
! do
637 Howard street.
604 Howard street.
do
33 Tehama street.
Howard street.
.jSecond street
.1510 Howard street.
614 Market street.
421 Pine street.
. Hayes Valley.
,j ■ do
. iSan Francisco.
. ;704 Fblsom street.
,^255 Minna street.
.469 Clementina street.
.149 Eleventh street.
JNorthwest corner Green and Sutter.
88
Names.
Resideuces.
Ephram P. Hill
J. H. Mclnnes
P. S. Maloney
James Mulcahy
S. F. Walters
L. L. Lubosh
F. A. Wilkins
0. B.Kennedy
A. Currier
B. D.Hays
Thomas C. Eiddell..
Patrick Lynch ,
David Wierner ,
Emil Schneider
John Prestwich
John Lehritter
Michael Murphy
0. Jacdicka
Owen .McCabe
Daniel O'Brien
George J. Campbell,
Michael O'Brien
Richard Barrj-
Michael CloUan
John Carrol
John Corriiran
Patrick Higgins.
L. D. Sullivan...
Edward GiLlin
John Coyne
James Pratt
James P. McCaffert}-..,
Hobert Poper
D. J. Murphy
A. S. G. Kaminling
E Clark
Daniel .MalK>tiey
Thomas T.Barry
Barney N. Brannigan.
Owen O'Neill !
Michael Rice
Andy F. Smith
Daniel O'Keeffe
John O'Lary
John J. Bradle}-
John O'Keefe
William Garve\-
Thomas Burns
D. J Fleming
C Ewing
Timothy O'Niel
710 Ellis street.
110 Lark in street.
61 G Larkin street.
612 Larkin street.
43 O' Parrel I street.
San Francisco
(ill liarkin street.
Larkin and Ellis streets.
708 Larkin street.
725 Ellis street.
16 Twelfth street.
610 Larkin street.
709 Larkin street.
Corner of Larkin and Ellis streets.
Potrero.
037 Kearny street.
Commeix-ial street.
1 10 Dupont street.
San Francisco.
(^lemcnlina street.
551 Mission street.
34 Frederick street.
165 Perry street.
19 Calhoun street.
211 Stevenson street.
8 Brook street.
25 Stevenson street.
17 Welsh street.
575 Mission street.
125 Clay street. •
516 Stevenson street.
28 Minna street.
28 Kearny sti'eet.
132 Clementina street.
311 Clementina street.
125i Shipley street.
212 Sieuart street.
Third street.
N street
634 Howard street.
1 Clara street.
136 Perry street.
136 Perry street.
746 Sacramento i-treet.
Cor. Washington and Montgomery.
"3 Third street.
24 Jessie street.
San Francisco
51 Clementina street.
416 Market street.
331 Mission street.
89
Names.
Residences.
Christopher Sheehan
James Nealan
William Foi^arU'
"William McKinnis
Patrick O'Connor
Dennis Farrell
Silas Deane
Hugh McGeehan
James Barrett
James Kiida}'
William Noble ..
John McDonnall
William (irogan ,
JvJward Moran
John Coriian
Patrick Egen
John J. Sweeny
Michael Ford
Timothy Murphy...,
Francis F. Lynch ..
John P.Hall
Thomas Lougliran
Micluiel Greaiiy . ...
James Burke
David Kane
Patrick A. Dasha...,
Denis Whelan
Jose|)h Kell}-
Maurice Sheehan....
Owen Kelly
James O'Connell....
P. S. Guerin ,
P. Killiliar
Henr}^ J. Brown..
Charles M Brown .
James M. Conney ..
James Walsh ,
James McQueen v...,
T. D. Murphy..."....
John (Jollins,.
Michael Farrel! ...
D. O'Keefe
John Powers
Charles O'Neil
Dana & (>odington.
Owen Hindelon ...
James Zak
John Folev
82 Jessie street.
San Francisco.
4 Stockton place.
40 Folsom street.
16 TajJor street.
34 Tehama street.
Occidental Hotel.
43 Piitch street.
318 Clementina street.
23 Third street.
20 Ritch street.
47 Minna street.
do
416 Filbert street.
Sansom street, between Union and
Green.
San Francisco.
10 Spear place.
527 Folsom street.
727 Clementina street.
53 Clara street.
514 xMission street.
San Francisco.
827 Brannan street.
160 Clementina street.
1217 Powell street.
179 Minna street.
157 Shiple}' street.
1231 Folsom street.
Clementina street.
212 Broadway.
108 Main street.
[Huight street.
j454 Minna street.
253 Jessie street.
139 Shi))ley street.
42 and 40 First street.
i757 Mission street.
jl77 Shiple\' street.
j"i64 Minna street.
116 Natoma street.
Howard street and Howard court.
|29 Hunt street.
!56 Natoma street.
,210 Leidesdorff street.
.Corner Lombard and Gough streets.
132 First street.
'234 Minna street.
!8 Howard court.
12
90
Names.
Residences.
585 Mission streot.
21 Louisa street.
112 Ritch street.
Job ri Coiilej-
John Fleming
James Kelly
Peter Eafferty 'San Francisco.
Nicholas Garston .|lo2 First street.
Micliael McLoughlin ."j227 Second street.
John J. Cahill [1208 Union street.
Edward Doherty |1202 Union street.
Redmom) Walsh ....
Patrick Wallace
J. F. Forrester
Patrick O'Mara
Thomas Murray
Richard O'Gornian
J. D. Grant
W. O'Brien ,
Hugh Carlin
Patrick Cailinan...
John Joseph Kelly
R. Sullivan ,
Theodore Bloder...,
William Smith
2G llariiet street.
49 ISIaloma street.
San Frarscisco.
Beale street.
1120 Market street.
24 Perry street.
Corner Fifth and Mission.
San Jos6 depot.
269 Minna
13 Freelon street.
25 Freelon street.
Pine street, near Montgomery
602 Market street.
San Francisco
225 O'Fiirrcll street.
11. S. Falconer
A. H. Aaron :142 Sutter street.
Daniel Winter !211 Kearn}- street.
W. A. Robertson {240 Montgomery.
C Y. Hammond kSan Francisco.
James Fogart}*
Simon Walsh
Joanes Lapreeyo
Olonzo Parigo
Jacob Alfonces
Thomas Finley
William Conners
Milton Wallace
James Ryan
Bryan McCarty
Jacob Miller
James Walters
Anthony Williamson,
Patrick McCiuirc
Charles St. Clair
John Burke
Thomas McElroy
Anthony Crown
Charles W. Mallon ..
John McEntyre
John Gray
James Schelds
John Mulony
Patsey Molony
do
14 Clara.
71 Steuart street .
do
do
1 19 Stevenson street.
82 Jessie street.
Natoma street.
8 Minna street.
39 Howard street.
79o Mission street.
Mission street.
371 Mission street.
31 Jessie street.
Minna street.
Howard street.
do
710 Mission street.
San Francisco.
257 Minna street.
24 (>lementina street.
76 Clementitia.
do
do
91
Names.
Residences.
Michael Kean
Joseph Rediiigioi)..
Pait Grant
George Atwood... ...
O J. Burns
Tliomas Kj'ne
Jolin Casedy
Andy MeCan
James Downey
Denis Donohuo
Anthonj' Parker....
James Devlin
Martin F. O'Farrell
Peter Marooney ....
Michael Brady
James H. Peterson.
Aiick Burke
Martin Silver
Theodore Paxton....
James L. Parker....
Miehaei Walters ....
Mark Timpleton
Jamas Berwick
Marcus Barnes
Sirus Walton
Martin Kelly
Martin Kenedy
Alick Simpson
William Kelly
Michael Fox
John Fowler
James Fleming
James Prendergast.
Martin Wheeler
William Rodgers....
William Spell man..
Henry Cuiller
Martin Van Sickels
John Byam
William Virtinzo....
James Duffy
Marino Antonia ....
Farmer P. Yalenus
Markus Kell3^
Martin Gilman
William Freeman..
Jacob Marks
Nicholas Byrne
Martin Kafferly
Arin Clapp
Peter Reely
Howard street.
Seventh street.
Clementina street.
TwentA'-second street.
Jackson street.
Silver street.
Third street.
do
Folsom street.
Stevenson street.
Market street.
do
Garcia street.
Market street.
F'olsom street.
do.
Tehama street.
Mission street.
do
do
Market street.
173 Market street.
409 Market street.
301 Clementina street.
8 Steuart street.
Jessie street.
9 i\nthony street.
Anthony street.
Main street.
do
339 Merchant street.
[213 Market street.
302 Howard street.
207 First street.
904 Folsom street.
Mission street.
Natoma street.
Minna street.
Brannan street.
Steuart street.
Jessie street.
Steuart street.
San Francisco.
Main street.
Tehama street.
Silver street.
do
do
do
Folsom street.
Market street.
92
Names.
Residences.
James Manniii<r Teliama street
P. J. Gray
Thomas Sullivan
Michael McDonnell
Anthony Fowler
Michael Conle}' ,
Denis O'Brien
James Donohue
Michael McGlanghiin...
William McGlaughlin...
Thomas Smith
•Joseph McDonoiigh....
Edmond Barrett
Henry Klopengcr
James Lemhan
Anthony Calnau
P. Murry
Michael Seetell
James Finle\-
Fredrick Alsphas
Inanyta Victnoe
John VV. Cowdon
James T. Winters
Michael Freeil
Levy Kerlincrer
Stephen P. Donevan
Chirley Zee<):ler
James L. French
Arthur Fevry
Maurice Mulcahy
Martin Roach....'
Michael Adea
Lawrence Shaughnessy
Alphonsus Marino
Charles Berminirham....
Second street.
Jessie street.
do
Mission street.
do
Natoma street.
Jessie street.
San Francisco.
do
Howard court.
Clementina street.
do
Fremont street.
P'olsom street.
Fremont street.
Mission street.
Baldwin court.
How'ard court.
Main street.
do
Baldwin place.
St. Mark's place.
Jones alle}'.
Third street.
First street.
17 Silver street.
630 Mission street.
17 Baldwin court.
Tehama street.
do
Steuart street.
Hitch street
do
Minna street.
Tehama street.
Michael M. Feeny
Thomas Fahraher iMinna street.
Mortimer Holmes do
James O'Brien Mission street.
Michael Glinane
William Benk
Gones Jackins
William Blackwood
John Short
John Brogan
Jeremiah Danes
Timothy Joslyn.. ..
James Johnson
Adolph Lely
James Andrews
562 Howard street.
Jones street.
John street.
Second Avenue.
Lai'kin street.
ol9 Minna street.
Jessie street.
Third street.
Sixth street.
Jessie street.
Clara street
Patrick Avery J34 Howard
street.
1)3
Names.
Andy Qiia<ie
(.'{ID Vaich
Theodore Roach
Ira James
John Martin
Michael Youiies
( 'harles YoutiLi;
Daniel Qiiiglev
I.arry Neil....'
James Slaltery
William O'.Slii.'a
John ILimlet
Willitim Barton
SamJey Conkley
Timothy Quii^ley
James Jackson
Benjamin James
Con. FilZiierald.
James O'Brien
Thomas Farrell
Dennis Sheehan
James Miilcahey
Baitly McAnaly
James Maroney
T. Suvery
Michael McMay
Peter James
John Kirk
James O'Grady
Patsey Diinlap
P. J Cady
(.'ardoza Avalencia ...
James Brady
John Moore
James Vantine
Edward Qiiaid
Bartly McHarlncy ...
Timmj- McHerrick...
James O' Urien
Barlly Moran
And}' Degrian
William Legroot
Philip Jemason
Anthony McMurtha.
James Ad rain
Albert J;awrence
Michael Ryan
Hii_<;h O'Konrke
Joseph J. Farrell
Jumes McEnery
John McTiernan
Residences.
410 Howard street.
400 Mission street.
ISO Jessie street.
Thirteenth street.
oU8 Jones street.
*14 Ilowai'd street.
Second avenue.
•584 Folsom street.
18 Howard street.
395 Mason street.
49 Jones street.
Jones street.
14 Jones alley.
11 Essex street.
56 Everett street.
34 Naloma street.
618 Harrison street.
218 Sixth street.
69 First street.
18 Jones street.
48 First street.
9 ]Naloma.
10 Folsom.
6 Park avenue.
South Park.
314 Harrison street.
218 Bryant street.
14 Mason street.
Exeter Place.
18 First street.
First avenue.
Sutton avenue.
Twenty-first street.
Folsom street.
(■) South Park.
74 Harrison street.
45 .Sixth street.
18 Eighth street.
140 Second street.
Eighth street.
Sixteenth street.
180 Jackson street.
418 Pacific street.
373 Mason street.
76 O'Favrell street.
San Francisco.
818 Howard street.
Corner Fourth ami Jessie streets.
24 Fourth street.
-il9 Clementina street.
76I2 Mission street.
94
Names.
Residences.
Hu<:;h Biixter
Parker Mc>rrill
A. P Anderson ....
T. Twohey
James Dealey
Michael Ciilli/^^^aii..,
H. Scholtcn
Henry Hughes
Terrenoe Sullivan .
Louis Mowry
Isaac Leipsig
James Tobin
James Stewart
John Corcoran
William R. Clark.
I. W. Cornan...
J. D. Brosmavi
W. S. O'Brien
L. Cunningham.
John J. Armstrong
Eichard Cuffe
John J. Kearney
John Quigley
Richard Walsh
John O. N. Smith
William L. Dickenson
John Leonard
E. B. Cary
J. Cahalin
M. Brosnan
John Cr. T;:icy
Thomas F. Ci'Brien
Paul Odermatt
Henry Joseph Brown...
Micliael Hart
P. McEntirc
Matthew Lowniiig
Peter Daly '
P. Baley
Maihew O'llalloran ....
Charles Sweeney..
James Lareil
Michael Crein
John Murphy
Timothy liynch
John Nahel_v
Terry Kcans
John C-'alhihan
James Callahan
Corny Crowley
Market street.
San Francisco.
do
y26 Third Street.
524 Mission street.
218 Ritch street.
164 Clara street.
Freelon street.
125 Fourth street.
721 Sansom street.
Pine street.
Mission street.
Fourth street.
558 Howard street.
Dr. Smith's Water Cure, corner
California aad Dupont streets.
San Francisco.
150 Tehama street.
Seventh street, south of Brannan.
413 Stevenson street.
4o7 Minna street.
o26 Mission street.
53() Howard street.
Fifth street.
San Francisco.
Minna street.
San Francisco.
Mission street.
875 Minna street.
271 Stevenson str^t.
King street.
b4 Louisa street
San Francisco.
11 O'Farrell alley.
253 Jessie street.
70 Natoma st reet.
San Francisco.
23 Louisa street.
242 Minna street.
21 Seventh street.
.Menio Park.
Howard street.
Howard street.
48 Louisa street.
San Francisco.
6 Howard street.
Sixth and Brannan streets.
Sixtli and Brannan streets.
Sixth and Brannan streets.
Sixth and lirannan streets.
334 Third street
95
Names.
Residences.
Barno\- Fh-tm
William Kenned}'
Milton Thayers
(."harles Brewer
Alexander Stevenson
James Honlly
Thomas P^enjminfi;....
William Heulj....^...
Martin Ryan
Matiiew Joyco
John Kelly
Miles I)(M"an.
.James Manning
Patri(-1< Martin
James Fitzpatrick....
Miles Rierdan
Patrick Foye
Coleman Caulan
James Coleman
William Brannan
James Moiiaghan
Martin Quigley
W^illiam Flaherty
Thomas Fitzgerald..
James Canavan
Henr}' Rider....
Martin Realy
William J. Burke ....
Martin Glynn
Timothy Cfolvan
Martin Reilly
James Farley
Martin Mullen
Michael Wall
William Cosgrove
James Frances ,
James Quinn
Thomas T. Pickett..
Charles Newman
Martin Tragi ey
Michael Tobin
Charle}^ Nichol.son...,
Michael Cantv 28 Louisa street.
John E. Mcliugh 8 Noble place.
John Flanegan 55) Clementina street.
.Martin F. Kearney 159 Clementina street.
.Michael Biirnes |59 Clementina street.
James .Morris.sy j 12 Fverett street.
.Michael MuUowny 12 Everett street.
James Finnegan j527 Mis^iion street.
Thomas Pursell 1729 Jessie street.
720 Jessie street.
lit Folsom street.
327 Folsom street.
2U) Mission street.
15 Folsom street.
613 Brannan street.
907 Brannan.
10 St en art street.
197 Noble place.
Folsom street.
17 Jessie sti'eet. '
132 Stevenson.
13 FA^erett street.
510 Brannan street.
312 Minna.
132 Brannan.
8 Sherwood place.
139 Minna street.
Clementina street.
73 Folsom street.
Jones street
103 Natoma street.
Mission street,
do
Folsom street,
do
32 Folsom street.
59 Folsom street.
Jones alley.
Third street,
do
do
705 Mission street.
Jessie street,
do
Jones alley.
do
Dora street.
741 Mission street.
Folsom street.
Bryant street.
Third street.
96
Names.
Residences.
Martin Nowt^iito
Thomas Pron(k'r<,fasl..
Martin ('oiitiors
liernard Conlaii
Barney Jones
Plinj' Jackes
Kapel Oram-
John T. Larkin
Martin Fowler
Anthony Calnon
Jolin H. Cunniii,i!;hani.
Jeramiah l*. Sullivan,
Michael G 0>,fden
Charles Powers
Michael W. Dolan
Timothy M. Peters....
John T Golden
Michael Bnrke
David Summer!}'
Austin Gray..^
Denis Powers
L G. Galligar
P. L. Williamson
Martin Heiward
James Stanton
Ezekiel Stout
Miles J. Bray
Edward Fetmes}'
James S. Ilaskel
Michael Flatley
Thomas Dolan
Michael llyan
P. J. Albri-rht
Michael Henry
Arthur Mctruigiii ....
Fi-edrick Smidths ....
Julius Armstein
Moses Y. Ambrose...
Mortimor Jacks(Mi —
James Alhi-edth
Andrew S. Jackson...
Julius Dunn Clark....
Anthon Brown
Michael J. McClusky
Denis Y. Newmas
Arthur Bradley
James W. Is'oonan....
Peter T. Marren
Thomas 11. M orison .
Thomas Noonan
John Skerrett
Bryant street.
Silver street.
do
San Francisco.
First avenue.
Russ street.
800 Seventh street.
Tli) Bran nan street.
Jessie street.
do
27 Dora street.
Jessie street.
Market street.
M inn a street.
Motth Beach.
do
do
Steuart street.
do
■ do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Silver street.
Everett street.
do
do
Minna street.
do
Belden Place.
do
St. Mary's Place.
do
Brannan sti"eet.
Harrison street.
do
do
do
do
Brannan street.
~']\) Folsom street.
Folsom street.
ID;-) Clara street.
Clara street.
do
do
Dora street.
San Francisco.
97
Names.
Residences.
Amtinuol Hermcna
Martin J. Corcoran
Mic-liaol Dool}-
Alvisa F. Llysut
D J. Collins
Martin Doniflierty
Anthony Miller
Patrick C. Ilobin
Michael S. Smith
John O'Ncale
Fredrick Slouch j
Martin VV. Shew
Andrew Walton
Martin S. Tylor
James H. Barnes
i£. VV. Wriorht
James P. Durkin
Charles Fisher ..
Michael S. Burke
Josc|)h Usher
P. McCuc
Nicholas Ward
Anthony Holleran
James Ilenrj' Gleeson
Michael Kodgers
Mark Dunbar
Francis Ordsteen
Walter Smith
Henrv F. Warren
B. P." Butler
J K. Butler
George W. Anderson..
Martin McIIenry
Terrence O'Brien
Martin (Jostello
George Brightmore.. ..
James Daniels
Thomas S. Winters
S. F. Wetherby
Mi(;iiaol Bradiy
Milton Walters
Charles J. Bradford
Walton Q. Morse
Andrew Fahy
Edmond Wheeler
Michael Coogan
Alvide Pemberton
D. F. Stokes
Thomas J. Crowley
13
Bran nan street,
do
do
do
Minna street.
Silver street.
do
Howard street.
Folsom street.
do
Fremont street.
do
507 Mission street.
161 Folsom street.
17 Jones alley.
Howard street.
Clementina street.
do
do
Broadway street,
do
do
do
do
Albert place.
Main street.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Howard street.
do
do
Harrison str'^et.
Bryant street.
do
do
do
do
do
Folsom street.
do
719 Folsom street.
Jessie street.
98
Namea.
Kesidenoes.
John Mori.irty
James Concieii
Peter ITe:it;iui
William Jlender.son
Thomas Rochford Blair
Michael Powers
Thomaf!* McNamara ....
(4eorifC Wimcoop
Martin Waldion
Peter 8. Slocum
Martin MeNerve
Michael P. Hawkins....
Andrew Mitcbeli
Henry S. Blair
Martin Trench
Joseph W. Arthurs
Michael J. Edmonds....
D. Murray
J. S. vShannon
S. F. Lucas
Luke Flemming
Stephen Colbert
Albert T. Willis
Michael Henrj- Small...
Martin S. Condon
William F. Paul
James Fitzpatrick
William W. Gibbons....
Michael Van Vleet
Charles Miller
M ar ti n W li eal i n
Thaddeus Fullerton ....
Martin Gildca
John Fitzi^crald
Michael Martin
Timothy McNamara ...
John P. Dufty
George F. Salsbury
James Fogarty
William Anderson
Martin J. Haskill
GoracW Wallace
Martin Tinertj' ,
Timothy Flynn
.lohn T. Steward
James Howard
George Tibbits
Miles Himficld
Adam Vichcrs
Miles Grogan
Joseph Gilfoile
711 Folsom street.
do
Second street.
do
do
do
do
Branrian street.
do
do
Folsom street.
do
do
Tehama street.
do
Third strtet.
do
do
Noble Place.
do
Market street,
Minna street.
217 Sutter street.
Sutter street.
Sacramento street-
do
Market street.
167 Fourth street.
264 Fourih street.
732 Mission street.
602 Mission street.
304 First street
207 First street.
First street.
do
Second street.
do
do
do
do
201 First street.
Thirteenth street.
Tiiirtconth street.
217 Mission street.
Noble Place.
I.ick alley.
Kcker street.
Ecker street.
Fckcr street.
Tjick alle}'.
13 Sumner street.
99
Names.
Residences.
Michael Henderson..
Adam Hertchell
Thomas Brannan ...
Michael T. Kyan
Herbert Ford
Oliver T. Merritt
Martin K. Smith
Michael Dohan
John Tyler
William Ogden
S. O. Sterne
Michael O'Shea
John McCliiskey
James T. Merritt
Barney Mulligan
B. Cooligan ,
Michael Finnegan...
James C. Lamb
Oliver Brewster
Thomas Burton
Michael Quirk
James Kavenagh
Mark S. Tields.'
M. Slater
Morgan Shiner
A. P. Galligan
Michael Fynn
Michael Ford
Alexander McNabb
James Haskel
Jonas Butchel
Frederick Murtch...
James Sullivan
Martin O'Farrell
Michael Kiricade
James Burke
Patrick Murphy
James Winterfield...
A. Nutsell
Martin Smith
Hubert Williams
Martin Hopkins
Edward Riely
James Finley
Thomas Joice
Charles Glinn
Thomas Parker.
Nicholas Ford
William Walsh
Michael MuUoy
Denis Houlehan
13 Sumner street.
13 Sumner street.
370 Brannan street.
275 Minna street.
719 Folsom street.
970 Folsom street.
207 Eighth street.
207 Eighth street.
207 Eiglith street.
360 Fourth street.
210 Third street.
374 Third street.
106 Second street.
234 Third street.
917 Folsom street.
267 Minna street.
Minna street.
Jessie street.
South Park.
South Park.
South Park.
Bryant street.
Brj'ant street.
399 Bryant street.
Bryant street.
Howard street.
Jessie street.
719 Market street.
Howard street.
Howard street.
417 Brannan street.
Brannan street.
315 Seventh street.
53 Dora street.
207 Seventh street.
309 Seventh street.
Eighth street.
230 Si.xth street.
401 Sixth street.
San Francisco.
Seventh street.
do
First street.
127 Fourth street.
43 Everett street,
Kverett street.
Minna.
Stevenson street.
do
Fourth street.
do
100
Names.
Residences.
Joseph Ferris
JVItvrlin Slojier
William Patersoii...
Mi'.-liael Stc%'ens
Nicholas Vinson
Stej)hen Miller
James Muloney
J. A. McCJnne..
S. T. CoUett
Michael Pennider. ..
David Collison
Henry T. Smith
James Wallace
Malachy Hasset
Patrick McDermott
Michael Darcy
James Fowler..
George McAdams ...
Henry Powell
Martin Kennedy
Frederick S. Waller.
William Beatchy
J. W. Slimot
Michael O'Brien .. ..
James O'Brien
James (Jlasky
Michael Add
Anthony Supple
Frederick Church ...
Marien Alberstine...
Michael Devi ne
James Devine
William Nowlan
Howard street.
Seventeenth street.
iMis.'^ion.
14 Fifth street.
Albert place.
do
Broadway.
193 Steuart street.
210 Steuart street.
Steuart street.
do
Fremont street.
Third street.
do
Clay street.
do
Third street.
do
261 Third street.
217 Tehama street.
209 Kearny sti-eet.
Albert place.
San Francisco.
Jessie street.
Corner First and Mission.
Seventh street.
Seventh and Minna.
417 Third street.
307 Third street.
296 Third street^
do
do
281 Minna.
217 Stevenson street.
John Durie Cusheon
J. O'Jjeary jlvuss House.
M. B. French San Francisco
George P. Rowane.
George Lewis.
310 Third street.
Eleventh street.
Fourtli street.
530 Tehama street.
San Francisco.
Thomas C. Ramsey.. jSan [''rancisco.
Walter Genning
James Sbaughnessy
John Rogers
Michael Flaherty jii70 Brannan street.
J. B. Fair ;340 Brannan street.
Howard street.
716 Howard street.
301 Brannan street.
261 Seventh street.
136 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
71 Geary street.
Michael Quigly
All)ert II. Jackson.
William Giles
John Hayes
Thon.as W. Byder.
Michael Francis....
Julian Powell
101
Names.
Residences.
Dr. Jones
Martin Albriiflit
James Cavenaiigh
Thomas W. Purcill..
Michael Co3'ne
Daniel Foi^arty
.lames lloper
William Cloonan
Geori^e Flemming....
Thomas Buli^'er
Orpheus Bannister...
Bryan Cloonan
William Pinder
Mintor Lafrntch
Augustus Plover
Thomas Jo3'ce
Bryan Adea
Oro fSalina
Thomas Sullivan
Michael Smith
Michael Powers
Patrick O'Grady
John Hartigan
Michael Shaiiahan....
James F. Rj-an
James Brewster
William Prickling....
Joseph Inchbaw
Steven Sullivan
William Hopkins
John S. Prindevell...
W P. Heart
Charles O'Riely
Martin Fehely
Austin T. Flood
William Mackesou...,
B. Scanlon
J. W. Short
W. P. Franklin
John Powers
Thomas F. Kcilv
M. Ploddy ".
William Brecket
Martin Fowler
Adam Schultz
Frank McManana
Timothy O'Calahan..
Martin Van Lier ,
James W. Van Voras
Markus J. Anderson..
John S Haskel
O'Farrell street.
San Francisco.
Seventh street.
Fourth street.
Chesley place.
2(il Minna str ;et.
490 Fourth street.
302 Fourth street.
Seventeenth street.
Carroll place.
Third street.
476 Folsom street.
761 Folsom street.
461 Folsom street.
Market street.
Lick alley.
Albert place.
Brannan street.
Anthony place.
do
Stevenson street.
do
do
Minna street.
Jessie street.
719 Howard street.
Steuart street.
do
Folsom street.
San Francisco.
Lick alley.
Third street.
Third street.
Second street.
Fourth street.
Fourth street.
Fourth street.
Filbert place.
609 Folsom street.
Jessie street.
Howard street.
261 Fourth street.
Povvell street.
Filbert place.
Howard Court.
7 Dora street.
517 Jessie street.
Corner Seventh and Bryant.
Silver street.
Howard street.
Howard street.
102
Names.
Maritio St. Alvroo
Austin F. Blake
James Coughlin
Daniel S. Summerly
Henry S. O'Keefe.'.
S. S. Smithfield
P. I. Melody
Thomas Melody
James S. Burnes..
John Hennery Frawley.
Martin McAndrew
Francis S. Pinkerton...
J. P. Davis
Michael J. Ferris
James Travers
Martin S. Fowler
James F. Kotchford
Anthony Flicer
James W. Bamson
Warden J. Fowler
Joseph M. Haskell
Simon O'Leury
Paul Sheriden
Michael O'Mealy..
John Burns
Hugh Green
Daniel Morgan
Peter Morgan
Joseph Spellman
Peter W. Ford
J . Murphy...
William F. Hackett
P. F. W. Ryan
Aurther Mullory
George Cassedy
Henry S. Beecher
Martin L Nugent
James F. Donohue
Michael D. Fennerty ....
Jerome T. Silver
Anthony O'Mealy
Martin N. Costillo
Patrick Costillo
Henry Ij. Wencle
George Fowler
Hennery A. Fisher
Martinis Hooper ,
Thomas Henry O'Brien
Martin Coleman
Michael Flattery ,
Tim. O'Brien
Reaidenoes.
Howard street.
Howard street.
Silver street.
Silver street.
Bran nan street.
Bryant street.
Clara street.
Clara street.
Minna street.
473 Minna street.
Stevenson street.
Madison avenue.
Howard street.
Howard Court.
Milton Place.
Milton Place.
Market street.
St. Mark's Place.
St. Mark's Place.
St. xM ark's Place.
364 Market street.
132 First street.
132 First street.
do
do
do
do
do
Mission street.
do
do
do
do
Natoma street.
do
do
do
'do
do
do
Tehama street.
Mission street.
do
do
Fremont street.
do
do
Steuart street.
do
Everett street.
Jones alley.
108
Names.
Residences.
Michael T. Smith ....
John Dorsey
Dennis O'Calihaii ....
Martin Maloway
Thomas Carriek
Alexander Powell....
Malich}' Flynn
Thurston Parkman...
James Finnegan
Maryetta Signora ....
James Bermingham .
Maiaehy Flemraing...
Maritio Contiaro
Thomas Frelund
Denis Hoagland
James Donovan
John Fortiscue
John Parkinson
Michael Cannon
Ulick Mc.\ndrew
Morgan Sullivan
Stivers L Freeland...
Solomon Harris
Thomas Jefferson
Martin Clemins
Martin Oleveer
James Lannon
Charles Freeman
Thomas Brimigiim ...
John Pendleton
Michael Coleman
Nicholas Walsh
Syrus Dunn
Albert Loyd
James Fleming
Martin Falkner
Sampson Rogers
Thadeus Flatiegan
Martin Twohy
James Costillo
William Prindeville
James Fitzgibbons ..
Alfred Flowley
James Morrissy
Martin F. Bolger
Thomas Corcoian . ..
Martin Van Vleet ...
James W. Sennett...
Christopher Bowers
James H. Fowler
James Walsh
17 St. Ann place.
Minna stret.
73 Jones allej*.
169 Howard street.
Sansom street.
do
Tehama street.
Sacramento street.
Jessie street.
Stevenson street.
Vallejo street.
do
109 Steuart street.
169 Folsom street.
398 Folsom street.
9 Stevenson.
759 Mission.
10 Minna.
Tehama street.
923 Louisa street.
37 Jessie street.
2 Everett street.
Lick Alle}'.
327 Clara street.
214 Sacramento street.
213 Sacramento street.
932 Howard.
269 Minna.
1121 Mission.
781 Bran nan.
17 Stevenson street.
163 Stevenson street.
274 Howard street.
369 St. Mary street.
Dora street.
168 Minna street.
341 Market.
207 Folsom.
36 Clay street.
46 Clay street.
789 Mason street.
Sixteenth street.
do
Everett sti'eet.
631 Jessie street.
207 Jessie street
Eleventh street.
183 Brvant street.
362 Bryant street.
Corner Sansom and Market.
113 Steuart street.
104
Names.
Residences.
Martin Scott
James McCoy
John P. Dcjniielly .,
Miles Einmctt .......
Fredrick .Miller
Michel Farrelly
Martin Bohin
William Sullivan ....
Garrett Doyle
Tim. Danily
Daniel Dineen
John Lovvih
William Wynne
John Sellory
William Halpin
David Reilly
Richard Tobin
Patrick Gouirh
P. T. Shenden
James Wall
William R\-an
Michael McCabe
P. McHe ity
Bernard (Jarolon ....
Michael Kelly
Patrick A. Sullivan.
Timothj' Toby
Edward Byrnes
Spreckles & Co
T. JBLage matin
M. O. Regan
Denis O'Brien
William Masterson .
Bernard McConville
O. C. Miller
Arthur Kelly
Patrick Holland
S. Kolilman
E. B. Lazalle
J. Riordan
M. Reynolds
Edward McKiernor..
Thomas Dunn
L. McCartj-
James Jolin.-^on
Thomas Sullivan .,
Geor;Lce W. Morrill.,.,
J W.Wallace
Fredrick Miller
James Renfroe
Steuart street.
Hayes street.
Brannan street.
do
do
413 Brannan street.
247 Jessie street.
416 Mission sti-eot.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
150 Minna street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Northwest corner of Fourth and
Minna.
Folsom and Beale streets.
601 California street.
San Francisco.
do
do
909 Kearny.
San Francisco.
722 O'Farrell street,
loo Folsom.
San Francisco.
228 O'Farrell street.
197 Fourth street.
•164 Jessie street.
.San Francisco.
9 Geary street.
217 Stevenson street.
209 Montgomery street.
105
Names.
Residencea.
Jcriy Dixon
F. B. Kctchurn
Alfred W. Drelingor..
Josopli Gillctt
James Gee
Martin Flahert}'
Michael Delany
James Tlogan
John Kehoe
Willard Anthony
Morgan Mullan
Arthur Pritzell
Walter Hays
Timoth}' Crowley
Thomas ('arroll
John Hickey
Thomas McKlusky...,
Thomas Egan
Michael Corcoran ,
Michael H. Flood
James Walsh
Andrew .Smith
John L Gray
William Toomv
John O'Keeffe".
Kdward H. Ivoj-
M. Whelan
H. Wempe
John C. Buck master..
Francis A Odei-matt.
D. Morgan
D. E llogan ,
Owen Crean
Michael Cahen
John Douglass
John O'Kane
Daniel Horgan
Bartliolomew Wren..
Patrick Ilaugliey
John Fly tin
John Osmond
Jeremiah J. Donovan.
James J. Hart
James O'Hara
W. Fleming
Patrick Maguire
Thomas Heart
Thomas Quiri
05 Montgomery street.
428 Natoma.
G'J St. Mary's place.
173 First street.
Natoma street.
368 Natoma street.
St. Mark's place.
12 Noble place.
Third street.
Market street.
51 Clementina.
91 Elaine street.
716 Bush street.
239 Minna street.
269 Stevenson street.
230 Main street.
309 Geary street.
177 Jessie street.
549 Bryant street.
133 Dora street.
Sutter street
4!4 Beal street.
E lis street.
Natoma street.
jSan Francisco.
do
JSII Clementina street.
San Francisco.
do
10 O'Farrell street.
Southwest corner Eddy and Bu-
chanan streets.
Moss street.
San Francisco.
do
Corner Brannanand Sixth.
508 Bran nan street.
1 Zoe place.
San Francisco.
I do
I do
i do
64 and 66 First street.
I do
J30 Han-ison street.
51 Clementina street.
San Francisco.
530 Mission street.
362 Third street.
14
106
Names.
Thonius Dougan.
Dr. B. 11. Cowiin.
Roger Groom
John McDcvitt....
II. Bruggeman
Bernard O'Connor
William Noonan
Patrick Landus
John Cummings
Peter Clancy
Daniel Sheehan
David Buckley
Kobert Drought
Lawrence Walsh
Charles E. Broad
N. J. Jones
James Kane ,
Nicholas Willoughby.
Patrick Byrne
Thomas Lynch
John McCormick
Edward Duffy
Patrick Cosgrove
Aulhey Foster
Michael O'Grady
Thomas Green
William McNamara...
Robert Shea
James Ryan
William Ilogan
H. S. Murphy
Robert Davis
John Kenn}'
M. Lynch ,,
Thomas D O'Connor,
John Lyons
Edward Cleary
John Collins
Nicholas Lennon
Jeremiah Crawley
John Sands
Joseph Monks
Charles Ilinkel
Philip Caltaghan
James Donahoe
John Moore
John J. (Jarroll
Patrick Sullivan
Thomas liirmingham
Charles Howland
Julius Butler
Residences.
San Francisco,
do
2 Haywood street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
12 Antonio street.
do
455 Minna street.
5G9 Mission street.
do
423 Clementina street.
244 Minna street.
615 Larkin street.
12 Natoma street.
227 Second street
324 Tehama street.
84 Minna street,
lis Gilbert street.
2GS Tehama street.
350 Third street.
201 Minna street.
3GL Folsom street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
21 Everett street.
130 Natoma street.
524 Broadway.
Russ House.
109 Dora street.
833 Folsom street.
Gilbert street.
3 Beale place.
210 Clara street.
28 Tehama street.
San Francisco.
do
419 Fifth street.
552 Natoma street.
439 Natoma street.
San Francisco.
137 Minna street.
20 Satisom street.
Mai'ket street.
17 Main street.
107
Nua«9.
Patrick Barry
Michael Wall
Michael McDonnell....
Patrick Wade
Alfoncis Padro
Charles Melville
Thomas J. Kelly
W. T. Fitzsimonds
Feederick Truarcli
James W. Thread well.
James F. Hodgkins....
John L. Duffy ,
James L. Hennissy....
James K. Smith
Alfred Winfield
Dennis M Sullivan,...
Luke Flinn
James T. Galvin
John McHugh
George Halpin..
Michael B3'rnc
John Brady
John Gough
William Bennett
Corraac Carle
P. Beretta
John Dowling
Thomas Dolan
J. O'Mahonv
M. Thent...".
D. Mugan
Michael Ilarrigan
John E. Smith
M. Burns
Michael Fallon
John Flahert}'
William Cummins
Lawrence Fahj'
Patrick Coleman
Denis Dolin
Alexander Flood
Michael Curlej'
Nicholas Brown
Albert Miller
John JMoore ,
Michael Robert
Thomas O'Brien
William Fischer
Henry Malone
S. P. Cohn
Lawrence Green
649 Stevenson street.
Jessie street.
do
.Mission street.
Steuart street.
Fremont street.
do
117 Fremont street.
214 Fremont street.
Market street.
Third street.
Third street.
15 St. Mark place.
Hunt street.
Market street.
do
Jessie street.
Folsom street.
Main street.
413 Tehama street.
132 First street.
349 Tehama street.
13 Clinton street.
17 Clinton street.
347 Minna street.
109 Minna street.
110 Fourth street.
34 Minna street.
425 Stevenson street.
426 Howard street.
522 Turk street.
Zoe street.
48 Sansom street.
49 Minna street.
Folsom street.
177 Jessie street.
346 Folsom street.
Brannan street.
133 Clary street.
12 Zoe street.
34 Welsh street,
45 Louisa street.
Brannan street.
Louisa street.
Kelsey sti'eet.
2 Jessie street.
41 Louisa street.
837 Dupont.
Corner Geary and Hyde streets,
639 Stevenson street.
122 Oak street, Hayes Valley.
108
Names.
Residences.
John Kolly
Jiimos Kelly
John Harris
Thomas Connor
Edward Carroll
Richard Casey
S. Lafuille
Michael McDonough.
John Ej'rnes
Jeremiah Sullivan...,
George C. Conner...,
James Shanon
John F. Fitzgerald...
John W, Connely....
John Munew
John Noonan
Richard Bishop
James Yuill
Timoth}' Flanigan
Patrick Qninn
Patrick Bradley
Patrick McGiiire
Terence Brady
Thomas Brannan
William Brogan
Michael ('arlen
Martin Mooney
James Gibbons
Thomas Orr
Michael Clooney
Timothy Lynch
Martin (jleason
James O'Brien
Peter Quinn
Michael Garrick
John Whelihan
Thomas Mclntyre
George Law lor
B. Bounman
Daniel McKay
Timothy McAuliffe....
John B. Goldston
Peter Difley
Michael Cunningham.
Joseph Plunkctt
P. Ryan
Peter Griffin
Dennis Grady
John Clifford
James Calli<ran
I 'ids Minna street.
J317 Oak street.
Central House, Broadway.
J720 Market street.
[538 Howard street.
jSGl Bryant street.
925 Market street.
Mission street.
6 O'Parrell place.
Minna street.
216 Minna street.
10 Noble place.
Corner Second and Stevenson.
1010 Larkin street, between Post
and Sutter streets.
961 Bryant street.
173*Minna street.
421 Vallejo street.
4 Fourth street.
17 Minna street.
25 Clarice place.
130 Shipley street.
First street.
120 Fourth street.
45 Minna street.
Fifth street.
243 Mission street.
913 Mission street.
26 Fourth street.
715 Mission strei^t.
212 Clara street.
2« Ritch street.
do
do
Turk and Fillmore streets.
820 Folsom street.
3 Brooks street.
Corner Powell and California.
Lick House.
1120 Howard street.
San Francisco.
do
101 Market street. ,
716 O'Farrell street.
Clark and Drumm streets.
318 Clementina street.
353 Brannan street.
247 Perry street.
Gilbert street, below Brannan.
61 Fifth street.
Gilbert street, near Brannan.
101)
Names.
Residences.
Charles R. Brown..
Tliomus Brennan....
J. II. Dinineres
Marlin Kelly
Michael Breen
William Gleesoii ....
J. J. Butler
Kith Cogiilon
Thomas Call}*
Martin Doyh
P. B Kennedv
B M Flynn..".
W. H Qijinn
M. Walsh
John C Castiidy
('. O'Brien
John Jones
Thomas McGinnis..
Giistave A. Scott ....
M Gr. Conway
J. W. Golden"
l^eler Smitii
Thomas Me(Tnire....
William R. JIull
Thomas Horan
George O'Connor .
(Jhanies O'Bretie ....
Andrew Dunn
J. M. Marks
Timothy Walsh
James Hanly
William J. Hassett
R. E. Dowdall
Peter Creig
G. Fern
Robert Gill
Michael Sheil
Charles Peterson....
John McCann
Martin Francis
John Dunnavei"
Thomas Dunnaver..
J.V. Andlei
B Clancey
James C. Trac}' ....
iMartin Dooras
L Gunte
Peter Shugh
Henry Gantz
Nicholas Bj-rne
Cornelius O'Neill..,
San Francisco.
11 Kitch street.
.Sixteenth street.
247 Stevenson street.
43 Ritch street.
Tulare street, near Franklin.
AVetmore place.
31 o 'J'chama street.
812 Mission street.
140 Shipley' street.
Kearny street.
Biannan street.
13 Louisa street.
San Francisco.
do
756 Harrison street.
Cor. Broderick and Sixth.
260 Jessie street.
Corner Market and Ellis.
7b7 Market street.
700 Market street.
17 Natoma street.
139 Valk'jo street.
North Beach.
17 Fourth street.
330 Jessie street.
40 Fifth street.
Bran nan street
113 Slddy street.
117 Folsom street.
213 Minna street.
213 Fourth street.
5 Hampton place.
S23 Market.
310 Mason.
310 Folsom street.
227 Mission street.
210 Fifth street.
302 Teliania stj-oet.
701 Mission street.
261 Cl(Miientina street,
do
419 Third street.
5.31 Mission street.
754 Mission street.
320 Third street.
Oak street.
Eleventh street.
'J'hird street.
247 Stevenson.
227 Stevenson street.
110
Namek.
RcsideDGes.
William Hartlinj^
T. T. McAiiliff. .'.....
Daniel Kee<l
William MoGoldrick
James McCan
John C'arrol
James Anderson
Charley Fritz
John Iliiri}'
Giles Lambert
Thomas Cody.
1-25 Third street.
Fourth and Market.
1138 Market street.
127 Morton street.
2 Noble place.
233 Jessie street.
19 Jessie street.
17 Clementina street.
7 Natoma street.
469 Mission street.
213 Morton street.
Charles Kodden 34 Minna street
H. M. Simpson
Shamus Astliore
P. B. Kennedy
Timoth}' Murphy...
D. G. Denaley
John G. Gilliiivy ....
George Mellspaugh.
Michael C. Boland..
Daniel Collins
John McDonnel
John Dure...
Robert R. McCann..
Patrick Eegan
Thomas Brennan
John Meden
James L. Lillis
S. Neill
Daniel J. Sullivan
William Madden
Patrick Conrj-
Edward Dempsey •••.
Martin Connelly
Thomas M.artin
Peter Kooncy
Martin Gl^nn
Denis Lary
Br3'an Ward
George M. Langford.
Preston Walters
James Kaneen
Thomas Savage
Orin Simj)le
Mark Gibbons
Simon Hays
John W. Hays
Jjawrence Flood
J. M. Pier80n
Albert Pierce
Hayes Valley.
45 Jessie street.
Corner Larkin and Ellis.
145 Mission street.
San Francisco.
do
lOG Wulsh street.
2G3 Minna street.
577 Minna street.
2U Howard Court.
lOS Third street.
Howard street, between First and
Second
Folsom and Reed streets.
777 Market street.
San Francisco.
208 Seventh street.
165 Minna street,
765 Market streei.
Jessie street.
Thirteenth avenue.
812 Ellis street.
Brannan street.
310 J3rannan street.
Minna street.
Zoe street.
410 Minna street.
612 Jcs.sio street.
do
do
342 Jessie street.
Bryant street.
204 Bramian.
Everett street.
371 Mission street.
Brannan street.
361 Howard street.
217 Natoma street.
Seventh street.
Ill
Names.
Rcsidonccs.
William Viiicint
T. S. Hartigan
William Premioville
Michael Foley
Thomas L. Foley ....
James Slattery
Thomas In<fram
William Kiiiifht ,
Geoi-jre N. Fi field ..,
William H. Story ...
Anthony Miller
Martin Fox ,
xMichael Morny
John Wallace
Martin Tierney
David Roche
William Martin
Michael Kelly
James Kelly
Denis McHui^h
Michael S. Willey ..
Daniel M. Roche ....
Martin Scoggins . ..
D J. Murphy
Michael Murphy
James O'Brien
Peter McGuire
Jerry M. Moriarty..
Martin J Lyons
Bradford S. Lyman.
W. N. Nightingil....
George Tarpy
Luther Melvin
Martin Dolan
Peter L. Foley
Martin C. Homes .
Franklin Beninger.
John Miilvany
William Lafflin
Ephraitn Harris
Joseph Harris
Eli Harris
Morgan Filton
Michael Brown
P. McDermott
Bernard Tierna}'....
Patrick Quirk
Herman Dorscher..
William Hoeys
James Gallagher..,.
John Carroll
St Mark place.
do
Corner Si.xth and Minna.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
Sacramento street.
217 Third street.
Seventh street.
Eleventh street.
do
1131 Mission.
706 Mission.
Fourth street.
A nth on}' street,.
Mission street.
do
Natoma street.
Minna street.
Jessie street.
San Francisco.
Second street.
do
Jessie street.
do
do
do
Fourth street.
do
do
Brannan street.
do
Howard street.
do
Fourth street.
Fourth street.
do
Third street.
do
do
401 Minna street.
Milton place.
212 Tehama street.
13 Clara street.
14 Noble place.
138 Third street.
12 Sherwood place.
207 Third street.
Mission street.
112
Names.
Residences.
ThoniiVH B(?llmer
H.T. Murphy
Peter 'JY'oii y
John O'Dotmcll
John Darcy
Kichard O'Brien
William llealy
Martin Kyan
John Coiisrhlin
P. McAlan
Tliotnas Mori-isscy
Jerenuali Sullivan
James Jlealy
James Weare
James Phillips
Patrick L3'()n8
P. J. Owens
L.Duffy
Frank Duffy
John O'Donnell
James O'Brien
Henry Dorcey
Colmati (Jonly
James Murph}'
John Corrigau
A. Towers
William llodgkins
Luke Ajnicw
(i. B. Wood
J. E. Veies
H. Burns
Charles Ludinglon
Till A. Burnes
Frederick H. Si aide}'
Alfred J. Fritz "..
John C. Paul
,Iohn Apperdnms
Edward S. Mc(,'ord ....
M. C. Jordan
M. J. Iluulies
B. K. SluTidan
Thomas 1'. Cardiam..,
James Houseman
William Hieox..
Daniel L. Hawes
D. E. Doyle
Luke D. Doyle
W. Wilkinson
John J. Wilkinson
J. T. Ryder
J. llaughe}'
244 Clara street.
4 Kverett street.
83 Stevenson street.
127 'J'hird street.
285 Minna street.
I'll Third street.
65 Stevenson street,
127 Third street.
4 Martha place.
do
7 Everett street,
lo Sutter sti'ect.
615 Hyde street.
127 Misssion stre»-t.
117 Minna street.
61 Shipley street.
San Francisco.
38 Stevenson street.
do
San Francisco.
do
224 Minna street.
38 Jessie street.
53 Jessie sti-eet.
40 Minna street.
740 Pacific street.
245 Tehama street.
747 Howai'd street.
051 llowai'd street.
856 Third street^
210 Third street.
215 Tehama street.
719 Howard street.
30 Naloma street.
16S Perry street.
9 Clara street.
721 Howard street.
2 '6 Pitch.
747 Howard.
5 Verona street.
Corner Howard and T;iird.
3 Tehama.
41 Clementina street.
28 Clary street.
Howard and Third.
Ninth and Mission streets.
do
320 Eighth street.
32 Kauseh street.
20 DeBoom street.
23 Minna street.
113
Names.
Residences.
M. F. Bassity
Austin Keely
James J. Blivin
George E. Bowman
Edward Rush
William E. Lyons..
M. E Thompson ....
K. C. Rafford
George Woolf
William Kilpatrick.
Daniel W. VVhepley
E.L. Smith
John Carruthers ....
A. M. Honolly
Charles Gailhan
John Sullivan
Alfred T. Durney....
J. A. Farrelly
Henry M. McGill....
F. H. McConnell
John H. Coleman....
Thomas Lennon
Charles L. Jenkins.
J. E. Chase
John F. Storer
Alexander Jones
John P. Whyte ,
Joseph Thornhill
Edward Phillips ,
T. L. Harlon
Peter Holland
James Atkinson......
Edward Convey
Edward A. Trapp..,
Thomas Parsons
Thomas L. Martin..,
Isaac Brownstone..
J. Baruch
Abraham Lewis
J. Lippman
John Dwyer
P. F. Butler
Charles G. Ashlej^..
C A. James
P. B. Lynch.. ,
James Neill
C. Mason Kinne
211 Minna street.
745 Howard street.
821 Folsom street.
158 Tehama street.
215 Tehama street.
151 Bryant street
709 Folsom street.
Corner Second and Mission.
264 Third street.
Howard and Third street.
do
do
Sacramento street, between Mason
and Taylor.
417 Bryant street.
507 Pine street.
1051 Mission street.
Geary and Broderick.
627 Stevenson street.
Dorland street.
15 Monroe street.
Alta office.
Corner Clara and Sixth streets.
San Francisco.
do
712 Ellis street.
6 Prospect place.
San Francisco.
810 Green street.
316 Geary street.
Corner Jackson and Montgomery.
San Francisco.
41 Tehama street.
San Francisco.
786 Harrison street.
Fell street.
725 Sutter street.
1002 Larkin street.
108 Seventh street.
32 Geary street.
203 Montgomery street.
Natoma street, between Eighth and
Ninth.
937 Howard street.
1145 Filbert street.
402 Montgomery street.
1018 Mission street.
631 Bush street.
McAllister and Webster.
15
114
Names.
ResidenoeB.
James C. Weir
Y. Gariot
Patrick Canlliold
John Fuselier
John Regan
C. J. Barron
William S. Taylor
Michael Kane
John A. Hooper
A. D. Hatch
John J. Haley
M. Helm & Brothers
N. Brown
John White
John Alexander
E. H. Smith
John Cnrley
A. D. Halphan
Thomas McVery
B. B. Kennedy
J. Kneedeer
Patrick Carroll
William Church
Charles Anderson
A. Hartmann
W. J. Brady
Charles Keen
Philipp Sii#)el
James McMahon
WdJliam Duhany
Solomon Adler
Sac^uel Ripley
Aexander R. Jialdwin
Geo«-ge E. Hinckley, ML. D
Miobael Hemenan
John McGeoghegan
R Peirry
James Lee
William H<ighea ,
Samuel Alonks
T. H. ftatch
John GiWis
Michael I>unnigan
James Clarke
John Green
Thomas Phair.
B d war d C 1 e a r y
Arthur McGurren
840 Mission street.
824 Washington street.
228 Ritch.
G03 Jessie street.
112 Second street.
815 Market street.
828 Post street.
Southwest corner Howard and First.
Pier No. 3, Steuart street.
1014 Sutter street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
114 Sansom street.
108 Battery street.
1000 Market street.
Corner Battery and Bush.
502 Montgomery street.
116 Shipley street.
6 Powell street.
Greenwich and Hyde streets. ^
Larkin and Ellis streets.
Broadway and Van Ness.
157 Minna street.
Sixth street.
916 Vallejo sti'eet.
1711 Polk street.
84 Rausch street.
926 Folsom street.
Southeast corner Larkin and O'Far-
rell.
923 Broadway. ,
189 Delores, near Church.
23 Taylor street.
Russ House
216 Front street.
607 Sacramento street.
Union street.
Seventeenth, between Guerrero and
Dolores streets.
425 Suiter street.
Quinn street.
9 Sherwood Place.
Broadway, between Hyde and Lar-
kin streets.
811 Hyde street.
818 Howard street.
2015 Battery street.
Filbert and Sansom streets.
Montgomery wtreet.
270 Tehama street.
50 (^lara street.
30 Montgomery street.
115
Names.
ResidoDces.
Thomas Donnelly
James Allcorn
William H. Govt
John Larkin
William Smith
John O'Conncll
Thomas Donnelly
P. Timons
William Craven
James Kennedy
Peter McGlone
John Flanagan
James Kinsella
W. Irvine
John Hynes
Patrick Tully
James Duncan
Bernard Carroll
William Smith
George A. Morgan... .
S. B. Thompson
Peter Corrigan
Daniel McDevett
T. O. Keeffe
John Eeardon
P. D. Burns
Michael O'Connell
James McElroy
Patrick Harregan
Davis Murphy
James Fitzpatrick
Thomas Shea
John McAnally
George Marsden
Patrick Coleman
Bernard O'Farrell
Edward Myres
Michael Lyons
Denis Mulcahey
Bernard Mellon}^
John Carroll
P. J. Coffee
Patrick Sheehan
John Kelly
William Brown
James Thomas O'Shea
G. B. Littlefield
Alexander Ford
H. C. McDonall
George P. Kohler
474 Jessie street.
615 Nebraska street.
Buchanan and Sutter streets.
174 Clementina.
414 Fourth street.
952 Mission street.
171 Perry street.
John street.
268 Jessie street.
Lick House.
do
Brooklyn Hotel.
139 Jessie street.
4 Martha place.
Pierce, between Ellis and California.
151 Natoma street.
518 Bryant street.
28 Third street.
26 Anthony street.
Shotwell, between Eighteenth and
Nineteenth.
1250 Turk street.
St. Mark place.
78 Clementina street.
Linden avenue.
154 J'irst street.
242 Minna street.
162 First street.
516 Howard street.
Corner of First and Howard.
914 Folsom street
336 Folsom street.
141 Natoma street.
48 Everett street.
Jones street.
Howard street.
1625 Howard street.
Natoma street.
Howard street.
First street.
Natoma street.
141 Natoma street.
do
149 Natoma street.
First street.
266 Natoma street.
do
San Francisco.
Clementina and Sixth streets.
Corner Market and Kearny.
Blue Wing Saloon.
116
Names.
Residences.
Gaven D. Hall
Thomas Spanagle ....
Michael O'Brian. ......
John Lannan
Peter Howard
Samuel Drake
M. S. Osterhoudt
Washington Bartlett
D. Vandenburgh
John H. Sumner
Lj-man P. Collins ....
William J. Gunn
John Wigmore
B. L. Lathrop
John J. Newsom
Maurice Prindiville...
C. A. Litchfield .-
Chr. Schreiber
G. Bitirke
J. Lufkin
H.G. Finch
J. C. Wingate
Thomas S. Miller
E. Heinle
H. Wubrmann
Peter Eothermel
Burgess Collins
C. J. Hutchins
Milton Lambeth
Samuel Winant
William Corlett
C. L. Des Eochers ...
A. Lapfgeer
H. P. Carlton
Isaac Ayer
D. McMillan
Henry Durant
E. M. Benjamin
John Archibald
James F. Hill
Philip Cosgrove
Daniel Reardon
George R. Kroft
John P. Cosgrove
William T. Dawson...
Thomas Elligott
Peter Ash
C. L. Low
John Duane
Samuel B. Sherwood.
J. Roulbert
Attorney ;it law, Exchange Building.
916 Pine street.
151 Natoma street.
33 Tehama street.
416 Folsom street.
San Francisco.
Home Mutual Insurance Company.
San Francisco.
do
Brooklyn, Alameda County.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
Brooklyn, Alameda County.
do
do .
do
do
do
do
do
do
Oakland.
San Francisco.
do
do
Petaluma.
San Francisco.
do
da
Oakland.
San Francisco.
do
do
do.
Oakland.,
Vallejo.
San Francisco.
Bluxome street.
San Francisco.
do
do .
do
do
do
do
553 Harrison street.
Thirteenth and Mission streets.
San Francisco.
do
117
Names.
Resideneu.
Louis Burke
Benjamin E. Babcock
Robert Rother
George O'Connor
D. Hayes
John Lynch
M Hewson
James H. Bartlett
William Lawton
John P. Burke
H M. Denin
D Hayes
N. B. Cook
William Henry Peterson
John Lowry
Peter Wilson
James Maylone
Peter Cahlstrom
John Sraallwood
Samuel Burkelson
Andrew Baxter
Peter Machone
Samuel Stackmeyer
T. G. Durning
John Higgins
Peter Clancy
Patrick Heany
James O'Connor
John Shehan
John Calvert
J. B. Lewis
W. P.Thompson
W. J. Lockwood
Benjamin Brown
Patrick Cotter
John Shea
Michael Cocoran
Cornelius Barron
Francis Kcrnan
John Haley
Thomas Kelly
James Kinseley
Adolphus Lee
John Mckenzie
James M. Roche
John Dayl}'
John Hand
Michael Courtney
John Dowdell
James M. Roberts
A. R. Hynes
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
516 Larkin street.
425 Broadway street.
614 Fourth street.
225 Natoma street.
432 Howard street.
327 Vallejo street.
143 Davis street.
516 Smith street.
432 Broadway street.
516 Filbert street.
Pacific File Works, 53 Beale street.
Western Hotel.
do
San Francisco.
do
do
706 Sutter street.
409 Bryant street.
Kearnj- street.
811 Vallejo street.
San Francisco.
6016 Post street.
17 Hunt street.
San Francisco.
Nineteenth street.
San Francisco.
207 Tehama street.
Silver street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
Dona Anna, New Mexico*. '
Santa Maria Bay, California.
San Francisco.
do
do
Tehama street.
Petaluma.
San Francisco.
do
118
Names.
J. M. Berdloy
S. Hancock
W. H. Hoburg
Francis D. Cleary...
I.O. Besse
S. S. Pomroy ,
William Bern
W. F. Swasey
James A. Fortune...
W. J. Gavan
A. F. J^iles
Hugh Murray
C. W. Stevenson
Alexander Flood
James Daiman ,
H. J. Moore
A. A. Einsen
Thomas Golden
John Medan
John Conway
Hugh Duffy
Conrad Sheer
Thomas M.Bali
W. A. Grove
M. Shannon
C. Lewis
Joseph P.Jackson...
August Hamburg...
M.O'Neil
I C. Steele
James O'Donnell
John Sutch
A.Creannen
D. McCarran
Thomas O'Brien
A. Sanders
P. O. Bryan
Joseph Gordon
Edward Martin
C. A. Janke
M. D. Sweeney
H. Voorman
Grove Holmes
John Grant
John C. McClean.. .
Samuel Young
William Ford
James G. Atkinson.,
Nicolas Baker
John Hammond
M. P. White
Residences.
Mud Springs.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Pescadero.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
• do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
119
Names.
Residences.
B. Frey
A. Raullier
Henry Ilartnian
James P. McKenna...
J. W. Winter
D. B. Harvey
G. I. S. Haynes
A. Cunningbam
Herman Beichoff.
S Brodek
Joseph Ross
August Fagen
Samuel Platshek
W G. Doane
H Joseph
H. J. Morse
A. Geishoker
C. O'Neill;.
Patrick Durkam
OtisGi-ebb
John Campbell
Francis Scanlin
G. W. Williams
T. F.Smith
Edward Giles
C. M. Boyd
Johan Heuth
L Joseph!
Michael Barry
Nathaniel Bevv
John Kelly
John F. Schroder
Georg(! Robins
George B. Crawford.
William Bryan
Henry Levy
Frank Galium
J. J. Barrett
William Kennedy....
William Walkeney ...
C. A. Goldsmith
John Hand
R. Barron
H. Dankemeyer ,
Charles A. Higgins...
C. Grandjean
Thomas Devlin
F. Krambs
Berle Klein
Nicl Johnston
William Holmes
Oakland.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
918 Jones street.
Bush street.
.San Francisco.
38 Natoina street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
813 Bush street.
723 Sanson! street.
360 Jessie street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
120
Names.
Residences.
William Ac;ate
William Kenny ,
Ludwig Vogt
James Derliam
John Manning ,
James McElray
Michael O'Shea
Michael H. Nicholson
S. G. Brown
James J. Barry
P. Hartmann
D. S. Dikeman
Michael Calligan
James Irwin •.
Eobert Wetmar
Mathew Nunan
James Kellj'
James Johnson
D. Maloney
G. P. Eoss'
Jacob Schollhorn
Charles Lenynor
Peter Meehan
Jamea Quinn
Patrick Kierar
Owen O'Hare
J. Mish
William Noble
William Grogan
T. H. Eiorden
Frank McEneary
Eobert Cross
Thomas Dolan
E. M. Hicks
Joseph Luger
E. L. GiffonJ
Eichard O'Gorman....
Patrick Plover
William Gleason
M. Harris
Patrick J. Collins
F. P. Murphy
P. Owens
John Boozane
Thomas Daniels
John McKinney
James Cain
George Liimlcy
H.C. Brainard
John H Coleman
Mathew McCloskey...
San Francisco.
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
1021 Battery street.
830 Market street.
Alta office.
642 Howard street.
121
Names.
Residences.
W. Rhinehan
John McCorab
Robert M. Sage
John Dal}'
Charles Suilett..
William H. Lyon
David Bariy
Thomas H Hauly
Peter Porcher
Joseph W. Paul
John T. Smith
H. M Miller
James Mitchell
John Williams
William Chisholm
Rodmond Gibbons
John Kingston
Robert Sherwood
Robert Inches
John Campe
C. Grisch
John Weir
George H. Parker
Michael Carroll
John McNally
Michael McNultj-
R. M. Sheeter
Patrick Fogart}-
John McDougall
Robert Hazard
Charles Kirstein
James Ryan
J. A Coen
Thomas Fitzgerald ,
C. Giesmann
Owen Coffey.. .
Thomas Donlan
R. W. Richardson
H. Saclher
W. G. Powleson
S. Marks
C. G.George
H. Tostmann
F. A Murray
William H. Kellv
William R. Wallace
Frederick Seidcnstriker,
H. Ferrenback
B. A. Rvan
8 Dora street.
Alta office.
do
do
Fillmore street.
Lyon & Co.'s Brewery.
San Francisco.
720 Clementina street.
223 Seventh street.
139 Geary street.
San Francisco.
I do
! do
I do
I do
I do
j do
I do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
32 Natoma street.
San Francisco,
.do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
970 Folsom street.
513 Hyde street.
520 Broadway.
Deputy Sheriff, county j3il.
627 Green street.
814 Vallojo street.
16
122
Names.
Residences.
A. J. Hess
Joseph Mansfield
Joseph II. Dufour
William Kilday
Thomas C. Lloj'd
V. N. Neuval
Medcric P Walch
James Dw3er
Bartlej' Gillin
J. Stuver
John L. Durkee ,
William Cullen
E. J. Saulsbur}'^
John Short
B. F. Bohen
John C Ayres. Jr
H. H. Thai
John Casey ,
Henry D. Hudson
Lewis Teesc, Jr
George Fisher
George Dwight
Peter McConaghey
Hery Casey
Daniel J. Casey
P.Kenny ;.
D. S. Dikeman
A. B. Hosmer
Franklin Fish...
Lewis Teese ,
Isaac Miller '
T. S. Myrick
E. E. Hayes
J. P. Allen, Jr
William G. Gunther
A. F. Nye
Thomas B. Simpson
Henrj^ R. Haskin ,
C. B. Brown
William A drain
J.Odtell
C. II. Washier '
K. R. Hill
Michael Murphy
Henry Bowen
I. D. Ruggles
A. S. Eldridge
George By I e r
John Devvar
Brock Johnson
41
Deputy Sheriff, county jail.
do
520 Broadway.
28 Hunt street.
912 Larkin
Corner Montgomery and Jackson.
835 Clay street.
938 Kearny street.
Southeast corner Montgomery and
Vallejo streets.
Green street.
1031 Clay street.
555 Stephenson street.
15 Second street.
2019 Polk street.
536 Ellis.
Howard street.
Corner O'Farrcll and Leavenworth.
531 Howard.
1221 .Sacramento street.
Corner California and Kearny.
Corner California and Montgomery.
634 Sacramento street.
912 JacksOTi street.
435 Eddy street.
Washington avenue.
Langton street.
Bran nan, between Second and Third
Fifteenth street, near Howard.
San Francisco.
12 Ellis street.*
114 Dupont street.
225 Stevenson.
208 O'Farrell street.
Corner ('alifornia and Webb.
728 Howard street.
421 Kearny street.
713 Bush street.
1410 Larkin street.
Corner Seventeenth and Church.
629 California street.
320 Kearny street.
601 California street.
Vallejo and Dujiont streets.
605 (California street.
601 Dupont street.
513 Post street.
Brenham Place.
Stevenson House.
do
245 Clara street.
123
Names.
J. W. Black
A. Van Damme
A. O. Spencer
J. W. Whitaker
Frederick Teese
John G. Emery
David Dick
E. G. Lamb
D. T. Van Orden
James Evrard
James Da3'Iey
John McCarty
T. B. Tompkins
I. M. Isaacs
M.E. Swan
John S. Daley
James S. Swan
Joseph W. Hilsee
Franklin Williams....
L. Hunt
D. Talcengle}'
I. W. Kenney
A. Sprague
W. Fletcher
W. A.Coggesball ,
A. Bellemere
Peter A. Owens
Caleb M.Sickler
Henry Lake ,
J. R. Rodgers
R. W. Allen, D. S. A
J. H. Segberz
James Gosling ,
Silis D. Staats...
O. F. Meicalf.
John McGrath.;
John Tothill
Henry H. Marshall..
William Stanwood....
George S. Kittredge
Henry Webb
G. W. Thomas
James Sherrj'
William A. Frey
H. Bacon
John Pray
J. C. Burns ,
James H. Earle
Calvin Richards
Retiidenoea.
fi Turk street.
Proprietor Buy Warehouse, San-
sora street.
633 California street.
1 Geary Place.
429 Bush street.
Taj'lor and Turk streets.
107 O'Farrell street.
522 Pine street.
719 O'Farrell street.
527 Kearny street, auctioneer.
429 Dupont street.
216 Front street.
14 Sutter street.
Corner Dupont and Clay streets.
26^ Kearny street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
424 California street.
Corner Powell and Washington.
Corner Jones and O'Farrell.
Folsom street.
4 Louisa street.
719 O'Farrell street.
California street.
2104 Mason street.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
706 Montgomery street.
752 Bryant street.
420 and 422 Kearny street.
636 Third street.
Union street.
1117 Stockton street.
Southwest corner Capp and Nine-
teenth streets.
San Francisco.
Corner Market and Second streets.
783 Folsom street.
Pacific street.
512 Kearny street.
323 Bush street.
City Hall
225 and 227 Beale street.
California and Stockton streets.
1027 Sutter street.
345 Fremont street.
Kearn}' street.
Sacramento street.
Brannan street.
Kearny and Bush.
West End.
110 Post street.
124
Names.
Residences.
B. H. Lougcr
Peter Kenncy
John Wilson
James Connor
John Sweeney
James G. Oliver
James Dorn Sullivan
James D. Egan
Washington Ayer...
516 Vallejo street.
719 O'Farrell street.
408 Bush street.
29 St. Mary's place.
816 Market street.
San Francisco.
do
do
do
PETITION
OP THK
Oman dEat|0lic Jfnimle #r|I]an Jsglum
OF SANTA BARBARA,
FOK ^ISr A.F»PKOF»RI^TIO]Sr.
D. VV, OBLWIOKS, STATE PRINTER.
.I>ETITIO]Sr
To the Honorable the Legislature of California, the Senate and Assembli/, con-
vened in the City of Sacramento :
We, the undersigned, Sisters of Charity of the R. C. F. O. Asylum of
Santa Barbara, California, do most respectfully petition your honorable
body for an appropriation of the State fund, to be applied to the support
and education of the destitute female children who are now, or shall be
hereafter, under our care, in the above named asylum.
At present we have thirty-one children under our care, fifteen of whom
are depending principally on the asylum for support. The appropriation
made by the honorable body, at the last session, of which five instal-
ments have been received, of one hundred and twenty-five dollars each
paj'ment, of which we will make a plain statement hereafter. The taxes
we are obliged to pay novv diminishes our income considerably. Now,
honorable gentlemen, we ask nothing for ourselves, we only appeal to
you as advocates of the orphans, poor and destitute, of your State. We
cannot foresee a contini^nce of our works of charity, unless providen-
tially aided by your benevolence, etc., etc.
We are now very niuch in debt, on account of building a larger asylum,
the necessity being most urgent for the general interest of the poor, our
former residence being entirely too small.
This indebtedness causes us to be more than usually embarassed. We
do most sincerely hope the honorable body will come generously to our
aid. A grant of three thousand dollars would relieve us very much, and
enable us to extend our works of charity and benevolence, etc., etc.
Trusting that your honorable body will take our petition into consid-
eration, and come to our assistance, we will always consider it a duty
to pray for your spiritual and temporal interest.
Most respectfully.
Sister M. POLYCARP DRISCOLL, Sister Superior,
Sister CONST AN CIA DONLON,
Sister GENEROSA RYAN.
St. Vincent R. C. F. O. Asylum, Santa Barbara, December 6tb, 1869.
Received since the last report, from Archbishop Almany
Received five iiiKliilmontH of the last State grant, each one
hiiiulrcd and twenty-five dollars
Which has been expended as follows, namely :
For flour
For groceries, and other provisions
Clothing, etc., etc
«207 00
625 00
$832 01
5300 00
300 00
232 00
8832 00
PROCEEDINGS
JOINT CONVENTION
SELECT ^ P»ERMA.jNrEISrT SITE
FOR THE LOCATION OF THE
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
D. W. QELWICK8, STATE PRINTER.
JOINT CONVENTION.
Sacramento, March 10th, 1870.
The followincr proceedings were had in joint convention, to select a
site for the permanent location of the State Normal School :
At seven o'clock and thirty minutes p. m., the Assembly received the
Senate in joint convention, which was called to order by the President
of the Senate, in conjunction with the Speaker of the House.
The President of the Senate directed the Secretary to call the roll of
the Senate, and the following Senators responded :
Messrs. Beacli, Betge, Burnett, Chappell, Comte, Conly, Curtis, Far-
ley, Fowler, Green, llager, Hunter, Irwin, Kincaid, Larkin, Lawrence,
Lewis, Maclay, Mandeville, McDougall, Minnis, Morrill, Murch, O'Con-
nor, Orr, Pacheco, Pendegast, Perkins, Roberts, Saunders, Tompkins,
Turner, Tweed, Wand, Wilson and Wing.
The Chief Clerk then called the roll of the House, by direction of the
Speaker, and the following members responded :
Messrs. Andrews, Appling, Berry, Biggs, Blankenship, Brown of Yuba,
Caiderwood, Carothers, Criglcr, De Haven, Duffy, Eichelroth, Escandon,
Finney, Fortune, Freeman, Fryer, Gildea, Green, Griswold, Haile, Haw-
ley, M. Hayes, Henley of Mendocino, Henley of Sonoma, Hihn, Horan,
Hubner, Hudson, Inman, Johnson, Kelley, King, Koutz, Lewelling, Mar-
tin of Butte, Martin of Siskiyou, McClaskey, McMillan, Merritt. Miller
of El Dorado, Miller of Marin, Mooney, Moynihan, Mundiiy, Murphy of
Del Norte and Klamath, Murphy of Santa Clara, Naphtaly, Newell,
Gates, O'Connell, Odell, Power, Kockwell, Rogers, Romer, Ryan, Saai-
mons, Satterwhite, Scarce, Shoemaker, Shores, Slicer, Stephens, Thomas,
Thurston, Walden, Waldron, Williams, York and Young.
The President of the Senate then directed the concurrent resolution
read, authorizing a joint convention, as follows :
Resolved by tho Senate, the Assembly concurring, That the Senate
and Assembly meet in joint convention, in the Assembly chamber, this
(Thursday) "evening, March tenth, eighteen hundred and seventy, at
half-past seven o'clock, for the purpose of selecting a site for the per-
manent location of the State Normal School.
Mr. Larkin offered the following :
ORDER OF BUSINESS.
jri).st — Presentation of propositions by the various counties desiring
the location.
Second — Voting for counties.
Adopted
Mr. Green moved that the report of the Joint Committee on the Per-
manent Location of the State Normal School be read.
Carried.
During tho reading of the report by tho Secretary of the Senate, on
motion of Mr. Hcnlc}' of Sonoma, further reading was dispensed with.
Propositions for location were made as follows:
Mr. Pendegast proposed Napa City, Napa County.
Mr. Carothers proposed Martinez, Contra Costa County.
Mr. Munday proposed Petaluma, Sonoma Count}^.
Mr. Nai:)htaly proposed tho City of San Francisco, the present loca-
tion.
Mr. Tompkins proposed Oakland, Alameda County.
Mir. Murphy of Santa Clara placed in nomination tl^e Cit}' of San Jose.
Santa Clara County.
On motion of Mr. Mandeville, the rolls were ordered called, and the
vote was taken, with the following result :
FIRST BALLOT.
NAMES.
9.
S'
CO
D
o
CO
p
0
p
D
o
a
p
h3
re
P,
C*
S
P
m
S
a
sr
O
B
O
p
p"
B
Banvard
1
1
Beach
Betgo
1
Burnett
1
Chappell
1
1
Comto
Conly ...
1
1
Curtis
....
Farley
1
Fowler
1
Green
1
Gwin .
1
1
Hunter
Irwin
1
_
NAMES.
^
^
S
p
Ch
o
o
^'
»\
H
Kincuid'....
LurUin
Lawrence ..
Lewis
Maola}'
Mandeville
McDougall.
Minis
Morrill.. . .
Murch
O'Connor ..
Orr..
Pacheco
Pendegast .
Roberts
Saunders...
T(jmpkius..
Turner
'J'weed
Wand
Wilson
W i n ir
Andrews
Ap]>ling
Berry
Plan ken ship
Brown of Yuba
Calderwood
Carothors
Criglcr
I)e HaA'en
Dnffy
Eicbelroth
Eseandon ,.
l^inney
Fortune
Freeman
Fryer
Giidea
(rreen
Griswold
Haile
Ilawloy
Hayes, M
Henley of Mendocino
Henlej' of Sonoma
Hihn
NAMES.
p
o
p
3'
a
Hi
P
a
«H
O
CO
p
B
B
a
p
a
p
GO
o
o
o
p
O
1:
5*
D
Ilorjit)
' 1
1
Jlubiicr
1
Ilucisoii
1
Inman
1
Johnson
1
1
Kclle\'
1
1
1
1
1
[
KincT
1
Kou tz
Le wel 1 i n <^
1
Martin of Butte
Martin of Siskiyou
1
McCiaskcv
1
1
*
Merritt
1
Miller of El Dorado
Miller of Marin
1
Movnilitin
1
1
Murphv of Del Norte anil Klamath...
Naphtaly
1
Newell
1
Gates (Crrass Valley)
O'Connell
1
Odell
1
1
Power
••••••
Rockwell
1
Ilof^crs
1
1
1
Jlomer
Kyan
Sammons '
1
Satterwhite |
1
Scarce i
1
Shoemaker 1
1
Shores '
1
1
Slicer
Stephens
1
1
Thomas
Walden
1
Waldron
1
1
Williams
York
1
Young
1
Whole number of votes cast 105
Neccssar}- to a choice 53
Napa City received 33
Martinez received 5
San JosC' received 39
San Francisco received 14
Petal u ma received 5
Stockton received 4
Oakland received 4
Grass Valley received 1
JNo place having received a majority of all the votes cast, the Presi-
dent announced that the convention had failed to make a choice.
SKCOND BALLOT.'
The rolls were ay;ain called, with the followin<r re>(uU :
NAMES.
zn
p
a
=-i
o
P
•a
p
o
San Francisco.
Oakland
Martinez
Banvard
Beach
Betsrc
I
Burnett ,
Chappell
Comte
1
1
Conly
Curtis
Parley
1
Fowler
Green
1
G \v i n
Hunter
Irwin
1
Kincaid j
1
Lark in
Liavvrence
Lewis
Maclay
1
1
1
Mandcville .
McDougall
1
Minis
Morrill
1
1
Murch
O'Connor
Orr
1
Pacheco .
Pe n degast
Roberts
Saunders
1
NAMES.
CO
a
p
p
p
o
<5'
m
t>
a
p
a
2.
p
O
p
§
a
5'
<9
T'n m 1 > If ! 1 m
1
1
' 1
; 1
Tweed
Wand
1
1
1
Wilson
Wirnr
Andrews
1
Apnlinf
iJcrry
Blank en ship
1
lirown of Yul)a
1
1
Carolhers
1
1
1
1
Do Haven
Eiclielrolh
1
1
1
Finney
1
Freeman ,...
1
1
1
1
Gildea
Green
Griswold
1
Hawlev
1
1
Henley of Mendocino
Hihn
1
Horan
]InI)ner
1
Hudson
1
Joltnson
1
Kelley
KiniT
Koutz
Lewellini^
1
1
Mariin of SisUivoii
McCIa.-key T.
McMillaji
1
1
Miller of El Dorado
I
1
Mooney
1
NAMES.
09
g
O
O
"5"
a
>^
B
a
p
O
B
5'
Moynihan
1
1
Mundiiy
Murph}' of Del Norte and Klamach
Murph}^ of Santa Clara
1
1
Naphtaly
1
Newell
1
Gates (Grass Vallej-)
O'Connell
"l
Odell
1
1
Power
Eock well
1
Ko^ers
1
Homer
1
Kvan
1
Sammons
1
Satterwhite
1
Scarce
1
1
1
Shoemaker
1
Shores
Slicer
Stephens
1
1
1
1
Thomas
Waldron
Williams
York
1
Yonnof
1
Whole number of votes cast 103
Necessary to a choice 52
Napa Cit}^ received 42
Son Jose received 42
San Francisco received 12
Oakland received 4
. Martinez received 2
Grass Valley received 1
The President announced that the convention had again failed to
make a choice.
At ten o'clock and twenty minutes p. m. Mr. Moonej- moved to adjourn.
Lost.
THIRD BALLOT.
The rolls were directed to be called for the third ballot, with the fol-
lowinf!; result :
10
P
a
03
s
O
NAMES.
o
P
O
■
>*>
3
B
<i
p
p
a
p.
•
Banvjird
1
1
Beach
Betsre
1
Burnett
1
Chappoll
1
1
Oomte
Conlv
1
1
Curtis
Farley
1
Fowler
1
Green
1
Hunter
1
Irwi n
1
Kincaid
1
Larkin
1
1
1
Lawrence
Lewis
M acl ay
1
1
1
1
Mandeville
McDouijall
Morrill
O'Connor
Orr
Pachcco
1
Pende<;a8t
-I
Roberts
» —
8aunders
Tompkins
1
'Turner
^weed
[
Wand
1
W ! J 8*3 n
1
Wintr ..
'Andrews.
Applinor
Berry
Blankenship
1
Brown of Yuba
Calderwood
1
Carothers
1
Criffler
De Haven.
Eichelroth
1
1
1
Escandon
Finney.
Fortune
1
11
NAMES.
GO
g
O
p
•a
o
•5"
OQ
s
B
n
o
o
p
p*
a
p.
Freeman
1
1
1
1
1
Fryer
Gildea
Green
Griswold
Haile
1
Haw ley
1
i
Hayes, M
Henle3'' of Mendocino
1
Hihn
1
Horan
1
Hubner
1
Hudson
J
1
Johnson
1
Kellcy
1
1
1
Kin".. . . .
Lewellino"
1
1
Martin of Siskij'ou
1
MoClaskey
1
1
McMillan
1
Miller of El Dorado
1
1
Mooney
1
Munday
1
1
1
Murphy of Santa Clara
1
Newell
1
Gates
1
1
O'Connell
Odell
1
1
Pool
1
Hosre rs
1
1
1
Ryan
1
Satter white
1
1
Shoemaker
1
1
1
Slicer
12
NAMES.
SteiilietiP.
TliomuH .,
I
1
Wiildion ...i I
AVilliiinis i 1
York \
Whole number of votes cast 99
Necessary to a choice 50
San Jose received 44
N apa City received 42
San Francisco received J)
Oakland received 4
The President announced tliat the third ballot had resulted in no
choice.
At ten o'clock and thirtj-'five minutes p. m. Mr. Horan moved to
adjourn.
On which the ayes and noes were demanded by the requisite number,
and the convention refused, by the following vote :
Ayes — Messrs. Beach, Betge, Comte, Conl}-, Curtis, Farle}-. Fowler,
Lawrence, Lewis, O'Connor, Orr, Pendegast, Eoberts, Tompkins, Turner,
Appling, Berry, Brown of Yuba, Criglcr, De Haven, Diiify, Fortune,
Ileniey of Mendocino, Horan, Kelle}', Koutz, Martin of Siskiyou, Mer-
ritt, Mooney. Moynihan, Newell, Odell, Pool, Power, PtOgers, Satnmons,
Scarce and Slicer — 38.
NoKS — Messrs. Banvard, Burnett, Chappell. (.ireeii. Hunter, Iruin, Lar-
kin, Maclay, Mandeville, McDougall, Morrill, Mureh, Pacheco. Saunders,
Tweed, Wand, Wilson, Wing, Andrews, Biggs, Blankenship, Calderwood,
Carothers, Eichelroth, Escandon, Finney. Freeman, Fryer, Gildea. Green,
Griswold, Haile, Hawley, M. Hayes, 'llihn, Hubner, Hudson. Inman,
King, Lewelling, Martin of Butte, McCiuskey, McMillan, Miller of El
Dorado, Miller of Marin, Munday, Murphy of Del Norte and Klamath,
Murphy of Santa Clara, Naphtaly, O'Connell, Eockwell, Komer, Satter-
white, Shoemaker, Shores. Stephens, Thomas. Waldron, Williams and
York -60.
FOURTH n.ALLOT.
The rolls were directed to bo cal
the following result;
.'d again for the fourth ballot, with
13
namp:s.
P
a
ID
o
a
•»!
g
S'
a
o
Banvard
1
1
Beach
Betffe
1
Burnett
1
Chappell
1
Conlv
1
1
1
Curtis
Fowler
Green
1
Hunter
1
Irwin
1
1
Kincuid
Lark in
1
1
1
Lawrence
Lewis
Maclay
1
1
1
1
Mandcvilie
McDoufall
Morrill
1
]
O'Connor
Orr
Pacheco
1
Pende<j"ast
1
1
1
Roberts
Saunders » .'
Tompkins .. ... ..
1
Turner
1
1
Tweed
1
1
Wilson ... ...
Win'--
1
1
1
1
Andrews
Applinor
Berrv
Blun kenshi p .
1
1
1
Calderwood
1
Crif'ler
1
1
1
Duffv
1
1
1
Escandon <
Fortune
1
1
1
Fryer
14
NAMES.
a
o
u
n
•5'
CO
-I
s
o
o
Gildea
1
1
1
frrccn
Griswold . ..
Kaile
1
1 1 It \v 1 c y .
1
Hayes AI. ..
1
Jlilin
1
Horaii
1
Ilubiicr .
1
Hudson
1
1
Ininun
Jolmsoti
1
Kelloy
1
1
1
Koutz
1
Martin of Butte
1
McClaskey
1
1
Merritt.
1
1
1
1
Miller of Marin
.
Movnihiin ,
1
1
i'
1
1
1
1
1
Murphy of Del Norte and Klamath
Naphtaly..
Gates
O'Connell
Odell
1
1
Rockwell
1
1
Homer
1
1
Salterwhile
1
1
Shoemaker
1
1
1
Sliccr
I
1
1
1
Thomas
Williams
16
Whole number of votes cast 94
Necessary to a choice 48
San Jos(5 received 47
Napa City received 40
San Francisco received 6
Oakland received 1
The President announced that the fourth ballot had resulted in no
choice.
At ten o'clock and fifty-five minutes p. m. Mr. Pendegast moved that
the convention do now adjourn until to-morrow evening, at half-past
seven o'clock.
On which the ayes and noes were demanded by the requisite number,
and the motion was lost, by the following vote :
Ayes — Messrs. Banvard, Beach, Betge, Burnett, Comtc, Conly, Farley,
Fowler, Hunter, Larkin, Lawrence, Minis, O'Connor, Pendegast. Roberts,
Saunders. Tompkins, Turner, Tweed, Andrews, Appling, Brown of Yuba,
Crigler, De Haven, Duffy, Fortune, Henley of Sonoma, Horan, Inman,
Kelley, Koulz. Lewelling, Martin of Siskiyou, Merritt, Moynihan,
Newell, Odell, Pool, Power, Rogers, Sammons, Scarce, Shores, Slicer,
Walden and York— 47.
Noes — Messrs. Chappell, Green, Irwin, Kincaid, Maclay, Mandeville,
McDougall, Murch, Pacheco, Wand. Wilson, Wing, Blankenship, Calder-
wood, Carothers, Eichelroth, Escandon, Finney, Freeman, Fryer, Gildea,
Green, Griswold, Haile, Hawle}^ M. Hayes, Hihn, Hubner, Hudson,
Johnson, King, McClaskey, McMillan, Miller of El Dorado, Miller of
Marin, Moone}', Munday, Murphy of Del Norte and Klamath, Murphy
of Santa Clara, Naphtaly, Oates, O'Connell, Rockwell. Romer, Satter-
white, Shoemaker, Stephens, Thomas, Waldron and Williams — 50.
FIFTH BALLOT.
The rolls were again called for the fifth ballot, with the following
result :
NAMES.
!2!
72
3
p
i_(
a
O
^
■>•
^
Banvard .
Beach
Betge. ...
Burnett .,
Chappell
Conly . ..
Curtis
Fowler...
Green ....
Hunter...
Irwin
Kincaid.,
16
Larkin
Lawrence..
Maclay
Mandovillo
McDoiigall
Murch
O'Connor..
Pacheco...
Pendegast.
Eoberts
Saunders...,
Tompkins..
Turner
Tweed
Wand
Wilson
Winir
NAMES.
fe!
CO
^
n
p
f-i
o
o
^
Or.
V!
:
Andrews
Appling
Blankenship
Brown of Yuba.
Calderwood
Carothers
Crigler
De Haven
Duffy
Eichelroth
E.scandon
Finne}'
Fortune
Freeman
Frver
Gildeu
Green
Griswold
Haile
Hawley
Hayes, M
Hibn
Horan
Hudson
In man
Kelley
King
Koutz
Leweliinir
17
NAMES.
!z( CO
.§ '
3
»
l^
n
0
Ji'
Dk
vs
Martin of Siskij'ou
McClaskey
McMillan
Merritt
Miller of El Dorado ...,
Miller of Marin
Mooney
Moynihan
Munday
Murphy of Del Norte and Klamath
Murphy of Santa Clara
Nap b taly
Newell
Oates
O'Connell
Odell
Power
Eockwell
Rosters
Romer
Sammons
Satter w hi te
Scarce
Shoem aker
Shores ,
Slicer
Stephens
Thomas
Walden
Waldron
Williams
Whole number of votes cast 89
Necessary to a choice 45
San Jose received 47
Napa City received 39
San P'raricisco received 3
Whereupon, the President of the Senate announced that San Jose,
Santa Clara Couiity, having received a majority of all the votes cast (a
majority of both Houses being present and voting), was the choice of
the convention for the permanent location of the State Normal School
of California.
Proceedings of joint convention read and approved.
At eleven o'clock and eighteen minutes p. M., on motion of Mr. Lewis,
the convention adjourned sine die.
3
MEMORIAL
i0arb 0f ^iiptrl)is0rs of ^xma ^nmt^
PKBSKWTBD IN
ASSEMBLY, FEBRUARY 28. 1870.
p. W. QELWICKS. STATE PRINTER.
]Sd: E M O R I A^ L .
To the Honorable the gentlemen of the Senate and House of Assembly :
We, the Board of Supervisors of Fresno County, respectfully rep-
resent :
That, whereas great difficulty hath heretofore been experienced in the
proper assessment of real estate in our county, lying upon, or contiguous
to, the northern and southern boundaries thereof, as they now exist,
by reason of the uncertainty of their precise location, which, in our
opinion, can be remedied only as hereinafter suggested, because, for the
most part, there are no natural landmarks or boundaries by which they
can be more distinctly defined, whereby Assessors have been unable, in
many cases, to assess the proper proportion of said lands within this
county.
And, whereas, many cases have arisen wherein lands have been
assessed as within two adjoining counties, and others wherein they have
been omitted to be assessed in either; whereupon many complaints have
been laid, and much trouble and expense incurred, both by individuals,
as to the payment, and by the county, as to the collection of their taxes
upon such lands, all of which tends to uncertainty, delay and confusion.
And, whereas, we verily believe that the only means by which said
evils ma}' be remedied, and that reasonable certainty as to the position
of real estate, convenient and necessary, not less for the individual than
for the public, and by which large bodies of land, situated as aforesaid,
may be assessed to the true owners thereof, is, by an Act of the Legis-
lature defining and establishing said boundaries to be and run upon
township and range lines, and where not practicable that they should so
run, then upon section lines.
Now we do pray that the northern boundary line, dividing this from
Merced County, be by such Act established to be as follows, to wit :
Commencing at the northwest corner of township nine, range eighteen
east; thence west, on the line dividing townships eight and nine, to the
northwest corner of township nine, i-ange fifteen east; thence south,
along the line dividing ranges fourteen and fifteen, to the northwest
corner of township ten, range fifteen east; thence west, along the lino
dividing townships nine and ten, to the northwest corner of township
ten, ran ^'c fourteen cast; thence south, alon<T the lino dividing ranges
thirteen and fourteen, to the northwest corner of township eleven, range
fourteen; thence west, along the line dividing townsliipa ten and eleven,
to the nortliwest corner of townsliip eleven, range twelve cast; thence
south, along the line dividing ranges eleven and twelve, to the nortli-
west corner of township thirteen, range twelve east; thence west, along
the line dividing townships twelve and thirteen, to the northwest cor-
ner of townshijrthirteen, range ten ; thence south, along the line divid-
in"- ranges nine and ten, to the northwest corner of township fifteen,
range ten east; thence west, along the line dividing townships fourteen
and^fifteen to the count}' line dividing Merced and Monterey Counties.
And we do further jH-uy, tliat the southern boundary line between
this and Tulare County be by said Act established to be and run as
follows, to wit :
Commencing at a point where the line dividing townships fifteen and
sixteen, running cast and west, intersects the present eastern boundary
lino of Fresno or Tulare (Jounties, as the case may be; thence west,
along said line to the northwest corner of township sixteen, range
twenty-tln-eo east; thence south, along the line dividing ranges twenty-
two and twenty-three east, to the northwest corner of township seven-
teen, range twenty-three east; thence west, along the line dividing
townships sixteen and seventi-en, to the northwest corner of township
seventeen, range twent^^-two east; thence south, along the line dividing
ranges twenty one and twenty-two, to the northwest corner of town-
ship eighteen, lange twenty-two east; thence west, along the line divid-
ing townships seventeen and eighteen, to the northwest corner of town-
ship eighteen, range twenty-one east; thence south, along the line
dividing ranges twcnt}'^ and twent^'^-one, to the nortliwest corner of
township nineteen, range twenty-one; thence west, along the line divid-
ing townships eighteen and nineteen, to the northwest corner of town-
ship nineteen, range twenty; thence south, along the line dividing
ranges nineteen and twenty, to the northwest ccn'ner of township
twent}', range twenty cast; thence west, along the line dividing town-
ships nineteen and twenty, to the northwest corner of township twenty,
range nineteen; thence south, along the line dividing range eighteen
and nineteen, to the northwest corner of township twenty-one, range
nineteen east; tiience west, along the line dividing townships twenty
and twenty-one, to the northwest corner of township twenty-one, range
eighteen east; thence south, along the line dividing ranges seventeen
and eighteen, to the northwest corner of township tvventy-two. range
eighteen east; thence west, along the line dividing townships twenty-
one and twenty-two, to the western boundry line of Fresno County, as
the same now exists.
And it is further jjrayed, that authority be granted b}- said Act to
adjust the records of this county in accordance with the boundaries
fixed therein, by obtaining transcripts of lands included in this county,
not now included within its boundaries, and have the same recorded in
the records thereof.
J. G. SIMPSON, Chairman,
H. C. DAULTON,
JOHN BARTON,
Board of Supervisors of Fresno County.
PETITIO]^^
Crustees at ^toamp fanli ^ktxkt ^o. 77,
COLUSA COUNTY,
ASKING FOR THE PASSAGE OF AN ACT LEGALIZING
THEIR PROCEEDINGS.
D. W. GKLWIOKS STATE PEINTEE-
]?KTITI01Sr
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
The undersigned- petitioners, Trustees of Swamp Land District No.
77, in Colusa County, would respectfully represent to 3'our honorable
bodies, that on the eleventh day of vSeptember, A. D. eighteen hundred
and sixty-eight, the holders of certificates of purchase of more than one-
half of the swamp lands included in the above named district, under-
took, according to their understanding of the swamp land laws of this
State, to organize themselves into a district for the purpose of reclama-
tion; that in pursuance of said object, Trustees were duly elected by
said holders of certificates. A petition to the Board of Supervisors was
presented and approved by said Board ; that surveys and plans of the
work, and estimates of the costs, were made and dulj'' filed with the
Clerk of said Board of Supervisors; that upon said estimates a tax was
duly levied upon said lands, of forty seven and a half cents per acre;
that the Trustees, your petitioners, made legal advertisement for bids
for the construction of the necessary works; that on the twenty-fifth
of May, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, contracts were let to the
lowest bidders for said works, and that thereupon, said contractors, act-
ing in good faith, and on the representations of the said Trustees, went
forward with the work, and prosecuted the same to satisfactory comple-
tion ; that orders, in favor of said contractors, were issued upon the
County Treasurer of said Colusa County, amounting in the aggregate
to the sum of four thousand one hundred and forty dollars and thirty-
seven cents, all of which has been expended by said Trustees on the
works aforesaid, upon the approval of the said Board of Supervisors;
that upon such approval of the plans, etc., aforesaid, the said Board of
Supervisors set over to the said district, from the Swamp Land Fund,
the sum^f seven hundred dollars.
That afterwards, upon investigation, it was found that the said organ-
ization was informal and defective, and the said assessment illegal;
that, therefore, the taxes so as aforesaid levied, and which now remain un-
paid and delinquent, cannot be collected without an Act of the Legisla-
ture legalizing said organization and assessment.
Your petitioners would, tlicrcforo, respectfully pray that 8uch an Act
bo passed by your honorable bodies, and that such Act provide for the
iniinediatc collection of said delinquent tax.
And your petitioners will ever pray, etc.
JOHN M. STEELE,
E. A. 11 A KRIS.
MOSES STINCHFJELD,
Board of Trustees of Swamp Land Disti-ict No. 77.
Colusa, January 15tb, 1870.
Office of District Attorn
Colusa County, Califor
ORNEY, I
■nia, j
I, S. D. Wall, District Attorney of the said County of Colusa, hereby
certif}' that I have read the foregoing petition of the Trustees of Swamp
Land District No. 77, in said Colusa County; that 1 am well acquainted
with matters therein stated, and know the same to be true, of my own
knowledge.
S. D. WALL,
District Attorney of Colusa County.
Colusa, January 15th, 1870.
We, the undersigned land owners and taxpayers, resident within
Swamp Land District No. 77, in Colusa County, would most respect-
fully certify to the correctness of the statements made by the Trustees
of said district, as set forth in the above ahd foregoing petition, and
would respectfully pray that the praj^er of their said petition be granted
by your honorable bodies; and would further, and do, hereby respect-
full}- protest against any Act which would place the said district within
the limits of a larger one, or that any change shall be made in the pres-
ent boundaries of the same.
H. M. HUGHES,
WALLER CALMES,
JOHN P. BAINBRIDGE,
H. DAVIS,
D. H. ALLEN,
R. T. BROWNING,
A R. STONE,
WILLIAM KAERTH,
JACKSON McELROY,
WILSON SHEARE,
I. B. SMITH,
J. .P. SHERER.
PAT. WALL AC j;,
JAMES CATLIN,
• T. C. KING.
ISIEMO RI^L
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Tow^isr OF SA_isr jtj^n.
REQUESTING THE LEGALIZING OP THE ACT OF INCOR-
PORATION OF SAID TOWN.
i>. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
m: E ]vr O R I A. L .
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
The undersigned, composing the Board of Trustees of the inhabit-
ants of the Town of San Juan, I'espectfully represent to your honorable
body, that on the sixth day of September, A. D. eighteen hundred and
sixty-nine, an order incorporating the Town of San Juan — under and by
virtue of an Act entitled an Act to provide for the incorporation of
towns, approved April nineteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-six — was
passed by the Board of Supervisors of the County of Monterey.
That in pursuance of said order — a certified copy of which is hereto
annexed — your petitioners were duly elected Trustees of said town.
That many and serious doubts have arisen concerning the legality in
matters of form of said order of incorporation.
That your petitioners, in consequence of said doubts, are hindered
and delayed in the proper administration of the affairs of said town.
That said doubts are concerning matters of form only.
Wherefore, your petitioners pray your honorable body to declare, by
an enactment, that the Town of San Juan is alegallj^ incorporated town,
under and by virtue of the Act aforesaid, notwithstanding any errors in
the form of incorporation thereof.
And your petitioners will ever pray, etc.
DANIEL HARRIS, President.
J. F. BLACK,
JUAN B. CAREAGA,
GEORGE PULLEN,
PETER BREEN, Clerk.
INCOHPORATION OF SAN JUAN.
ORDER OF BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.
On reafJinj^ the petition of electors of the Town of San Juan, and on
examinini; certified phit of said town, and the Board beinf^ satisfied that
the jiopuiation of said town exceeds two hundred in number, and that a
majority of the electors of said town have signed said petition, it is
now ordered by the Board that, the Town of San Juan be. and the same
is hereby, incorporated by the name and style of "Inhabitants of the
Town of San Juan," and that the boundaries of said town shall be as
follows :
Bounded on the north b}' the southern boundary line of land of E.
McMichael,and an extension of said line eleven and ninety one-hundredths
chains; on the south, by township line between townships twelve and
tliirteen south, range four east; on the east, by the lands of the estate
of Patrick Breen, deceased, leaving within the boundary of said town
lands of said Breen's estate, shown on said plat, as containing twenty
and ninety-five one-hundredths acres, and also another tract containing
forty-three and seventy-six one-hundredths acres; and on the west by a
line of the San Antonio Eancho, shown in said plat, ruoning from said
southern line north thirty-five degrees east, fourteen and sixty one-
hundredths chains; and thence north eighteen degrees, thirtj'-five west,
to the point of beginning, the same containing an area of less- than
three square miles.
And it is ordered that an election for Trustees of said town be held at
the saloon of F. \V. Kemp, at San Juan, on Saturday, the twenty-
fifth day of September instant; and that said election be conducted by
the same election officers, and so far as practicable, in the same manner
as township elections.
I, W. S. Johnson, County Clerk of the County of* Monterey, and ex
officio Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of said county, do hereby
certify the foregoing to be a correct copj' of an order made by said
Board and entered on its minutes, the sixth day of September, A. D.
eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness my hand and the seal of the County Court of said county,
affixed this twenty-second day of December, A. D. eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine.
[sKAL] W. S. JOHNSON, Clerk.
PETITION
OF THE MANAGERS OP THE
^rotelant §xi^\m ^sgltrai 0f ^acrament0,
ST^TE A-IT)
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
PETITION.
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
Gentlemen: The petition. of the undersigned. Lady Managers of the
Protestant Orphan Asylum of Sacramento, respectfully represents:
That early in the year eighteen hundred and sixtj'-seven individual
members of this organization and others, to whose notice had been
brought many cases of extreme hardship, suffering and distress, in which
orphan and half-orphan children were deprived of their natural protec-
tors and thrown upon the cold charities of the world, in some cases under
improper and degrading influences, felt the necessity of providing a
refuge for such stray waifs, where they could be collected together and
where they could find some of the comforts of a home under proper
moral training, and with such educational advantages as the resources
available for that purpose, collected from a generous public, would per-
mit. With these objects in view, and in order to place their feet in the
proper path, and to keep them until such time as good liomes could be
found, where their education and training would be continued, the
Orphan AsjMum, which we have the honor to represent, was organized
and opened on the sixteenth day of March, eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven, for the admission of any orphan children, who had not relatives
or friends able and willing to take charge of them, without regard to
religious faith, nativity, residence, or other improper restricting pro-
visions.
We have received them from many counties in the State, born in many
States in the LFnion, and of various nationalities, and are ever ready to
receive all who may apply, who can show they are of tender age, unable
to provide for themselves and deprived of their natural protectors.
Ho carry out these objects we have maintained our asylum for nearly
three years without State or county aid, save and except your generous
aid of two years since (three thousand dollars); beyond which we have
been dependent on the uncertain charities of the people in our immedi-
ate vicinity; and believing that an institution located like this, in the
central portion of the State — the first natural and convenient refuge of
orphans from a large portion of the interior of the State — should not be
a charge upon Sacramento, we pray that your honorable bodies may
extend to us such aid as you may deem just and proper.
For a statement of our receipts and expenditures, showing cost of our
new huilditinr, numl)er of cliildrcii received and where from, etc., we
refer you to llie accompanying Ktatistical report.
Wo hog leave further to rei)re.sei)t that we have purchased four lots
and erected thereon a ])roper huilding. at a total cost, for grounds and
huiiiling, of eight tliousand one hundred dollars; that we are in debt to
the amount of four thousand dollars — covered by mortgage ; that our
number of orphans is increasing, making greater demand for money to
sujiply such wants; and, further, that every dollar which you appropri-
ate will bo economically, honestly and faithfully applied to the relief of
such suffering as was contemplated in our organization.
All of which is respectfull}' submitted.
Mrs. I. E. D WIN ELL, President.
Mrs. N. SLATP]R. Vice President,
Mrs. R. T. BKOWN, Treasurer,
Mrs. R R. PATTON, Secretary,
Mrs. J. WETZLAR,
Mrs. p. H. EUSSELL,
Mrs. J. F. HOUGHTON,
Mrs. B. R. SWEETLAND,
Mrs. C. H. SWIFT,
Mrs. GEORGE W. MO WE,
Mrs. M. S. HUKD,
Managers.
Sacramento, January 20tb, 1870.
Statement of receipts and expend l.turea from organization to January first, eigh-
teen hundred and seventy.
1867 — Eeeeipts
Expenditures.
1808— Receipts
Expenditures.
1869 — Receipts
|;3,825 90
2,623 70
6,916 42
5.051 14
7,859 79
Expenditures , 10,065 42
Total receipts
Total expenditures.
Balance.
818,602 11
17,743 26
§858 85
Which balance will be exhausted in liquidating outstanding incidental
bills, leaving four thousand dollars of borrowed money — secured by
mortgage on our property — to be provided for, in addition to current
expenses of the institution.
NUMBER OF CHILDREN ADMITTED.
Daring the j-ear 1867.
During tlie year 1868.
During tbe year 1869.
Total
NATIVITY OP CHILDREN.
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
in
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born
n
Born 1
n
Born
n
Born
n
Unkn
ow
California (county unknown).
Sacramento County
El Dorado County
Yolo County
Nevada County
Amador County
San Joaquin County
San Francisco County ,
Placer County
State of Ohio
State of Illinois..
State of New York
State of Wisconsin
Germany
Australia
Vancouver
Total.
NATIVITY CONDENSED.
Spanish
German
Irish
Ame lean
Total
The undersigned cheerfully indorse the pra3'er of the annexed peti-
tion, and commend the institution therein named, the Sacramento Prot-
estant Orphan Asylum, to the favorable consideration of the Legislature
of California for a liberal donation :
Carroll, Smith & Co.,
D. O. Mills & Co.,
D. E. Callahan,
W. Hazen,
W. McMitchell,
D. H. Emmons,
R. S. Carey,
C. Crocker,
Robert Robinfion,
Loland Stanford,
Mark Hopkins,
E. B. Jiyan,
T. W. Strobridge and Son,
J. Haertts,
A. E. Janssens,
Andrew J. Nichols,
Geo. Seek el,
Julius Wetzlar,
John Bii^ler,
P. H. Russell,
B P. Hastings & Co.,
Samuel Cross,
C. H. Swift,
Ed. R. Ilatnilton,
Frank Swift,
A. C. Snyder,
P. Trope,
Edw. M. HowisoD,
A. F. Coronel,
H. L. Nichols,
Cameron H. King,
Maze Edwards,
Geo. W. Mowe,
R. T. Brown & Co ,
J. F. Houghton,
Dougald Giliis,
John Beilmer & Co.,
John Rippon,
Samuel Siins,
David J. Ross,
F. T Phillips,
G. K Van lleusen,
J. L. Huntoon,
G. H. Swinerton,
James Anthony,
G. C. Hall,
J. P. J)ickson,
J. K. Parker,
James Carolan,
Mrs. M. A. Ames,
Richard J)ale,
H. C Kirk & Co.,
Wm. VV. Marvin,
1. Lohman,
W. P. Coleman,
T. M. Lindley,
J. C Goods,
Brittan, Uolbrook & Co.,
Ira E. Oatman,
W. A. Hcdenberg & Co.,
Jos. F. Montgomery, •
Jos. M. Frey, M. D.,
H. S Crocker & Co.,
Deuel, Griffitts & Co.,
J. A. Stewart & Co.,
Jones & Shaw,
Chas Robin,
Pej'ser & Lyon,
Booth & Co.,
Jno. Q. Brown,
Isaac P. Allen,
J. C Meusdorffer,
John F. Slater,
C. C. Haj-den,
I. L. Merrcll.
James Bithell,
Saml. Poorman,
Lew. B. Harris,
C. Green,
H. Treichler,
Edwards & Co.,
S. D, Smith,
Cyrus S. CoflSn,
David Bush,
W. S. Mesick,
S. P. Thomas, M. D.,
Geo. Cadwaladcr,
S. W. Sanderson,
H. Starr,
Paul Morrill,
W. T. Wythe, M. D.,
Tbos. M. Logan, M. D.
MESSAGE
GOVERNOR H. H. HAIGHT,
RETURNING WITHOUT HIS APPROVAL
a.ssem:bly bill no. 154.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER
M E S S A.aE.
State of California, Executive Department, )
Sacramento, March 31st, 1870. J
To the Assembly of the State of California :
I herewith return to your honorable body, without my approval,
Assembly Bill No. 15-1 — An Act to ratify and confirm certain ordinances
and resolutions of the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of
San Francisco, and proceedings had thereunder.
This bill is, in my judgment, a verj^ dangerous one, confirming, as it
does, all assessments and contracts for street work in San Francisco,
without discrimination. Some of these contracts were very improvident ;
some made at an extravagant rate, when greenbacks were at a very low
figure, and in many instances property has changed hands since the
assessments were made, upon the basis that the contracts and assess-
ments were illegal. The bill legalizes all contracts and assessments
without limitation of time, with the proviso that the lien of any assess-
ment skall not be held to be extended beyond two years from the
original recording thereof.
The effect of the bill would be to cloud titles and create embarrass-
ment and litigation. The rights of private parties would be extensively
affected by its provisions, and more injustice probably result than anj'-
which now exists from lack of validit}^ of the assessment referred to.
H. H. HAIGHT, Governor.
PETITION"
CITIZENS OF SAN FRANCISCO
FOR THE REPEAL OF THE
Moi^TaA.aE; t^x l^^^^.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
PETITION.
To the Honryrahh the Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
The petition of the undersitrned, citizens of San Francisco, respectfully
represents to your honorable body the great hardship which the}" suffer
b}' having to pay a tax on money borrowed by them on mortgage of
their properties. It is their well-considered opinion that the borrower
should not be obliged to pay a tax to the bank, after having paid the
legal interest on the money, besides paying the city, county and State
taxes, to the Tax Collector. Petitioners pray that the tax be remittted,
and that the money collected by the bankers, for said tax, be refunded
to the rightful owners. Eespectfully,
Rouse & Laws,
Sam'l Foster,
Cbas. E. A. Baxter,
Wason & Morris,
Geo. W. Stewart,
Thos. Sullivan,
Wm. Erggraber,
N. Goitzen,
W. L. Bottle,
Ch. Henry Vollmer,
John Vollmer,
Thos. C. Moorcroft,
A. H. Todd,
T. J. Chadborne,
E. G. Mathews & Co.,
H. Wellbrock,
Edw. McDevitt,
G. VV. McNear,
D. S. Bryant,
Jno. A. Robertson,
Geo. II Reynolds,
G. Humphrey,
Geo. Crosbj",
F. M. Rocke,
D. Beadle,
B. F. Lee,
Robert Barry,
A. B. Smith,
Phil. Gallway,
Edwd. Commins,
Harrison & Damon,
Messrs. Harrison & Co.,
Forsaith, Tyler & Shaw,
Wm. T. Reynolds & Co.,
John Flanagan & Co.,
F. H. McCann,
L. A. Sanderson,
S. B Stoddard,
Churci) & Clark,
W. W. Dodge & Co.,
Rossiter & McMullin,
Coghill, Lj'ons & Co.,
Kelly, Henderson & Gilchrist,
John Carroll & Co.,
P. Jacob,
Collins. Wheaton & Lubrs,
Goldstein, Sellen & Co.,
Castle Brothers,
R. Hochkofeer,
Geo. W. Danne}',
John Maguire,
Ira W. Felt,
Taylor & Cranoa,
Tread well & Co.,
W. T. Glasscll,
11. Ilcckmann,
Wm. G Scholfiekl,
W. II. Taylor,
John Biimljor,
R. L. Taylor,
R. B. Farinar,
I. P. Davis,
A. S Cliaiuller,
David McKay,
C. Han.'^on,
Samuel Mcllcnry,
J. Barnap,
F. Shirley,
C. Baix'liard,
J. P. Sweeney,
Thomas Tennent,
M. L. Connell,
Stephen H. Little,
Sam. Voltt,
John Schweitzer,
N. Matticevietto,
W. J. Lowry,
James Wi<fhtman,
Robt. Howe,
Ferdinand Lang,
T. A. Smith,
G. Babcock & Co., 815 Davis st ,
Silas McClure,
A. C. Rand,
Reynolds, llow^ell & Ford,
Geo. W. Haj'cs,
S. Hemminway,
James Gillespie,
W. Pigiiet,
O. Schelter,
B. E. Walcott,
J. C. Johnson & Co.,
Chas. H. Daly,
B. F. Hobart,
Edwd. II. Parker,
L. S. Ellsworth,
James F. Hough,
George F. Bragg & Co..
H. Cordes,
Lyon & Co.,
F. S. Hutchinson.
Cutting & Co.,
Henry lirickwedel & Co.,
VVilmerding k Kcdogg,
Evan E. Janes,
J. A. C. Nibbe,
Geo. H. Sanderson,
A. F. C. P]ngert,
Chas. Gibson,
Chas. Sndentoff,
N. H. Brown,
Wm. E. Emery,
T. J. O'Connor,
James Barrett,
Frederick (Jeils,
Charles Sturm,
Maurice Rosenthal,
Thos. Flannigan,
Thos R Gibson,
Stc]iheti Girot,
V. Lebcrt,
J. P. WasoD,
Jas. Canavan,
W. S. Cartz,
J. M. Grady,
G. Lierenberg,
Robert Calverley,
James Boyle,
Maurice Sheehan,
John Jones,
K. Veleck,
M. E. Gup,
M. W. liiggins,
B. F. Keenan,
W. H. Ranek.
E. E. Harvey,
James C. Burke,
Henry Gansz,
Geo. B. Ferguson,
Edward Supple,
John Wood,
Thomas Tiernay,
Dennis Dullen,
Edward Gilligflan,
William Gaffeney,
John Kelleher,
Wm. Becon,
James Deerj',
Robert Dil worth,
John Commings,
Wm. Malone,
Peter Lowlcr,
John Conless,
John Ratigan,
Michael Car igan,
James Nedson,
Robert H. Hawkins,
Henry Sinott,
Thomas Dowlin,
P. McDormott,
Timothy Lcary,
Patrick Conroy,
P. Maxwell,
M. Blake,
John Petersen,
J. A. Folger & Co.,
James Irvine,
M. L Ci trail,
M. Ma3'blum,
D. L. Phillips,
Jacob S. Taber,
B. A. Fargo,
T. H. Hatch & Co.,
C. S. Swasey,
J. R. Skelly,
E. H. Baxter.
Chas. Clayton,
J DeForest,
J. W. Jordan;
John M. Peck.
H. H. Beach,
T. L. Barker,
C. B. Tilley.
H. L. Dodge,
J. B. Moore,
D. V. B. Henarie,
C. I. Newcomb,
Poot & Bailey,
E. V. Starr,
C. A. Briorham,
Chas. E. Fove,
F. Daven & Co,
Emil Loeven,
Miers F. Truett,
Chas. H. Mead.
James Duncan,
Loewe Bray,
J. B. Nye,
W. J. Jones & Co.,
Jno. C. Morrison, Jr.,
M. L. Decker,
John Powers,
A. W. Jackson,
A. G. Cbauche,
Leopold Kahn.
Hunter, Wand & Co ,
Christy & Wise,
S. Buckley,
Wm. J. Wright,
John Hewston, Jr.,
John M. Duncan,
Shea, Hussey & Co..
F. & P. J. Cassin,
Bradley & Cockrill,
James L. Horner,
H E Brooks,
Joseph Tuttle,
F. B. Belcher,
James Irwin.
John Manning,
John Donnelly,
William Cradock,
Patrick Flynn,
Michael Walsh,
M. S. Griffin,
William Ryan,
Jacob E. Baily,
J. Hurley,
Underhill Boynton,
George B. VVood,
Chas. Lehmann,
William Gray,
y. R. Page,
Chas. F. Monroe,
John Flood,
A. N. Osgood,
J. B. Bowen,
C. H. Warren,
A. R. Potter,
Theophilus Taylor,
John Gardner,
Bermann Dascher,
Johann Meyn,
Thos. Foster,
Henry C. Lott,
James F. Cunningham,
John H. McJSTee,'
Phillip Kennedy,
Jas. O'Keeffe,
Davis & Driscoll,
John R. Tischbeck,
John Duer,
Edward Dillon,
M. Getz,
Thomas Bareiller,
M. McGann,
M. J. Gavan,
Thos J. Barr}',
Thomas Miller,
R. Hopkins,
S. Laro,
S. Wolf,
Dennis Cnllinan.
James Malone,
T. Blanchard,
James E. Bryant,
J. B. Owens,
John McMahon,
Wm. L. Nelson,
Sanders, Byrne & Co.,
A. Shives,
W. H. Kime,
A. Davidson,
And many others.
i
MINORITY REPORT
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
ASSEMBLY BILLS NOS. 24, 96 AND 268,
RELATIVE TO TAX ON MORTGAGES.
D. W. QELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
K E P O R T .
Mr. Speaker : Tbe Committee of Ways and Means, to whom was
referred Assembly Bills Nos 24, 96 and 268— Bill No. 24, an Act en-
titled an Act to relieve owners of encumbered real estate from double
taxation ; Bill No. 96, entitled an Act to remit taxes heretofore levied
on money at interest, secured by mortgage or otherwise, and Bill No.
268, entitled an Act in relation to the delinquent taxes on money at
interest, secured b}' mortgage or otherwise — have had the same under
consideration, and a majoritj^ of said committee report tbe same baik to
the House with a substitute, and recommend the passage of the sub-
stitute.
From this recommendation of the majority of the Committee of
Ways and Means, a minority of said committee most respectfully dis-
sent, and they deem it proper to submit the reasons actuating them in
arriving at a conclusion adverse to the passage of these bills.
The contemplated object of Bills Nos. 24 and 96 is to remit all taxes
due the State, and heretofore levied or assessed, and which are now
owing or unpaid upon money at interest, secured by mortgage or other
instrument on real estate; and the object of Bill No. 268, and the sub-
stitute submitted by a majority of the committee, is to remit a portion of
such taxes.
The subject is not a new one; it was before the Legislature of this
State, at its seventeenth session, and a bill similar in its provisions with
Bills Nos. 24 and 96, was acted upon and rejected at that session of the
Legislature, and the Supreme Court of this State, in the case of the
People vs. McCreery, and in the case of the People vs. Whar-
tenb}', have decided adversely to the principles contained in the bills
under consideration, and have held that a tax levied on money at inter-
est, secured by mortgage, does not present a case of double taxation.
In the case of the People vs. McCreery, the Court saj' : '- Counsel
have urged, with much earnestness, that this presents a case of double
taxation. The argument is, that the owner of the mortgaged premises
is taxed for the full value of the property, without any abatement for the
mortgaged debt, whilst the holder of the mortgage is also taxed for the
full amount of the debt. In other words, it is insisted that if the owner
of tbe mortgaged property is assessed for its full value, the debt secured
by the mortgage, which is a lien on the property, and to that extent
represonts the samo value, cannot be taxed without creating a case of
double uixjition. But if tliat be tlio result, it is obvious it is only the
morti^n^or who can comi)lain. It is his property, if any, which is
doubiy taxed, and not that of the mortagee.
" The question does not arise, in this case, whether or not mortgaged
property can be assessed at its full value without abaiing from such
value the amount of the mortgage. =)= * * "^Phe point before us is,
whether or not a tax on the debt, secured by mortgage, is in an}' sense
double taxation, as against the niortagee. Can he complain that he is
twice taxed on the same value? It is quite obvious that such is not the
fact; and it is equall}' plain that a debt secured b}' a mortgage is the
subject of taxation."
Again, in the case of the People against Whartenby, the Court say:
" The fact that the mortgaged property was assessed at its full value to
the mortgagor, evidently presents no defence to tliis action. This point
was expressly decided in People vs McCreei-y. In that case we held
that under the facts stated, if any one could complain of double taxa-
tion it was the mortgagor and not the mortgagee; but we expressed no
opinion on the point whether it presented a case of double taxation,
even as against the mortgagor. It is plain, however, that as against the
mortgagee, this is no case of double taxation. The debt secured by the
mortgage has been but once taxed, and if the owner of the mortgaged
property shall claim that the amount of the mortgage should be de-
ducted from the value of the property, and that he should be assessed
onl}' for the remainder, it will be our duty to decide that question when
it comes before us. * * * Nor is there anything in the point that
the mortgagors covenanted to pay all taxes levied on the mortgaged
debt. The State was no part}* to the contract, and it is not bound by
stipulations inter alios. The burdens of taxation cannot be shifted from
those on whom the law imposes them, by stipulations between private
persons."
If the principle enunciated in the decisions here adverted to be cor-
rect, then it follows that all taxes assessed or levied on money at inter-
est, secured by mortgage or otherwise, due and unpaid, whether retained
by corporations or individuals, or so retained under protest, or other-
wise, are moneys belonging to the State, as part of its legitimate rev-
enue, and should be paid as promptly as other taxes levied by the State
upon any other character of property.
It will not do to say that the money lender— the morlgagoe — imposes
stringent conditions upon the mortgagor, the owner pf the real estate:
that, by the terms of the mortgage, the mortgagee forces the poor man,
who is obliged to have money, to pay the tax upon the money he bor-
rows, for that is the contract of the parties, with which the State has
nothing to do. In the language of the Supreme Court: -The State was
no party to the contract, and is not bound by stipulations inter alios."
These arguments of the Supreme Court address themselves with equal
force to the substitute submitted by a majority of the Committee on
Ways and Means. The substitute proposes, on behalf of the State, to
accept a sum equal to thirty per cent, on all delinquent taxes secured bv
mortgage or otherwise, and that the remainder of said delinquent tax iii
excess of said thirty ])er cent, shall, on demand in writini,'. be paid lu
the mortgagor, authorizing the mortgagor, in the event of'the non-pay-
ment of such residue within twelve months Irom the passage of this
Act, to bring suit therefor.
It is difficult to perceive why, if the State can remit seventy per cent.
of the ilelinqucnt tax, it could not remit the whole of such tax. The
principle contained in the substitute is the principle of the original bills.
If the substitute be correct in this particular, then Bills Nos."24 and 96
are correct, and this Legislature should pass them, and remit the whole
delinquent tax due and unpaid on mone}' secured bj- mortgage or other-
wise. And if the Legislature can remit this character ofdelinquent tax,
then, by parity of reasoning, they can remit any other character of delin-
quent tax, or any portion thereof, due the State and unpaid. And, fur-
ther, in the opinion of a minorit\' of 3-our committee, the substitute sub-
mitted by the majority is open to constitutional objection.
In many cases, if not in all, coming within the purview of the substi-
tute bill offered by the majority of the committee, the mortgagor, the
party who is authorized b}' the provisions of the bill to sue, has stipu-
lated in his contract of mortgage to pay the taxes for which he is em-
powered to bring suit. It, in effect, authorizes parties who have con-
tracted in their mortgages to pay the delinquent tax, to commence suits
for the recovery of that tax, and thus the provision of the Constitution
of this State, declaring that no law shall be made impairing the obliga-
tion of contracts, is practically violated.
In considering these bills, the minority of your committee have not
lost sight of the fact that their passage would relieve many in this State,
especiall}' in the City and County of San Francisco, owners of real estate,
whose necessities have driven them to the capitalist and the money-
lender, and who have been, as it were, pressed by their contract of mort-
gage not only to paj^ the State tax upon the money borrowed hy them,
but also large rates of interest, together with conditions for the paj'ment
of commissions for collection, rates of insurance, etc., etc. These consid-
erations have forcibly addressed themselves to the feelings of your com-
mittee as men, and while they deplore the hardship thus operating upon
a portion of the community, and regret the stern requirements of the
occasion, yet, as legislators, intrusted, in part, with the interests of the
State, and the preservation of its revenue, they are compelled to report
adversely' to tlie passage of the bills above recited, and herewith sub-
mitted by the majority of the Committee of Ways and Means.
LAMBERT, Chairman,
SAMMONS,
MERRITT,
TiiOM AS,
Of the minority of Committee.
REPORT
JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
BBLATIVE TO
ASSEMBLY BILL NO. 118.
D. W. QELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
REPORT.
Mr. Speaker: I find myself compelled to dissent from my associates
of the Judieiaiy Committee in relation to Assembly Bill No. 113 — An
Act amendatory of and supplemental to an Act entitled an Act to author-
ize the Board of Supervisors of the Cit}^ and County of San Francisco to
modify the grades of certain streets, approved March thirtieth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-eight.
The Act of which the bill now before the House is amendatory, was
passed in the face of the earnest and strenuous protest of the property
owners immediately affected by the change of grade, and wUose property
was thereby almost entirely destroyed.
The alleged purpose and intent of the present bill, viz: to enforce the
collection of the assessments upon property, so as to create a fund out of
which the property owners, who have been damaged by this so-called
public improvement, may be compensated, is one that commends itself
warmly to the favorable consideration of this House; for they, and they
alone, are entitled, in m}^ opinion, to all the sjmipathy and relief which
the Legislature has it in its power to extend.
I am, however, of the opinion that there are other and further amend-
ments than those already reported by the committee, which are neces-
sary for the full and entire protection of the very parties in whose behalf
this bill is alleged to be presented, and without which it would be rather
detrimental than beneficial in its operations.
These amendments are as follows:
First — After the word "work," on line two of section one, insert the
words, "of grading."
Second — On line four, section three, strike out the words, "all of."
Third — Alter the words "San Francisco," on line eight, section three,
insert, "provided that said shorthand reporter shall not be allowed a
greater compensation than that allowed an official short-hand reporter
of a District Court."
Fourth— On lines eleven and twelve, section three, strike out the
words, "consider only direct benefits and damages, and shall."
FiffJi — Strike out the words, "of the Board of Supervisors," on lines
two and three of section four.
Sixth — Strike out the words, "of the Board of Supervisors," on line
seventeen, of section four.
Sevenlh — On lino nineteen, of section four, strike out the word, "said,"
and insert in lieu thereof, the word, "the."
Eighth — Strike out section five, and insert in lieu thereof the following:
"Sec. 5. Section thirteen of said Act is hereby amended so as to read
as follows:
"Sec. 13. Within twenty days after the publication of said last men-
tioned notice, any interested party or parties dissatisfied with the report
of said Commissioners, or any part thereof, may file with the Clerk
of the County Court of the city and county, written objections to said
report, or any part thereof, setting forth his or their grounds of objec-
tion. If no such objections are so filed within said period of twenty
days, the report of said Commissioners shall be final and conclusive on
all parties interested, and all assessments made and set forth in said
report shall thenceforth be a lien upon the respective parcels of land
and property in said district upon which said assessments are charged
by said report. But in case any such objections are so filed within said
period of twenty days, the County Court of said City and County of San
Francisco shall assign a day for the hearing and trial of said objections,
and on the day assigned, or on such other day or days to which the
same shall be adjourned, said Court shall hear the allegations of the party
or parties so objecting, and shall take proof in support of and against
said objections, and of said report and the assessment therein, and shall
confirm the said report, or maj^ modify the same, or may set the same
aside either in whole or in part, or in its discretion may vefer the matter
back to the same Commissioners, with instructions, who shall thereupon
proceed, as hereinbefore provided, or according to said instructions.
Upon the hearing of said objections before said County Court, it shall be
competent for any party to introduce evidence either in support of
said objections or of the report of said Commissioners, and the
judgment of said County Court shall be final as to said report; and
upon such final confirmation of said report of said Commissioners by
said County Court, all assessments made and set fo»th in said report
shall, from and after such final report, be a lien upon the respective
parcels of land and property in said district upon which said assess-
ments are charged by said report."
Owing to the great length which this report will necessarily assume,
I think it better not to include herein anything like an argument in
favor of the amendments proposed. A few of my reasons, however,
may be stated, as follows:
1st. I think it injudicious and unwise to have the Board of Super-
visors review the acts and judgments of their own appointees.
2d. The parties objecting to the confirmation of the report ought
to have the right to introduce evidence in support of their objections.
3d. The objections made to the confirmation of the report may
involve questions of law which the Board of Supervisors are not com-
petent to determine, and the entire subject matter is one which should
be referred to a judicial tribunal.
The fourth and, perhaps, the most potent reason, is one which, in
justice to my associates on the Judiciary Committee, I must slate, has
occurred to me only on a revision of the bill for the purpose of prepar-
ing this report, and was not therefore brought to the attention of the
committee.
The proposed section five of the Act provides that at the next
weekly meeting of the Board of Supervisors after the filing of objec-
tions to the report, the Mayor shall appoint a committee of three, to
whom the objections shall be referred. That within three days there-
after the committee shall proceed to bear such objections, and within
thirty daj'S shall report thereon to the Board of Supervisors, who shall,
at their next regular meeting, act thereon, and may, by a vote of not
less than three-fourths, confirm, reject, modify or change the report of
the Commissioners, and at the end of the section is the following pro-
vision :
" But in case the Mayor shall not appoint said committee within the
time hereinbefore limited, or in case said committee shall fail to make
their report as to the premises to said Board of Supervisors, within the
time hereinbefore expressed, or in case said Board of Supervisors shall
fail at the time and by the vote hereinbefore stated, to act upon the
report of said Commissioners, then, and in any of such cases, the report of
said Commissioners shall he final and conclusive upon all parties interested."
The gross injustice which the foregoing provisions would work, did
they become law, is apparent on the slightest examination.
Ninth — On line nine of section nine, insert the word " grading " be-
tween the words " the" and " work."
Tenth — On line five of section ten, strike out the words " by a ma-
jority " and insert in lieu thereof " by a unanimous vote."
Eespectfully submitted.
GEOEGE E. B. HAYES.
I
REPORT
SANTA CLARA DELEGATION
RELATIVE TO
SEISF^ATE BILL NO. 555.
D. W. OELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
R E I> O R T
Mr. Speaker : The Santa Clara delei^ation having bad Senate Bill No.
555 — An Act to authorize the Board of Supervisors of the Counties of San
Mateo and Santa Clara to donate certain railroad stocks to the Southern
Pacific Eailroad Company to aid in the construction of the road of said
company — report the same back and recommend that all in relation to
Santa Clara County be stricken from the bill. This Act provides that
the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County shall donate to the
Southern Pacific Railroad the stock which she owns in the Western
Pacific Eailroad The Santa Clara delegation would respectfully repre-
sent to this Assembly that the Southern Pacific Railroad is now running
to the extreme southern end of the county, and that the county has
subscribed to said railroad the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, and
she now asks, through her representatives on this floor, to be exempt from
the provisions of this Act. The delegation from Santa Clara move that
the second section of the bill, which provides that Santa Clara County
shall donate one hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of stock in
the Western Pacific Railroad to the Southern Pacific Railroad, be
stricken out.
B. D. MURPHY,
W. B. SHOEMAKER,
T. R. THOMAS.
I
PETITIOlSr
CITIZENS OF STANISLAUS COUNTY,
RZQUEBTING THE PASSAGE OF AN ACT TO LEGALIZE TBB CLAIMS OF
THOMA-S E. HUaHES,
AGAINST SAID COUJSTTY.
D. W. QELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
i> E T I T I o ]sr
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of OaUfornia :
Tlie undersigned, citizens and resident taxpa^-era of Stanislaus
County, respectfully represent :
That the Board of Supervisors of Stanislaus County, at a meetini; of
tiiat body on the fourth day of November, A. I), eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine, allowed and ordered paid three demands of Thomas B.
Hughes, Clerk, for work and labor done by him under preceding orders
of the Hoard, to wit :
For the cost of a duplicate assessment roll
For the cost of making fourteen copies of supplemental list of
registered voters
And for tiie cost of apportioning the County General Fund and
other taxes, and carrying out the said apportionment in
separate columns in the assessment roll, and other work
and service for county use, to amount of
In all
$435 00
221 40
172 50
28 90
That the order of the Board aforesaid, of allowance and payment,
has been annulled (together with the warrants of the Auditor, numbers
three hundred and twenty-seven and three hundred and thirt}') by the
District Court, on the ground that said Board had no power to order
said work and that the county could not be legally charged for the cost
of the same.
The undersigned believe that the county has received a full equiva-
lent in substantial benefit for all the said cost; and that, in their opin-
ion, the debt was wisel}' contracted and should be paid.
They pray that your honorable bod}' will pass an Act legalizing said
claims against the county and directing the payment thereof.
JAMES McHENRY,
DAVID HARTMAN.
Supervisors at the time the work was ordered.
C. DORSEY, Supervisor.
J. D. SPENUER,
W W. BARNES,
W. R. SHERMAN,
SAMUEL M. McLEAN,
W. J. WARDER,
THOMAS McLANE,
J. R. HORSLEY,
D. W. TULLOCK,
JAMES ALL E.N,
P. CLARKE,
GEORGE W. BRANCH,
C. C. BAKER,
JAMES M. LANE,
JACOB HASLACHER,
JAMES H. LOWE,
T. M. LANE,
J. J SCRIVNER,
A. H JAMLSON,
H. PALMER,
A. M. VALPY,
A. W. MOULTON,
JAMES STINSON,
A. ELKINS,
A. T. BARTLETT,
E. T. STONE,
JAMES FRANKLIN,
N. B. BUDDINGTON,
J. L. CONNER,
T. SOLt)TMAN,
GEORGE W. SCHELL,
PHILIP ENGLEHART,
STEPHEN BISHOP,
H. C. GARDINER,
THOMAS B. DORSEY,
JOHN W. DORSEY,
SAMUEL HASLACHER,
W. H. BOW ENS,
R. R. SMITH,
H. G. JAMES.
I think it expedient that the Board should be indemnified, and sign
accordingly.
S. A. BOOKER.
PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTION
CONCERNIHO
PUBLICATION OF REPORT
COMMISSION ON REVISION OF LAWS.
D. W. GELWJCKS STATE PRINTER.
RESOLUTION.
Whereas, The Commission on Revision and Compilation of the Laws of
this State have reported what statutes have been already revised by
said Commission ; and whereas, there has been published and distributed
to members of this House a portion of about one-third only of such
statutes ; therefore.
Resolved, That the Committee on Public Printing are hereby instructed
to inquire and report to this House, as soon as practicable, why the
whole of the statutes reported as revised by the Commission were not
published, and how soon the unpublished portion will be so published
and distributed to members of this House.
KOUTZ.
M E S S A. G E
GOVERNOR H. H. HAIGHT
RETTJRNIKG WITHOUT HIS APPROVAL
8ENA.TE BILL NO. 810.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
m: E s s ^ a E.
State op California, Executive Department, \
Sacramento, March 21st, 1870. J
7b the Senate of the State of California :
1 herewith return to your honorable body, without my approval, Sen-
ate Bill No. 310 — An Act amendatory of and supplementary to an Act
entitled an Act to provide for the construction of the State Capitol in
the City of Sacramento, approved March twenty-ninth, A. D. eighteen
hundred and sixty.
The amendment made to the original law consists in substituting the
names of two other Commissioners for those now acting. When this
bill was upon its passage, it was probably supposed that the work would
proceed upon the building, and that there was some necessity for the
continuance of the two members who receive a salary. It is doubtful
whether any work will be done for the next two years, and if there
were, as all or nearly all the inside finish is completed, and the plans
adopted for the porticos, steps and dome, there is no occasion to subject
the State to the expense of two thousand dollars a year for the two
additional members. If it is desired that the Board should consist of
five, two more State officers might be added without any increase of
expense.
I take this occasion also, respectfully to call attention to the practice
of naming in bills the officers who are to execute the provisions of the
proposed laws.
It will be admitted by every one, that the designation of officers is not
a legislative function, and that it is desirable to keep in view the lines
which separate the legislative and executive departments, so as to pre-
vent encroachment b}' either upon the other.
The evil results of the practice referred to are too well known to
require comment, and there seems to be a general concurrence of opinion
that it docs violence to the spirit of the Constitution as well as to sound
rules of public policy. I trust that my motive in making this sugges-
tion will not be misapprehended, and that it will be sanctioned by the
judgment of 5'our honorable body.
fl. H HAIGHT,
Governor.
ME S S i^ aE
GOYERNOR H. H. HAIGHT
RETCRNIKO WITHOUT HIS APPROVAL
SENi^TE BILL NO. 7.
n. -v. GKLWrCKS. STATE fRINTFR.
MESS^OE.
State or California. Executive Department. )
Sncramento, February 19th, 1870 j
To the Senate of the State of California :
I herewith return, without raj' approval, Senate Bill No. 7 — An Act
to provide and pay for services rendered for the City and County of San
Francisco. It is with reluctance that I feel compelled to withhold
approval of this local measure; but the bill seems to me objectionable in
principle and unsafe as a precedent. The title of the bill conveys an
incorrect impression. The services referred to were not rendered to the
City and County of vSan Francisco in any such way as to create a legal
or equitable claim against the corporation. On the contrary, the ser-
vices were rendered in a proceeding to open and extend Montgomery
street southerly, which is a projected local improvement, and their pay-
ment, according to my information, was expressly made dependent upon
the collection of money b}' an assessment upon the property to be bene-
fited by the improvement. The statute under which the Commissioners
were appointed was passed in eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and can
be found on page three hundred and forty-seven of the session laws of
that year. It makes provision for assessment of the expenses of the
proceeding upon the property benefited, and then the last clause of
section seventeen, on page three hundred and fifty-four, provides that
■' the City and Count}" of San Francisco shall not be liable for any
expense of such public impi'ovenient, beyond the moneys actually col-
lected for the same, except as hercinbel'ore ])rovided." The reference
here is to section three, which relates to cases in which the improvement
is made by purchase and payment out of the city treasury, and in which
no Commissioners are appointed as provided in section five.
The entire proceeding in this case, the orders and resolutions, and the
statute on which they are founded, make the expenses chargeable solely
on the property benefited by the improvement, and create no claim
whatever against the city. The only ground upon which this bill is
based, so far as I am aware, is that it is inconvenient for the Commis-
sioners and others employed, to wait until the assessment is made and
collected. This, however, was their cuntract. The proceeding is liti-
gated and contested. If it should fail, the taxpayers would justh- com-
plain of being subjected to an expense of thii-ty or forty thousand
dollars for an experiment upon a local improvement, based upon a statute
which in express terms negatived any such liability. If this claim is
successful, there are other analagous cases in which a similar claim might
be made. 1 think upon more mature reflection it will be apparent, that
there is ncj propriety in the claim made in this bill, and ihat it ought
not to become a law.
II. H. HAIGHT,
Governor.
PETITION
GRAND LODGE OF GOOD TEMPLARS
FOR AID FOR THE
GOOD TEMPLARS' HOME FOR ORPHANS.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
PETITION.
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
We, the undersigned, were appointed by the Grand Lodge of the In-
dependent Order of Good Templars of the State of California, to the
duty of memorializing your honorable body in behalf of the Good Tem-
plars' Home for Orphans, located near the City of Vallejo, Solano
County.
We would respectfully represent that the institution in the interest of
which this petition is submitted is not designed to be exclusive in any
sense, but is erected for the benefit of the homeless of the State, and is
in the broadest sense a public charity. The building is in the last stages
of completion, and will be occupied by the first day of May, current
year.
In its erection the Order of Good Templars has expended twenty-seven
thousand dollars, and is rapidly accumulating a fund for its endowment.
The whole amount expended in the purchase of lands and erection of
buildings is thirty-seven thousand dollars, and this amount has been
raised within the past three years. The Order of Good Templars pro-
poses to endow this institution, and not until recently was it thought of
placing it in the list of those receiving State aid, but the cost of the
building and of the lands whereon it stands, accomplished with means
raised in so short a space of time, has proven burdensome to a greater
extent than was anticipated, and to relieve this burden during the first
two or three j^ears of its existence, we are directed to petition that this
institution be allowed a share of the appropriation allotted to all other
similar institutions. We would furtlier represent that this Orphans'
Home is emphatically a State institution. The Order which has founded
it has subordinate branches in every portion of the State, and its char-
itable ofiSces will be enjoyed by the entire commonwealth.
The institution is unsectarian in its character, and in all respects a
public benefaction.
Soliciting your careful consideration of the prayer of this petition, we
have the honor to be, on behalf of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars,
Your obedient servants,
F. A. HOENBLOWER.
WM. H. MILLS,
E. K. MEKRILL.
I>ETITI01Sr
PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM,
SAN FRANCISCO,
FOR ^I>^ ^]?FIlOFIlI^TIO]Sr.
D. W. GELWICK8 STATE PRINTER
p E T I T I o isr
San Francisco, February 14th, 1870.
To Lieutenant-Governor Holden, President of (he Senate :
The Managers of the San Francisco Protestant Orphan Asylum, feel-
ing so much the need of aid, and remembering with gratitude the action
of previous Legislatures, in donating to the maintenance of the institu-
tion, desire to solicit your sympathy in their behalf, and would respect-
fully report to you, and through you, to the honorable body of which
you form a part, their doings for the past two )'car8.
With a constantl}'^ increasing population in tbe State, and the ravages
of disease and death, the number of applicants to this charity has nat-
urally increased, and the necessary supplies for so large an establish-
ment have called for constant and unceasing watchfulness on the part
of the management.
The appeals for succor have been from all parts of the State, from
helpless infancy to children of eight and ten j^ears, and to all objects of
a worthy charity a helping hand has been cheerfully extended and a
happy home provided.
At the commencement of our year, February first, eighteen hundred
and sixty-eight, there were two hundred and seventeen children in the
institution; admitted during the next twelve months eighty-six others,
making three hundred and three to whom the asylum afforded a home.
Of this number eighty-eight were removed by their friends or provided
with homes, and four died, leaving at the close of the year, February
first, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, two hundred and eleven inmates.
The expenses for the same period Avere twenty-four thousand one hun-
dred and seven dollars and four cents, or two thousand and eight
dollars and ninety-two cents per month.
This sum was materially enlarged by the care of children afflicted
with small-pox, and proper protection against the same, and the repairs
which were imperatively demanded to the building, after the great
earthquake in October, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight.
The number of inmates, February first, eighteen hundred and sixty-
nine, was two hundred and eleven; admitted during the year, to Feb-
ruary first, eighteen hundred and seventy, ninety others, making three
hundred and one to whom a home was frivcn. Eight}' of this number
were removed by their friends or provided with homes, and only one
died, leaving two hundred and twenty-one, the present number of
inmates. Tlie expenses for the same time have been iwcnty-four thou-
sand five lumdred and five dollars and sixty-eight cents, or two
thousand and forty-two dollars and fourteen cents per month. This
year's expenses have been increased by large sums paid for the grading
of streets around the asylum, and the State taxes, which were a heav}'
di-aft upon tlic ti-casiiry ; and when to these expenses is added the entire
support and education of tvvo hundred and twenty-one children, the
outlay will naturally commend itself to every thinking mind for its
economy.
You will also observe tiiat the Stale aid granted for these two years,
eighteen thousand dollars, was not sudicient to meet the expenses of one
year, and the society has depended mainly upon the voluntary contribu-
tions of the generous people of San Francisco for support. Now that
the channels of trade are unsettled and a depression felt in all branches
of business, the donations have perceptibly diminished, and we would
earnestly petition an enlarged appropriation from the State, without
which \vc are helpicss to perform the duties devolving upon us.
Of the present number of inmates, two hundred and twenty-one, one
hundred and thirty-six are from the State at large, and eighty-five from
the City of San Francisco; and those facts must ])rovo that our charity
is not confined to a narrow limit, but comprises the whole State; and
when it is considered how many arc saved from lives of crime and
infani}' by the early training of this institution, you will readily feel it
has claims upon the public treasury.
The means of the society at this time are entirely exhausted, and the
demands upon us were never more pressing. The building is sadly out
of repair, the floors in the lower story need relaying, being almost worn
through by the patter of so man}'^ little feet, and the entire building
needs renovating and painting. A large school-room is also impera-
tively demanded, which should be out of the present building, so that
a more thorough and perfect system of ventilation coitld bo obtained.
When your honorable body consider that this is a labor of love, the
Managers giving their time and best energies freely to the cause lor the
sake (^f humanity, thc}^ feel that the Senators and Jiepresentalives of
this State, will not hesitate in aiding them to care for the destitute and
friendless orphans whose cause they now plead.
Therefore, impressed with the solemn obligations resting upon them,
and the many wants of the institution, the Managers of the Protestant
Orphan Asylum of San Fi'ancisco most respectfully petition from your
honorable body the appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars for
the suppoi-t of the asylum for the years eighteen hundred and seventy
and eighteen hunlrcd and seventy-one.
Respectfully submitted.
Mrs. IRA P. RANKIN,
President Protestant Orphan Asylum.
MARY P. MacCRELLISII,
/ Secretary Protestant Orphan .\sylum.
p E a^ I T I o isr
CATHAEINE GEOSS
FOR RKLIKP For. THIS
ST. BOISriF^VCK'S ASYLUM.
D. W. GKLWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
f»p:tition.
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of the State of California ^ in Sac-
ramento assembled : '
The petition of the undersigned humbly showeth :
First — That the Asylum of St. Boniface, for orphan and half-orphan
children and foundlings, has been established some five years, and has
been carried on by the eleemosynary contributions collected by the
undersigned alone.
Second — That over two hundred children have been received and cared
for during the above period, and that there are twenty inmates at
present in the institution.
Third — That the undersigned has exhausted all her own means, and
expended all she collected, in providing this home and supporting it
thus far, and that she has been obliged to contract considerable debt,
which stands against the place.
And therefore she humbly prays your honorable bodies to grant some
relief
And, as in dut}' bound, shall ever pray.
Signed : CATHAEINE GEOSS.
We, the undersigned, knowing the truch of the above statement,
concur in its prayer.
G. S. Kaiser, Pastor of St Boniface's German Catholic Congregation,
San Francisco.
G. Hanni, Pastor of St. John's Congregation.
O. Klappenburg, Franklin street.
James Croke, Eector St. Mary's Cathedral.
P. J. Thomas, Vallejo street, near Hyde, San Francisco.
H. P. Gallagher, Pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Tenth street.
John McKee, 112 Clay street.
John McHugh, 20G Clay street.
F. S. Wensinger, 304 Montgomery street.
F. X. Kast. 322 Bush street.
T. J. Broderick, by F. X. K., 322 Bush street.
A. McBoden, Brooklyn Hotel.
James D. Marshall, Oak street, above Webster.
A. Holcombe, 324 Bush street. •
John Kelly, Jr.. Brooklyn Hotel.
P. J. White, 8 Powell street.
Richard Brown, 1S08 Dupont street.
John Hancock, Hyde and Vallejo.
J. H. Aerden, Pastor of St. Francis' Church.
PETITIOISr
anagers of t(]e $t\ml jjf i|e Jolg ^xm
J^PPROPRI^TION.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER,
I>ETITION
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of the State of California :
We, the undersigned, Managers of the School of the Holy Cross, situ-
ated in the Town and County of Santa Cruz, respectfully beg leave to
represent to 3'our honorable body that, although our institution has not
the name of an Orphan Asylum, yet, since its establishment, more than
seven years ago, the average number of orphans in the institution has
not been less than fifteen. We have never before asked aid from the
State. But, during the past year, we were compelled to contract debts
to buiid a school and other additions necessary for the comfort and
health of the children.
Therefore, we beg your honorable body to take our case into consid-
eration, and grant us such appropriation as will enable us to liquidate
our debts and continue to support the orphans.
And your petitioners will ever pray, etc.
Sister ANDREA GIBBS,
Sister MARY RICE,
Sister VINCENT HALLIGAN.
BIENNIAL REPORT
Mt Cja^ittfl ^0mmissi0n«rs,
NOVEMBER 1st, 1867, TO NOVEMBER 1st, 1869.
D. \V. GELWICK8, STATE PRINTER.
Office of the Board op State Capitol Commissioners, \
Sacramento, December 4th, 1869. j
To His Excellency,
Henry H. Haight
Governor of California:
Sir: The Commissioners appointed by the Act to provide for the
cocstructioD of tho Stale Capitol in this city, herewith submit their third
biennial report, embracing a detail of proceedings and a full list of all
expenditures from November first, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, to
November first, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine.
R F. P» O R T
The annual tax foi- eighteen hundred and sixty-eight produced
one hundred and ninety-two thousand two hundred and eighty-
three dollars and fifty-one cents, from which, deducting seventy-seven
thousand seven hundred and ninety-two dollars and seventy-three cents
for the outstanding w^arrants on the first of November, eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, there remained the sum of one hundred
and fourteen thousand four hundred and ninety dollars and seventy-
eight cents. If to this is added the probable products of the tax of
eighteen hundred and sixty-nine (not yet collected), i. e., two hun-
dred and ten thousand dollars, the sum of three hundred and twen-
ty-four thousand four hundred and ninety dollars and seventy-eight
cents only remained for the advancement of the building and its comple-
tion, as the Commissioners had promised in their last report, for the next
Legislature.
When this sum was expended the building had so far advanced toward
a realization of this promise, and the architect so confident of his ability
to effect it, that your Board, after a careful consideration of the subject,
assumed the responsibility, with the consent of the State Controller, of
drawing on, or anticipating the funds from the tax of the coming year,
eighteen hundred and seventy.
In the architect's report, which is appended, exhibit A is a full list of
the entire expenditures for the two years, from November first,
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, to November first, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-nine, the excess from the Controller's books show-
ing the outstanding warrants to be two hundred and seventy thou-
sand eight hundred and seventy-nine dollars and ninety-three cents, to
which may be added all the expenses of the current month, contracts for
glass and parts of smaller contracts, besides further expenses in fitting
up the State departments.
When the excellent condition of the building is considei'ed, being so
far finished that no deterioration will occur if the work is not resumed
for years, the occupancy of the elegant interior, with its ample conve-
niences, and the certainty that the only loss to the State was in the
depreciation of the warrants, j^our Board feel no regret at the responsi-
bility they assumed.
Exhibit B of the architect's report is an approximated cost required
to complete the buildings and grounds, exclusive of sculpture, paintings,
6
fountains, etc. It munt depend, of course, on the Legislature, when the
work can be resumed. It will be seen that the present outstanding war-
rants, with those that must be issued, will nearly or quite absorb all
the tax of eighteen hundred and seventy, and even were this paid now
there would still be no actual funds untilJanuary, eighteen hundred and
Beventy-two, unless the old course is adopted of anticipating the tax.
If proj)er provisions and preparations are made at once, there is
reason to think the entire edifice and grounds can be completed in the
next two years.
A. EBDINGTON,
EDGAE MILLS,
A. F. CORONEL,
H. L. NICHOLS.
ARCHITECT'S REPORT.
REPORT.
State Capitol op California, Architect's Office, )
Sacramento, November 19th, 1869. J
To His Excellency Governor Haight and the Honorable Board of State Capitol
Commissioners :
Gentlemen : At the date of my last biennial report, November eigh-
teenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, the condition of the State
Capitol building was described thus :
" The iron and brick work, which had been commenced the August
previously, at the line of the basement cornice, had been carried up to the
line of the third floor, and was ready for the iron beams of that floor.
The Venetian arcade, mezzanine, and part of third division had been
added to the rotunda, making in all about fifty feet that season, and the
outer circle of walls carried nearly high enough for the great archino-
under the tambour."
Pending the action of the Legislature during the winter of eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven and eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, in refer-
ence to abandoning the building and removing the Capitol from this
city, I proceeded, under your direction, as slowly as was consistent with
the uncertainty and the small amount of material on hand. It was not
until the April following, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, that I
received your directions to proceed with all possible dispatch, and, if
possible, complete the building so far as was required for its occupancy
by the coming Legislature and the State officers.
The occupancy, at the present date, by the State officers of their
quarters, the entire completion of the grand legislative halls and
library, and the near completion of the entire interior, attests the suc-
cessful and the most rapid architectural completion of its kind that, to
the best of my knowledge, has ever been effected on earth, and und.er
many peculiar and unexpected difficulties, some of which may be men-
tioned : The delay, by five or six months, of the iron contractors in San
Francisco in furnishing the iron ; the necessarily slow progress in settino-
the immense architrave and cornice, each measuring nearly one thou-
2
10
and two hundred lineal feetj the construction and adjustment of the
vast roof, covering over sixty thousand surface feet, with is varied prin-
cipals and trusses, had at one time nearly destroyed the hope of success,
as, while expecting to be under roof by November, eighteen hundred
and sixty-eight, it was not until the twenty-fourth day of April, eighteen
hundred and sixty-nine, the last piece of cornice was set, nor was the
roof completed for some time after.
The plastering, meantime, had been commenced on the twenty-fifth
of January, and although pushed with all possible energy, was not com-
pleted until the last of October. On the eighth of August, eighteen
liundrcd and sixty-eight, the brick arching of the great dome was com-
menced j two of the three galleries have been turned, and the walls
carried above the line of roof and ready for the tambour under the
circular peristyle. The brick arch of the inner dome was completed
on the seventeenth of November following, and all the brickwork of
the interior, and indeed of all the building, excepting part of the unfin-
ished dome, step foundations and porticoes, has been finished, as has
also the plastering, excepting a few rooms in the third story, staircases
and roLunda; and the carpenter's work and painting, with the exceptions
of these apartments, are respectively as near being finished.
And I may here add that the entire interior is much more thoroughly
and permanently finished than I had contemplated as being necessary
for its occupation, especially in reference to the gas fitting and plumb-
ing, gas and water buiug introduced entirely through the building and
each apartment supplied in an elegant and substantial style, besides the
construction and finish of all the closets, etc.
It may seem needless to speak of the quality of material and work —
that meets universal approval. In your purchases preference has always
been given to the very best article at the lowest rate, and this has been
the rul^e in all the important contracts, which have generally been
advertised for. In the minor purchases I have followed the same rule,
and both in the selection of material and the operation of its use, while
using strict economy, have endeavored to build for all time, especially
with reference to the combinations of iron and masonry, and so far am
satisfied the building is one of the strongest in the world of its kind,
and this character can be retained by the same care in the construction
of the dome and porticoes. I am happy to add that there is not the
slightest settlement to be discovered since my surveys with the instru-
ment two years since ; indeed, the fissures so much talked of then have
nearly disappeared.
in calling your attention to the first exhibit (A), which is a schedule
of the total expenses from November first, eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven, to November first, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, I do so to
explain the discrepancy between the sum total (r. e. five hundred and
eighty thousand and eight dollars and seventy-four cents) and my esti-
mate furnished your Board in my last report, for the partial completion
of the building (i. e. three hundred and sixty-seven thousand six hundred
and fifty-seven dollars and fifty-one cents), being an excess of two hun-
dred and twelve thousand three hundred and fifty-one dollars and twenty-
three cents.
This difference is accounted for thus : Fir&t — The eight-hour law,
which came into operation in the spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-
eight, and on which my estimate was not predicated, added at least one-
fourth to the cost of the skilled and common labor on the building, and
of much that was used for it in the preparation of material outside.
11
Second—As has been mentioned, a much more thorough and general
finish has been made than contemplated in the estimate, the gas and
jDlumbing alone being in excess some twenty-five thousand dollars ;
walnut and laurel doors and panelling, plate glass, superior door and
window furniture, enriched marble mantles, generally expensive finish-
ings, and a vast and unexpected expense in shelving and fitting rooms
and library, all furnishing items which are fully worth what theyhave
cost to the State. But, while the propriety of their use is questioned
by none, they formed no part of my estimate.
Another and important item of expense has been the depreciation of
the Capitol warrants, in consequence of anticipating the tax by so long
a period — requiring, in most cases, an advance from cash prices much
more than the probable interest; aud it is pertinent for me to say here,
that unless the coming Legislature appropriate other funds than the ten
cent tax for the completion of the building, the Commissioners should
suspend all work and expense of every kind on it for at least one year;
or if not entirely suspended, such portions of the work only should be
projected as will involve no great expense, and be improved bj^ a slow
process. One of the first and moat important points should be carefully
calculated and graded foundations for the front steps and portico,
preparation of materials for the upper dome, and also for the allegorical
figures in the front tympanum, on which the highest art that can be
procured on the continent should be employed.
Following the completion of the front and side porticos, steps and
upper dome, including balustrade round the building, the inner dome
and rotunda, outside cement and painting can be completed. For the
finish of the former I refer you to its history and specifications pre-
sented to Governor 'Low's Commission, October first, one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six. While grading the lot and planting proper
shrubber}' would seem as the earliest point to gain, the particular cir-
cumstances require it to be the last. I am now preparing plans for the
front portico projection and steps, which plans contemplate the ground
being sloped, with one or two terraces, from the granite line to a point
eighteen inches above the present grade of M street, presuming as I do
that a measure so unwise and so ruinous to the plan site of the Capitol
as filling up the streets around it will never be contemplated by the citi-
zens of Sacramento.
This course will necessitate the larger part of the filling in to be
around and near the building, which, for several reasons, it w^ould be
unwise to do now. In the first place, the means of heating and ventila-
tion for this winter, are only experimental. A system may have to be
adopted requiring access to the basement (now almost hermetically
sealed) and the construction of window vaults and areas on the outside,
which can be done, if done it is, more easily from the present level of
the ground, as also foundations for steps; besides, a partial filling in of
the lot would retard building operations, movements of the derrick, etc.
I think, therefoi-e, the wisest course is to let the grounds and fence be
the last point finished. 1 give this as an answer to the'wishes of many
to have the grounds filled and the trees growing. The latter can be
planted already grown, and the former cannot be entirely effected until
the building is finished.
The estimate shown on exhibit B for the completion must be taken
only as an approximation of the cost. They cannot be otherwise, until I
have time to complete the elaborate drawings for the grounds, dome,
porticos and steps, and figures on front, and the chance of a change in
12
heating and ventilation, which this winter's observation will enable me
to do. I am now engaged on the designs for the projections mentioned,
but some weeks must elapse before I can present them.
The contracts as a rule have been satisfactorily filled, or promise as
much within a few days. The one for plate glass, with Whittier & Ful-
ler, and about which 1 had the greatest anxiety, is worthy of remark as
connected with the history of the building, and speaks well for the
energy and promptness of the firm. It was ordered in April last, manu-
factured for the building in Belgium, came round Cape Horn in a sailing
ship, and was here twelve days inside the contract time.
In the prosecution of the work for two years, with its attending hur-
ries and perils, myself and assistants have been favored — no loss of life
or limb, nor accident of note. 1 feel a large part of the success is to
be attributed to Messrs. Herndbn, Day, Litchfield, Divene, Foster,
Hobson & Middleton, Langland, Jones, Cadwalader, Mara & Argenti,
and more especially to Mr. P. W. Burnett, the master carpenter, without
whose quiet and untiring industry so much could not have been
accomplished.
In my capacity of architect, and often agent for your Board, my
interest has been for the State ; but with a clear view to that interest, I
wish to avoid a wrong to any of the contractors, many of whom made
their contracts based on my assurance that the warrants would not go
below ninety. It is for your Board to consider how far these contrac-
tors may have claims for the depreiciaton below ninety.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GORDON P. CUMMINGS,
Architect.
13
EXHIBIT A
Pay roll for November, 1867, eighty-nine men
Pay roll for December, 1867, eighty men
Pay roll for January, 1868, seventy-four men
Pay roll for February, 1868, seventy-three men
Pay roll for March, 1868, sixty-nine men
Pay roll for April, 1868, one hundred and thirteen men..
Pay roll for May, 1868, seventy-seven men
Pay roll for June, 1868, seventy-four men
Pay roll for July, 1868, seventy-four men
Pay roll for August, 1868, eighty-eight men
Pay roll for September, 1868, eighty-nine men...
Pay roll for October, 1868, eighty-six men
Pay roll for November, 1868, eighty-eight men
Pay roll for December, 1868, ninety-seven men
Pay roll for January, 1869, ninety-nine men
Pay roll for February, 1869, one hundred and twenty-nine
men ,
Pay roll for March, 1869, one hundred and thirty-eight
men
Pay roll for April, 1869, one hundred and fifty-five men
Pay roll for May, 1869, one hundred and sixty-three men...
Pay roll for June, 1869, one hundred and fifty-six men
Pay roll for July, 1869, one hundred and fifty-four men
Pay roll for August, 1869, one hundred and ninety-four
men
Pay roll for September, 1869, two hundred and five men..
Pay roll for October, 1869. two hundred and nineteen men
Iron castings, from Howland, Angel & Company
Cast iron pipe, from Goss & Lambard and others
Inspecting iron, C. C. Bemis
Wrought iron, Gibbs & Holmes
W. A. Hardenberg & Company, hard lumber
Candles, matches, etc., A. Evers
Hauling, by John Perry
Stationery and drawing paper, Edwards and Bithell
Eoofing, by Boheme & Lawson
Turton & Knox, hauling
Mouldings, from Hartwell & Stalker
Sacramento Water Works
Inspecting iron, W. Moon
Iron work, from Eobert Anderson
Marble mantles, P. J. Devine
Library stairs, Langland & Cameron
Plaster sculpture, Joseph Argenti
Wire sash cord, Halladie & Company
Polishing laurel, J. McAuliffe
Making doors, Hanes & Hobby
Amount carried forward.
$15,058 70
5,079 25
4,587 75
5,511 73
4,044 68
7,898 68
5,616
3,179
6.467
7.340
8,717
7,387
9,541
7,265
9,536 99
10,885 84
11,766 77
14,783 49
14,137 41
16,395 65
15,050 25
16,934 99
15,563 13
20,809 78
108,320 48
3,300 94
1,179 00
742 38
115 85
126 82
741 00
183 50
1,523 65
908 00
1,174 05
558 50
225 00
166 00
7,700 00
3,425 00
550 00
64 50
1,003 93
266 00
$375,825 48
14
Exhibit A — Continued.
Amount brought forward
Library rail, W. McKibbcn
Plaster ornaments, S. Kellett
Gas fixtures, Middleton & Hobson
Hardware, James Carolan
Safes, locks, girders, etc., Kittredge & Leavitt
Iron beams. Phoenix Iron Company
Paints, glass, etc., Whittier & Fuller ,
Paints, glass, etc., Gates & Brother
Machine work, George Schmeiser
Granite and wood, S. D. Smith
Bricks, Walter & Bowers
Hardware, Huntington & Hopkins
Lime, P. Bannon
Iron, I. S. Vanwinkle
Lumber, Sheldon ct Davis, Hobbs & Gilmore
Lumber, Turman & Smith
Lumber, F. &*J. Hopper
Lumber, Springer & Knowland
Gas pipe, etc., Thomas H. Selby & Company
Lead pipe, weights, etc., San Francisco Shot Works
Hauling, Stanyan & Company.
Purchasing lumber, A. Wingard
Carving and turning, E. Power and A. Such
Moulding and planing. Hunt & Anderson
Lime, plaster and cement. Holmes
Lumber, N. L. Drew & Companj^
Advertisements
Freight
Plumbing, D. W. Clark •
Hauling, G. Y. Cross
Interest, D. 0. Mills & Company
Insurance, Pacific Insurance Company
Grading L street
Salaries of Commissioners, architect and Secretary for two
years
Sundries, including telegraphing, porterage, etc., etc
Total of Exhibit A, as per monthly account in ledger.
$375,825 48
690 00
421 00
12,257 80
1,942 69
22,037 50
13,410 59
2,492 82
3,337 71
2,157 77
2.043 54
26,282 58
13,143 64
6,463 06
2.044 68
2,983 58
8,212 81
702 26
■ 2,466 21
15^910 79
6,729 65
300 32
716 34
467 93
1,797 99
10,052 70
28,784 33
441
1,180
111
159
354
174
846
75
75
45
50
82
11
56
12,699 84
364 49
§580,008 74
15
EXHIBIT B.
Approximate Cost of Finishing the Building.
Cast iron •
Stone steps, seven thousand nine hundred feet, lineal
Probable cost of stylobate and blocking, not designed
Stone work of outer corridor
Marble pedestals, rotunda floor
Plastering rotunda to top
Outside mastic and painting
Probable cost of upper dome, complete
Sculpture on pediment front
One million five hundred thousand bricks, lime, sand, labor,
etc
Plastering and material, third story halls
Carpenters' work and lumber for third story halls
Seven outside doors and trimmings
Granite tiling
Fence and gates
Iron girders for ceiling of portico
Completion of plumbing, closets, etc
Carpenters' work, lumber, etc
Officers' salaries and incidental expenses
Total.
573,920 00
17.380 00
25,000 00
4,000 00
6,000 00
4.800 00
18.000 00
75.000 00
12,000 00
37.500 00
12,000 00
5.000 00
3.500
7.200
40,000
7.000
6,000 00
5,000 00
20,000 00
00
00
00
00
$381,280 00
REPORT
m
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
R P: P» O R T.
The Commissioners appointed under an Act to pro«'ide for the revision
and compilation of the laws of the State of California, and the publica-
tion thereof, passed March twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
eight, respectfully report lo the Legislature of the State of California :
That the}^ entered upon the performance of their duties in the month
of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and have been engaged in
them since that time.
That the Commission has adopted, as the best and most convenient
mod,e, the alphabetical order of arrangement of subjects, in the proposed
revision and compilation ; each subject being properly sectionized, and
divided, when requisite, into ditferent chapters; each chapter containing
a reference, by head notes, to the subject contained in each section, and
being also furnished with side notes and a reference to the latest
authorities.
The Commission has experienced considerable difficulty in placing the
various subjects under their appropriate relative positions, as hitherto
the laws appear to have been scattered through the digests without
much attention to their proper location.
Another source of great difficulty to the Commission has been the fact
that almost ever}' county in the State appears to possess a somewhat
separate system of laws, and to present a little '■'■ impei-iurn in imperio" of
its own. The Commission has endeavored, so far as possible, to reconcile
these disci'epancies, and to adopt a form of internal government appli-
cable, as far as practicable, to each county in the State.
The Commission has also adopted important amendments in the Act
regarding crimes and punishments, the Criminal Practice Act, the Civil
Practice Act, the law respecting corporations and the election law,
believing that the law in regard to elections, as it at present exists, is
^far too complicated, cumbrous and expensive to meet either the wants or
wishes of the people.
The Commission would also call attention to some proposed modifica-
tions of the State constitution in the following particulars :
^The omission of the terms '• Kecordcrs' Courts" and " Recorders," as
applied to criminal magistrates, from the provisions of that instrument,
the Commission believing that there is not a single " Recorder's Court"
existini^ in the State, and that the term has become almost, if not
entirely, obsolete as applied to this State.
A provision in regard to the Siijircme Court, where one or more of the
Justices may, from any cause, be disqualified from rendering an adjudi-
cation in any case pending in said Court, and providing that in such
case the decision of a majorit}^ of said Jus'tices not so disqualified shall
be valid as a judgment, and that in case of an equal division, the same
shall operate as an affirmance of the judgment.
An appointment of the various County Assessors by the Governor,
instead of election by the people of the various counties they are called
on to assess, the Commission believing that by this means a much fairer
relative assessment of propcrt}^ in the difterent counties would be obtained.
An amendment of the provision requiring all property in the State to
be taxed, so as to exempt from taxation charitable institutions, etc.
A repeal of the grand jury system and abolition thereof
A provision giving to a verdict by three-fourths of a petit jury the
same effect as a verdict by the entire jury.
A repeal of the provision requiring the publication of the laws in the
Spanish language, the Commission believing that at the present time the
same is an unnecessary expense.
The Commission would also suggest the passage of a law providing
for the codification, or the reduction " into a written and systematic code,
the whole body of the law of this State," as has been already done in
the State of New York, by the creation of a civil, a political and a
criminal code.
There are now i*evised, and ready for printing, the following statutes :
Adulteration of Food and Liquors.
Agriculture.
Amusements. '
Anatomy.
Animals, Prevention of Cruelty to.
Apprentices. .
Archives of State.
Assayer of State.
Assessors, County.
Assignability of Instruments in Writing.
Attorney -General.
Attorneys and Counsellors-at-Law.
Auctioneers.
Auditors, County.
Bailiff of Supreme Court.
Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes.
Bonds of Cities and Counties.
Bonds of Ofiicers.
Chattel Mortgages.
Cities.
County Clerks.
County Surveyors.
Clerk of Supreme Court. >
Coast Survey.
Commissioners of Deeds.
Common Law.
Congressional Districts.
Constables.
5
Controller.
County Treasurers.
Conveyances.
Coroners.
Counties.
Courts of Justice and .Judicial Officers
Crimes and Punishments.
Criminal Practice Act.
Deaf. Dumb and Blind.
Death b}' \Vron<fful Act.
Descents and Distributions.
Distances, Legal.
Distribution of Laws.
District Attornej's.
Divorces.
Elections.
Escheated Estates.
Estra3's.
Evidence.
Examiners of State Funds, etc.
Executions.
Fee Bill.
Fences.
Ferries and Toll Bridges.
Firemen.
Forcible Entries and Unlawful Detainers.
Fish.
Fraudulent Conveyances.
Funds of State.
Game.
Gaming.
Gas Metres.
Geologist of State.
Grave^'ards.
Gauger of Wines and Liquors.
Guardian.
Habeas Corpus.
Harbors.
Harbor Commissioners.
Harbor Police Eegulations.
Hides of Cattle.
Hogs. •
Home of the Inebriate.
Homestead.
Husband and Wife.
Immigration and Passengers.
Imprisoned Debtors.
Indians.
Indigent Sick.
Infirmaries. •
Insolvents.
Insane Asylum.
Insurance Commissioner.
Interest.
Judges of the Plains.
6
Juroi's.
Labor.
Landlord and Tenant.
Lands of State.
Offices and Officers.
Practice Act, Civil.
Eevenue Act, and a large portion of the Act concerning Corporations.
Some of the above have already been placed in the hands of the State
Printer, but the Commission seeing the impossibility of completing the
revision during the present session of the Legislature, has only aimed,
by the printing of a portion of the subjects, to show the general scope
and design of the work.
The Commission early discovered the utter impossibility of properly
preparing the work within the time allowed by the Act, and upon refer-
ring to a revision of the laws in several of the States, it appears that in
the State of Greorgia such revision occupied two years; in New Hamp-
shire, two years; in Iowa, two years; in Minnesota, three years; in
Massachusetts, four and one-half yeai's; and in New York, altogethei'
(including codification) about eight years. Some of the preceding appear
to be a mere re-compilation of existing laws.
The Commission believes that the publication of all the special laws
passed b}^ different Legislatures would present far too bulky a volume,
and that the advantage to be gained therefrom would not be at all com-
mensurate with the performance of the act. The Commission would
respectfully recommend a mere alphabetical reference, properly arranged,
to the statutes containing such special Acts.
In conclusion, the Commission would respectfully request the passage
of an Act b}^ your honorable body, allowing it the sufficient and neces-
sary time to finish its work carefully and properly, and finally to present
to the Legislature, as the representatives of the people of the State, a
volume or volumes which shall render the finding of any required law
easy and satisfactory, and be a credit to the State at large. Your hon-
orable body may rest assured that the revision, arrangement and correc-
tion of the mass of legislative Acts comprised in the statutes of this
State, is neither a light undertaking nor one to be properly accomplished
in a hurry.
Eespectfully,
H. P. BARBER,
JOHN B. HARMON,
Commissioners.
S4Ai:^ CRUZ JBi4RBQR,
^TiltLiyod froiTi IZS, Coast Suri/ey C/iart.
^Ac Sou/?cli^iiys cere in, J^t/io^ixs^
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REPORT
coM:M:issio]srE:RS
APPOINTED TO EXAiriNE THE
HARBOR OF SANTA CRUZ AND SALINAS SLOUGH,
BAY OF MONTEREY.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
H E r> O R T .
San Francisco, Cal., February 26th, 1870.
To His Excellency,'
H. H. Haight,
Governor of California:
The Commission appointed by the Legislature of this State (Chapter
62 of the statutes of 1869-70, approved February 11th. 1870), "to examine
the harbor of Santa Cruz and Salinas Slough in the Bay of Monterey,
for the purpose of ascertaining whether the same, or either of them,
are or can- be made suitable for a harbor of refuge, and whether the
same, or either of them, can by artificial means be improved," has the
honor to submit the following report :
The Conimission first visited the harbor of Santa Cruz.
An examination of the harbor, from the adjacent shore, together with
the Coast Survey chart, clearly indicated that the only method of making
this a safe harbor of refuge will be by the construction of a breakwater,
and indicates also the approximate positfcn and extent of such a break-
water.
This harbor is situated at tlie noi-thwest portion of the Bay of Mon-
terey, and is protected from all winds from the northward, but exposed
to the full sweep of southerly gales.
The available anchorage is about one and one-half miles in length from
east to west, and about three-quarters of a mile wide from north to
south.
We annex a sketch of the harbor, on a scale of one twenty-thou-
sandth, being twice the size of the original Coast Surve3'^ chart.
On this sketcli we have laid down the 0|)proximate position of where
we think a breakwater, if one is constructed, should be built.
It will be observed, from the location which has been chosen, that
passages for vessels are left around each end of the supposed breakwater,
the main entrance to the harbor, however, being betAveen the shore and
its eastern end.
It is necessary to provide two entrances or channels, for should either
end of the breakwater be joined to the adjacent shore, the currents in
the harbor would be checked, and the great quantities of sand brought
down by the San Lorenzo River, being no longer carried away by the
currents, would be deposited in the quiet waters of the harbor, and fill it
up in the course of time.
The breakwater is supposed to be three-quarters of a mile in length.
It is believed that this length would protect a harbor of sufficient size
for commercial purposes, and at the same time afford protection to all
vessels likely to seek shelter here in protracted gales from the south or
southwest.
The breakwater, as sketched, would be built in a depth of six and a
half fathoms of water, at low tide.
The sheltered area available for the anchorage of vessels would be
about one-half a mile wide from north to south, and about one mile long
from east to west, or three hundred and twenty acres.
Doubtless, if a large harbor was required here for vessels of war as
well as commerce, the breakwater should be built from a quarter to a
half mile further out towards Point Santa Cruz, but this would carry it
out to seven and a half and eight fathoms of water at low water, by
which the expense of construction would be greatly increased.
There is an abundance of stone of a suitable quality for the construc-
tion of such a breakwater, both granite and limestone (or marble),
within about three and a-half to four miles of the harbor, and there
would be no great natural obstacles to be overcome in the construction
of a railroad for its transportation, should a breakwater be determined
upon.
MODE OF CONSTRUCTION.
We would first drive piles from the shore opposite the west end of the
breakwater as far out as it would be possible to make the piles secure
against the force of the waves. Doubtless they could be carried out to
twelve feet and perhai.s to eighteen feet of water, at low water.
On these piles we would construct the railroad tr%ck for the trans-
portation of the stone.
But, as we have before observed, it will be necessary to provide an
entrance or water way into the harbor from the west end. Such an
opening would have to be passed by a bridge.
The easiest wa}- to do this would probablj- be to deposit the stone
forming the west end of the breakwater (at A) from vessels, until a cone
of heavy stones was raised to a hight of about ten or fifteen feet above
extreme high water. A strong temporary bridge, some two hundred or
two hundred and fift}' feet in length, coulil then be thrown over the
opening between this stone pier and the end of the temporary wharf,
over which the stone, for the remainder ol' the breakwater, could be
trans]X)rted.
Alter the completion of the breakwater, the bridge and pile work
could be removed, and the western passage would then be unobstructed.
As to the cross section to be given to such a breakwater, we think it
should receive the same general forn\ and dimensions as experience in
other places has shown to be necessary. We have consulted the elab-
orate work of Sir John Ronnie on "The theor}-, formation and construc-
tion of British and foreign harbors," and examined pai-ticularly the con-
struction of the Chei-bourg breakwater in France, and the Delaware
breakwater at the mouth of the Delaware River, and we have ari-ived at
the conclusion that a breakwater in the position we have sketched for
Santa Cruz harbor, should have a width on top of at least thirty feet j
M
/9 /9
/IS
51'
19'
20'
6
that it should rise to a height of at least six feet above high water of
spring tides ; that the inner slope might be forty-five degrees or one
upon one ; that the outer slope, down to a depth of twenty feet below
the low water of spring tides, ought to be one upon six, and below that
depth it might be one upon one.
Supposing the average depth of water to be six and one-half fiithoms,
or thirty-nine feet at low water of spring tides, and that these tides rise
to a height of six feet, the following would be the cross section of tlie
breakwater. [See page five.]
The area ot the cross section of such a breakwater would be nine
thousand seven hundred and thirty square feet.
Or, one foot in length of such a breakwater would contain ning thou-
sand seven hundred and thirty cubic feet, which is equal to three hun-
dred and sixty cubic yards, and, disregarding the void spaces between
the stones, (which would be a liberal allowance for the enlargements at
the ends of the breakwater, and for the stone that might be washed
away by storms during the construction) and allowing two tons to the
cubic yard, we have seven hundred and twenty tons of stone for one
foot in length of the breakwater. Three-quarters of a mile, or three
thousand nine hundred and sixty feet in length, will therefore require
two million eight hundred and fifty-one thou.sand two hundred tons of
stone.
This is a very large quantity, so large that we have no data, at least
on this coast, b}^ which we can arrive at even an approximate estimate
of its cost.
To give an idea of the extent of the work, it may be stated that if we
suppose three hundred working days to the year, and that we can
quarr}^ transport and put in place one thousand tons of stone per day,
the construction of the breakwater would occupy nine and one-half years.
If we suppose the stone to cost two dollars per ton, put in place, the
total cost would be five million seven hundred and two thousand four
hundred dollars.
It ought to be understood that this is onl}- an ap'proximate estimate.
It may be too much or it may be too little. A correct estimate could
be made only after a careful study, based upon correct data, of all details.
While the Commission does not feel called upon to express any
opinion as to the advisability of the Government undertaking the con-
struction of such a breakwater at Santa Cruz, yet it has no hesitation
in stating that some harbors of refuge are much needed on this coast.
There is no good, safe harbor of refuge between San Francisco and
San Diego to the southward, and none between San Francisco and the
mouth of the Columbia Eiver to the iiorlhwaid, if indeed the entrance
to that river maj' be called a safe one.
At least two harbors of refuge are wanted on this coast — one to the
south and the other to the north of this city — and if their construction
is found to be practicable, within any reasonable limits of exjiense, the
best interests of this State, as well as the commercial interests of the
whole coast, require that they should be commenced without unnecessary
delay.
After completing the examination ol the Harbor of Santa Cruz, we
embarked on the steamer Salinas, and visited "Salinas Slough "
This slough is situated at the most easterly ])oint of Monterey Ba}',
and is nearly equally distant from Monterey and Santa Cruz.
We had a good o]>portunily to observe the bar at the mouth of ihi.s
flleui'h, which is also the mouih of the Salinas Kiver.
There is a depth of only about three feet of water on the bar at low
water, and it is constantly sliifting. The channel inside is very narrow
and crooked, with but little water in some places.
Our observations here contirmcd us in the opinion we had already
formed from an examination of the Coast Survey chart, that it would
be impossible to construct a harbor of refuge at the mouth of this slough,
on account of the great depth of water.
It is stated in Professor Davidson's " Directory of the PacijSc Coast,"
in speaking of the Bay of Monterey, that, "a remarkable submarine
valley, similar to that off Point Hueneme, ha'; been discovered, and to
some extent traced out in this bay. The head of the valley is five-
eighths of a mile south of the mouth of the Salinas River, and the
twenty-fathom line is only a quarter of a mile off the beach, the depth
increasing to fifty fathoms in the next quarter of a mile.
Of course, the construction of a breakwater on the slopes of such a
submarine valley ma}' be looked upon as entirely impracticable.
The only improvement that could be hoped for here, would be to
straighten and deepen the entrance into the slough, by contracting its
outlet and confining its waters to a fixed channel. The difiiculties of
forming and maintaining such an entrance into this slough, on account
of the light, sandy formation, and the heavy sea on the bar during west-
erly gales, would be verj' serious, and we do not know that such an im-
provement would be practicable, and would not like to pass au opinion
on it without a special survey and study, which the limited time at our
disposal prevents us from undertaking.
A great quantity of grain and other products find their way over this
bar, bad as it is, from the valleys of the Pajaro and Salinas Rivers, and,
if the bar at the mouth of the slough could be improved, it would be a
great benefit to those productive valleys. ' .
Respectfully submitted,
B. S. ALEXANDER,
Lt.-Col. Eng., Bt. Brig.-Gen,, U. S. A.
C. W. LIGHTNER.
RESOLUTIONS
PRESENTED FROM THE
Trustees of tlie Tom^h
SJ^'MTA. ORTIZ.
D W. GEI.WICKS. STATE PRINTER.
TIESOLUTIO^S
Officp; of the Board of Trustees of the
Inhabitants of the Town of Santa Cruz,
January 4th, 1870.
Hon. Speaker of the Assembly^ California Lcfjislature :
At a regular meeting of the Board of Trustees of the inhabitants of
the Town of Santa Uruz, it was nnanimously
Rewlved, That we indorse and approve of the amendment to the Act
of the incorporation of the Town of Santa Cruz, as introduced into the
present Legislature b}- the Plon. F. A. Ilihn, member of Assembly from
this county.
Resolved., That we unanimouslj' ask for the passage of said bill, believ-
ing it to be in harmony witli the views and to the best interests of the
majority of the people of this town.
Resolved, That the Clerk of this Board be, and is hereby, instructed to
forward a certified copy of these resolutions to the Speaker of the
House, and to onr Senator and member of Assembly elect.
The above is a true copy.
JOSIAH S. GREEN, President.
Attest : Charles S. Hussey, Clerk of the Board.
EESOLUTIOISrS
PASSED BY THE
loarit 0f ^itgtrl)is0rs of Jfresito Cjnunig
AND PRESENTED TO THE
ASSEMBLY, MARCH 16, 1870.
p. W. OELWICKS STATE PRINTER
RESOLUTIONS.
Statk of California, ) ^^
County of Fresno, j
1, Harry Dixon, County Clerk and ex officio Clerk of the County
Court and Board of Supervisors, in and for the said county, do hereby
certify, that the following is a full, true and correct copy of a resolution
passed by said Board this day, as the same appears upon the minutes
thereof, to wit :
To the Honorable the Senate and Assembly of the Stale of California :
The Board of Supervisors of Fresno County, in session,
Resolved, That from the universal dissatisfaction expressed by the gen-
eral public, as well as by the dictates of our own judgment, we are con-
strained to appeal most earnestly to your honorable body to defeat the
following bills affecting the interest of this county, viz:
• Assembly Bill No. 328, entitled an Act providing for the drainage
and reclamation of certain lands, and for navigation between certain
places.
Also, a bill granting the exclusive right to certain parties to the use
of King's Eiver, for the purpose of running lumber for a term of years,
as different parties are desirous of entering into the business of running
timber in said river, unless prevented by special legislation.
And, also, a franchise to , for the exclusive right to_ the
fisheries of any lake or stream in Fresno County — the passage of either
of which bills, we feel, would be a great public evil, depriving us of
competition, retarding our prosperity by monopolizing that which
should be free to alCaud which enterprises have been kept back for
want of sufficient demand to warrant the opening of the enterprises;
and, at least, that said bills may not become laws, except on condition
that they shall be submitted to a direct vote of the people of said
county.
Attest my hand and official seal this, the ninthday of March, eighteen
hundred and seventy.
[SEAL.] HAEKY DIXON, Clerk.
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION,
IN REFERENCE TO
SENi^TOR MA-NDEVILLE'S BILL
ESTABLISHMENT OF A STATE IMMIGRATION BUREAU.
L». W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
H E I* O R T .
Mr. President : The Committee on Immigration have bad under
consideration Senate Bill No. 446, entitled an Act to provide for the
establishment and maintenance of a State Immigration Bureau, for the
purpose of encouraging immigration, with a view to the more rapid
settling up of agricultural lands in tbelState of California.
Your committee have carefully considered the bill, in all its bearings.
The provisions and requirements are so simple and easy, and the objects
intended to be attained so eminently necessarj^ to the future well-being
of the State, that they cordially indorse it, and strenuously recommend
its immediate passage, so that no time may be lost in carrying into effect
so important a measure.
The political economy of our State is a subject, at the present moment,
of absorbing interest to all who understand and appreciate the princi-
ple involved therein. The development of the State's resources — first,
in its varied and peculiar adaptability for producing almost eveiy kind
of agricultural products, and, second, the encouragement of home manu-
factures, as means, each of them, for securing wealth to the State and
community — have heretofore been greatly neglected, and the natural
channels open to industrial pursuits, which produce the wealth of
nations, consequently not been availed of. Capital, as applicable to
labor, and consequent production, is not properly distributed, being for
the most part loaned out at such exorbitant rates of interest as effectu-
all}" to deter the onward progress and prosperity of the State.
Labor is wealth ; and every agriculturist, manufacturer, mechanic or
laborer, that comes to the State and finds employment, adds his propor-
tion to the coffers of the State.
The network of railroads projected and in course of construction
through the length and breadth of the land, demand more than ever the
early settling up our vast agricultural and grazing lands by thrifty and
industrious classes, with adequate means to carry on their business.
There are millions of such men as we require, in Europe and our Eastern
States, who would cast their lot among us, if properly enlightened on
the subject of the vast fields for enterprise and the accumulation of
wealth which await the industrious and frugal immigrant in this our
favored State. Eeliable facts and statistics, judiciousl}^ distributed,
4
would, in the opinion of your committee, brinuj about such an immigra-
tion within the next five years as would efFoctually set at rest the ques-
tion of the future success of California, and place it, as a prosperously
producing State, on a level witli any of her sisters.
With an increased agricultural and grazing community, the accumula-
tion of wealth would inure to the State by taxation, the sale of lands,
and commerce growing out of such increase. It would also create
demands for such productions and manufactures as are necessary adjuncts
and follow in the wake of civilization, tliercby furnishing employment
for all, and producing a necessary and healthy equipoise between the
supply and demand of labor.
Neither capital and labor nor supply and demand are now evenly bal-
anced. Capital is concentrated in too few hands, producing thereby-
unhealthy monopolies, wliereas it should be employed in promoting
industrial enterprises which would afford eraploj'nient to the labor mar-
ket, which is now in excess or the demand, as the large preponderance
of employes over employers at the present time, in our towns and cities,
fully testifies.
We are importing products and manufactured goods which should be
pro'duced at home, and which ^je productions of precious metals and
agriculture do not begin to warrant, and, as a consequence, we are merg-
ing into irretrievable bankruptcy, which cannot be long dehiyed, unless
mean's are adopted to avert the catastrophe.
In view of the foregoing, tlie premises being fully considered, your
committee report said bill back, with the several amendments thei-eto,
and recommend its passage as amended.
KOBEKT J. BETGE, Chairman.
Sacramento, March 19th, 1870.
Senate Chamber, |
REPORT
Committee on Contingent Expenses .
REI-ATIVF. TO
CERTAIN ACCOUNTS AGAINST THE SENATE.
D. W. GELWICK8. STATE PRINTER,
REPORT.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
TO NAT BOICE,
Sergeant-at-Abms of the Senate, Dr.
To amounts expended as follows, under the direction of the Senate, for rent of
rooms for the use of committees of the Senate, viz :
F. S. Lardner, four committee rooms, corner Fifth and K
streets, Corporations, Swamp and Overflowed Lands and
San Francisco delegation
Augustus Evers, Enrolling Committee, corner Ninth and L...
Wm. B. Ready, Engrossing Committee, J, between Tenth
and Eleventh
Mrs. "Wm. G. English, Committee on Counties and County-
Boundaries, Seventh, between I and J
Committee on Commerce and Navigation, Brannan House....
Total
^210 00
240 00
240 00
50 00
186 66
$926 66
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
TO NAT EOICE. Dr.
Febriiary 2Sfh, 1870. To amounts paid per order of Senate, to the followimj
named parties, for the follov;iiuj named articles, viz :
8225
25
1U5
10
lOG
95
12
12
2
75
10
00
120
00
39
00
129
75
91
51
75
75
John Brenner, tables, chairs, keys, locks, repairing, etc
Frank W. Gross, one luindred Stratton k liurgess' paper files.
David Bush, gas fitting for committee rooms
Bernard IJenncry, tin reflector, spittoons and water tumblers
Bernard Denncry. lamp chimneys and candlesticks
Bernard Denncry, water pitchers, tumblers and spittoons....
G. M. Parker, two fine American regulator clocks
Edwards & Co., Webster's dictionary, Hittell's digest, large
map of Californ ia
G. H. Swinerton. stoves and stove fixtures
W. Sharp, furnishing committee rooms for San Francisco
delegation and Corporations
W. Sharp, furnishing Swamp Land Committee room
P. Caduc, coal, wood and kindling, committee room, corner
Fifth and K
P. Caduc, coal, wood and kindling, committee room, J , between
Tenth and Eleventh, Engrossing Committee
P. Caduc, ice for Senate chamber
P. Caduc, coal, wood and kindling, committee room, corner
Ninth and L, Enrolling Committee
John P. Bell, tin box, paper and enveloj)s for San Francisco
delegation
B. Dennery. spittoons and cut tumblers
B. Dennery, lamps, shades and extra chimneys
P. H. Russell, matches, coal oil, etc
John Breuner, repairing desks, locks, chairs, tables, lleys, etc
C. Rave, four keys and repairing door lock
J. Hopley, two office tables. Engrossing and Enrolling Com-
mittees
J. Hoploy, four office tables, Engrossing and Enrolling Com-
mittees
F F. Buckley, washing towels during the session
City of Paris store, one dozen towels
Geo. Rowland, postage on daily and weekly papers during
session
Total
6 15
25 05
20 93
46 45
6 00
4 75
11 38
17 30
82 25
4 75
14 00
28
00
50
00
6
00
60
70
$1,291 89
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
Dr.
To the follow iu(j named parties, in the following named amounts, for neivspapers
furnished the Senate of the State of California, pursuant to resolution :
Name.
Name uf paper.
Kind of
p.Tper.
Amount.
San Luis Obispo Tribune
Chase <fc Boruck
Klose & Fitzgerald
Robert M. Folgor
Oakland Daily News
Wagstaff & .Jones
A. M. Parry
Frank A. Leach
The Monitor
San Joaquin Republican
San Joaquin Republican
Calaveras Chronicle
Rescue
John H. Carmany
Iluefncr, Cohuheim <fe Herzer
John G. Howell
A. Townsend
Visalia Delta
E. G. Lovejoy
James Anthony & Co
The Pacific
Thompson & Linthicum
Dewey & Co
James Arthony & Co
F. B. Murdock
Wm. S. Moss & Co
Red Bluff Independent
John H. Carmany
Wagstaff & Jones
W. M. Penry
Sonoma Democrat
Geo. I. Lytic
Geo. I. Lytle
John M. Sullivan
W. 11. n. Fellows
J. A. Vaughn & Co
State Capital Reporter
C. E. Spencer, Agent
C. E. Spencer, Agent
Arthur Shearer
Union Democrat
Addington & Green
James Anthony & Co
Weston & Guild
Byrne & Mitchell
Clear Lake Courier
Napa Reporter
A. S. Hopkins
T. A. Springer
A. A. Ames
Mariposa Gazette
Yreka Union
Wm. A. January
San Luis Obispo Tribune
Spirit of the Times
Spectator
Alpine Chronicle
Oakland Daily News
Yolo Mail
Northern Independent
Vallcjo Chronicle
Monitor
San Joaquin Republican
San Joaquin Republican
Calaveras Chronicle
Rescue
Overland Monthly. See also No. 27.
San Francisco Abend Post
Russian River Flag
Red Bluff Sentinel
Visalia Delta i..
Trinity Journal
Sacramento Union. This bill is to
January 1st, 1870
The Pacific
Solano Democrat
Scientific Press
Sacramento Union, for session
San Jose Patriot
San Francisco Examiner. This bill
is to February 1st
Red Bluff Independent
Overland Monthly. Same as No. 13.
Yolo Mail
Amador Dispatch
Sonoma Democrat
San Francisco Bulletin. This bill is
to February 1st
Sau Francisco Bulletin
Santa Clara News
Stars and Stripes
Mountain Messenger
State Capital Reporter. This bill is
for 8 weeks, commencing Dec. 6th.
Sacramento Record
Sacramento Record. See No. 56
Tulare Times
Union Democrat
Colusa Sun
Sacramento Union. This bill is from
January 3d, to January 29th
Petaluma Journal and Argus
Grass Valley Union
Clear Lake Courier
Napa Reporter
Golden City
Amador Ledger
Alta, Union and Bulletin
Mariposa Gazette.....
Yreka Union
Santa Clara Argus
Weekly..
Weekly ..
Weekly ..
Weekly..
Dailv
Weekly..
Weekly ..
Dailv
Wceidv..
Daily
Weekly..
Weekly..
Weekly ..
Monthly.
Daily..!..
Weekly ..
Weekly..
Weekly ..
Weekl}' ,.
Daily....
Weekly ,
Weekly .
Weekly ,
Weekly .
Daily....
Dailv....
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly ,
Weekly .
Dailv....
Weekly .
Daily....
Weekly .
Weekly .
Daily....
Daily....
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly .
Daily....
Weekly .
Daily....
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly .
Daily....
Weekly .
Weekly .
Weekly .
20
28
10
1
2
4
26
5
3
3
7
36
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
21
11
Name.
s
B
a
-1
Name of paper.
Kind of
paper.
O
o
"2.
5'
Amount.
51
52
53
54
55
56
66
57
58
59
Weekly...
Weekly...
Daily
Daily
Weekly...
Daily
Weekly...
Daily
Daily
Weekly...
3
2
36
36
1
5
3
30
1
2
9 00
Yolo Democrat
6 00
Sacramento Union. This is to Feb-
ruary 28th, from January 29th
Sacramento Union. This is from
February 2Sth to end of session...
Sacramento Journal (German)
72 00
93 00
3 00
15 00
Sacramento Record. See No. 36
State Capital Reporter. This is from
February 26th to end of session...
Santa Cruz Sentinel
6 00
State Publishing Company...
75 00
3 00
Robert Nixon
Yreka Journal
6 00
Resolved, That the Controller of State be and he is hereby directed to
draw warrants upon the Treasurer of State, in favor of each of the above
named parties, for the amounts above respectively stated, payable out of
the Contingent Fund of the Senate, and the Treasurer of State is
directed to pay the said warrants.
Mr. President : The Committee on Contingent Expenses recommend
the adoption of the above resolution.
WAND, Chairman.
H E F» O K T
OF THE
co]\d:M:issio]NrERs
APPOINTED TO
EXAMINE INTO THE PKACTICABILITY OF MAKING
A NEW OUTLET FOE THE FLOOD WATEES
OF THE SACEAMENTO VALLEY.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
K p: I^ O R T
Sacramento, December 8th, 1869.
To the Honorable Senate and Aasemhly of the State of California :
The undersigned, your Commissioners, appointed by an Act entitled
an Act to examine into the practieubility of making a new outlet for the
flood waters of the Sacramento Valley, approved March twentj'-eight.
eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, respectfully submit the following, in
advance of onr regular Eeport :
We have collected together a number of surveys made at different
times, aud we have matured a plan which we have submitted to many
eminent civil engineers of the State, and which thej'and we are satisfied
will thoroughly reclaim between seven and eight hundred thousand
acres of swamp land. The surveys we have, are however, many of them
disconnected, and to enable your Commissioners to make a satisfactory
report, some little work must be done in the field, and some expense will
be entailed upon us for draughtsmen, etc.; but the work will be of gen-
uine value to the State, whether the work of reclamation shall now be
undertaken or not. As you are aware, the Act by which we were
appointed makes no provision for the payment of any expenses, and in
order to make such a report as your honorable bodies and the land own-
ers might base your action uyjon, it would be necessai'y to expend
between five hundred and one thousand dollars. If your honorable
bodies desire that such a re))ort as the importance of the subject
demands, be made, Ave respectfullj' suggest that you at once authorize
us to proceed with the work.
JOHN W. BOST.
W. S. GJREEN,
AMOS MATTHEWS.
i
MESSAGE
GOVERNOR H. H. HAIGHT,
PKTUnNINC WITHOUT HIS APPROVAL
^SSEjVEBLY bill no. 111.
D. W. GELWICK8, STATE PRINTER.
MESS^OE.
State op California. Exkcutive Department. |
Sacramento, February 19th, 1870 j
To ilir, Ansp.mhty of the State of Cnhfornia :
J herewith return to your honorable body, without my approval,
Assembly Bill No. Ill— an Act to provide tor the construction of a
wa^on or turnpike road from a point at or near Ukiah City, in Mendo-
cino County, to a point at or near Cloverdale, in Sonoma County.
This bill grants to certain persons, named in it, the right to construct
a wagon road between the points designated, and to collect tolls on it
for the period of twenty years. It then requires the Board of Super-
visors of Mendocino County to issue ana deliver to the grantees county
bonds to the amount of twenty thousand dollars, bearing interest at
seven per cent, per annum. This provision is mandatory, and a slight
examination will show that the Supervisors have no discretion but to
issue tite bonds, as each section of the road is approved by three Com-
missioners, one of whom is to be named hij the grantees of the franchise.
There is no provision for submitting the issuance of these bonds to a
vote of the people of the county. fhe bill then requires the grantees
to incorporate, under the general law, under the name of " The Ukiah
and Cloverdale Road Company," and provides that this corporation
shall have all the privileges and incur all the liabilities imposed by the
general Act. except so far as those conflict with the provisions of this
bill.
There are several objections to the bill. There is a general law pro-
viding for the incorporation of wagon road and turnpike companies,
and their creation by special Act is against public policy.
My opposition to this species of legislation has been so often declared,
that it is only necessary briefly to recapitulate objections whicli were
presented at the last session, and sustained, almost unanimously, b}^ both
the Senate and Assembly. The povver and duty of making these grants
can be devolved upon the local authorities, under general laws contain-
ing restrictions and guards designed to secure the jMiblic interests.
Bills for these purposes, presented to the Legislature, are usually drawn
by or for the grantees, and are framed in their interest Members are
importuned to introduce them, and are often embarrassed to refuse
applications which are acceded to with reluctance. It is also true, that
the time of the Jjegiwlaturo is occupied l)y contests over these franchisos
lor private j)rotit, to the detriment of the general Itusinesis of the
session. These contests exei'cise a denioi'alizing influence u])on legisla-
tion, and are injurious in their tendency.
Legislative grants of franchises are in violation of the spirit, if Tiot of
the letter, of our State Constitution, which forbids the creation of cor-
porations by special Act. It was thought by the fi-amers of the Consti-
tution th t they had thus secured this State against the struggles for-
special (charters which had coirupted legislation elsewhere.
An inspection of our volumes of session laws will show, however,
how far the spirit of this salutary prohibition has been departed from.
A large portion of each volume is taken up by gi-ants of Iranchises for
almost every conceivable purj)0se, when all the legitimate objects of
such grants either are alrcad}', oi- could be, attained by a few general
laws carefully framed to protect the public interests, and conferring,
under proper guards, the ])ower to grant these franchises upon the local
authorities, who can always act more intelligently upon the subject.
The evils of this kind of legislation are obvious, and have been a
subject of comment in this and other States, This bill affords an illus-
tration of the impolicy of such measures. It gives the grantees two
3'ears to build a road, twelve feet or more in width, and proceeds to
endow them M'ith a loan of twenty thousand dollars of the bonds of
Mendocino County without an}' submission of the matter to the people.
The only seeurit}' for the re})ayment of the loan is a lien on the I'oad,
maturing one-half in ten jears and one-half in fifteen years. The Su-
pervisors are commanded to levy a tax of fifteen cents on each one hun-
dred dollars of property in that couniy, to provide for the interest on
these bonds.
I have received two protests against this bill, signed b}' citizens of
Mendocino County, setting forth that the county is in debt to a consid-
erable amount; that taxation is now onerous; that the I'oad is a local
improvement, and remonstrating against the issuance of county bonds
in its aid.
The bill is also open to a constitutional objectior^, which seems fatal
to its validity.
Section thirty-one of article four, of the State Constitution, prohibii>
the creation of corporations by special Act, and section thirty-three, ul
the same article, defines the term "coiporations " to include "all associa-
tions and joint stock companies having any of the powers or privileges
of corporations not possessed by individuals or j>artnersiiips."
This bill, in effect, creates a corporation in defiance of the constitu-
tional inhibition. It requires the grantees to file a certificate of incor-
poration and take the name of '• The UUiah and Cloverdale Koud Com-
pany," and invests them with all the corporate rights, and subjects them
to all liabilities provided by the general law, exce])t as varied by this
bill. If there is any force in language, this would seem to be a plain
violation of the sections referred to.
It is but just to the advocates of the bill to say, that when it was
introduced it was supposed to be in acconiance witli the wish of tin'
people of the count}', but the opposition since developed shows that im-
pression to be an error.
I respectfully submit to the consideration of your honorable body the
impolicy of this class of special legislation, and particularly of the bill
herewith returned.
H. H. HAIGIIT, Governor
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION
ON rURR WHARFAGR FOB
CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
U-. GELWICKS. STATK PRINTER
REPORT.
Mr. Speaker : On the twenty-fifth of January, the House adopted
the following resolution :
Resolved, That the Committee on Commerce and Navigation be and
they are hereby requested to inquire into the expediency of setting
aside a portion of the State's interest in the Harbor of San Francisco
for the purpose of erecting thereon a dock, basin and warehouse, where
wheat, wine, wool, and all other products of this State, not of a perish-
able nature, may be landed and stored for a certain length of time, free
of charge to the raiser or producer of said articles. Also, as to allow-
ing ships to load said grain and products at said wharf, free of charge
Said committee to report by bill or otherwise, as they may think for
the best interests of the State.
And on the seventeenth of February, it adopted the following addi-
tional resolution in relation to the same subject :
Resolved, That the Committee on Commerce and Navigation be
requested to report to this House, by Monday next, by bill or otherwise,
upon the resolution referred to said committee, in relation to setting
aside a portion of the State's interest in the water front of San Fran-
cisco, upon which to erect wharves and warehouses for the free landing
and storage of California products.
The importance of the measure suggested is such as to strike every
one who gives it a moment's notice. The wealth and prosperity of
an}' nation or State depend upon the productions of the soil, and if
legislation is conceived in wisdom, it will always be found encouraging
any and every measure calculated to develop the latent and dormant
resources of the country. The agriculture of California labors under
the great disadvantage that the great markets for our surplus wheat,
wine, wool, etc., lay far away, and hence the necessity, if we would
have a flourishing and prosperous people, for using every possible exer-
tion to make the road to these markets as cheap, and easy for travel and
transportation, as possible.
The object of the resolution is a laudible one, and this Legislature
should use every exertion to achieve it. There appears to be only two
plans by which the very desirable result souj^ht may be attaii)ed. One
is, for the State to build, at its own expense, sufficient wiiarves and ware-
houses, in tiie commercial emporium, to accommodate all the products of
the State which may seek a market, and so i^o into tlic warehousing
and storaijfc business on its own account, for the purpose of furnisliiiiir
free wharfage and dockage and storage for the benefit of agriculturists.
The other i.s, that the State grant a sufficient quantitj'of its surplus water
lot or tide land jiroperty in San Frantiisco, under proper restrictions, to a
corporation or individuals, upon the express condition that the grantees
should never alienate such land, but sliould supply the necessary wharves,
docks aad storehouses, and should forever afford free wharfage, dockage,
etc., for all agricultural productions of California, seeking a market.
The last named plan appears to bo the most feasible, as well as reason-
able. The State owns sufficient land in the Bay of San b^rancisco for
the purpose, and your committee does not believe that it can be used
more profitably or benefically to the State at large, than by assisting
and encouraging the agricultural enterprise of the State, in the manner
proposed, thus giving a healthy impetus to the manufactui-ing and com-
mercial interests of the Pacific coast. It is therefore recom : endeJ that
a liberal use of the lands referred to be made, in the manner herein
suggested, for the purpose of securing the results contemplated bj' the
resolution of the Assembly.
It is greatly to be regretted that a pressure of other business before
the committee, as well as the presence of discordant elements, of incorn-
prehensive character, have made it impossible for me to present with
this report a bill calculated to secure the objects of the resolutions, and
to cai'rj^ into effect the suggestions and recommendations herein made.
I confidently trust, however, to be able to make a report, in that manner,
within the next three or four days, and therefore ask the indulgence of
the House for that length of time, in order that a proper bill may be
carefully prepai*ed.
EOCKWELL,
Chairman of Committee on Commerce and Navigalioa.
MAJORITY AND MINORITY REPORTS
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION
UELATIVE TO
^ssem:bly bill >>ro. 68.
D. W. aELVVICKS STATK PRINTER. i
MAJORITY REPORT.
Mr. Speaker: In view of the extraordinary minority report of a
member of the Committee on Commerce and Navigation, upon Assembly
Kill No. 68, the majority of said committee have considered it proper
ihat they should give the reasons which actuated them in making their
report in favor of the passage of said bill.
It luis long been the polic}- of the United States, as well as of the in-
dividual States, to extend liberal aid to railroad enterprises in all parts
of the country. The wisdom of this policy has been made manifest in
the immense benefits and general increase in the value of property
which have resulted from the prosecution and completion of railroad
enterprises. It is not deemed either wise or economical for California
to ignore a policy which has proven so markedly beneficial elsewhere;
and in fact, this State has, by aid to various railroad companies, shown
its approval of the policy referred to.
Assembl}' Bill No. 68 proposes to grant certain aid to the North
Pacific Kuilroad Compan}', which proposes to connect San Francisco
with Humboldt Bay by railroad. The line of the proposed work
runs through a country rich in agricultural, timber and mineral re-
-xources, and the completion of ti>e road will result in almost incalculable
j)ublic benefits b_y developing the great resources of a vast region.
As y<-'ur committee are informed, the North Pacific Hailroad Company
has twenty miles of its road graded, and iron and ties purchased to lay
the track, thus giving evidence of its determination to push forward its
enterprise to a successful completion, if sufficient means can be pro-
cured. As everybody is aware, it has proven impossible to obtain from
private soui-ces alone the capital requisite to construct railroads through
.'sparsely settled and undeveloped regions — hence National, State and
municipal aid becomes necessary.
The aid proposed by Assemb}- Bill No. 68 is simply to grant certain
marsh and tide lands to the North Pacific Railroad (.Company. In their
present condition these lands are iilmost worthless, and yield no revenue
to the State or county. A certain portion of these lands in Marin
(V)unty now being comparatively valueless, is granted to the i-ailroad
(;^ompany on conditi(jn that it expends thereon, within a time specified,
the sum of fifty thousand dollars, in making improvements. That is,
the company is given lands which are now useless, on condition that it
makes them valuable and tax-paying. If the compan}'' fails to comply
wilh the condition imposed, it will get nothing. As to the one hundred
acres of lide lands in the City of San Francisco, they are situated in an
unsettled and almost inaccessible portion of the cit}', and possess at
present little or no intrinsic value. The State has heretofore granted
several hundreds of acres of these lands to individuals without any
consideration, and without intending to aid any public work. Bill No.
68 proposes to give one hundred acres of these lands — if so many are left
ungi-anted — to aid in the construction of a necessary and beneficial
work, on the condition that the companj' to whom the lands are granted
shall, within a specified time, expend fifty thousand dollars thereon, and
thus make them valuable. W the company fails to comply with the
conditions imposed, it will not get any lands.
By making the grants proposed, no individual or public interest will
be injured; on the contrary, your committee feels assured that the gen-
ei-al welfare of the public will be advanced by making the grants pro-
posed.
For the reasons above briefly set forth, the following, composing four-
fifths of the Committee on ('ommerce and Navigation, recommend the
passage of Assembly Bill No. 68.
ROCKWELL, Chairman,
For majority of Committee.
MINORITY REPORT.
Assembly Chamber, ")
February 4th, 1870. j
Mr. Speaker: The rainorit}- of your Committee on Commerce and
Navigation, to whom was rei'erred Assembly Bill No. 68, beg leave to
make the following report:
The bill, as it first appeared before your committee, contained manj-
objectionable provisions. It asked the State to donate to the San Fran-
cisco and North Pacific Eailroad Company two hundred acres of salt
marsh and tide lands belonging to the State, and lying on the north ot
San Francisco. These lands will, in a few years, be worth several mill-
ion of dollars, and will soon be needed for shipping purposes. It must
be remembered that the Bay of San Francisco is the harbor of the
Pucific Coast. The rapid development of San Francisco into a great
commercial city, second to but few on the continent, is known to you
all. During the past few years several miles of the water front have
been built up with wharves and docks in order to accommodate the com-
merce of tiie port. We have but to look to other great seaports to know
what the future of vSan Francisco is to be, and the vast amount of water
front that will be required for its commercial business. All of this land
which you are asked to donate to the San Francisco and North Pacific
Eailroad Company should be reserved for this reason, if for no other.
From the careful examination I have given this matter, I am convinced
that no good and sufficient reason can be given for disposing of the land
asked for — we are simply asked to enrich a few individuals with the peo-
ple's money without, in the slightest manner, getting value received.
Even the majority of the committee could not face the music on the two
hundred-acre portion of the question, and they, in their report, recom-
mend tiiat the two hundred be stricken out and one hundred be inserted
instead, li' the State had been asked to give the individuals composing
the i-ailroad company a few hundred thousand dollars each, the request
would have been modest compared with the one they have succeeded in
getting before us. They ask for several thousand acres of land in Rich-
ardson's Buy, in Marin County, opposite San Francisco; they want the
gift to extend from the point on the shore where the high tide reaches
6
out to twentj'-four feet depth of water at low tide; they want such
measurement as this all the way around the shore from Richardson's
Point to the Government Reservation ; and, last of all, they want every-
thing in sight. The franchise, if granted, will destroy the business
prospects of Old Saucelito by preventing vessels from landing; wharves,
docks and ship-yards will be cut off and rendered useless ; and people
who desire to engage in the shipping business will have to purchase out
to twenty-four feet depth of water at low tide from this company. The
franchise, if granted, will give the whole of the most valuable water
front in Marin County to a corporation. Owners of the property in the
vicinity of Saucelito have expressed their willingness to have this San
Francisco and North Pacific Railroad run on the shore where it would
not interfere with shipping, and to give the company the necessarj' land
for all necessary side tracks, switches, etc , but they vehemently protest
against the donation asked for.
Very respectfully submitted.
T. J. MOYNIHAN.
HESOLUTION
RELATIVE TO
INSTRUCTING THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
TO INQUIRE INTO THE CAUSE OP THE
DELAY IN THE REVISION OF THE LAWS.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
RESOLUTION^.
WiiKREAS, By an Act of the Legislature of this State, approved March
twerity-eiglith, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, entitled an Act to
provide for the revision and compilation of the laws of the State of
(California and the publication theieof, certain persons named in said Act
were constituted and appointed a Commission, whose duty it was to
revise and compile the laws of this State; and whereas, by the terras
of said Act such revisions and compilations should have been com-
pleted prior to the first day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine ;
therefore.
Resolved by the Assembly, That the Judiciary Committee be and they
are hereby instructed to make strict inquiry, and report to this House,
wh}' the terms of the said Act, approved March twenty-eighth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-eight, have not been complied with by the said Com-
missioners ; and also, to make 8uch other and further inquiry, and report,
as the said committee may deem right and proper in the premises.
REPORT
COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE
SENATE BILL NO. 280.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
K E P O R T
To the Senate and Assemhli/ of the State of California :
The undersigned, a Committee of Conference upon Senate Bill No.
280 — An Act amendatory and supplemental to an Act entitled an Act to
authorize the Judges of the Supreme Court to employ a Secretary,
approved April twenty-third, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight — make
the following report :
That they have met and consulted with Mr. Justice Sprague, the only
one of the Justices of the Supreme Court present at the Capitol, who
stated that their Secretary was, in consequence of his increased duties,
obliged to be occupied almost daily from early morning till late at night;
that the business of the Court having grown, the number of Justices
increased, the duties of the Secretary have been correspondingly aug-
mented. By an Act of the Legislature of eighteen hundred and sixty-
seven and eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, the duties of Librarian of
the Supreme Court were imposed upon the Secretary; and these duties,
which require great additional labor, have been added without an increase
of compensation ; that, in consequence of a late order of the Court
requiring the cop^'ing of all decisions made hy the Supreme Court, his
duties have also been increased. The Justices acknowledge that their
Secretary has always faithfully performed his duties to their entire sat-
isfaction ; that he enjoys their fullest confidence; that they cannot well
make a change in the office of Secretary, and that the present incum-
bent deserves and ought to have the sum of two hundred and fifty dol-
lars per month for his services
We therefore lespectfully recommend that the Assembly recede from
the amendment, and concur in the bill as passed by the Senate.
WM. WIRT PENDEGAST,
WM. M GWIN, Jr.,
C. A. TWEED,
Of Senate Committee.
A. E. ANDREWS.
W. S WILLIAMS,
Of Assembly Committee.
REPORT
OF THE COMMITTEE ON
PUBLIC ACCOUNTS AND EXPENDITURES
CERTAIN BILLS REFERRED TO THEM.
D W. QELWICKS. STATE PRINTER
R E F O K T .
Mr. Speaker : The Committee on Public Accounts and Expenditures
have examined and found correct the following bills, and would recom-
mend the adoption of the accompanying resolution :
To whom liue.
Amount.
Go Ide n City
Yolo Mail
Stars and Stripes
Workingmaii's Journal ,
Marin County Journal
Napa Reporter
Clear Lake Courier
Butfe Record
Solano Democrat.
Castroville Argus
Sacra m e n to Journal
A Ipine Chron icle
San Diego Union ,
Santa Cruz Sentinel
Trinity Journal
Mountain 3Iessenf/er
Oakland Transcript
The Guardian
Contra Costa Gazette
Calaveras Chronicle
Colusa Sun
Fisher, Bigler & Co
Tulare Times
Jas. Anthony & Co., Daily Union ,
Jas. Anthon}' & Co., Daily Union
Jas. Anthony & Co., Weekly Union
Jas. Anthony & Co., Daily Union
Union Democrat
Santa Clara Argus (W. A. January).
830 00
12 00
36 00
33 00
2 50
36 00
15 00
14 00
98 00
3 00
12 00
3 00
20 00
39 00
3 00
21 00
12 00
1 25
21 00
15 00
24 00
83 00
9 00
177 83
131 00
70 10
136 00
50 00
78 00
To whom due.
Amount.
Scientific Press (Dewey & Co.)..
Wm. M. Penry
Santa Clara Neics (J. Sullivan)
Eed Bluff Sentinel
Alameda Gazette
Calif orn ia Democrat
State Publishing Company
John H. Carmoney
California Christian Advocate
Spectator . .
Mon itor
New Age
Amador Ledger
Yreka Uyiion
Yolo Democrat
San Joaquin Argus
Sacramento Record
El Tiempo
A. S. Hopkins
Mariposa Gazette
Byrne & Mitchell
Petaluma Journal
F. B. Murdock
Los Angeles News Company
Sonoma Democrat
Humboldt Times ,
112
36
12
42
6
5
170
20
7
177
156
3
9
87
69
6
42
36
42
3
4
5
12
66
132
6
00
00
UO
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00 1
00
00 1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Resolved, That the Controller of State be and he is hereby authorized
and required to draw his warrant on the Contingent Fund of the Assem-
bly in favor of the above named persons, and for the amount set oppo-
site each name.
DAA'IEL INMAN, Chairman.
REPORT
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON PETITION
FOR ^\^OMA.]ST'S SUFFRAGE,
RECOMMENDING AK
AMENDMENT TO THE STATE CONSTITUTION.
D. \y. OELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
K E 1^ O R T .
•
Mr. Speaker: Your committee, appointed to take into consideration
the petition relative to the extension of the elective franchise to the
women of the Comraoowealth of California, respectfully report that
they had the same under consideration, and recommend that the prayer
of said petition be granted ; and for this object your committee here-
with report the following :
AMENDMENT TO THE CON'STITUTION.
The Legislature of the State of California, at its eighteenth session,
commencing on the sixth day of December, A. D. eighteen hundred and
sixt3'-nine, proposed the following amendment to section one of article
second of the Constitution :
ARTICLE II.
Section 1. Every white citizen of the United States, and every citi-
zen of Mexico who shall have elected to become a citizen of the United
States under the treaty of peace exchanged and ratified at Queretaro, on
the thirteenth da3^ of Kay, eighteen hundred and forty -eight, of the age
of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of the State six
months next preceding the election, and the county or district in which
he or she claims liis or her vote, thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at
all elections which are now or hereafter may be authorized by law; jjro-
vided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the
Legislature, by a two-thirds concurrent vote, from admitting to the
right of suffrage Indians, or the descendants of Lidians, in such special
cases as such proportion of the legislative boi^y may deem just and
proper.
FINNEY, for Committee.
REPORT OF THE TRANSACTIONS
Cjalifornia Jakr ^ ^mplngntrat €f tljange,
April 27th, 1868, to November 30tli, 1869.
D. W, GELWICKS STATE PRINTEK.
K E I> O R T
TEANSACTIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA LABOR AND EMPLOY-
MENT EXCHANGE, FROM THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY
OF APRIL, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHT, TO
THE THIRTIETH DAY OF NOVEMBER, EIGHTEEN HUN-
DRED AND SIXTY-NINE.
To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
The following report of the actual transactions of the California Labor
and Employment Exchange, since its organization, is respectfully sub-
mitted for your consideration :
The association went into operation on the twenty-seventh day of
April, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, under the auspices of the most
prominent capitalists, merchants, municipal officers and patrons of
public charities and other influential citizens of San Francisco, for the
purpose of supplying a convenient medium of communication between
laboring people and persons in need of labor, and to supply people,
including immigrants, with ready means of obtaining such information
and other assistance as might be useful to them, in their search for
emploj-ment.
The names of the President and Trustees under whose management
the institution has been hitherto conducted will be found in a petition
accompan^-ing this report. These officers have served without the
expectation of pecuniary reward, and now only petition the Legislature
that, as the great benefits derived are extended to the whole people of
the State, the small actual working expenses of the institution, such as
clerk hire, printing, stationery, rent, furniture, etc., may be borne by
the vState.
The rules and general principles established in the conduct of the
Exchange are very simple, and are the same as those observed by the
New York Labor Exchange, and are set down as follows :
4
pirs^t — Tho Labor Exchange is a free market for labor, open to
cmploNcrs from all parts of the United States. While procuring; prompt
and remutiorativc emploj-nient to working men. it offers to employers
superior opporlunitics to chof)se suitable emploN'^s out of the large and
varied 8Up])iy of a])plicants for work daily resorting to tliis oflice.
Second — This office charges no fees, commissions nor any other remu-
neration, from employer oremjiloye. It furnishes to employers not only
domestic help, agricultural or unskilled labor, but also all kinds of
skilled laborers, mechanics, artisans, etc.
Third — Land speculators are excluded from tho privileges of this
office, and all propositions contemplating the sale or leasing of land to
emigrants are rejected.
Fourth — Employers applying at this office must either be known to
tho officers or produce satisfactory references. Agents must be duly
authorized by their principals, and well recommended.
Fifth — This office does not make contracts for emigrants with the
employer; it does not fix the amount of wages nor the term of service,
nor prescribe any other condition to the contract. It leaves all these
matters to be settled bj' the voluntary agreement of the parties imme-
diately interested, and assists them onlj- by giving all needful informa-
tion and advice.
The salutary effect of the establishment of the California Labor
Exchange was immediately perceived. The excuses for pauperism
were diminished, people unwillingly idle were supplied with work, and
their labor utilized for the general benefit of the State; and up to the
present time newly-arrived supplies of labor have been continually, to a
very great extent, absorbed and made serviceable to the public.
On an average at least one thousand persons, men and women, have
applied at the Exchange every day, for work or information, and the
correspondence with employers in the interior has become extensive.
The Exchange keeps and preserves tables of all persons who obtain
employment, with the records of tho places of nativity and destination,
their ages, occupation, etc.; and, if necessary for yoifr further informa-
tion, these records can at once be placed at your service.
The following table, showing the total number of persons for whom
employment has been found, the occupations of such persons, the number
for whom orders have been received, and the rates of wages commanded
by each particular trade, business or calling, may prove sufficient to
show the extent and character of tho business transacted at tho Labor
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15
FEMALE DEPARTMENT.
From Juli/ 1th, 1868, to November 30/A, 1869.
AVERAGE RATE OF WAGES.
Occupations.
Wages oEFered
per month.
General housework
Laundresses
Nurses
Nurse ^irls ,
Seamsti'esses
Cooks (in private families)
Chambermaids
Governesses
Cooks (in hotels) ,
825 to $30
830 to 835
820 to 825
810 to 815
820 to 825
830
820 to 825
$25 to 830
840
Female servants employed 5,538.
CASH ACCOUNT
From Ajyril, 1868, to November, 1869.
The following statement will show the total expenses of the Exchange
since its organization. It should be observed that the accounts, with
every item of expense particularized therein, have been and are at all
times open for public examination :
Subscriptions and donations
Loan city bond, by A. Hayward
Rent
Clerk hire and commissions
Stationery and printing
Furniture and fixtures ,
Postage and miscellaneous ,
Balance in bank November 30th, 1869 ,
Balance cash on hand November 30th, 1869.
DR.
811,477 21
3,000 00
814,477 21
CR.
81,800 00
9,932 35
940 83
780 72
1,019 68
3 30
33
814,477 21
16
The Board of Trustees have issued a circular, in the English, French
and German languages, and have circulated about sixty tliousand copies
thereof in the Eastern States and Europe. For your information, a copy
of the circular is appended to this report
Finally, the Trustees desire to be enabled to extend the usefulness of
the Exchange to every desirable and legitimate extent, by the continual
publication and circulation of facts for the information of the working
classes and employers, and the establishment of agencies throughout the
State. The principal ncvpspapers of California are kept constantly on
file, for the information of applicants at the Exchange.
AH of which is respectfully submitted.
S. F. BTTTTERWORTH,
C. V. GILLESPIh],
JAMES DE FEEMERY,
P. H. CANAVAN,
Leofislative Committeo.
MEMORIAL OF JOS. NEUMANN,
RELATIVE TO THE
PRESENTED TO THE STATE.
INTRODUCED BY MR. MAOLAY.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
To the Uonoruhhi the Lerjislatare of the State of California :
Gentlemen : I buve the honor to present to you the history of
THE SILKEN FLAG.
Its histor}-;
How it originated ;
The principal parties who assisted in carrying out the work ;
The obstacles that beset the enterprise ;
The sufferings experienced by the manufacturer;
His final triumph over all difficulties]
The making of the flag ; and
Its delivery; by
JOS. NEUMANN.
]SI E :M O R I A. L .
To the Honornhl'^ the Lefjislntnre of the State of California :
Gentlemen : I have the honor of addressing you, in presenting the
silken flag of ni}- manufacture, and will take the libert,y, with your kind
permission, to relate something of the history of silk manufacture in
this State, and of the production of the flag.
Having ascertained by experimental trials made by Mr. Louis Prevost,
b}- myself, and b}' others, of the adaptabilit}' of the soil and climate of
this coast for the production, in great perfection, of the difl^erent varie-
ties of the mulberry tree, and also of the silkworm, which feeds upon its
leaves, I conceived the project of establishing a manufactory of silken
fabrics The project was regarded as bold and the enterprise hazardous,
but the brightness of the future, to both the State and myself, in case
of success, encouraged me to make the attempt.
In April, eighteen hundred and sixtj'-six, I made a visit to the Atlantic
coast, for the purpose of procuring the machinery requisite for the estab-
lishment of a manufactory, in which I succeeded, and returned in the
following August. As soon as the machinery could be set in operation,
a small quaniit}' of dress goods Avas woven, from foreign silk, and
exhibited at the State Agricultural Fair of that year. The bright
prospects of such an enterprise was a luring bait for sharks to gather
in, and, by false promises and allurements, attempt to appropriate what-
ever there might be of success, honor or profit Then I made the
acquaintance of General Henry M. Is'aglee, who induced me to go to
San Jose, with my machinery, offering me land on what appeared most
advantageous terms, but which, under his peculiar and skilful manage-
ment, for selfi.'?h ends, brought on embarrassments and suffering of the
most extreme severity. My propert}' becoming incumbered in the
outset of what I conceived to be the noblest enterprise of the day, I
became the prey to false friends, and through the treachery of some and
the vacillation <>f others, suits were commenced against me, and all I
possessed was often in the hands of the Sheriff. The struggles to over-
come that beset the great work cannot all be enumerated, but were of
the most aggravated characer, and starvation often threatened my
famil}'. But, with the glorious motto of invincible labor, " Perseverencia
vincitomni'i."! determined to conquer, all obstacles, and over those of
that day, as well as over those which have been placed in my wa\' sub-
sequenth', I have triumphed.
6
In June, eiglitecn hundred and sixtj'-scven, a company was formed
for the purpose of establishing a silk manufactory at 8aii Jose, and
incorporated according to the laws of the State, having a stated capital
of two hundred and tifty thousand dollars, and the prospects seemed
bright, but this was onl}- fo.- a short period, as no money was advanced,
and the project fell to nought. The reasons why such should have been
the result, also the names of the Trustees, I withhold for the present.
In January', following, another company was organized at the same
place and incoi-porated, with a named capital of one hundred thousand
dollars. Great interest in the enterprise seemed to be felt, and the
means for establishing it on a firm basis gave promise of being forth-
coming. Several thousand dollars were subscribed, mostl}- by men of
limited means, and about four thousand dollars were paid in Again
the prospects brightened, but to be soon dispelled. A singular fatality
seemed to attend this, as many another great enterprise j)roniising so
good to the State, that men would connect themselves with it only for
the most selfish and speculative purposes, thus prostituting the noblest
of objects to the basest of uses. Such, at that time, was the fate of the
silk manufacturing interest. Certain parties of the City of San Jose
became the Trustees, and through their selfish and exacting manage-
ment, the noble project was again defeated.
I now come down to the period of the meeting of the Legislature in
December, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, when an attempt was
made to render aid by the State, which individuals were loth to grant.
A bill was introduced by Honorable John H. Moore, of Santa Clara,
which was to appropriate twenty-five thousand dollars for the encour-
agement of silk manufacture. The desig-n and orio-inal features of the
bill were of the noblest character ; but again the same ])arties of San
Jose so manipulated the matter that the money was to go, in great part,
to satisfy the rapacity of these individuals, without any assurance of
benefiting the thing proposed. Under these circumstances, the Gfov-
ernor very properly declined to approve of it. Had tlie bill become a
law, it is probable that I should have received temporary relief, but it
would have been of no lasting benefit; and, although great distress,
attended me in consequence of its failure to become a law, I now feel
veiy thankful to our noble and far-seeing Governor that he did not
sign it. At its defeat, suits innumerable were commenced against me,
and I lost my home, my machinery, ;ind all I possessed in the world,
and my toiling family was brought to the verge of starvation. Not-
withstanding these losses and hardships, I again repeat that I am thank-
ful to his Excellency Governor Haight that he did not sign the bill, as,
in the manner in which it stood, I would have been in the hands of
those merciless speculators, and would have been ruined, the silk busi-
ness disgraced, and its successful establishment postponed for many
years.
With all the difficulties I have encountered, and losses by the treachery
and selfishness f)f others, true friends have never entirely desei'ted me,
but have always aided me in the noble work they saw I was determined
to accomplish. By the help of such friends 1 was enabled to set up a
loom, and also a silk reeling machine invented by myself, at the Mechan-
ics' Institute Fair, held at San Francisco in September, eighteen iiundred
and sixty-eight, and, through efforts then inaugurated, have succeeded
in bringing the silk manufacturing interest to life agaiti. His Excel-
lency Governor Haight often visited the fair, and examined minutely the
opei'ations, taking gi-eat interest in the work his foresight knew was
fraught Avith such importance to the State. From the moment his
encouragement was given, an advancement was made which assured the
future success.
Visiting the State Fair at Sacramento, tlie same year, 1 hecame con-
vinced that cocoons were grown in the country in sufficient quantities
to sustain a factory, and I therefore determined to see Governor llaight
and express to him ni}' intention of manufacturing two grand flags of
California silk — one for the State and the other for the Nation.
This idea was favorably received by him, and the project w;is decided
upon. I made a careful estimate of the cost for the two, and this being
made under the. supposition of the most favorable conditions, I stated
it at six thousand dollars. Could the disadvantages under which I was
to labor have been foretold, the estimate would have been much greater.
But it was decided to advance the enterprise :ind prove conclusively
what could be done For this purpose a collection was to be made from
those who desired to aid so great an enterprise. The mone}^ collected
Avas to be deposited in a bank at San Jose, for me to draw upon as was
necessary- to pa}- the persons employed on the work. Tiiis deposit was
to remain as a debt against me, to remain two years without interest.
Before the deposit was made, the Governor took the precaution to write
to parties at San Jose in inquiry as to my character and capacity, and by
chance addressed his inquiries to the same speculators who bad pre-
viously attempted to injure me and the silk interest, in order to gain
something for themselves. These answered, disparaging and slandering
me, but happily I could explain all to the Governor, and in the most sat-
isfactory manner.
From this circumstance of continued attack, it was decided to remove
the machineiy from San Jose to San Francisco, and give tiiat noble city
the honor of producing the first and grandest flags ever made on the
continent.
In that city the Governor made collections for the])urpose. The Bank
of California subscribed one thousand dollars; Captain Oliver Eldridge,
for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, subscribed another thousand
dollars, and Seligman & Co., bankers, subscribed two hundred and fifty
dollars.
1 regret to say that when Isaac Friedlander, the great grain dealer,
was called upon, he replied: "I don't care a damn for thoflag;" so no
help was obtained there.
Subsequently, through the exertions of Mr. H. K. W. Clark, a noble
gentleman of San Francisco, Mr. Norriss, of the North Pacific Trans-
portation Company, was induced to subscribe five hundred dollars, and
the San Francisco Gas Compan}- also five hundred dollars, and Mr. Clai-k
himself, whose heart beats most truly for California's best interest, loaned
me tliree hundred dollars. But for the most I am indebted to the most
generous and best of California's Govei'nors, Henry JL llaight, for the
chief assistance in carrying on the manufacture of tlie flags, he havin<>-
supplied some six thousand five hundred dollars — four thousand two huii-
dred and fifty dollars being out of his own purse. I have not words to
acknowledge this noble generosit}^. It was a work in him of patriotic pride
to advance a great interest, which at some future day would add to the
glory and wealth of the State of which he was the honored Governor.
For this he has expended what to ordinary men would be considered a
fair fortune, but to him with no other object than a patriotic duty. No
enemies of mine could turn him from me, but once engaged, it presaged
success. I wish I had a thousand tongues to speak his praise and the
thanks I feel. To him is due the great honor of making the manufac-
tory a triumph, I claiming only the merit of perwevering lahor and
determination. By tiie Governor'.s care and foresight, fi'om one hundred
and titty to two hundred thousand dollars have been saved the State,
which otherwise would have been expended in undeserved premiums,
for which no benefit would have been returned. I am glad to give
honor where honor is due. and hope the people of Califoriiia will appre-
ciate the noble, patriotic and unselfish Chief Magistrate they have
chosen.
Unfortunalclj^, when a clear field seemed in prospect, another obstacle
intervened. An unjust suit was instituted against me in the Twelfth
Distiict Court, and a judgment obtained by fraud, with costs and all
amounting to near the sum of thirteen hundi-ed dollars. An attachment
was again put on my machinery at San Jose. Again some noble gentle-
men and true friends came to my relief. These were John II. Adams,
Sheriff, and Oliver Cuttle, Supervisor, of Santa Clara County, who set-
tled the judgment for me, and allowed me the opportunity to make the
attempt for success.
With these aids I proceeded to make arrangements for the manufac-
ture of thefiags. Having jMit iijj the machinery at number four hundred
and twent3'-two, Commercial street, San Francisco, it was next necessary'
to procure cocoons of native growth. For this purpose I visited the
southern ])art of the State, and of two silk culturisls in Santa Barbara —
Mr. A. Packard and Mr G. A. Goux — ])rocured the principal portion of
the silk of wiiich the flag is made. Small quantities of cocoons were
also obtained from Mr. I. N. Hoag, of Yolo, and of other parties through-
out the State; so all sections of California are represented in the flag
which is to wave in triumph over its Capitol, or represent us at Wash-
ington.
These cocoons were to be unwound and reeled, an undertaking which
required experience and skill to accomplish. Being so desirous of making
a perfect woi'k, and thinking this an opportunity' to introduce skilled
labor, I thought best to send to the chief silk growinj' districts of Ital}'
for help, and also for the most a])pi'oved machinery fivr reeling ])urposes
then in use. For this Governor Ilaight again came forward, sending a
letter of credit to Honorable (Jeorge P. Marsh, United States Minister
to Ital}', for the purpose of aiding the persons to come, and for purchas-
ing the machinery. Through his recommendation, and at m}- solicita-
tion, tickets were procured from the Pacific Mail Steamship Company
for the passage of Mr Josejih Norton — an Italian b}' birth, and editor of
the Voce del Fopoli — to Havre, France, and return, and also two tickets
for the passage of two women from Havre to San Francisco. 1 also
wrote the following letter to Mr. Marsh, in explanation of tiie matter :
San Francisco, March 19, 18G9.
Hon. GKOR(iE P. Maksii,-
U. S. Ministei", Florence, Italy:
Pefcrring to his Excellency Governor Henry H. Ilaight's letter, who
sent you three iiundred dollars and two second cabin tickets, passage
from Havre, I take the liberty to intioduce myself to you and ask your
assistance for the Califoi-nia silk culture and manufacture.
My business is conductefJ undei- m}' own name, Joseph Neumann,
Pioneei' Silk Manufacturer, San Francisco, California. I have struggled
for these last four ycai-s to establish a silk factory in California. During
9
this time, silk culture in California has advanced in an astonishing
degree, and I have at last succeeded, througli the help of our most
\vorthj' Governor. I have to make a promising start, so that I hope
that my efforts will soon be crowned with permanent success.
For the .^ame purpose, I take the liberty to call also on you for assist-
ance in the premises. I am in need of two or more women, capable
to unwind tiie cocoons into raw silk. I have sent out a gentleman — an
Italian by birth, Mr. Joseph Norton — to help you in making such an
engagement, and accompany the parties out to San Francisco. He is
in possession of a return ticket for himself Mr. Norton is a young
gentleman of culture, who started here about a yeav ago, an Italian
paper, Vure del Fopofi. Ho is Secretary of the Italian Mutual and Benev-
olent Society, and speaks English well. I believe that the best place to
obtain those hands will either be Parma or Milan.
At the same time, 1 have instructed Mr. Norton to buy for me several
articles, which shall be paid out of the three hundred dollars in your
hands; also, the travelling expenses for him and parties, some money
for pocket money on the way back, to defray extraoi'dinary expenses ;
and also, in case it should be needed, to advance those women five or six
dollars. Should the money in your hands not be sufficient for the above
and other costs, I request you to advance the balance, and expect prompt
remittance, with interest, from here.
The main reason I want those hands as quick as possible is, the
inauguration of our new Capitol, at the City of Sacramento, in the
month of December, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, for which occasion
I intend to manufacture a large American flag out of California raised
silk, and another one for the National Government, at Washington. To
do this, I must have those two girls; and more, as quick as possible. I
think I could employ, for the first year, at least twenty-five girls or
women ; therefore, if you could induce some who understand the busi-
ness of unwinding the cocoons into raw silk, to come to California, 3'ou
would benefit this great branch of California culture and manufacture
materially.
By all means send me two girls or women. The wages for them
would be, twenty dollars in gold coin and board, per month.
Mr. Norton will hand you the business transactions of our State Agri-
cultural Society and a memorial of mine, which I had the honor to lay
before our last Legislature, and a sample of black silk cloth, the first ever
made in California, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-six, accom-
panied by a skein of raw silk, the first product of this State, which will
show what California is already capable of producing.
By fulfilling my requests you will benefit this whole State and merit
the thanks of the people of California; for the successful culture and
manufacture of silk w\\\ be a great source of wealth and prosperity to
the whole United States.
The wonderful resources, the excellent and salubrious climate of this
State, you certainly are aware of But no doubt there are millions of
people in Europe, and even in Italy, who hardl}'' know this State by
name. Mulberry tree shootings of one 3'ear are as high as fourteen
feet four inches, in the Count}' of Los Angeles. The products of this
State are in all respects marvellous.
If you would undertake to publish something in relation to the
prospects of the silk culture in this State, you would not say too much
10
that the -whole population of Italy could find, in course of time, employ-
ment in California in this branch of business alone.
LIST OF ARTICLES TO BE BOUGHT BY MR NORTON OR YOURSELF.
A machine to unwind cocoons, although the machine invented by my-
self for the purpose of unwinding the cocoons has been acknowledged
by all the Italian and practical men, as good; still, it may be, that
something better of new invention for this purpose is found, as I have
seen froin the report of Mr. Elliot C. Cowdin, United States Commis-
sioner to the Paris Exposition, which you will find mentioned in the
Agricultural Societj^'s book, which I have sent you by Mr. Norton.
You will please send me one of those machines for two or more hands
to work ; a silk gauge; a measurement which establishes the deneros ;
some glass, or other eyes, where the sWkjihre passes through.
This commission was badly managed, causing me a loss of about one
thousand dollars. One woman, skilled in the art, was induced to come,
but so long had they delayed the passage, that necessity had compelled
me to make other arrangements for preparing the silk. Fortunately my
son, Master Gustav Neumann, aged seventeen, had had some experience
in reeling silk, and he giving instructions to Miss Emilie Thomas, of the
same age, a native of .San Francisco, the two succeeded admirably, and
by the time of the arrival of the help from Italy the whole reeling was
nearly accomplished. Although the Italian expedition was unfortunate
for me, its results have not been without benefit to the State. A skilled
artisan was obtained, capable of giving instruction to others, and who
has enabled the Davisville Silk Culturist Association to reel raw silk, a
few skeins of which are to be seen at the Governor's office. Besides this,
some valuable machinery was introduced, which, although paid for with
money furnished by Governor Haight and intended for myself, came
consigned to Mr. Norton, and I believe was made use of b3' other par-
ties; at least I have not been able to see it j'et. Th» disappointments,
however, were overcome by having the two young people to do the reel-
ing and my own machine to assist them. These became quite skilful in
the various branches of the art, as reeling, hard and soft silk winding,
doubling and throwing; and Master Neumann has also learned the art of
coloring and of weaving, having woven some thirty j'ards of the silk
ribbon used in binding the flag. The woi'k was commenced in May,
eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, and the first flag was completed on the
twenty-seventh of Januar}^ eighteen hundred and sevont}'.
In justice to others and in the gratification of a laudable pride, I will
mention the names of those who have taken prominent parts in the
manufacture of these beautiful flags. The d_yeing was priiieipall}' done
by Mr. Wilhclm Meyers, a native of Switzerland; the weaving was by
myself, by my brother Isidor Neumann and by Mrs. Mary Tarnock, a
native of England and skilled in the art; the stars were embroidered
bj' Mrs. Schreiber, of Alameda, aided by her two sisters, and the flags
sewed together by Mrs. Cady and Mrs. Brady at the factory, and all has
been done by careful hand work. Several others have been engaged at
various times.
Thus I have briefly given an account of the man}' difficulties I have
encountered in getting to so advanced a state this noble enterprise, and
the production of the flags which have been, placed before you answer
how Avcll I have succeeded. These are examples of what can be done in
11
tliis State. Xo more perfect fabrics were ever woven or more brilliant
coloring given. We show that we can create at our own homes, silken
works of every description, equal in character and texture to those of
an}- other land. Having a prolific soil, a genial climate and an intelli-
gent population, we should not lack that enterprise or sagacity' wlii(;h
would put these to the best use and produce for ourselves that for which
we now send abroad millions of dollars annuall}-. Like all great enter-
prises, in their incipiency it needs the fostering care of the Government.
Once successfull}- established, it will continue to grow, supporting itself,
making the fortunes of those interested in it, and adding vast wealth to
the State. It is a business that cannot well be overdone, as in other
countries those engaged in it are numbered by millions. Every State of
Europe classes it among its most important industries, and everj^ Gov-
ernment has granted large subsidies and generous privileges in estab-
lishing it. Kings and emperors have given it their s))ccial attention
and patronage, and thus have built up large communities and added
wealth to their countries That was patriotism and good government,
and the results have proven the wisdom of the rulers. In our own glo-
rious State, the business of silk culture and silk manufacture can succeed
far better than in any other land. How the business has succeeded in
other countries I can but relate an instance in illustration. In the City
of Brandenburg, Prussia, where I learned the art of weaving, is a silk
factory belonging to the firm of Jacob & Abraham Meyer. This was
commenced in the year eighteen hundred and twenty-six, with a capital
at most, of six thousand thalcrs. I left the factor}' in eighteen hundred
and fift3^-four. and then it employed more than one thousand hands in
weaving, winding soft silk and making spools for filling. It produced
monthly from four to five hundred pieces of dress goods of all kinds,
each piece of from eighty to ninety j-ards. Their principal place of
business is now at Berlin, where two thousand hands more are employed.
This great silk factor}', when closed in eighteen hundred and sixty-eight
by the heirs of the founder, their wraith being satisfactory to them, had
, made for them a fortune of forty million thalers ; certainly a handsome
increase on the small capital of six thousand thalers in eighteen hundred
and twenty-six.
The silk business in Prussia OAves its inauguration and successful
establishment to the exertions of Frederick the Great, who ordered the
planting of mulberry trees as early as seventeen hundred and sixty-
three. This wise monarch, if for no other reason than the steps he then
took, was deserving the title of " Great."
I have hopes thai this honorable Legislature, in your wisdom, will see
fit to follow the illustrious example set by other Governments, when
the results have proven so grand.
In conclusion, I will refer again to my own factory in San Francisco.
I have related in part the many trials and hardships I have been sub-
jected to, but the suffering and discouragements cannot be expressed. I
have striiggled to establish that which will be one of the grandest ben-
efits to the'lState ever conceived, and that I am able to accomplish much,
is proven by the articles shown. But it will be difficult to go further, at
present, without aid. I am burdened with debt and danger threatens.
I trust your honorable body will give the matter that careful consi<lera-
tion its great importance deserves, and record yourselves, for future ref-
erence, as being the promoters of one of California's greatest interests.
EespectfuUy submitted, JOS. NEUMANN.
NOTICES BY THE PRESS.
"THE BANNER STATE."
[From the State Capital Reporter, February 15, 1870.]
The manufacture of the two magnificent flags of native silk, now on
exhibition at the Capitol, has earned for us the soubriquet of "The
Banner State." which we observe is given by the Eastern press. We
do not feel like giving up our favorite title of '• Golden State." but these
splendid productions, and the knowledge that our soil and climate is so
favorable for the culture, indicates that the glittering gold may find a
rival in the glistening silk. Xo more honoi-able rivair}- could exist, and
if the kingly metal builds its monuments, the princely fabric will hau-j
its banners over them Thej- are typical of the three great sources of
wealth — mining, agi-iculture and manufacture. We will accept, as a
high compliment, the new title of '' The Banner State," and at the same
time retain our old one.
We have said the flags are on exhibition at the Capitol. The State
flag is spread to view in the Senate Chamber, and the one destined for
Washington will be placed in the Assembly Chamber. The flagstaff" of
the Capitol being insufficient in height and strength to fly it, this
method is taken to give the people the opportunity to inspect the fine
work and judge the capacit}- of our soil, and the skill of California arti-
zans. The two flags are duplicates of each other, and as we have stated
in former articles, are the largest of the kind ever made, and are in
every part the growth and manufacture of California. They are tangi-
ble proofs that we can produce at home that for which we now send
abroad millions of our golden dollai-s. They speak to legislators here,
and will speak to those of greater power at Washington, for aid in
advancing an industry fraught with such great interest to our State arid
nation. Observe the millions that are sent abroad for silken fabrics, and
the millions that have been expended by foi-eign Governments in nursing
this industry to a fair existence, and then consider how small a compar-
ative sum will place the interest on a firm basis at home.
These flags were made at the '• Pioneer Silk Factory," at San Francisco,
under the superintendenc}' of Mr. Joseph Neumann, and are the handi-
woi-k of his famil}' — wife, children and brother. One has already been
presented to the State, and the other is designed as a present to Con-
gress, to grace the Capitol at Washington. These are princelj' gifts
which few private citizens are able to make. It would be a j>roper gift,
and a most noble and graceful one, for our State to make to the nation.
Then we would well earn the title of "The Banner State." We woidd
suggest to the Legislature to purchase the flag, and send it, a silken
VMlenline, to Congress.
13
OUR NATIONAL FLAG.
[From the California Farmer, Febmary 10, 1S70.]
Oar Stars and Stripes, long may they wave
•• O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave."'
Tbe two splendid banners made bv the pioneer silk manufacturer.
Neumann, are completed — the one for our Slate Capitol, the other for
our National Capitol.
Thus California furnishes the tirst two magnificent American flags
ever made in America, of American silk, reeled from cocoons raised,
and the silk spun, and flags completed by the g*^niu3 and skill of Cali-
fornians.
The beautiful flags of California product are believed to be the largest
and most beautiful ever made. They will do honor to our State and our
Nation, as emblems of our capacity, both in products, in manufacture
and in taste.
These flags arc also a great credit and honor to the Neumann Brothers,
who have persevered against many difliculties, until now they have
accomplished a most honorable testimony of their ability and skill.
The flags are both thirty-six feet long by twenty feet wide, with their
sev^n crimson and xix white stripes, representing the thirteen original
States, and the glorious blue head-piece, with the thir(j/-eiijh( golden stars,
representing the present galaxy of States.
These flags contain each eighty yards of the richest and heaviest silk.
One hundred feet of heavy silk cord are for the halyards. The silk for
embroidering the stars required two and one-half pounds each. These
entire flags, every portion of them, even to the coloring, was performed
in the manufactory of Neumann cSc Brother, commencing with the cocoon
as it came from the silkworm.
The value, intrinsically, of these two flags, manufactured thus with
extra care, as emblems of our own State and for our National Capitol, is
five thousand dollars [each]; and we. as a citizen of California, feel
proud, with thousands of others, that California will thus have floating
over the dome of our National Congress such a proud emblem of Cali-
fornia.
FLAG FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITOL.
[From the Bee, February 15, 1S70.]
It was mentioned in this paper some time since that J. Neumann, the
gentleman who made ai\d presented to this Stale a beautiful silk flag,
was eniraired in manufacturing another, which he designed presenting
to Prestdent Grant for the National Capitol. The flag was brought to
this city yesterday afternoon by Mr. Neumann, who will proceed over-
land with it in a few days. It is, like the one presented to Governor
Haight, of California silk and manufacture, and is twenty by thirty-six
feetin size. It will be a source of not a little pride to Californians
visiting the National Capital henceforth, to see floating in the breezes
which "sweep up from the old Potomac, the most elegant specimen of the
14
national emblem in the land, and to know that California, one of the
youngest States of the Union, had raised the silk from which one of her
most enterprising citizens had manufactured it.
THE NATIONAL FLAG.
[From the Daily Record, February 15, 1870.]
About ten o'clock yesterday morning, the splendid silk flag intended
for the Federal Capitol, was, in accordance with a resolution of the
Assembly, stretched across the spacious Assembly Ciiamber. As it was
raised midway between the gorgeous panelled ceiling and the floor, and
stretched from gallery to gallery on opposite sides, cheers were given by
the assistants in honor to the flag of the State in which the materials
which compose it and the workmanship upon it are of California growth
and ingenuity. Mr. Neumann may proudly rejoice on this production
of his skill and indefatigable industry, in even Avorking against their
will oft times to convince the people of this State of the prosperous
future that the pursuit of this profitable industry will inaugurate.
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS
RELATIVE TO
ASSEMBLY BILL NO. 89.
D. W. GKLWICKS 8'i'ATK PRINTER.
REPORT
Mr. Speaker : Your committee, to whom was referred Assembly Bill
No. 8i', beg leave to submit the following additional report, to wit :
That we have had said bill under consideration, and in order to ascer-
tain the histor}', facts and merits of the same, summoned before us the
State Surveyor-General and the United States Surveyor-General of Cali-
fornia, both of whom made the following averments :
First — That by the provisions of section fifteen of an Act for the sale
and management of lands belonging to the State of California, approved
March twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, it was made the
duty of the State Surveyor-General, together with the United States
Surveyor-General, as provided for by an Act of Congress, to quiet land
titles in the State of California, approved July twent3'-third, eighteen
hundred and sixty-six, to hear and take testimony in all cases of conflict
of title between the State of California and the United States, previous
to the twenty-third day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, for
lands sold as swamp lands, which the United States had surveyed as firm
and dry lands. In all these cases of conflict, the State of California
was the complainant, and the onus pr oh audi to show the character of the
land to be swamp devolved upon the State of California.
Second — That by the statement in wn-iting of the United States Sur-
veyor-General, this conflict of titles extended to a body of land amount-
ing to over two hundred thousand acres, located in diff'erent portions of
the State, which the State of California had sold to her citizens, but to
which she could not perfect titles until the question of the character of
the land, at the date of the swamp land grant, could be ascertained, by
testimony taken as provided for by the laws of California and of Con-
gress, as herein referred to.
Third — That these investigations, on trial, have extended through the
greater portion of the past two years, and held at diff'erent points in the
State.
Fourth — That the duty of taking down and reporting testimon}^, and
preparing the cases and putting the lists of land so in shape that the
General Government could act upon it, and thus convey title to the State
of California, was long, tedious and laborious, and of such a character
as involved the special services of one person as a reporter or clerk.
Fifth — That the two vSurve^'or-Generals appointed John Mullen to this
position, with the understanding that he should look to the Legislature
of California to compensate him for the services thus rendered.
Sixth — That he accepted the position on these conditions and has
faithfully performed the services to the satisfaction of all parties.
Seventh — That he defrayed his own travelling and hotel expenses while
engaged on said services.
Eighth — That the two Surveyor-Generals regard the sum of two thou-
sand dollars as a moderate compensation for the said services and
expenses, and that they regard said claim as a just and legitimate one
against the State of California, and to be paid by her alone.
Wherefore your committee, in view of the facts herein referred to,
have inserted the sum of two thousand dollars in the space left blank in
the original bill, regarding this amount a moderate and just compensa-
tion, and respectfully report the same back and recommend that the bill
pass as thus amended.
M. S. HO RAN,
Chairman Committee on Claims.
LETTER FROM L. UPSON.
Sacramento, January 2l8t, 1870.
Hon. M. S. Horan, Chairman Committee on Claims :
Dear Sir : At the request of Captain Mullen, and, as I understand, in
compliance with the expressed wish of your committee, I respectfully
submit the following statement as to the services rendered the State by
Captain John Mullen during my term as United States Survej'^or-General
for California Under the Act of eighteen hundred and sixty-six, to
settle land titles in California, it became the duty of the United States
Surveyor-General to hear testimony in all cases in which the State had
sold land as swamp and overflowed, which the United States Deputy
Surve3^or had returned as firm land. The quantity in dispute amounted
to over two hundred thousand acres, which the State had been laboring
for years to obtain a title for, from the General Land Office, without suc-
cess. The Act of eighteen hundred and sixty-six was the first step
made by the State towards obtaining title to tens of thousands of acres
of land which she had sold to her citizens. The Act provided that, in
all cases where the State had sold land in (/ooJ faith as swamp and over-
flowed, the same should be confirmed to her where no conflict existed.
It further provided, that in all cases where the State claimed land as
swamp and overflowed which the United States Deputy Survej-or
had returned as firm land, the question of the character of the
land in September, eighteen hundred and fifty, should be examined
before the United States Surveyor-General, who was to hear the testi-
mony and report his conclusion upon it to the Commissioner of the
General Land Office. In examining the cases presented, I found it ab-
solutely necessary to have a reporter present to take down the testi-
mony and to assist me in analyzing it and making up the report for the
Commissioner. As no provision was made in the law for defraying the
expense of holding such examinations, I employed Captain Mullen, after
advising him that he would have to look to the State for his compensa-
tion. He accepted the position upon the terms suggested, and performed
the, service to my entire satisfaction, and, in my judgment, greatly to
the interest of the State. The committee will perceive, from the fore-
going statement, that the State (or rather those who hold her title) was
the only party interested. The United States, through its Deputy Sur-
veyor, had the land claimed by the State returned to the Surveyor-
General's office as firm land, and would hold it as such unless the State
could prove, before the United States Surveyor-General, that it was
swamp and overflowed land in September, eighteen hundred and fiftj'.
The State, therefore, was the party alone interested in the investigation
of the character of the land in question. Hence, as the State had sold
portions of the land as swamp and overflowed, which the United States
Deputy had returned as upland, it was in every sense right and just for
her to pay the expenses necessarily incurred in establishing hei" title to
land which she had sold to her citizens as swamp and overflowed.
The services rendered by Captain Mullen began shortly after the Act
of eighteen hundred and sixty-six was passed, and have continued, at
intervals, up to near the present time. While 1 was in office, I thinl< the
time he expended in taking down testimony and making up reports, at
two hundred and fifty dollars per month (a very moderate charge for
that class of work), would amount to nearly the sum of two thousand
dollars — the figures suggested by the State Surveyor-General. The
trials were held at different points in the State, for the convenience of
parties interested, and to save them expense, and in attending those
trials Captain Mullen was compelled to pay liis fare for travelling and
hotel bills, which, when added to a fair compensation for his services,
would, in my judgment, render the sum suggested by the State Sur-
veyor-General a reasonable compensation for his services and expenses.
Very respectfully your obedient servant,
L. UPSON.
Late United StatoH Survcj'or-Gcneral for Culiforjiia.
LETTER FROM J. W. BOST.
State of California,
Office of the Surveyor-General,
Sacramento, January 21st, 1870.
Hon. M. S. Ho ran :
Dear Sir : In regard to the work done for the State by Captain John
Mullen, I would state that I am not so well posted as General Upson or
General Day. I know that a ver}^ large amount of work was done, and
from all that I can learn, I should think that two thousand dollars
would not be out of the way. The work performed was very laborious
and required from fifteen to eighteen months to do it.
Yours very truly,
JOHN W. BOST,
Surveyor-General.
p. s. — I would further state that it is a claim that should bo paid by
the State; the United States had nothing whatever to do with it.
Yours, etc.,
JOHN W. BOST, Surveyor-General.
<»
RESOLUTIOlSrS
PASSED BY THE
HOUSE CARPENTERS' EIGHT- HOUR LEAGUE,
REQUESTING THE PASSAGE OF A BILL TO
PROVIDE FOR THE ERECTION OF A CITY HALL
IN SAN FHANGISCO.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
RHISOLTJTIONS.
San Francisco, March 29th, 1870.
To Ceo. II. Rogers.^ Speaker of the Assembly :
Dear Sir: The following preamble and resolutions were unanimously
adopted by this association at its regular meeting held last evening, and
a copy thereof ordered sent to the Ijieutenant-Governor and Speaker of
the Assembly, signed by the President and Secretary:
Whereas, We are informed that there has been a bill introduced in the
[louse of Assembly, tiow in session, authorizing the Board of Super-
visors of this city and county to appropriate money for the purpose
of building a City Hall upon Yerba Buena Park; and whereas, at this
time there being so many laborers and mechanics of all classes out of
('mplo3-ment, whose families are actually in need of the wages their
futliors. sons and brothers would receive if such Act were passed and
said hall built; therefore,
Keaolved, That we do earnestly request the members of both houses to
vote for, and use all their eifbrts to procure the passage of a bill such as
will provide for the building of a City Hall as aforesaid, believing it to
be a much needed improvement, and likewise an act of great benevo
lence to the laboring classes, as well as an act of justice to all.
J. B. CARLYLE,
Acting First Vice-President.
JOHN T. LALOK,
Secretary.
MINORITY REPORT
SAN FRANCISCO DELEGATION,
RELATIVE TO
SENA.TE BILL NO. 85.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
REPORT
Mr. Speaker: The undersigned, a minority of the San Francisco dele-
gation, to whom was referred Senate Bill No. 85 — A bill to be entitled
an Act the better to secure the collection of license taxes in the City
and County of San Francisco — recommend that section second of said
bill be stricken out, for the following reasons, to wit :
The Treasurer of the City and County of San Francisco receives at
present a salary of four thousand (S4,00U) dollars per annum, an amount
equal to that paid the Controller of State.
Now, while the undersigned expressly declared his willingness to aid
in securing said Treasurer all the clerical force which might be necessarj^
to the proper and complete discharge of the duties incumbent upon him,
he can f^ee no good reason why the (in his opinion) ample salary should
be indefinitely increased, to the prejudice of the people, to whose credit
the additional dollar paid upon each license has been hitherto placed.
All of which is respectfull}^ submitted.
THOS. P. EYAN,
One of San Francisco Delegation.
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS.
RELATIVE TO
A.SSE:^d:BLY bill jSTO. 241.
«•. GELWICKS. STATE PRINTER.
REPORT.
Mr. Speaker : The Committee on "Ways and Means, to whom was
referred AssL'ml)ly Bill No 241 — An Act supplementary to and explana-
tory of an Act entitled an Act to amend an Act entitled an Act to pro-
vide revenue for the support of the Government of this State, approved
May twentieth, eighteen hundred and fitty-one, approved March thir-
tieth, eighteen hundred and sixty-one — have had the same under consid-
eration, and a majority of said committee have ordered that the said
bill be reported back to the House, with a recommendation that it do
not pass.
But. while such is the recommendation of a majority of the Commit-
tee on VV^ays and Means, the minority of said committee are of opinion
that the t>iH should be passed by the Legislature and become a law.
The bill is pros])ective in its operation, and provides that when real
estate is mortgaged or encumbered, the same shall be assessed only for
the value of such real estate, less the amount of the mortgage or encum-
brance fixed upon it. x\nd, in order that the State may not lose any
portion of its revenue, the bill provides that the mortgage or encum-
brance itself shall be assessed to the full amount of the debt secured by
the mortgage or encumbrance, the assessment to become a lien upon the
mortgage or other encumbrance in the same manner as upon other prop-
erty; and. further, the bill provides that no satisfaction of any mort-
gage or encumbrance shall be valid for any purpose until the tax assessed
shall be fully paid.
The minority of your committee deem the provisions of the bill emi-
nenth' proper. As the law now stands, the owner of real estate is taxed
to the full cash value of his real estate, notwithstanding there may be a
heavy encumbrance by way of mortgage upon the real estate, which
will :ind does depreciate the value of the same to the extent of the debt
secured by the mortgage or other encumbrance. The bill reported, in
the opinion of a minority of 3'our committee, cures this defect and gives
to the mortgagor a remed}' against the hardships of the present law
without affecting the revenue of the State.
The bill further provides that the owner of the real estate may pay,
at any time aftei- the tax shall have become delinquent, the amount of
tax levieil, and deduct the same from the amount of his indebtedness
under and by virtue of the mortgage, unless such owner shall have con-
tracted to pa}'- the tax assessed upon the mortgage.
The minorit}" of your committee, therefore, respectfully report said
Assembly Bill No. 241 and reconi i.end its passage.
LAMBERT, Chairman,
FORTUNE,
GILDEA.
JOINT RESOLUTION
RELATIVE TO THE
SALE OF MINERAL LANDS
O^LIFORN"!^.
taaaxtaamam
W. OELWICKS SPATE PRINTER.
JOINT RESOLUTION.
\rVHEREAS, The Government of the United States, ever since the discov-
ery of gold in California, has adopted and pursued the just and wise
policy of allowing all comers to freely, and without let or hindrance,
mine and work upon the mineral lands, subject only to such rules and
regulations as the miners themselves might adopt ; and whereas, under
the license so granted by the CTOvernraent. a vast amount of treasure has
been extracted and put in circulation, enhancing greatly the prosperity
of ever}' portion of the Union ; and whereas, under such licen.se. great
interests in mining operations have grown up. and the present owners
of the possessory rights to mining lands in this State have, in nearly
all cases, paid to the former possessors or locators of such possessory
rights the full value thereof, relying on the justice and good faith of
the Government not to depart from the wise and just policy heretofore
pursued; and whereas, the owners of such possessory claims are now^
paying their full share of taxation upon such property, and any addi-
tional burdens imposed upon the mining interests, by compelling the
occupants to again purchase the mining claims now held by them,
would be oppressive and detrimental to the mining interests of this
coast ; therefore, be it
Resolved by the Assembly, the Senate concurring, That our Senators
in Congress be instructed, and our Eepresentatives requested, to use all
honorable means in their power to prevent any departure from the policy
beretofore pursued in regard to the mineral lands, by selling or making
an}' other disposition thereof
Resolved. That his Excellency the Governor be and is hereby requested
to forward copies of the above preamble and resolutions to each of the
Senators and Representatives in Congress from this State.
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON CORPORATIONS
RF.LATIVB TO
CERTAIN BILLS REFERRED TO THEM.
D. \V. OEMVICKS. STATK PaiNTER.
REr>ORT.
Mr. President : The Committee on Corporations, to whom was re-
ferred Assembly Bill No. 499 — An Act to grant the riojht to convey
water in pipes to supply the inhabitants of the Town of Oroville — have
had the same under consideration, and report it back with amendments,
and recommend its passage as amended.
Also, Senate Bill No. 39(5 — An Act to authorize the Board of Super-
visors of the County of Monterey to donate the bonds of said county to
the Monterey and Salinas Railroad Comjiany, and to provide for the
payment of the same, and other matters relating thereto — report the
same back with the recommendation that it do not pass.
Also, Senate Bill No. 313 — An Act to amend an Act entitled an Act to
authorize the incorjjoration of canal companies and the construction of
canals, approved May fourteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-two —
report the same back and recommend its passage.
Also, Senate Bill No. 548 — An Act to empower the County of Mon-
terey to aid in the construction of the Monterey and Salinas Valley
Eailroad — report the same back with amendments, and, as amended,
recommend that it be passed
Also, Assembly Bill No. 317 — An Act to authorize the Board of Su-
pervisors of the County of Sutter to enter upon, condemn and take
possession of a certain tract of land in said county, to be used as a
public graveyard — report the same back and recommend its passage.
Also, Senate Bill No. 376— An Act to incorporate the Town of Ala-
meda— report the same back without recommendation.
Also, Senate Bill No. 584 — An Act concerning street railroads — report
the same back with a substitute, and recommend the passage of the
substitute.
Also, Senate Bill No. 382— An Act concerning the stocks of corpora-
tions, amendatory of an Act to provide revenue for the support of the
Government of this State, approved May seventeenth, eighteen hundred
and sixty-one — report the same back without recommendation.
Also, Senate Bill No. 521 — An Act authorizing the Board of Trustees
of the City of Pclaluma to lease a certain plaza therein — report the
same back and recommend its passage.
Also, Senate Bill No. 526— An Act to grant the right of way over
State lands; also, granting tide lands in the Bay of San Diego, in the
City and County of San i)iego, for terminus and depot and other pur-
poses— report the same back without recommendation.
Also. Senate Bill No. 345 — An Act to empower tlie City of Marysvilie
and the Counties of Colusa, Sutter, Yuba and Nevada, to aid in the con-
struction of the Colusa, Marj'sville and Nevada Kailroad — report the
same back without recommendation.
Also, Assembl}' Bill No. 334 — An Act to amend an Act concerning
corporations, passed April twenty-second, eighteen hundred and fifty —
report the same back and recommend its passage.
Also, Assenibly Bill No. 412 — An Act entitled an Act to authorize the
Mayor and Common Council of the City of Stockton, in the County of
San Joaquin, to donate one hundred thousand dollars to the Stockton
and Coppcropolis Railroad Company, and to provide for the payment of
the same, and other matters relating thereto — report the same back and
recommend its passage.
SAUNDERS, Chairman.
PETITION
HIBERNIA GREENS
LEGISLATURE OF CALIFORNIA.
D. \V. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER
1^ li: T I T I O N
Tu the Honorable the Legislature of the State of California :
The petition of the Hibernia Greens would respectfully represent to
your honorable body that they were a military company, organized
under the militia laws of this State.
That they effected their organization, b}' the election of officers, on
the seventeenth day of May, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, in the
City and Count}' of San Francisco.
The company consisted of seventy-four men, and was commanded by
Captain P. R. Hanna, and attached to the Second Regiment of Infantry,
commanded by Colonel M. C. Smith.
Under and by virtue of an Act of the Legislature of eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-five, the company was mustered out of service on the
twenty-fifth daj' of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-six, having served
for the terra of fourteen months and eight days.
The company incurred great expense in procuring the requisite uni-
forms, which have become useless and an entire loss, by reason of their
being disbanded by authority of the State laws.
The cost of the uniforms amounted to two thousand one hundred and
twenty-four dollars.
The comjmny, by the then existing laws of this State, were entitled
to five dollars per year for each man, during the time in service. Esti-
mating the amount due for the time actually in service — say fourteen
months and eight days — there is due the company the sum of four hun-
dred and thirty-nine dollars and thirty-seven cents; but your petitioners
would respectfully represent and suggest to, and urge upon your honor-
able body, that as the said company was not disbanded or mustered out
at their own volition, but by the authority of the State laws, afier en-
tering upon a second year, that they are entitled to have, and recover,
the legal pay for two years service, which, for seventy-four men, would
amount to the sum of seven hundred and fort}' dollars, and would make,
for money expended for uniforms and for legal pay for services, the gross
sum of two thousand eight hundred and sixty-four dollars.
Your petitioners would further respectfully represent to your honor-
able body, that no part of the above outlay lor uniforms has been re-
funded to therh, nor have they recovered any part of the pay for
services allowed by law.
Wherefore, in consideration of the premises, your petitioners would
respectfully ask and pray your honorable body's considerution of their
petition, and to allow and direct payment to your petitioners the sum
of two thousand eight hundred and sixty-four dollars, or grant such
relief in the premises as to your honorable body may seem just and equit-
able. As in duty bound your petitioners will every pray, etc.
P. E. HANNA, Captain, commanding.
JAMES McGUIRK. First Lieutenant.
EGBERT B. BUTLER, Second Lieutenant.
LAWRENCE J. KELLY, Brevet Second Lieutenant.
JAMES BAREETT, First Sergeant.
For the Hibernia Groons.
PETITION
TO THE LEGISLATURR FROM
CITIZENS OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY
RELATIVE TO MAIL SERVICE BETWEEN THE
CITY OF SAN JOSE AND THE TOWN OF ALMADEN.
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER
P^ETITIO:^^.
To the Honorable the Legidature of the State of California :
The petition of the undersigned, residents and citizens of the County
of Santa Clara, in said State, respectfully shows :
That between the City of San Jose and the Town of Almaden, in the
said County of Santa Clara, a distance of twelve miles, more or less,
there is no United States mail service, and no means of intercommuni-
cation by mail.
That said Town of Almaden contains a population of more than three
hundred persons, who are, by reason of the absence of such mail
service, deprived of that intercommunication with their friends and
business connections in other parts of the State which the necessities of
their situation require.
That there are residing along the route from said Almaden to said
City of San Jose more than one hundred persons, who are also greatly
prejudiced and inconvenienced by the want of such mail service.
That the interests and convenience of the said above mentioned per-
sons, and of all the inhabitants of the said County of Santa Clara, as
well as of the State at large, would be greatly subserved by the imme-
diate establishment of a regular daily United States mail service between
said City of San Jose and said Town of Almaden.
Your petitioners further represent unto your honorable body, that
William Shelly and Joseph Kingwell, citizens and residents of said
County of Santa Clara, are responsible and trustworthy persons, well
qualified and possessed of the requisite means for the transportation of
said United States mail between said points, and are, as your petitioners
are informed, ready and willing to undertake the transportation of the
same, being now actually engaged in running a line of stage coaches
between said City of San Jose and said Almaden.
Therefore, your petitioners pray that your honorable body will imme-
diately direct the Senators and Eepresentatives of the State of Califor-
nia, in the Congress of the United States, to introduce into that body
and use their influence to cause the passage by it of an Act establishing
a daily mail service between said City of San Jose and said Town of
Almaden aforesaid, and awarding, or directing the award, of the con-
tract for the transportation of the said mail to William Sbolly and
Joseph F. Kingwell, hereinbefore mentioned.
And your petitioners will ever pray, etc
Dated, February 1st, 1870.
THE QUICKSILVER MINING CO.,
by S. F. Butterwortb, Manager.
WILLIAM WALLACE,
JOHN NEW,
WILLIAM GOLDSWORTHY,
CHARLES F. O'BRION,
B. C. KURTZ,
F. MYERS,
J. G. UNDERWOOD,
S. J. LE CONTE,
EDWARD WELLS,
FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ,
DANIEL BRINSON,
RALPH LOWE,
ROBERT W. McKEE,
D. I. BURNETT,
W. McCAUSLAND.
REPORT
^{ommitte^ m l®ap m& pi^ans
RELATIVE TO FIXING THE
RATE OF TAXATION FOR STATE PCRPOSES,
TWENTY-SECOND AND TWENTY-THIRD FISCAL YEARS.
b. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
HE P O H T .
Mr. Speaker: The Committee of Ways and Means have considered
the subject of fixing the rate of taxation for State purposes, for the
twenty-second and twenty-third fiscal years, and herewith report a bill,
having that end in view, and recommend its passage.
It will be seen that the committee have fixed the rate of taxation for
the twenty-second fiscal year, at eighty-two cents, and for the twenty-
third fiscal year, at eighty-one cents, upon each one hundred dollars
value of taxable property. For the twentieth and twenty-first fiscal
years, respectively, there was levied a tax of one hundred cents, and of
ninety-seven cents, on each one hundred dollars of taxable property.
The decrease, therefore, in the rate of taxation, from the two preceding
fiscal years, will be eighteen cents for the twentj'-second fiscal year, and
sixteen cents for the twenty-third fiscal year, showing in the aggregate,
for the two coming fiscal years, a decrease of thirty-four cents on each
one hundred dollars of taxable property in the State. This rate of tax-
ation would have been still further decreased, had it not been for the
inadequacy of the appropriation made bj^ the preceding Legislature, to
meet the current wants of the government.
Your committee find that the several deficiencies, foi- the payment of
which no means were provided, amount in the aggregate to the sum of
three hundred and fort}' thousand six hundred and fift}' dollars. The
payment, of this large amount had to be provided for by this Legislature,
and all the items, except one (which is provided for b}^ special tax), con-
stituting this amount, is drawn upon the General Fund of the State.
Your committee cannot, in too strong terms, reprobate the system of
leaving large deficiency bills for succeeding Legislatures to provide for.
It is calculated to mislead the public mind, and while temporarily it
might present a prosperous view of the financial condition of the State,
yet, being based upon a false estimate, it must eventually explode and
rebound with treble force upon those who adopt it.
The sums appropriated by the general bill, to carry on the govern-
ment, amounts to one million three hundred and seventj'-five thousand
lollars The sums appropriated for other purposes, during the present
session, together with such as have to be provided for by existing laws,
amount to two hundred and twenty-two thousand three hundred and
eighty dollars — making in the aggregate, in round numbers, the sura of
one million nine hundred and thirty thousand dollars to be provided for
daring the two succeeding fiscal years, or nine hundred and sixty-five
thousand dollars per annum, and to meet which, the rate of tax has been
fixed as hereinabove specified.
Your committee confidently believe that the rale fixed will be amply
sufficient to pa}' the current expenditures of the government, togetlier
with the large existing deficiency, as well as appropriations made for
special purposes by the Legislature, at its present session.
Your committee further believe that the appropriations made for the
twenty-second and twenty-third fiscal years will be amply sufficient to
meet all the financial requirements of the government; and that by pro-
viding against large deficiencies in the future, the rate of taxation will,
for the twenty-fourth and twentj'-fifth fiscal j-ears, be decreased, from
this cause alone, five cents on the one hundred dollars.
LAMBERT, Chairman.
STATEMENT OF MONEYS
COLLECTED BY"
James S. Houseman, Harbormaster
PORT OF SAN FRANCISCO
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
ST A.TEMENT.
X AMOUNT OP MONEY
Paid into the city and county treasury for twenty-two months, by J. S. Houseman.
1867 — December
1868 — January ...
February .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November.
December.
1869 — January ...
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
Total .
$2,950
55
2,156
85
2,364
40
2,075
2.103
70
50
1,886
2,393
15
85
2,131
85
2,328
90
2,551
2,149
65
75
2,427
15
2,121
00
2,202
95
1,609
2,665
00
10
1,875
1,921
85
85
2,188
85
2,266
60
1,941
1,985
15
00
104
45
$48,402
10
Average monthly collections for twenty-two months.. .$2,200 00
AMOUNT OP MONEY
Paid info city and county treasury by 2^cist Harbormasters^ from 1861 to 1867,
inclusive.
Harbormaster W. T. Thompson, for j'ear 1861
Harbormaster Chas. Goodall, for G months, to June, 1862..
Harbormaster Chas. Goodall, for 12 months, 1864
Harbormaster Chas. Goodall, for 12 months, 1865
Harbormaster Marcus Harloe, for 1866
Harbormaster Marcus Harloe, for 1867
Total
Average collections of past Harbormasters for 66 months..
James S. Houseman's average for 22 months
James S. Houseman's monthly excess
James S. Houseman's excess in 22 months, over the largest
collections in 24 months or two years of any previous
Harbormaster, is
$15,149 80
9.564 15
20,291 25
21.260 45
20,136 75
19,035 75
3105,437 75
$1,597 54
2,200 00
$702 46
$7,004 90
RESOLUTION No. 771, NEW SERIES.
•
Resolved, That the San Francisco delegation to the State Legislature
be and they are hereby requested to use their best efforts to procure the
passage of an Act authorizing the pa3'ment of a sum not to exceed
one thousand two hundred dollars, to James S. Houseman, Harbormas-
ter, the sum being for moneys expended by him for clerk hire, during
his term of office, said expenditure being, in the judgment of this Board,
necessary, as it resulted in an additional average monthl}'' collection of
seven hundred and seventeen dollars and seventy-five cents for harbor
dues during said term of office.
In Board of Supervisors, San Francisco, January third, eighteen hun-
dred and seventy.
Adopted by the following vote :
Ayes — Supervisors Winkle, Harrold, Flaherty, McCarthy, Ashbury,
Badlam, Ring, Story, Shrader, Adams, Canavan, Kelly.
JNO. A. RUSSELL, Clerk.
REPORT
ON THE BILL TO DIVIDE THE
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES-
AND CREATE THE
NEW COUNTY OF ANAHEIM.
BY M. F. CORONEL.
D. W. GELWICK8 STATE PRINTER.
REPORT
Mr. Speaker: I have examined Lhoroughly and carefully the bill pre-
aentcd for the division of Los Anj^eles County, and the creation of a
new county, to be called Anaheim County; and I have counselled with
my constituents in this matter I assure this honorable body that the
majority of those whom I have the honor to represent are opposed to
the measure.
It would be a matter of doubtful expediency at any time, or under any
circumstances ; and at the present time, when our southern counties are
threatened with another terrible drought, to the almost incalculable '
injury of stock raisers and agriculturists, and the general impoverish-
ment of the country, it would be a step of unmitigated and inexcusable
folly.
Should our fears respecting the drought be verified, much of the
stock, comprising a considerable portion of the personal property of
Los Angeles County, would be driven away or perish, and the assess-
ment list of taxable pi'operty be greatly reduced.
Tn the 3'ears eighteen hundred and tift3'-eight and eighteen hundred and
fifty-nine, I had the honor to serve as Assessor in Los Angeles County.
In the year eighteen hundred and fifty-nine the taxable property in that
portion of the county now asked to be segregated, amounted to one
million seven hundred thousand dollars, but in the year eighteen hundred
and sixty-nine the taxable property of the whole county amounted to five
million seven hundred thousand dollars ; should the present year be one
of extreme drought, the assessable list would probably be reduced at
least one-half and prove scarcely enough to pay the current expenses of
the county, much less redeem any portion of the county indebtedness,
which amounts to two hundred and eighty-eight thousand dollars.
The petition purports to have been signed b}' some six hundred per-
sons, w^ho are supposed to be residents of the county and personally
interested in the matter. 1 am personally acquainted with the majority
of the residents in that portion of the county, and find among the
names upon the petition at least one hundred who are not citizens of
the county, and who do not pay poll tax there. I have received letters
from various persons, whose names appear upon said petition, who
assure me they never signed the same, and they are, moreover, opposed
to the proposed division, for the reason that their property would bo
heavily taxed to support another set of comity officials-, and carry on
the machinery' of a new county government, erect county buildings,
etc, etc., without an}' corresjjonding benefit to themselves or their
property.
The proposed measure would only be profitable to a few landed pro-
prietors at Anaheim, and a class of idlers, who hope to earn an easy
subsistence by filling the newly created county offices.
In the portion of the county which it is proposed to segregate, there
are about one thousand voters ; at least two-thirds of those one thou-
sand voters should approve and ask for the division befoi'o it is made.
Now, taking one hundred bogus, or non-resident names, from the six hun-
dred on the ))etition, and we have just about five hundred left, which is
not more than one-half of the resident voters, which, I submit, is not a
sufficiency to compel the division.
Another point set forth by those asking the division, is the great dis-
tance they have to travel to reach the count}' seat at Los Angeles. I
assure 3'Ou, Mr. Speaker, that the greatest distance any one of those
thus complaining is compelled to travel in order to reach the county
seat, does not succeed sixty-six miles. The Town of Anaheim, which it
is proposed to make the county seat of the new county, is only thirty-
six miles from Los Angeles. The expense of summoning parties to ap-
pear and their travel to the present county seat, is much less for them
than for the citizens living in the vicinit}' of Elizabeth Lake, distant
some seventy-five miles. For the reasons I have given, I sincerely trust
the Assembl}" will hesitate belbre passing the bill. A majority of those
most vitally interested are O])])osed to its being done at any time, and
particularly at this time, when their count}' is threatened with a pro-
tracted season of drought, and the prospect before them looks gloomy
and cheerless in the extreme.
When your honorable body shall have duly considered the measure
proposed, I am confident you will condemn it as injustice to the major-
ity of the citizens of Los Angeles, whom I have the honor to represent.
But in case it sliould pass, notwithstanding my oppo.sition, 1 wi.sh thus
publicly to enter my protest in the mutter, and show my constituents
that I have endeavored to do what was right in protecting their interests.
COEONEL.
MEMORIAL
BOARD OF REGENTS
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
TO THE LEGISLATUBE.
i>. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
MEMORIAL.
To the Senntp. and Assemhli/ of the State of California :
Your memorialists, constituting the Board of Regents of the Univer-
sity of California, would respectfully represent that they are, by law,
intrusted with the control, and charged with the management and sale
of the one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, donated to the
State by Act of Congress for the support of a College of Agriculture
and the Mechanic Arts, and by the State appropriated to the main-
tenance of the University.
In the discharge of their duties as custodians of these lands, your
memorialistc have encountered serious obstacles, particularly in the
matter of locations, in consequence of unreasonable restrictions imposed
by existing laws, and by the regulations and decisions of the United
States land officers.
To remove these obstacles, and otherwise facilitate the location and
sale of the lands, a law has been drawn up, at the instance of your
memorialists, entitled an Act amendatory of an Act entitled an Act to
further provide for giving effect to the various grants of public lands to
the State of Nevada, approved June eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
eight.
This bill was introduced by Senator Casserly, into the Senate of the
United States, on the thirteenth of December, eighteen hundred and
sixty-nine, and was referred to the Committee on Public Lands, and
ordered to be printed. A copy of the bill is hereto appended, and also a
copy of the memorial addressed by the Eegents to the Congress of the
United States in support of the passage of said bill.
That memorial, to which your attention is specially invited, will ex-
plain the reasons for the various provisions of the proposed law, and
will show how urgent is the necessity for its passage, in order to give
full value to the grant of lands, and enable your memorialists to do
justice to the institution intrusted to their charge.
In order to secure the hearty co operation of the California delega-
tion in Congress, your memorialists earnestly beg that your honorable
body will sec fit to pass, at as early a day as practicable, a joint resolu-
tion instructing our Senators, and requesting our Kepresentatives in
Compress, to use their efforts to secure the passage of the law intro-
duced hy Senator Cas.<erly.
UKGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY.
Ex officio Rcijcvta.
HENRY II. IIAIGHT,
Governor and President of tlio Board.
WILLIAM HOLDEN,
Lieutenant-Governor.
C. T. RYLAND,
Speaker of the Assembly.
O. P. FlTZGP:PtALD, D D,
State Sup't of Public Instruction.
CHARLES F REED,
Pres't of the State Agricultural Society.
A. S. HALLIDIE,
Pres't of the Mechanics' Inst, of S. F.
Appointed Regents.
Samuel Merritt, M. D., Oakland.
John T. Doyle, Menlo Park.
Richard P. Hammond, San Francisco.
John W. Dwinelle, Oakland.
Horatio Stebbins, San Francisco.
Lawrence Archer, San Jose.
William Watt, Grass Valley.
Samuel B McKee, Oakland.
Honorary Regents.
Louis Sachs, San Francisco.
Edward Tompkins, Oakland,
J. Mora Moss, Te mescal.
S. F. Butterworth, New Almaden Mine.
John S. Hager, San Franci.sco.
A. J. Bowie, M. D., San Francisco.
b^f^^'■^ William C. Ralston, San Francisco.
John B. Felton, Oakland.
Andrew J. Mouldek,
Secretary Board of Regents.
A. BILL
AMENDATORY OF AN ACT ENTITLED AN ACT TO FURTHER PROVIDE FOR
GIVING EFFECT TO THE VARIOUS GRANTS OF PUBLIC LANDS TO THE STATE
OF NEVADA. APPROVED JUNE EIGHTH, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-
EIGHT.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled :
That section four ot an Act entitled an Act to further ])rovide for
skiving: effect to the various grants of public lands to the State of Ne-
vada, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows : And
it is further enacted that the lands granted to the State of California fur
the establishment of an Agricultural College by the Act of July second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and Acts amendator}- thereto, may be
selected by said State fronianj- lands within said State, subject to pre-emp-
tion or sale, in legal subdivisions adjoining by sides, in bodies of not less
than one liundred and sixty acres; jjrovided, that this privilege shall not
extend to lands upon which there may be rightful claims under the pre-
emption and homestead laws, nor to mineral lands; and provided fur-
ther, that if lands be selected as aforesaid, the minimum price of which
is two dollars and fifty cents per acre, they shall be taken acre for acre
in part satisfaction of the grant, and the State of California shall pay to
the United States the sum of one dollar and twent3'-five cents per acre
for each acre so selected, when the same shall be patented to the State
by the United States; jrrovided further, that where lands, sought to be
selected for the Agricultural College, are timbered lands and unsur-
veyed, the pro])er authorities of the State shall file a statemunt to that
effect with the Register of the United States Land Office, describing the
land by township and i-ange, and shall make application to the United
States Survej'or-General for a survey of the same, the expenses of the
survey for field-work to be paid by the State, provided there be no ap-
propriation b\' Congress for that ])urpose. The United States Surveyor-
General, as soon as practicable, shall have the lands surveyed and the
township plats returned to the United States Land Office, and lands so
surveyed and returned shall, for thirty days after the filing of the plats
in the United States Land Office, be held exclusively for location for the
Agricultural College, and within said thirty days the proper authorities
of the State shall make application to the United States Land Office for
the lands sought to be located by sections and parts of sections; provided,
that any rights, under the pre-emption or homestead laws, acquired
prior to the tiling of the required statement with the United States
Register, shall not be impaired or affected by this Act; and provided
further, that such selection shall be made in everj^ other respect subject
to the conditions, restrictions and limitations contained in the Acts
hereby modified.
COPY OF MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS.
To the flonorahk the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States, in Congress assembled :
Your memorialists, constitutincf the Board of Regents of the Univer-
Hily of Califoniia, would respectfully represent, that the one hundred
and fifty thousand acres of land donated to the State of California for
the establishment and support of a College of Agriculture and the
Mechanic Arts, by Act of Congress, approved July second, eighteen
hundred and sixtj^-two, have been a])propriated by an Act of the Legis-
lature of said State, to the support of the University which your naemo-
rialists represent.
This University has been established and is now in active operation.
It embraces five distinct colleges, among which are a College of Agricul-
ture and a College of the Mechanic Arts.
To your memorialists is entrusted the management of the lands above
referred to. Those lands can be selected only withi)i the limits of the
Slate of California. But a small jiortion of them have* as yet been
selected, while vast amounts of the agricultural scrip of other States
have been located in our State.
These locations, and the reservation of immense tracts for the benefit
t)f railrcads, have absorbed so much of the desirable public lands of the
State, as to leave but little, scattered here and there, and in the most
distant parts of thn State, whereon to locate our grant.
In view of this slate of facts, and in order to compensate, in some
measure, for the disadvantages under Avhich we labor, your memorialists,
earnest in the cause of science and of letters, would respectfully beg of
your honorable body to pass an Act amending existing laws, in the fol-
lowing particulars :
/„.,/_Section two of the Act of Congress, approved July second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, which grants these one hundred and
lily thousand acres to the State of Califorriia, requires that " they shall
be apportioned to the several States in sections, or subdivisions of sec-
tions, not /rss than nuvqunrtcr of a section." We ask that this limitation
Clause, not less than one-quarier of a section," be stricken out, and
that wc be allowed to locate in the same manner as pre-emptors; that is
to say, in the smallest le^^al subdivision, which is forty acres. There
can be no valid reason why we should be restricted to a technical
^^ quarter section'' while the restriction materially diminishes the value of
our grant.
We urge that the law be so amended as to permit us, or the purchaser
of our scrip, to select different adjoining subdivisions, adjoining by sides,
sufficient to make an ai*ea equivalent to a quarter section, and when
desired, which would only be in rare and exceptional cases, to locate a
forty, eighty or one hundred and twentj^ acre tract.
The irregular boundaries of private land claims, the equally irregular
lines of demarcation between the swamp lands and the high lands, the
sinuosities of the sea-coast and the meanderings of rivers, often leave
small subdivisions of public lands, which we desire to locate. As long as
we are restricted to a technical quarter section, we cannot do this. It
is impossible to conceive of any satisfactory reason why this privilege
should be denied us.
Second — An Act of Congress, entitled an Act to further provide for
giving effect to the various grants of public lands to the State of Nevada,
approved June eighth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, provides in
section four, " that if lands [granted to the State of California for the
establishment of an Agricultural College] be selected as aforesaid, the
minimum price of which is two dollars and fifty cents per acre, each
acre so selected shall be taken by the State in satisfaction of two acres,
the minimum price of which is one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre."
Under the operation of this law, two acres of the Agricultural College
grant must be surrendered to locate one acre of public land within the
limits of any railroad reservation. To this we do not object, but we ask
the privilege of acquiring title to a given number of acres in a railroad
belt, by surrendering an equivalent number of acres of the Agricultural
College grant, and by paying thei'efor, to the Government, an additional
sum in cash, at the rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.
To illustrate : suppose we desire to locate one hundred and sixty acres
of double minimum lands within a railroad reservation ?
It would add much to the value of our grant, while the Government
would not be the loser, if we could pay for these one hundred and sixty
acres by an Agricultural College warrant for one hundred and sixty
acres, and two hundred dollars in cash.
This privilege is now allowed to the holders of land warrants.
Py an Act of Congress, carried out by the regulations of the United
States Land Office, where a tract of public land is held at two dollars
and fifty cents per acre, a purchaser is permitted to pay for the same by
surrendering a land warrant for an equal number of acres, and cash
besides, to the amount of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. We
simply ask that our Agricultural College warrants be put on the same
footing as land warrants.
This will but follow an established precedent, and will work no incon-
venience or confusion in the operation of the land system, as all the ma-
chinery necessary to carry out the proposed change is now in operation.
Such a privile2:e"will add greatly to the value of our college scrip, in this
wise : Suppose the Regents of the University fix the price of their scrip,
or warrants, locatable upon lands within the limits of a railroad reser-
vation, at two dollars and fifty cents, gold, per acre? The purchaser, as
the law now stands, must surrender two acres of college scrip to obtain
one acre of land, whereby the cost of his scrip becomes practically five
dollars, gold, per acre. This extra two dollars and fifty cents, gold, per
8
acre, benefits no one, for the Eegents do not get it, neither does the Gov-
ernment.
If the privilege wc seek is conceded, and the holders of our scrip is
placed on the same footing as the holder of a land warrant, he can
secure title to an acre of public land in a railroad belt, by surrendering
an acre of our college scrip, costing him two dollars and fifty cents,
gold, and by paying to the Government one dollar and twenty-five cents
in legal tenders, equivalent to one dollar in gold, making the "ost of bis
acre but three dollars and fifty cents, instead of five dollars, gold.
This saving of one dollar and fifty cents, gold, per acre, to the pur-
chaser of our scrip, will greatly increase and accelerate its sale, and
thereby effect a great public good, in the support and improvement of
our Colleges of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.
Trusting that your honorable body will aid us in our efforts to build
up these institutions, of such inestimable value to the great masses of
our people, your memorialists hereto subscribe their names and affix
their seal, this thirtieth day of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and
sixty-nine.
[Signed by the Eegents and by the Secretary of the Board, with the
seal of the Board attached.]
REPORT
MAGDALEN ASYLUM
LEGISLATURE OF CALIFORNIA
AT ITS EIGHTEENTH (SESSION.
D. W. QELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
R E P O K T
To the Honorable the Senate and Assemhli/, Sacramento City :
In presenting the annexed report of the Magdalen Asylum, for the two
j^ears ending Januarj' first, eighteen hundred and seventy, the Sisters
of Mercy in charge of the institution return their grateful acknowledg-
ments for the favors hitherto received at your hands, and beg again
most earnestly to recommend it to the charitable consideration of your
honorable body.
The Sisters hope that you will, with even more than your wonted
generosit}^ make such an appropriation to the establishment this year
as will enable them to enlarge the Asj'lum building, which is entirely
too small even for the number of inmates at present in the house. Many
poor creatures who seek a refuge in the Asylum are unavoidably denied
admittance, in consequence of the very limited accommodations.
By the generosit}^ of some benevolent persons, a portion of the old
debt has been paid during the past two years; but over ten thousand
dollars still remain due, which, by the tax now levied on outside lands,
will be increased to nearly thirteen thousand dollars — a heavy burden
on an institution which finds it no easy matter to supply the daily wants
of its inmates.
In conclu>ion, the Sisters intrust with confidence the cause they advo-
cate to the kind consideration of your honorable body
Appended is a list similar to those hitherto furnished, the names of
the inmates being, as usual, suppressed.
Sister MAEY G. BROWN, Superioress,
Sister MARY B. RUSSELL,
Sister MARY DE CHANTEL FLEMING.
Magdalen Asylum, San Francisco, January 25th, 1870.
LIST OF INMATES
From January Is/, 18G8, tu January \st, 1870.
No.
Date of entrance.
Age.
Nativity.
Remarks.
9
January 23, 1860.
May 2. 1862
June 12, 18(52
August 0, 1862
October 25, 1862...
October 31, 1862...
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
April 24,186.3
Julv 4, 1863
May 19.1861
10 Ijuly 19, 1S64
21 ;Juiy 28, 1864
12 iMarch 5, 1865
April 21,1865
April 29, 1865
May 29, 1865
August 25, 1865....
October 17,1865....
October 24, 1865....
January 2, 1866....
January 27, 1866...
June 4, 1866
August 20, 1866....
23 [August 30, 1866....
24 September 24, 1866
October 2, 1866
November 6, 1866..
November 16, 1866
December 17, 1S66.
January 19, 1867.„
January 20, 1867...
January 23, 1867...
February 12, 1S67..
February 12, 1867..
March 30, 1867
March 30,1867
April 30, 1867
May 20, 1867
May 26, 1867
May 28. 1867
May 28, 1867
May 31, 1867
June I, 1867
Juno 12, 1867
July 13, 1867 j
August 4, 1867 i
August 15, 1867 i
August 20, 1867....
August 28, 1867....
September 4, 1867..
September 18, 1867
September 20, 1867
October 28, 1867....
December 30, 1867.
December 30, 1867.
February 12, 1868..
February 20, 1868..
February 27, 1868..
March 2, 1868
March 5, 1868
March 12,1868
25
40
21
9
13
7
17
22
13
16
18
33
4
11
14
15
12
13
17
18
17
14
40
14
15
45
34
17
15
13
17
12
16
15
32
14
17
17
50
36
21
15
16
10
15
New York .
New York.
New York.
New York.
California..
California..
Kentucky
Massachusetts
New Brunswick...,
Virginia
Ireland
New York
New Orleans
New York
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland
California
California
California
Washington, D. C
New York
California
Germany
California
Massachusetts ,
Iri^land
California
California
California
California
California
California
Maryland
Louisiana
England
Massachusetts
Ireland
New York
Massachusetts
Kentucky
Ireland
California
New York
Ireland ...
California,
New York
California.
California.
Ireland ...
California.
New York
California.
I Illinois
Australia.
Ireland ...
California.
California.
California
Mc
Still in the Asylum. i
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Placed in a family, March 3, 1869.
Transferred to Good Shepherds, New York,
June 16, 1868.
Provided with a situation, June 29, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Sent to the Almshouse, March 4, 1868.
Sent to the Almshouse, August 25, 1868.
Sent to a situation, September 29, 1869.
Sent to a situation, February 20, 1868.
Sent to the Almshouse, December 3, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Died, November 2, 1S6S.
Taken by her aunt, October 6, 1868.
Removed by sister, December 1, 1869,
Removed by mother, April 20, 1869.
Removed by mother, July 3, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Taken by her father. May 13, 1868.
Sent to a situation, February 26, 1869.
Taken by her mother, April 20, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Sent to a situation, March 11, 1868.
Left, February 26, 1869.
Left, April 24, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by her sister, December 22, 1868.
Sent to the Almshouse, August 26, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by her friends, May 24, 18P8.
Still in the Asylum.
Sent to a situation, July 20, 1S6S.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by niother, June 11, 1868.
Removed by sister, March 2, 1S69.
Left, September, 1869.
Sent to a situation, April 13, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Left, January 12, 1868.
Went to her friends, September 17, 1868.
Still in the Asylum.
Placed in a situation, April 19, 1868.
Left, March 12, If"
"■""^ Removed by father, June 5, 1869.
sachusetts Still in thr. Asvi,.,,,
Still in the Asylum.
No.
Date of entrancs. Ajce.
Nativity.
Remarks.
61
March 28, 1S68
April 4, 1S6S
22
30
10
20
15
6
23
31
30
12
24
16
32
7
22
15
16
18
16
40
15
15
16
18
27
25
35
10
16
30
14
27
32
10
12
23 .
17
35
15
10
16
15
30
31
40
30
13
14i
26
16
13
28
30
34
24
17
17
16
17
17
15
15
16
15
28
25
Ireland
Removed by friends, June 16, 1868.
Sent to the Almshouse October 12 1868
f,?.
Ireland
es
May 4, 1S6S
California
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by friends, .June 6, 1868.
Died, August 12, 1869
fii
May 6. 1868
65
May 22, ISiJS
June 4. 1868
66
Sent to her mother December 12 1869
67
June 4, 1S6S
Pennsylvania
Went to a situation, January 4, 1868.
Removed by friends, October 18, 1868.
68
June 6, 1868
69
June 16, IS6S
June 28. 1868
July 8, 186S
Ireland
70
71
Massachusetts
Still in the Asylum.
Sent to Hospital, July 29, 1868.
Ran awav, September 12, 1868.
Left, March 30, 1869.
72
July 9, 186S
California
73
July 9, 1S6S
Eno-Iand
74
July 27, ISfiS
August 9. 1S6><
August 12, 1868
August 15, 1868
August 19, 1868
August 30, 1868
September 3, 186S..
September 16, 1868
September 28, 1868
October 24,1868....
October 26, 1S68....
October 30, 1868....
November 1, 1868..
November 5, 1868..
November 24, 1868
November 24, 1868
November 28, 1868
December 8, 1868...
December 8, 1868...
December 12, 1868.
December 12, 1868.
December 20, 1868.
December 22, 1868.
December 27, 1868.
December 28, 1808.
December 30, 1868.
January 2, 1869....
January 2, 1869....
January 6, 1869....
January 8, 1869...
January 11, 1869...
January 12, 1869...
January 13, 1869...
January 13, 1869...
January 20, 1869...
January 27. 1869...
February 19,1869..
February 19,1869..
February 27, 1869..
March 3, 1869
March .5, 1809
.March 10, 1869
March 10, 1869
March 16,1869
March 17, 1869
April 1 1869
Removed by friends, September 3, 1869.
Left, November 29, 1869.
75
England
76
California
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by her sister, November 15, 1868.
Died, March 30, 1869.
77
78
Louisiana
79
California
Removeil by parents, December 8, 1868.
Left, October 15, 1S6S.
80
Ireliind
81
New York
Taken home by husband. December 19, 1868.
Removed by friends, March 12, 1869.
Removed by friends, November 15, 1868.
82
83
California
California
84
85
Buenos Ay res
Ireland
Removed by friends, September 13, 1869.
Placed in a situation, December 2, 1869.
86
Ireland
Left, November 30, 1868.
87
New York
E.xpelled, March 3, 1S69.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asvlum.
88
California
89
California
90
Sent to the Almshouse, December 14, 1868,
91
California
Removed by her mother, January 26, 1869.
92
New York
Removed by her husband, March 10, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
93
Irehind
94
Placed in a family, September 2, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by friends, April 22. 1869.
95
96
C.ilifornia
France
97
98
Sandwich Islands..
Ireland
Sent to Hospital, July 12, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
99
California
Still in the Asylum.
100
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
101
102
California
Sent to a situation, March 13, 1869.
103
Made her escape, March 1, 1869.
104
Returned to her friends, February 1, 1869.
105
Ireland
Went to a situation, January 27, 1869.
106
Still in the Asylum.
107
108
Removed by her mother, .July 3, 1869.
Placed in a good family, March 16, 1869.
109
110
New York
Removed by husband, February 11, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
111
California
Removed I>y her friend.s, July 23, 1869.
112
Placed with a good family, March 26, 1869.
113
Removed by husband, February 14, 1869.
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Still in the Asylum.
Left, August 27, 1SG9.
California
Still in the Asylum.
California
Removed by her mother, May 30, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
New York
Left, December 30, 1869.
April 1, 1869
Rhode Island
Ohio
Still in the Asylum.
121
122
April 1 1869
Still in the Asylum.
April ], 1869
California
Massachusetts
Still in the Asylum.
123
124
125
log
April IS, 1S69
April 24, 1809
jMay 2 1869
Removed by parents, April 29, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
.May 1, 1869
Massachusetts
Californi.i
Left, July 31, 1809.
126
May 5 1869
Died, July 29, 1869.
No.
Date of entrnnco.
Ago.
Nativity.
Kemarks.
128
129
1.30
131
132
i:{3
134
135
13fi
137
1.38
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
160
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
May 7, 1869
May 11, 1869
May 17, 1869
May 21. lSf.9
May 21, lSf.9
June 2, 1809
June lit, 1SG9
June 21.1869
June 21, 1809
June 24, 1869
July 3, 1869
July 22, 1869
July 24, 1869
July 27, 1869
July 28, 1869
July 29, 1809
August 4, 1869
August 4, 1869
August 8, 1869
August 9, 1869
August 25, 1809....
August 30, 1869....
August 30, 1869....
August 30, 1809....
September 1, 1869..
September 24, 1869
September 25, 1S69
September 29,1869
September 29, 1869
October 6, 1869
Oetober 14, 1869..
October 15, 1809..
October 27, 1869..
October 30, 1869...
October 30, 1809...
November 3, 1809..
November 5, 1869..
November 17, 1809
November 17, 1809
November 20, 1869
November 20, 1809
November 23, 1869
December 9, 1869...
December 12, 1869.
December 17, 1809.
December 17, 1809.
December 17,1809.
December 17, 1869.
December 19, 1809.
December 20, 1SG9.
December 27, 1809.
December 28, 1809.
December 30, 1869.
36
15
15
7
6
16
22
14
30
23
42
17
16
16
27
16
25
14
16
16
11
21
27
16
40
11
16
40
39
13
13
16
23
17
H
26
34
10
15
14
27
30
12
14
16
14i
36
16
19
15.1
15
16
Ireland
California
California
California
California
England
Mexico
England
Ireland
Ireland
California
Michigan
California
Ireland
Vermont
Ohio
California
New York
M.assachusetts
Sandwich Islands.
New Hampshire...
Maryland
Ireland
Vermont
Ireland
California ,
California ,
Canada
Ireland
California
New York
New York ,
Germany
Kentucky
Illinois
Ireland
Ireland
New York
California.,
California
Ireland
Ireland
California
France
New York
California
Newfoundland
Maine
France
New York
California
Mexico
Went to a situation, October 26, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Sent to County Hospital, May 29, 18G9.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by husband, July 2, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Left, September 4, 1869.
Removed by friends, August 28, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Went to a place, August 28, 1869.
Ran away, October 4, 1869.
Removed by brother, September 25, 1869.
Left, August 25, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed, December 20, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Left, December 15, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Returned to her family, October 13, 1869.
Left, November 20, 1869.
Sent to friends in the East, October 30, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Left, December 3, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Left, November 20, 1869.
Left, December 30, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Ran away, December 25, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Removed by friends, December 29, 1869.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
Still in the Asylum.
SUMMARY.
In the Asylum at date of last report (January 1st, 1868)... 76
Admitted since, to date of present report (Januar}' 1st,
1870) 104
Total from January 1st. 1868. to January 1st, 1870
Returned to friends during same period 39
Provided for in various ways during same period 43
Sent to the Almshouse and Hospital during same period... 7
Died during this period 4
Left or sent away during this period (incorrigible) 8
Remaining in the Asylum. January 1st, 1870 79
Total from January 1st, 1868, to January'- Ist, 1870
Discharged prior to last report
Total from opening of the xVsylum.
180
180
237
417
PETITIOISr
FOR THB BELIEF OF THE
Jfrcf ^(\mh 0f t|e IPrescnlatiott Cnntet
CITY OF SAISr FRANCISCO.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
FP^TITIOISr
7'o tlie ITonorahle Senate ami Aasemhli/ of the State of California :
We, tlio uii(lei'siL!;ncd, citizens and taxpayers of the City and Count}'
of San Francisco, do earnestly recommend the passai^'e, by you honorable
bodies, of the bill for the relief of the free schools of the Presentation
Convent of this city and county.
We would respectful!}' urge in support of this measure, that these
schools are purely beneficient institutions, and afford gi"atuitous instruc-
tion to from sixteen hundred to two thousand female pupils, who are, for
the most part, children of poor parents.
We are confident that no bill that has come before your honorable
bodies this session will be more satisfactory to the people at large, than
this one, and that its passage will be bailed with delight by the thousands
whom it will benefit.
Names.
Residence.
0. P Fitzgerald
M. J. O'Connor
John C. Mavnard
Archibald C. Peachy.
li II Sinton
11. A Cobb
J. A Donohoe
J. M. Bennett
Charles D. Carter
Murphy, C-rant & Co.
P. F Loughran k Co.
John Kell>, Jr
Richard Tobin
Geo. K. Gluyas
C. D. O'Sullivan
E. O F. Hastings
A. H. Eose
W. II. Moore
Fj. H. Coe
J Bliixom
1. G. Messec
II, F. Williams
A. J. Moulder
H. B .Tanes
Benj. P. Washington
Superintendent Public Instruction.
09 Front street.
408 Montgomery street.
84 Montgomery block.
509 California street
1418 Powell street.
.526 Harrison street.
1901 Polk street.
410 California street.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
School Director, First Ward.
1030 Mission street.
604 Geary street.
407 California street.
610 O'Farrell street.
622 Clay street.
San Francisco.
PETITION
CITIZENS OF SACRAMENTO
IN RELATION TO THE ERECTION OF A
HOSPITAL IN SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
n. \V. OEMVICKS. STATE PRINTER
i^ETITION
To the Honornhh Lcgulatnre of the State of California :
Gentlemen : In the month of May last, the Sacraincnto Society for
Medical Improvement, moved solelyby a sense of duty to the puljlie,
and a desire to subserve the ends of science and of humanity, addressed
to the Honorable Board of Supervisors of this county the following
communication, hoping thereby to accomplish the object aimed at, as
set forth in the body of the article :
Sacramento, May 5th, 1869.
To the Honorable the Board of Supervisors of Sacramento Count// :
Gentlemen : We, the undersigned, members of the Sacramento .Med-
ical Society, having learned that your honorable bod}^ propose soon to
locate and have constructed a suitable building for the accommodation
and treatment of the indigent sick of the county, and being induced to
presume that, in virtue of our professional familiarity with the subjects
pertaining to the movement contemplated, we may safely venture, with-
out seeming impertinent or oflScious, to make to 3'ou some suggestions
■n reference thereto, we beg leave rcsjiectfull}" to submit our views on
the subject, for such consideration as you may be inclined to give them.
'We are aware that you have recently purchased a piece of land some
tvTo or three miles from the city, WMth the view of establishing thereon
a Poor-house and Hospital, where the sick may be treated and the infirm
supported; the idea being entertained that the work of a considerable
number may be so profitably emploj'cd that the institution may in a
short time become, in a large measure, self-supporting. The motive in
this design is commendable; but we are satisfied that, in jiractice, the
plan would be erroneous and impracticable, for the reason that a large
majority of those admitted are fit subjects for a hospital only, where
they may be treated and then discharged as soon as able to work, to
return to their respective avocations. The few, comparatively, who are
fitter subjects for an almshouse, who would i-emain for any considerable
length of time, and from whom only work could be expected, are gen-
erall}' afllicted with impaired vision, or are so infirm, from age or paral-
ysis, as to be incapacitated for labor. As much as can be reasonably
expected from Vne entire number of inmates is sufficient assistance to
the employes to keep the premises in a cleanly condition and cultivate
a vegetable garden large enough to supply from its jiroducts the wants
of the house. This is the unanimous and decided opinion of the three
members of our society who have had charge of the present hospital
from its founding, in Januar}', eighteen hundred and fifty-.six, with the
exception of a few months, to the present time — their 0[)inion being
based upon their actual observations and experience. \Ve are con-
strained, therefore, to believe that the plan contemplated, for the reasons
stated, is not feasible. Besides, a hospital situated on any one of the
county roads would not accommodate the country, generally, so well as
one in the city, where the roads all centre. And, as a matter of
economy, wo are satisfied that a city location is decidedly preferable,
the difference in the item of transportation in wagons or carriages, in
favor of the shorter distance, being alone sufficient to lessen materially
the aggregate expense. But we propose to base our objections to the
plan and site contemplated by you, and our preference for another, upon
higher grounds — the welfare of the unfortunates whose circumstances
may comi)el them to accept the benefits of a public charity. To fulfil
or accomplish this object, we suggest that a hospital, suited to the
present and future wants of the countj^, be located within the city
limits, on some one of the several elevated points near its eastern border,
any one of which would be sufficiently accessible, and at the same time so
situated as to admit of thorough drainage — a thing of the highest
importance to the health and success of such an establishment. We
maintain that the institution should be of easy access to the sick and
injured, to lessen, as far as practicable, the pain and other injurious
effects attending removal ; and as the majority of the cases admitted
arise in the city, particularly^ those resulting from violence or accident,
the argument in favor of the site proposed, is rendered the stronger.
But the location should be accessible to the public likewise, many of
whom desire, from time to time, from one motive or another, to visit
the place or the sick there confined ; and still more important is it that
it should be so to the regular medical attendant, who must be more or
less in the city, as well as to other practitioners, whose gratuitous ser-
vices may often be required in cases of unusual interest and importance,
demanding consultation and assistance. The location selected by your
honorable body, although not suitable, in our opinion, for a hospital, may
be available years hence for a poor-house, or for other similar purpose;
or it may be disposed of, at your discretion, and the proceeds employee
in the purchase of another site.
This paper was received, read and placed on file, but no heed given to
its suggestions. Being aware that steps are being taken to carry cut
the original design of the Board of Supervisors, alluded to in the ccm-
munication just quoted, and deeming its consummation a thing to be
deplored, we are constrained to appeal to you, as the immediate repre-
sentatives of the people, to procure such legislative action as may be
necessary to compass the purpose sought by us, Avithout avail, in another
quarter. Before proceeding further, we will state that, in addition to
the reasons already advanced against a country, and in favor of a city
location, there are others of a cogent nature suggested to our minds.
One IS, that a large number of the indigent sick" who now, and may
hereafter, for themselves and their families, obtain treatment and med-
icines gratuuou.sly. as out-door patients, at the Dispensary connected
with the hospital, would be deprived of the benefits of that arrange-
ment 1 the hospital were distant; and that circumbtance would neces-
sitate the establishment of a City Dispensary, and the employment of a
qualified apothecary, at considerable cost, or impose a very large addi-
tional burden on the Howard Association, whose fund even now is taxed
quite sufficiently. Another reason is, that the County Physician could
not, as novy, attend the sick at the City and County Prisons, and furnish
them medicines, as a part of his duty, were he at a distance in the
country; nor could he, for the same reason, perform promptly, if at all,
tho numerous post-mortem examinations required by the Coroner, thus
rendering it incumbent upon the public authorities to provide for such
duties or exigencies at still further extra expense.
Other reasons might be offered in support of our position, but we will
not lengthen this paper by stating them. We would respectfully sug-
gest, in conclusion, that while ])roviding by legislation a fund to build
and furnish a suitable hospital to meet the present or future wants of
the city and count}- — both rapidl}' increasing in population and import-
ance— you, at the same time, appoint a Commission of Physicians and
other citizens, to select a site for the building within the city limits, and
provide for the condemnation and appraisement of the ground for public
uses, thereby sweeping awa}' all difficulty as 'o title or an exorbitant
price for the property required. Wo would also suggest that the same
Commission be authorized, after advertising for plans and specifications.
to adopt, at their discretion, such plan as they may deem best suited to
our needs, embracing all the modern and most approved features in the
design and architecture of general hospitals, the entire cost not to
exceed a prescribed limit.
Signed : THOMAS M. LOGAN, M. D.
JOS. F. MONTGOMERY, M. D.
G. J. PHELAN, M. D.
G. L. SIMMONS, M. D.
EDWARD R. TAYLOR, M. D
JOSEPH M. FREY, M. D
IRA E. OATMAN, M. D.
F. W. HATCH, M. D
GERRARD GEO. TYRRELL, M. D.
S. P. THOMAS, M. D.
W. R CLUNESS, M. D.
H. L. NICHOLS, M. D.
W T. WYTHE. M. D.
S. W. BLACKWOOD, M. D.
A. TRAFTON, M. D
C. S. HASWELL, M. D.
We, the undersigned, citizens and taxpayers of the Cit}^ and County
of Sacramento, agreeing in the views expressed in the foregoing papers,
cordially unite in the petition for such legislative and other action, as
may be necessary to carry them out practically.
ROBT. C. CLARK,
JOHN W. REEVES,
O. SCUDDER,
JEROME MADDEN,
JOHN McCLINTOCK,
B. F. CONNOLLY,
W. P. MICHENER,
W. H. HARRON,
JOHN E. IIARLOR,
J. P. LOWELL,
A. C SWEETSER,
E. K. ALSIP,
And many others.
p E T I r I o ]sr
IN REFERENCE TO
ESTABLISHING A PUBLIC LAW LIBRARY
SA.lsr FRA-NOISCO
nlgasHnHBBcanHBaiHaHBBaBHi^isBaaBUEasnBa
D. W. GELWICKS, STATE PRINTER.
PETITION
To the Honorable the Legislature of the Slate of California :
The memorial of the undersigned, Judges and Members of the Bar of
the City and County of San Francisco, respectfully shows:
That a large portion of the litigation of the State of California is
confined to its metropolis, the said city and county, which has. a popu-
lation of one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, and constitutes a
commercial, mercantile and mechanical centre, containing within its
local limits a Circuit and District Court of the United States, three State
District Courts, a County Court, a Probate Court, a Police Court, and a
Court of five Justices of the Peace, all of which tribunals are contin-
ually occupied in the determination of cases and the decision of legal
rights arising in and affecting that community.
That owing to the increase, accumulation and extent of the legal
interests and the litigation aforesaid, and to obtain a proper adjudica-
tion by the Courts aforesaid, of contested rights, it has become an indis-
pensable necessit}', as well for the uses of the bench, as of the bar, and
the municipal officers of said city and count}', and the promotion of the
public interests, that a law library should exist therein, to which its legal
and municipal officers can have access, at all times, for the purpose of
private examination of authorities, and their production, when requisite,
in the said Courts.
That the private law libraries within said city and county are only
serviceable to their respective owners, and for obvious reasons, are una-
vailable for public uses.
That there now exists in said cit,y and county an association or society,
duly incorporated under the nameof the San Francisco Law Library,
which has already secured, and now possesses, a collection of about two
thousand volumes of legal treaties and reports, amounting in value to
about ten thousand dollars, which it has long been hoped would, through
its growth and increase, subserve the purposes sought to be attained by
this memorial; but, unfortunately, the result has proved that said insti-
tution (depending, as it does, for its support and development upon
private enterprise), cannot be sustained from individual contributions,
and its Trustees and stockholders have, therefore, determined to con-
Iribulu the said collection to Biicb incorporution as your lionorable body
may create for tbc cstablisbmont of a permanent and public law library
in tbc said city and counly, framed substantially upon tbe principles and
metbod set fortb in tbe ])roposcd Act of tbe Legislature, bercwitb pre-
sented to your bonorable body, and sucb as is solicited by tbis memorial.
Your memorialists, tbcrefore, pray tbat your bonorable body will pass
tbc Act proposed, witb sue: moditication?. if any, as to your wisdom
ehall seem meet, at an early day. aiic' tbus provide for a great and con-
htantl}- increasing jjublic want.
And your memorialists \w\\\ ever pray, etc.
Lorenzo Sawver,
Jobn T. Doyie,
Ogden Hoffman,
Samuel H. Dwinelle,
E. D. Sawyer,
R. E. Provines,
Selden S. Wrigbt,
E. W. McXinstry,
O. C. Pratt,
J. McM.Sb after,
William Barber,
H. I). Scripture.
John S. Bugbec,
Wilson & (/rittenden,
S. lievdenieldt,
W. VV Cope,
Emmet iN: (jailagher,
Hayes, Stanly & Hayes,
Quint & Hai'dy,
Winans k Belknap,
Jarboe it Harrison,
Daniel Rogers.
James I^oger Booll),
J. B. Crockett.
James C Pennie,
George Leviston,
Oscar T Sbuck,
T. W. Taliaferro,
P. B. Ladd,
Thomas H. Selby,
J.N. Hoge,
McAllister & Bergin,
Campbell, Fox & Campbell,
Hambleton &. Gordon.
H. S. JJrown,
Henr}' E. Highton,
William H. L Barnes,
Samuel J. (Jiarke,
Milton Andros,
S. F. & S. Reynolds,
Delos Lake.
I) P. Barstow
Bishop <t (iei'ald.
R. C. Rogers,
N. J. Potier,
J. W. Harding,
H. F. ('rane.
E. Cook,
Edw. F. McCarthy,
Wm. W Cbipman,
Eugene Lies.
James 1). Tboi-nton,
Jobn J. Williams.
Marcus P. Wiggin.
William Hale,^^
M. A. Edmonds.
Porter & Holladay,
Thomas J. Drum,
Jabish Clement,
R. P. Clement.
Gaben D. Hail.
H. Cook,
James C. Zabriskic,
H. Rix,
E. B. Drake,
Edw. G. Batcheior,
W H. Aiken, •
J. M.Seawell.
John G. Roche,
F. C. M. DuBrutz,
James .McCabc,
John B. Dilley,
Chai'les E. Wilson,
T. K. Wilson.
Earl Bartlett,
N. B. MulviUe,
J. D. Thomson,
M (;. Hasseit.
J. Mee.
J. A. Woodson.
Henry B. Janes,
William Higby,
J. F. Cowdery,
H. M. Hastings,
D. O. Kclley,
Clarence F. Townsend.
G. F. & Wm, H. Sharp.
John Hunt. Ji*..
F. P. Dann,
(rrey <fc Brandon.
Alexsirider Campbell,
(.'alhouu Benham,
John B. Fellon.
Sidney V. Smith,
Prin^Ie & Pringle.
Sharp &, Lloyd,
James B. Townsend.
George & Loughborough,
.McCullough & Boyd.
Fi-edeiick A. Sawyer,
Jarnes C. Cary,
Barstow, Stetson & Houghton,
Sharpsteiii & Hastings,
Cowles & Drown,
Robert F. Morrison.
F. A. Fabens,
Byrne & Freelon.
Go'irire W. Tyler,
Wm. L. Hyland,
Wm. P. Daingerfield.
M. C. Blake,
Julius C McCenev.
W. ]) Sawyer.
('. WiLtram,
Wm. H Patterson,
A M. Cr;ine.
E. O. F. Hastin-^s.
Alfred Rising,
S. H. Henry,
II. A. Redman,
J. P. Dameron,
William >L Piersoii,
C. H. Parker,
Presley Denny,
M. Bergin.
P. G Buchan,
R. Thompson,
John L. Love,
William H. McGrew,
J. VV. Carter,
William Leviston,
R. G. Rowley,
Joseph Vaiidor,
R S. Clyde,
James F. Hubbard,
C Burbank,
Alfred Rix.
Theodore H. Hittell,
M. G. Cobb,
James M. TajMor,
George A. Nourse.
A. William.'^.
J. C. Bales.
C. F. Craddock,
\v. ^Y Stow.
T. J. Crowley.
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON STATE UNIVERSITY
TO WHOM WAS REFERRED
MEMORIAL OF THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE
S^N FEA.NOISOO.
D. W. GELWICKS STATE PRINTER.
R E F» O R T.
Senate Chamber, February lOtb, 1870.
Mr. President: The Committee on the State University, to whom
was referred the memorial of the Mechanfcs' Institute of the City of
San Francisco, praying that the Colleges of Mines. Agriculture, Engi-
neering and Mechanical Arts connected with the University of Califor-
nia, and now located at Berkeley, may be established in the City of
San Francisco, have bad the same under consideration, and now respect-
fully report :
That the University was located at Berkeley by a most competent
and intelligent Board of Commissioners, after manj- months of careful
examination and investigation, and such location was subsequently
approved and ratified by the Legislature of the State;
That by reason of such location, and as a condition thereof, one hun-
dred and sixty acres of land was given to the State, now worth nearly
or quite two hundred thousand dollars, and the State accepted the same,
and pledged its faith for the fulfilment of such conditions;
Tiiat in full reliance upon tbe fulfilment of the said conditions b}- the
State, the College of California has transferred its students to the Uni-
versity, and prepared to, if it has not already disincorporated and gone
out of existence ;
That citizens of the State, acting upon the faith thus pledged, and
desiring to secure the educational and other advantages that will attach
to the University, have purchased homesteads in its immediate vicinit}',
at prices largely increased by reason thereof, and that the sums so
invested are much more than half a million of dollars;
That a railroad has been completed nearly half way from Oakland to
the University grounds, and that the residue will be constructed before
the building can be read}- for use ; that the same has been undertaken
solel}' to provide the means of speedy and ea.sy access to the University,
and but for its location there, would not have been commenced;
That nearly or quite titty thouf^uid dollars of the funds of the Uni-
versity have been exj^ended in jjrocuring additional and necessary land,
in securing a j^erjietual and abundant supph' of water, in planting trees,
making roads, laying foundations and ])repaiing to erect the necessary
buildings for the University;
That an area of more than five thousand acres of land has been
advanced in market vahie. more than one hundred dollars per aere,
and some of it more than five hundred dollars per acre, by reason of the
location of the University, and that much more than one million dollars
has thus been added to the available value of pi'operty of citizens of the
State ;
That one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, donated by the
General Government for the establisment of an Agricultural College,
have been transferred to and now form a very large jiart of the endow-
ment of the University; that said lands are of the value of half a mil-
lion of dollars and upwards, and that the condition upon wliich they
were given requires a large farm, as an indispensable adjunct to the
University.
If the Universit}' should now be removed from Berkeley, or be so
weakened by division as to greatly impair its usefulness, these large
donations would either revert to the donors or be held by technical
legalities, in defiance of equitable or moral right; and the large sums
invested on the faith of the action of the State, or added to the value
of the adjacent propertj- by the general confidence in its. integrity,
would be wholly lost.
Your committee are therefore forced to the conclusion that the location
of the Univ'ersit}^ at Berkeley has become a matter of ])uljHc faith, that
cannot be altered or interfered with without dishonor; that to attempt
to locate one portion of the University there and another in San Fran-
cisco would be to render each division worthless; that a much larger
Faculty would be; required; that the students attending one portion of
the University would be deprived of the benefit of the other part; that
libx-ary and cabinets must be doubled, or each be wholly incomplete;
that the government of the University would be kept vibrating between
the two divisions, or else give up its functions and leave each to take
care of itself; that unity of system and concert of action would thus be
rendered impossible, and the influence, efficacy and power of the Uni-
versity for good would be greatly weakened, if not entirel}- destro\'ed.
Your committee have loojied in vain to the argumetts of the memo-
rial for answers to these grave objections. They have not been led by
their experience in life to expect that mechanics and artisans engaged
in the daily and arduous labors of their respective callings are to furnish
the students of the Univcrsit}', nor do they suppose that it is the inten-
tion of the people of the State to found only, or chiefly, an "evening
school." When the classes referred to in the memorial appreciate and
seek the knowledge that the University will ofl'er them, they will find
their highest improvement in withdrawing for a time from the noise
and turmoil of the great cit}^ and giving up their whole minds to the
object they have in view, in the quiet seclusion of Berkeley.
The committee are compelled to remember that mechanics and artisans
are not to be the (mJy students of the University. To make the change
desired, on their account, would be to expose the large number of young
men that are the most likely to seek education in the University to all
the temptations and dangers of a great city. Prudent fathers would
hesitate before they w^ould subject their sons to such hazards, and it
might well be that for every one tha^, would make a convenience of the
University for their spare hours, if the removal was made, ten who
would have sought it for thorough ed ication would be be kept awa}'.
Increased expense and greater exposure would attend upon every step
of those who should be removed with it to the hurr}- and bustle of the
great city.
In rcfereneo to the department of agriculture, the incongruity of the
proposed change is too obvious to require comment.
The committee, while they disclaim all reflections upon the tuotives
of the memorialists, cannot avoid calling attention to the injur)- that is
done to the University b}- efl'orts to unsettle its location. More than
any other interest of the State, it requires to be left to take root where
it has been planted. It will need all its strength for its own growth
and development, without being paralyzed or weakened by an}' eff'ort to
tear it up, at every suggestion of individual preference or local selfish-
ness. Its roots must strike deep, and spread wide, if the coming gener-
ations, for whom we work, are to find in its shades the academic groves
where science, in its best development, shall walk hand in hand with
true art; where philosophy shall teach, even as it learns, its ever-
advancing lessons; and where, for the first time on earth, a great State
shall offer to each of its citizens the highest and noblest education, as
free as the water they drink or the air they breathe.
Believing that the time has come when the best interests of the
University and of the State require that this question should be put for-
ever at rest, the committee have thought it their duty to thus investi-
gate the whole matter, and to recommend the passage of the following
resolution :
Resolved, That the location of the State University at Berkeley was
made for such consideration, and under such circumstances, that the
interest and the honor of the State alike forbid its removal.
GWIN, Chairman.
MEMiORI A^L
Whereas, In llie Act creating an Agricultural, Mining and Mechanical
Arts College, and tbat creating and endowing the University of Cali-
fornia, and establishing therein the several Colleges of Mines, Agri-
culture, Engineering and the Mechanical Arts, the Legislature have
wisely recognized the importance to the people of this State of the
special cultivation and development of those branches of learning
Avhich are particularly connected with the useful arts, and affect mosi
closely the interests of mechanics and the industrial classes generally;
and whereas, in order that the Universit}- should attain any consider-
able degree of usefulness to those classes, and thus realize the benefi-
cent intentions of the Legislature in their behalf, it is indispensable
that those Colleges should be located in some centre of population
and industry, where the parties to be benefited by special and partial
courses of instruction may have access to the library, museum and
laboratory of the University, and an opportunity to attend its courses
of lectures, w'ithout thereby abandoning their ordinary and necessary
daily pursuits ;
Besolvc'd, That the establishment of the Colleges of applied science
above referred to, at Berkeley, will operate to exclude from their bene-
fits all persons except the very small number of j'ouths whose parents
have the means and inclination to incur the heavy expenditure incident
to a residence in that immediate vicinity; and as such persons may
naturally be expected to give preference to the academic, or merel}"
literary course of studies, the Colleges of applied science, if established
at Berkeley, will become practically useless to the public
Resolved, That the Cit}' of San Francisco embraces within its popu-
lation a larger body of mechanics and working people than any locality
in the State, while at the same time, in its numerou*workshops, facto-
ries, etc., it offers the best opportunity for students to witness the
practical application of scientific instruction to the various pursuits of
industry, for which reason we are of 9pinion that the Colleges of
a]>plied science in the University of California should be located in some
central part of the city.
licsolved, That we rcspectfull}'' memorialize the Legislature to pass an
Act locating the Colleges of Mines, Agriculture, Civil and Mechanical
Engineering and Mechanical Arts in this cit}', and devoting (with the
cont^ent of the city authorities) one of the public squares for the erection
of the necessary buildings therefor.
THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE.
Per A. S. Hallidie, President.
San Francisco, January' 25th, 1870.
The above memorial was unanimously ndopted at the special meeting
ol the Board of Trustees of the Mechanics' Institute. January twenty-
fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy, and referred to the President for
presentation.
[seal.] GEO. PARDY. Secretary
REPORT OF SENATE COMMITTEE
MINES AND MINING INTERESTS
RELATIVE TO
SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 6,
AND ASSExMBLY SUBSTITUTE THEREFOR.
D. W. GELWIOKS, STATE PRINTER.
B E P» O K T.
Mr. President : The Committee on Mines and Mining Interests, to
whom was referred Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 6, and Assembly
substitute therefor, beg leave to report :
That, whilst your committee unanimously favor the adoption of con-
current resolutions relative to the subject matter contained in the
Assembly substitute, they consider such substitute as relating to entirely
a different branch of the subject contained in Senate Concurrent Eesolu-
tion No. 6. The latter is confined solely to the subdivision of mineral
lands into ten acre tracts, and the sale thereof, in the usual manner, to
the parties entitled to the possession, in like manner, and at the price
of agricultural lands .in those portions of the State where the public
lands have been survej'ed, and thus opened to private sale under the
pre-emption and homestead laws of the United States. The objects
thus to be accomplished are:
F'irst — The acquirement of title to the mineral lands within those
counties, when the lands are sectionized, and where the people desire
title to the mineral lands in such shape and quantit}' as will cover the
gravel mining claims of the claimant to the extent allowed by the local
rules, in total amount not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres.
Second — To secure an easy and satisfactory segregation of the agri-
cultural and mineral lands adjacent to each other, to the mutual satis-
faction and accommodation of farmer and miner.
Third — Placing the mineral lands, as to price, upon an equal footing
with agricultural lands.
Fourth — Permitting the miner to obtain title from the United States
Government in a cheap and expeditious manner, by allowing him to
prove his possession and occupancy, and to obtain his patent, in the
same manner and upon the same terms as the pre-emptioner ; and
Fifth — Lessening, in a great degree, the enormous cost and expense,
as well as saving greatly in time, trouble and attention, now necessarily
expended by the miner in procuring a patent to his mining claims.
The Senate resolution is thus confined solely to one branch of the
subject, and relates only to a disposition of the mineral lands, as con-
templated in the proposed amendment to the Act of Congress, entitled
an Act granting the right of waj' to canal and ditch owners, etc., now
pending in Congress, which amendment is commonly known as the
"vSargent Bill."
The Assembly substitute relates to entirely different matters or dif-
ferent branches of the same general subject matter, viz : to a grant
therein requested from the Government of the United States, of all the
mountain lands in the State, both mineral and agricultural, in trust, for
the benefit of the several counties within which thc}^ lie; and can hardly
be considered a proper substitute for the resolution as adopted by the
Senate.
Your committee desire that Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 6 shall
be sustained, in order that Congress may understand the views of the
Legislature of this State upon the propriety of the passage of the so
called "Sargent Bill," already referred to, as a proposition separate and
distinct from any other, and would unanimously ^gree in recommending
the adoption also of the Assembly substitute, as a separate and inde-
pendent proposition.
Your committee therefore recommend that the Senate do not concur
in the Assembly substitute, for the reason that the adoption of the
latter, in the manner and form as now presented, would be the defeat of
the original proposition presented in Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 6.
IMPORTANT CHANGES
PILOT system:
PROPOSED BV
SE:Nr^TE BILL NO. 255.
D. W. GELWIOKS, STATE PRINTER
PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE PILOT SYSTEM.
Senate Bill No. 255 proposes the following important changes in the
pilot system :
First — It gives the appointment of Commissioners to the Governor
instead of to the Board of Underwriters and the Chamber of Commerce.
Second — It reduces the rates of pilotage very materially.
Third — It licenses steam tugs to do pilot service.
FIEST.
The appointment of Commissioners it is eminently proper to give to
the Governor, because he is responsible for his appointments. He ma}'
seek what sources of information he pleases, but he has no one to share
the responsibility of his acts, and will be apt to find the best men and
get the credit of good appointments, and escape the blame of bad ones.
If it is objected that appointments will be made from political consid-
erations, the danger is not greater to the State than in the case of any
other oflScers.
There is no reason w^hy there should not be good Democratic or good
Kepublican pilots as well as good Democratic or Republican Judges. A
Governor should not, in either case, prefer politics to merit. In New
Jersey the appointment of Pilot Commissioners is given to the (Jovcrnor,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
SECOND.
None but the pilots are blind to the necessity of a reduction of the
present rates of pilotage. The enormous tax of one hundred and three
thousand six hundred and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-two cents was
paid last year for entering this harbor. The whole State is interested
in relieving commerce of a part of this tax, and especially as it will be
found not only to be excessive in amount, but so distributed as to defeat
in a great measure, the purposes for which it is levied.
It is excessive in amount because, after deducting five per cent, lor the
Commissioners, it gives to each one of the fifteen pilots five hundred and
forty-seven dollars and twenty-nine cents per month for services not
more hazardous, and certainly less absorbing, than those lor which
masters of coasting vessels receive only one hundred dollars per month.
The following letters show the rates of wages paid by four large ship
owners of San Francisco:
San Francisco, January 26th, 1870.
This is to certify that we are paying to the Captains of the following
vessels belonging to us, one hundred dollars per month : Bark Tidal
Wave, bark North West, bark Oakland, bark Gold Hunter, bark Chas.
Mitchell, bark Wm. H. Gawley, ship Coquimbo.
[Signed] MEIGS & GAWLEY.
San Francisco, January 26th, 1870.
To whom it may concern :
This is to certify that the Avages of shipmasters in our employ are
one hundred dollars per month.
[Signed] ADAMS, BLINN & CO.
Per Ball.
San Francisco, January 26th, 1870.
Calvin Paige, Esq. :
Dear Sir : In answer to your inquiries, \\q beg to sa}^ we pay all our
Captains ($100) one hundred per month wages, which is the ruling
wages for masters of sailing vessels out of this port.
We remain, yours truly,
POPE & TALBOT.
Per Bert.
San Francisco, January 26th, 1870.
Dear Sir : Agreeable to your request to know the going wages for
masters of sailing vessels out of this port, we have to say that we pay
one hundred dollars per month, and think that is the going wages for
masters of sail vessels engaged in the coasting trade.
Yours, respectively,
GOODALL & NELSON.
Eates of insurance are the best test of tiic risks of any sea service.
And it appears that the service for which the pilots receive such exces-
sive compensation, as compared with other masters, is far less hazardous.
Office of the Board of Marine Underwriters op
San Francisco, 318 California Street,
San Francisco, January 28th, 1870.
Calvin Paige., Esq. :
Dear Sir : In answer to your questions of this date, I can inform you
that the rate of premium charged by the insurance companies of this city
on pilot boats is as follows :
If rated A 1 or A 1 — 10 per cent, per jinnuin.
11" rated A l\ or A 1] — |ll per cent, per aiiniirn.
If rated A 2 12 per cent. ])er an mini.
Reint; the same rates that are chai't^eable to vessels of the largest
class employed in deep sea voyai^es, and but little more than half as
much as we would charge on the same vessels employed to outside
lumber and produce ports north of San Francisco.
I remain, yours trul}',
C. T. HOPKINS,
Secretary Board Marine Underwriters of San Francisco and President
California Insurance Company.
It is true that the enormous disparity of compensations here developed
is liable to some deduction on the part of the pilots for capital invested
and labor employed. By arrangement among the pilots, twenty per
cent, of the gross earnings are appropriated to what is called the Boat
Fund ; that is, to the support and maintenance of four small sail-boats,
one of which is laid up, and three of which are manned bj^ three hands
and a cook each. These employes receive in the aggregate about four
thousand five hundred dollars a year, leaving the whole balance of
the Boat Fund to go to the account of the small capital invested and
the expenses of the pilots themselves. With the exception of about
four thousand five hundred dollars paid to the boat hands and cooks,
every attempt to figure down the compensation of the pilots is only
changing the form of the accoxint. They make the result look less by pro-
viding for all the payment of all possible expenses, and even then they
leave a snug balance for a bank account. Many less favored personages
are satisfied to have receipts meet expenses.
This large compensation, and the j^resent manner of its distn'hution, destroy
the efficacy of the jnlot system. The small number of the recipients of this
bounty has enabled them to make themselves a close cox'poration, and to
distribute ^)ro rata all the earnings. Given a certainty of compensation,
with equality of distribution, and the result is sure to be an absence of
individual enterprise and exertion. Elsewhere the prizes of pilotage
have been to the hardy mariner cruising in extended circles, at New
York, from three hundred to four hundred miles from the port, one
vicing with the other in enterprise, daring and ex})0sure — tem})ting
commerce to tax itself to furnish large gains for an extra hazardous
service. But here our system has produced a result how different.
Make their gains very safe and very large, and divide them equally
among the indolent as well as the active, and, as long as there is an}'
human nature in pilots, the active will become indolent and the indolent
more so. Let every man feel, when he is in the face of danger or hard-
ship, that he is working, not for his ovvn wife and children alone, but for
fourteen other wives and children also, and you take nerve from his
arm and vigor from his brain.
Under the workings of the present pilot law, the results of this
system are manifest. During the last year nineteen vessels came into
the harbor without meeting a pilot. In eighteen hundred and sixty-
eight, the ship Orion failed to meet a pilot and came in without one.
And it appears by a published letter of her Captain, that on her late
voyage, when her crew was down with scurvy, before the ship w-as
driven to San Diego, she had come within fifty miles of San Francisco.
Fifty miles is beyond our pilot grounds, and it is no fault of the ])ilots
not to have seen her, but they would have seen her under any other
system than ours. This is just one of the cases which a good pilot
system is calculated to meet. Large gains are held out, that pilots in
seeking for them, may do more than their mere duty. We cannot com-
pel pilots to cruise out fifty miles, but we would stimulate them to do
so. During the last eight years the following vessels have been lost in
and about this harbor, not having been able to get pilots :
1862 — Ship Noonday, on Fanny shoal, twenty-eight miles.
1862 — Peruvian vessel Eliza Kniper, at ITalf-Moon Bay, twenty miles.
1863 — Ship Bengal, Port Eeyes, twenty-eight miles.
1863 — Eussian steam corvette Norvich, Port Eeyes.
1865 — Bark John Franklin, Pigeon Point, thirty-five miles.
1866— Bark Coyo, Pigeon Point.
1869— Bark Brignadello, Cliff House.
The value of these vessels and cargoes is not far short of two million
dollars. Most of these vessels were lost outside of what is strictly the
pilot ground, and the pilots are not technically in fault; but is it proba-
ble that any of these losses would have happened if we had adopted a
system tending to scatter its pilots abroad in search of vessels, instead
of making them lie like the spider in wait for its prey? The losses of
these vessels illustrate completely the evils of our respectable, easy-
going pilot system, to which a distance of twenty-eight or thirty miles
from the harbor is an unknown sea. The pilots' excuse to these vessels
is not much better than that of the precise and technical Englishman,
who excused himself for not having helped a drowning man by saying
that he had never been introduced to him.
Unhappih^ in the history of the pilots themselves, ttiere is an illustra-
tion of the evils of their system. Under their present organization, only
one boat is on the cruising ground at a time. After one boat has
remained out a certain length of time, she comes in and is relieved b}-
another. When it came to the turn of the Caleb Curtis, she was not on
the ground in due season, and a vessel having signalled for a pilot, she
attempted to go out after her, in heav}' weather, and was lost. With
her were lost two pilots, to whom, under those circumstances, we must
give credit for great bravery rather than great discretion. We may say
of them as was said of the charge of the six hundred — " It is magnifi-
cent, but it is not good piloting."
Eemembering that a division of profits is accompanied by a division
of labor, and bearing in mind the fact that the force of pilots usually on
duty docs not exceed six, it is easy to estimate how little labor and
hardshi]> the service thus divided involves, and how the system leads
inevilahl}', with its plethora of profits, to a paucity of perils.
Tested by the ordinary rules of men's conduct, there is no doubt that
the present system is the best that could possibly be devised to encourage
inaction.
TIIIED.
The bill proposes to license stoam tugs to do pilot service. This is
only to legislate up to the facts, because the steam tugs now actually do
a great part of the ])ilot service. The necessities of commerce have cast
upon the steam tugs in this harbor, partly from the need of quick dis-
patch, and ])artly from the difficulty of getting out of the harbor, the
towage of the great mass of outgoing vessels. The statistics of the last
two months of eighteen hundred and sixty-nine show that one hundred
and sixteen outgoing vessels were towed out and only twenty-one ves-
sels, exclusive of coasters, went out under sail, and not one ship failed to
take steam. We must accept these facts and legislate to meet them,
not to combat them. If we were legislating in the interests of the
pilots we might attempt to force the steam tugs out of ser^^ce, but as we
are presumed to legislate in the interests of commerce, we must give
heed to what commerce is doing and strive to give it due direction.
Hence it is important, in view of the actual facts, to license the steam
tugs, for the following reasons :
First — It will give security to commerce by ensuring a good class of
steam tugs to which Captains may safely commit their vessels, just as
attorneys get licenses and doctors diplomas, for the securit}' of the
public. Require a rigid insjiection of tug and master, and protect commerce
from the loeah and incajjahle ones.
Second — It will enable vessels to keep within their policies of insurance
without exti'a and unnecessary expense. Many of the foreign policies
expressly require vessels to take a pilot while on pilot grounds, and
where domestic policies do not contain such a clause it is still a dangerous
responsibility for a Captain to assume, taking a tug without a pilot, for in
case of disaster he must prove that he had used due precaution in the
selection of his tug, which it may not be easy for him to do in a strange
port, where he cannot have the official sanction of a license to guide him.
The fact that masters are every day assuming these risks and taking
steam tugs without pilots, is a very strong proof of the absolute necessity
of tugs to do the service of the harbor.
TJiird — It must be more economical, because steam tugs are habitually
employed to dock vessels after they have arrived, and to take them into
the stream when they are loaded and ready for sea, and this bill includes
this docking and taking into the stream in the pilot service, without
extra charge. In fact, the bill, it will be seen, proposes to reduce three
separate charges to one. A vessel now, to keep within her insurance,
must pay the following charges : she takes a steam tug to dock her and
haul her into the stream, at a cost of about twenty-five dollars each;
then she must have a tug to tow her out, and a pilot for form's sake.
These three services are included in the present hill at a cost less, hy thirty per
cent., than the present pilotage alone. As a matter of fact, the present pilot
rates are so excessive that a vessel cannot pay ail these charges, and the
pilots, knowing it, generally agree to furnish steam to an outgoing vessel.
They then employ the tugs, giving them a part of their pilotage, and
the result is that the steam tugs do the work and the pilots get the lion's
share of the pay, for doing nothing, merely for the protection of their
license. A necessary tendency of such a system is that the pilot seeks the
cheapest tug he can find, and the vessel feeling secure in the hands of a
licensed pilot, submits herself without fear of forfeiting her insui-ancc.
Fourth — It will stimulate the pilots to cruise after vessels. At present
8
they lie in wait for them at and around the Heads j for with their present
monopoly and division of profits there is no reason why they should do
more. But let steam tugs enter into competition with them, and we shall
have the best j)iIot system in the world, the sails stimulated to enterprise
and activity, the steam ready for the exigencies of the bar and harbor.
Fifth — It will distribute into profitable channels a part of the wealth now
lavished upon individuals. The present pilot fees go into the pockets of
fifteen individuals, who em])loy three small boats and twelve men all
told. The pilot fees that will be earned by the steam tugs will go to the
mechanics and laborers who are making and constantly repairing
machinery and hulls of costly tugs, to the coal which is dug in our mines
and pays fifty cents a ton to our Avharves, to the six or eight men
employed on each tug boat, and to the interest on large capital invested j
so that the p^'ofit which finally reaches the pocket of the owner is almost
nothing as compared with the ample fund of net profit which the pilot
now delights in. Surely, if the other reasons for encouraging the steam
tugs were less strong, this consideration alone ought to divert at least a
part of the pilot fund to turn it from the unprofitable to the profitable
quarter. Now, it caters to luxury ; then, it would feed industry.
Sixth — It will protect commerce from the salvage claims of the tugs,
which, if unlicensed, are at liberty to take advantage of the necessities
of the vessels in the harbor, and demand their own termd for assistance
rendered in emergency. One of the most important provisions of the
bill is that which prohibits any licensed steam tug from libelling for
salvage in the harbor, unless in cases of actual stranding, allowing to
the tug such compensation only as may be determined on by arbitration.
This most wholesome and salutory provision can only be made eifectual
and legal by the expedient of licensing the tugs. Ordinarily a person
is entitled to demand such compensation for the services of his tug as he
pleases, and he cannot be deprived of his remedy in the Courts. But if
a tug accei^ts a license to do pilot service in the harbor, the law may
affix to the service rendered under such license such compensation as it
deems just, and it may prescribe what duties shall be included within
the compensated service. If a tug prefers not to accent a license, it may
prey upon commerce unrestrained of law. But it is probable that the
regular pilotage compensation will be more remunerative than the occa-
sional salvage.
Seventh — It will stimulate steam tugs to be constantly ready at the calls
of commerce, will give them an interest in preventing rather than
assisting disaster, and by encouraging a more frequent use of them by ves-
sels, will save many unnecessary risks. And this, indeed, will be a great
source of security to commerce, for in dangerous weather on a bar
the steam tug pilotage service is by far the most safe and reliable.
The following letter of a Captain of great experience indicates the
true value of a tug on this bar :
San li'RANCisco, January Slst, 1870.
To Calvin Paiye, Est[. :
Sir : Having had over ten years experience in this and other barred
harbors, I am decidedly of opinion that steam tug boats are safer on
the San Francisco bar for pilotage than sail pilot boats, chiefly for two
reasons :
First — Because there are frequently rollers and a heavy swell on the
9
bar when there is no wind for a sail boat to avoid danger or to make
headway by ; and
Secoiu/ — Because in all weathers a steamboat can keep her head to the
sea. and can slow oif when seas are heavy, or take advantage of the
best moments of calm to make headway.
Your obedient servant,
[Signed]
JACOB COUSINS,
Master of Ship W. Libbey.
These are some of the considerations which had Induced our leading
authorities in these matters in San Francisco to indorse fully the project
of licensing the steam tugs. Mr. Fletcher, agent of the New York
Board of Underwriters, Mr. Bacon, agent of the Boston Board, and Mr.
Jonathan Hunt, President of the Pacific Insurance Corapan}', are
indorsement enough for the project. Their opinions follow :
Hon. J. S. Hager
San Francisco, January 19th, 1870.
Dear Sir: I thoroughly approve the policy of licensing steam tugs to
do pilot service for the harbor of San Francisco, which I see j-ou desire
to inaugurate. I believe that such a measure would prove a most valu-
able and efficient aid to the commerce of our port.
AETEMUS T. FLETCHER,
Agent New York Board of Underwriters.
The letter of Mr. Bacon, agent of the Boston Underwriters, addressed
to Judge Hager, is precisely to the same effect.
Other well known merchants and citizens of San Francisco have
signed the following :
We, the undersigned, taxpayers, merchants, shipowners, shipmasters
and underwriters, hereby recommend the passage of the bill introduced
in the Senate by the Hon. John S. Hager, licensing tug boats to do pilot
service for the port of San Francisco :
S. L. Mastick & Co.,
Samuel Blair,
Dolleus & Carson,
Knapp & Grant,
H. B. Tichnor & Co.,
Nicholas Bichard,
Hanson, Ackerman & Co.,
Adams, Blum & Co.,
J. Everding & Co.,
Jno. H. Campbell,
A. B. Richardson,
James Ritchie,
B. & J. S. Doe,
S. E. & F. Smith,
E. Freeman,
Gr. M. Josselvn,
John C. Hacke & Co.,
Charles B. Johnson,
S. B. Peterson,
Moss & Beadle,
C. R. Huinphrey,
Wm. Blanding,
Main & Winchester,
Thomas W. Badger,
Z. W. Sparks,
Irvine k Co.,
Goldstein k Seller,
Moses Ellis & Co.,
Wilnierding & Kellogg,
A. R. Baldwin k Co.,
M. C. Fassett,
Geo. Clifford,
10
Coghill, Lyons k Co.,
Meigs A: Gawley,
Wm. NorrJs,
Holladiiy & Brenham
A. Hay ward,
C. L. Taylor & Co.,
liobert Sheehy,
John Benson.
Jerome Lincoln,
Geo F. Bragg & Co.,
J. Dowy & Co.,
Sobultz & Van Bargen.
Wormser Bros.,
McCain, Flood & McClure,
Williams, Blanchard & Co.,
D. M. Lennan,
Goodall & Nelson,
Geo. Johnson,
Wright & Browne,
Wm. McCoU,
Anthony Milton,
Wailes Hare,
Dickson,
Jones & Co.,
Kruse k P]uler,
J. M. French,
L. & E Wortheimer,
T. L. Barker,
W. W. Dodge & Co.,
J. M. Goewey & Co.,
S. F. Butterworth,
Maurice Dore,
Tallant & Co.,
Alpheus Bull,
Wm. Burling,
J. P. Kaymand & Co.,
J. C. Merrill & Co.,
Castle Brothers,
Whittier, Fuller & Co.,
The Russell & Irwin Man'g Co.,
Per J. W. Stow, Att'y,
H. F. Williams,
Treadwell & Co.,
Rogers,' Meyer & Co.,
R. & J. Morton,
DeWolf & Co.
We, the undersigned, merchants, underwriters, shipowners and ship-
masters, hereby recommend the passage of the bill introduced in the
Senate by the Hon. John S. Hager, licensing tug boats to do pilot ser-
vice for the port of San Francisco :
Jno. J. McKinnan,
T. P. & J. A. Hooper,
Pope & Talbot,
A. N. Simpson,
J. Hunt,
Pres. Pacific Ins. Co.
Against this project of licensing the steam tugs the great argument
used is the old, old one, as old as error itself — that it has never been
done before. If this were true, it would not be an ai'gumeut, but a mere
excuse. For if the reasons for making a reform are good, the appeal to
the past is not sound. The true appeal is to the future, not to the past.
But in this instance the principle contended for has already been estab-
lished, b}' our own legislation, at Humboldt, and b}^ the State of Oregon.
And, in illustration of the necessity of the system, these bars are con-
fessedly the worst on the coast. No vessel ventures to cross Humboldt
bar without a steam tug. No pilot is licensed, unless attached to a
steam tug. What is exclusive in Oregon and Humboldt we propose to
introduce as an element of variety and competition here, giving to our
bar the benefit of both systems.
One more argument urged against licensing the steam tugs is, that
the}- will destroy the eflficienc}' of the pilot system, by monopolizing the
business. Was there ever any institution bolstered up b}' privilege,
which did not in precisely the same way threaten the world with ruin
if harm came to its privilege? What if the steam tugs do supersede
the pilots ? It will be the besr, proof of the wisdom of this bill, which
inaugurates the better service. If these pilots should prove not to be
necessarj'- to commerce, let them go to the superstitions and crossbows,
the wooden ploughs and flintlocks, the handlooms and rusty armor that
11
have gone before them. But it is not so. The southwest summer winds
that prevail at San Francisco for eight months in the j'ear give a monopoly
to sail over steam that nothing can remove. Those winds bear vessels
before them with a speed and power that laughs at the steam tugs. All
the summer, and most of the winter, inward pilotage will be done by
the sail boats. The outward pilotage will be done, as now, chiefly by
the tugs. And while the number of vessels may be equally divided
between the two services, the great preponderance of profit will be with
the pilots of sail boats; for one small boat may furnish five or six of
them, while it requires all the outlay and expense of a tug to earn one
pilotage. There will be ample room for both arms of the service. The
•commerce of San Francisco has steadily increased, and will go on
increasing, unless it is checked and stifled by oppressive legislation.
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